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This study proposes a hierarchical game approach for grid-forming energy storage to participate in the operational optimization of integrated energy systems. Few studies are on the operational optimization of integrated energy systems with grid-forming energy storage. The microgrid operator is the upper-level leader, and the grid-forming energy storage and user aggregator are the lower-level follower to consider the operation cost, power trading, demand-side management, and voltage supportability. An improved mountaineering team-based optimization (IMTBO) algorithm is proposed based on chaotic mapping for dispersive search to improve the model search effect. The results showed that the IMTBO can reduce the voltage deviation by 23.77% compared to the control case that improves the operational efficiency of the integrated energy system and the distribution network, and rationally optimizes the power allocation and energy price in the system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With technological advancements and cost reduction， the centralized integration of grid-forming energy storage system has significantly expanded. This integration notably impacts the short-circuit currents of power system， an effect that warrants careful consideration. This paper utilizes an electromechanical transient simulation model for grid-forming energy storage system to examine the amplitude and phase characteristics of short-circuit currents under various limiting strategies. Case simulations are conducted to assess changes in short-circuit currents at nearby buses under different scales of energy storage system integration， overcurrent capabilities， grid voltage levels， and operating conditions. This comprehensive analysis reveals the influence of energy storage integration system on the bus short-circuit currents and quantifies the contribution of grid-forming energy storage system to the short-circuit currents. Based on these findings， the paper offers recommendations for capacity allocation and placement of grid-forming energy storage system， taking into account their impact on short-circuit current levels.

When faults such as blocking and commutation failure occur in a high-voltage direct current （HVDC） transmission system， they can cause transient voltage fluctuations near the sending-side converter station and lead to the disconnection with power grid. Firstly， the operating principles， response characteristics， and key parameter influences of the grid-forming energy storage open-loop control strategy are analyzed. Then， the reactive response characteristics of the synchronous condenser are analyzed， and a comparison is made between the grid-forming energy storage reactive power control model and the excitation regulation control model. Finally， a semi-physical simulation system is established， including EHVDC， photovoltaics， synchronous condenser， and grid-forming energy storage， to conduct comparative experiments on the effect of suppressing AC transient overvoltage under DC commutation failure. The results indicate that grid-forming energy storage and distributed synchronous condenser with the same capacity can achieve similar effects in terms of reactive transient response speed and the ability to suppress AC transient overvoltage.

Copyright of Zhejiang Electric Power is the property of Zhejiang Electric Power Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)