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Climate change is altering the timing of seasonal events for many taxa.There is limited understanding of how northward/southward songbird migration follows or is limited by the latitudinal progression of seasonal transitions. Consistent environmental conditions that migrating birds encounter across latitudes likely represent or correlate with important resources or limiting factors for migration.We tested whether migratory passage—observed via radar—consistently tracked land surface variables and phenophases across latitudes in the US Central Flyway in both spring and fall.The daily temperatures, precipitation and vegetation greenness occurring on 10%, 50% and 90% cumulative passage dates changed substantially with latitude, indicating that most migrants experienced rapidly changing conditions as they headed north or south. Temperature did not limit the progression of migration in either season.Peak spring migration in the southern US occurred nearly 40 days after the spring green wave, the northward progression of vegetation growth, but nearly caught up to green‐up at 48° N. Spring migration phenology may have evolved to prioritize earlier arrival for breeding.Across all latitudes, peak fall migration coincided with the same land surface phenophase, an interval of 26 days prior to dormancy onset. Migrants may rely on phenological events in vegetation during fall stopovers.Considering that (a) migratory passage tracked fall land surface phenology across latitudes at a continental scale, (b) previous studies at local scales have demonstrated the importance of fruit during fall migratory stopover and (c) fruiting phenology in North America is occurring later over time while fall migration is advancing, the potential for mismatch between fall fruiting and bird migration phenology urgently needs further investigation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In temperate regions, the annual pattern of spring onset can be envisioned as a 'green wave' of emerging vegetation that moves across continents from low to high latitudes, signifying increasing food availability for consumers.Many herbivorous migrants 'surf' such resource waves, timing their movements to exploit peak vegetation resources in early spring. Although less well studied at the individual level, secondary consumers such as insectivorous songbirds can track vegetation phenology during migration as well.We hypothesized that four species of ground‐foraging songbirds in eastern North America—two warblers and two thrushes—time their spring migrations to coincide with later phases of vegetation phenology, corresponding to increased arthropod prey, and predicted they would match their migration rate to the green wave but trail behind it rather than surfing its leading edge.We further hypothesized that the rate at which spring onset progresses across the continent influences bird migration rates, such that individuals adjust migration timing within North America to phenological conditions they experience en route.To test our hypotheses, we used a continent‐wide automated radio telemetry network to track individual songbirds on spring migration between the U.S. Gulf Coast region and northern locations closer to their breeding grounds.We measured vegetation phenology using two metrics of spring onset, the spring index first leaf date and the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), then calculated the rate and timing of spring onset relative to bird detections.All individuals arrived in the southeastern United States well after local spring onset. Counter to our expectations, we found that songbirds exhibited a 'catching up' pattern: Individuals migrated faster than the green wave of spring onset, effectively closing in on the start of spring as they approached breeding areas.While surfing of resource waves is a well‐documented migration strategy for herbivorous waterfowl and ungulates, individual songbirds in our study migrated faster than the green wave and increasingly caught up to its leading edge en route.Consequently, songbirds experience a range of vegetation phenophases while migrating through North America, suggesting flexibility in their capacity to exploit variable resources in spring. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Polytechnic is the property of Journal of Polytechnic and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Traffic & Transportation Research / Trafik ve Ulaşım Araştırmaları Dergisi is the property of Journal of Traffic & Transportation Research and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The rise of an Islamist party (PAS) in the 2022 general election caused concern that a massive shift towards an ethno-religious backlash was under way in Malaysia. This paper argues that this is not necessarily the case. First, the number of PAS's seats was inflated by malapportionment. More important, analyses of original surveys reveal that PAS benefitted from the last-minute, pro-PN swing of undecided voters, who were mainly motivated by economic concerns. This paper illustrates how economic, distributive, and governance grievances affected voting behaviour and discusses how to balance competing demands after the collapse of a dominant party regime. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Traffic lights in cities play a crucial role in regulating the complex dynamics of diverse vehicles, giving priority to certain users or vehicles on the road. However, the alternating stop-and-go patterns induced by these lights have an impact on desired speed of vehicles and energy dissipation. In this paper, we examine the impacts of traffic signals, focusing on a two-lane cellular automaton model. Our model accounts for traffic heterogeneity by differentiating vehicles based on speed (slow and fast) and size (large, slow vehicles and small, fast vehicles). In our study, we concentrated on a case in which the lane-changing rules were asymmetric., this regulation stipulates that slower-moving traffic should keep to the righthand lane (or the left-hand lane in countries where driving is on the left) to allow faster vehicles to pass. Although these vehicles occasionally change lanes, they revert to their preferred lane at the earliest opportunity. Hence, we examined two traffic light control strategies: the green wave and synchronized methods. Our findings indicate that both strategies exhibit comparable performance for vehicles in terms of traffic flow parameters. However, differences emerge when comparing the two lanes or vehicle types. Specifically, the slow lane demonstrates a higher traffic flow for slower vehicles and a reduced flow for faster vehicles. When examining satisfaction rates and energy dissipation, notable variations emerge, especially in extremely low densities. The green wave demonstrates marginally superior performance compared to the synchronized traffic light control. This investigation deepens our understanding of the impact of various control strategies on performance. The findings can serve as a foundation for exploring more intricate aspects of traffic management, enhancing the potential for creating efficient and adaptive urban transportation systems.

Copyright of Mülkiye Dergisi is the property of Mulkiye Dergisi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Shanghai University / Shanghai Daxue Xuebao is the property of Journal of Shanghai University (Natural Sciences) Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

BackgroundThe rapid increase in demand for health services as a result of the COVID-19 outbreak has created significant challenges for health systems. National and international health authorities have declared reproductive health services as essential, particularly those related to prevention, care during pregnancy, delivery and postpartum, as well as abortion services. This research was conducted by a regional team in cooperation with nine local organizations that are members of the Latin American Consortium against Unsafe Abortion (Consorcio Latinoamericano Contra el Aborto Inseguro, CLACAI).ObjectivesOur research aimed to examine the provision of reproductive healthcare services, with a focus on abortion, in nine countries during the first few months of the pandemic (March to September 2020).MethodsOur research design developed a set of quantitative and qualitative indicators to monitor the availability and accessibility of abortion services during the COVID-19 pandemic. Researchers collected the quantitative data by reviewing regulations and other documents, government and civil society reports, and official statistics; the qualitative data was acquired through interviews with key actors, and non-representative surveys completed by healthcare professional and end users of reproductive services.ResultsAlthough six of the nine countries we researched deemed reproductive health services essential, only two of these six countries considered abortion services to be essential, and all nine countries reported difficulties in accessing abortion services. Restrictive abortion laws remained in place in the majority of countries (seven), and as a result access to abortion services became even more limited than it had been before the pandemic. At the same time, good practices to facilitate access to abortion services in healthcare facilities, updated regulatory frameworks, and collaboration between civil society and government agencies were identified and should continue to be promoted even after the pandemic crisis has subsided.ConclusionsThe pandemic catalyzed what was already happening in each country, and as such abortion services have become more accessible in countries like Argentina, where the so-called green wave has been generating social, legal and policy changes, whereas in countries such as Ecuador, where abortion is legally restricted and opposed to by the government, access to safe abortion became even more difficult than it was before the pandemic. However, the general trend has been a lack of adequate adaptation in order to guarantee quality in abortion care. That said, there have also been some interesting and positive service provision initiatives, such as telemedicine, implemented in at least two countries, which, if maintained long-term, could improve access to safe abortion.

Most analyses of nonviolent movements downplay the role that national identity may play in their success or failure. Our study aims to bridge the gap between those who focus on structure and those who focus on agency by comparing national identity in Iran's Islamic revolution with the Green Wave. We argue that the Shah's attempts to create a secularized Persian-based national identity ran afoul of deep-seated cultural connections to Islam: which were successfully harnessed by Ayatollah Khomeini and his followers to bridge the gap between themselves and regime insiders. By contrast, members of the Green Wave were unable to build a shared sense of national identity with advocates of the system. This difference was, in part, responsible for the success of the former movement and the failure of the latter, hopefully leading to a reassessment of the need to contest a viable national identity in any nonviolent campaign. However, while identity may be necessary for a successful campaign, it is clearly not sufficient. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Following the flush of spring growth of primary production (the "green wave" hypothesis) has been applied as a universal explanation for spring migration timing of avian herbivores. However, studies of the green wave hypothesis have focused on species feeding intensively on above-ground primary production. To test whether a facultative grazer strictly follows the green wave, we used 16 complete tracks in time and space of spring migrating tundra bean geese (Anser serrirostris) fitted with telemetry devices from two flyways between Yangtze River Floodplain winter areas and Anadyr (Russia)/Central Arctic breeding grounds. We combined these with high spatial resolution MODIS satellite-derived plant production data to relate the timing of spring migration to that of the green wave index (GWI) at different staging regions and on breeding areas. Results showed that, at stopovers south of 52°N, eastern tundra bean geese fed mainly on cropland and arrived at stopover sites ahead of 50% GWI. At all subsequent stopover sites in Russia, eastern tundra bean geese fed exclusively on natural forage land, and followed GWI northwards, finally overtaking GWI to arrive at the breeding sites in advance of these dates. These data show that satellite-derived GWI are generally poor predictors of the arrival dates of spring migrating eastern tundra bean geese, but that deviations related to differential habitat use along the flyway and the need to arrive on the breeding areas ahead of snowmelt to coincide subsequent hatching of goslings with optimal food availability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Urban fine management needs scientific traffic management methods and efficient signal control programs. Green wave control is usually used to facilitate the unban traffic. However, maximum bandwidth optimization on arterial traffic signal timing is usually yielded from the sacrifice of the branch road. The green wave on branch roads and pedestrian crossing time at intersections are often neglected. In this paper, an extended integrated green wave control method is presented to solve the coordinated control issue, which considers green time constraints to ensure necessary time for vehicles on branch roads and pedestrian crossing time at intersections. Non-coordinated phase saturation is first introduced to describe the green time on branch roads. Next, the arterial roads are partitioned to enlarge the green wave bandwidth and an extended green wave optimization model with green time constraints is proposed. Combined with the green wave searching method, an improved genetic algorithm is applied. Finally, a real-world case study in Shenzhen, China, is employed to assess the model. Results show the proposed model can (1) reach the same public green time as in the traditional method and (2) increase the average sub-green wave bandwidth to improve the signal control.

Abstract The “green wave” hypothesis posits that during spring consumers track spatial gradients in emergent vegetation and associated foraging opportunities. This idea has largely been invoked to explain animal migration patterns, yet the general phenomenon underlies trends in vertebrate reproductive chronology as well. We evaluated the utility of this hypothesis for predicting spatial variation in nest initiation of greater sage‐grouse (Centrocerus urophasianus), a species of conservation concern in western North America. We used the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) to map the green wave across elevation and then compiled dates and locations of >450 sage‐grouse nests from 20 study sites (2000–2014) to model nest initiation as a function of the start of the growing season (SOS), defined here as the maximum daily rate of increase in NDVI. Individual sites were drawn from three ecoregions, distributed over 4.5° latitude, and spanning 2,300 m in elevation, which captured the climatic, edaphic, and floristic diversity of sagebrush ecosystems in the southern half of current sage‐grouse range. As predicted, SOS displayed a significant, positive relationship with elevation, occurring 1.3 days later for each 100 m increase in elevation. In turn, sage‐grouse nest initiation followed SOS by 22 ± 10 days (r2 = .57), with hatch dates falling on or just prior to the peak of the growing season. By timing nesting to the green wave, sage‐grouse chicks hatched when the abundance of protein‐rich invertebrate biomass is hypothesized to be nearing a seasonal high. This adaptation likely represents a strategy for maximizing reproductive success in the arid, variable environments that define sagebrush ecosystems. Given projected changes in climate and land use, these results can be used to predict periods of relative sensitivity to habitat disturbance for sage‐grouse. Moreover, the near real‐time availability of satellite imagery offers a heretofore underutilized means of mapping the green wave, planning habitat restoration, and monitoring range conditions.

The year 2021 began with good news: on 29 December 2020, the law that guarantees access to the right to legal, safe and free abortion was approved in Argentina's National Congress and Senate. This achievement was the result of the struggles of the feminist and women's movement. A particular feature was the massive involvement of young people in discussions, street mobilisations and vigils, with all those taking part wearing green bandanas, the movement being named the 'Green Wave' (Marea Verde), as a result. After the law was passed, the organisation Catholics for the Right to Decide (CDD), an active member of the National Campaign for the Right to Legal, Safe and Free Abortion – with the support of the Global Fund for Women – asked us to investigate the role and participation of young people from different parts of our country in the Green Wave movement. This article discusses the findings of this research project. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The timing of spring initiates an important period for resource availability for large trophic webs within ecosystems, including forage for grazing animals, flowers for pollinators, and the higher trophic levels that depend on these resources. Spring timing is highly variable across space, being influenced strongly by the departure of snow cover (i.e. snowmelt timing, in locations with a seasonal snowpack), climate, weather, elevation, and latitude. When spring timing occurs along a gradient (e.g. spring arriving later in higher elevations of mountainous terrain), the organisms that rely on spring resources often migrate to maintain an optimal position for spring resources – a phenomenon known as ‘surfing the green wave.’ While this behavior has been observed by tracking animals, there have been no studies to quantify the green wave as a movement across space and time. Furthermore, considering that snowmelt timing has moderate power to explain green-up timing for a given location, we ask the question: does snowmelt velocity predict green wave velocity? Here, we introduce the first continental maps of snowmelt and green wave velocity for North America from 2001 to 2016 as derived from the MODIS MCD12Q2 phenology dataset. We show that both snowmelt and green wave velocities are influenced strongly by topography, including slope and aspect. Furthermore, we quantify the relationships between snowmelt and green wave velocities according to three variables: direction, speed, and distance traveled. We conclude that mountainous ecoregions, such as the western North American cordillera, have the highest correspondence between snowmelt and green wave velocities, compared to flatter regions such as the Great Plains and tundra. This work will be of interest to wildlife ecologists, biologists, and land managers who seek to conserve migratory animals and the ecosystems that support them.

Over 70% of the European population lives in urban areas. This puts pressure on urban transport systems, leading to increased environmental impacts. Such impacts are particularly large in cases where the traffic caused by vehicles with internal combustion engines is repeatedly braking and accelerating due to poorly planned traffic flow. We have evaluated an increase in fuel consumption in the real case of a road section in Celje caused by the difference in traffic flow between the 'green' and 'red' wave of traffic lights. Based on the obtained results, we are able to estimate the factor of pollution increasing caused by accelerating. By adding the estimates of pollution caused by braking, we get an overall picture of the importance of ensuring a steady flow of traffic to reduce pollution in urban environments.

In this paper, we propose a cellular automaton model to simulate traffic flow controlled by a series of traffic lights. The synchronized traffic light and the green wave light strategies were investigated. The spatiotemporal diagrams, energy dissipation, and CO2 emission of the system were presented. Our simulations are conducted to clarify the difference between both strategies and their effects on the traffic flow and the CO2 emission. We found that the traffic flow depends mainly on the strategy used for managing the traffic lights as well as on the parameters of the traffic lights, namely the cycle length, the number of traffic lights and the length of the system. The fundamental diagram has barely the same characteristics for both methods and it depends on the combination of the parameters of the system. We find that the green wave is more convenient for the management of a series of traffic lights than the synchronized control strategy in terms of throughput, especially for large-sized systems. Unlike in terms of CO2 emission and energy dissipation, both control strategies outperform each other depending on the density regions and the parameters of the system. Finally, we investigate the effect of both cycles (i.e. red and green) for the synchronized control method on the CO2 emission. It is found that the green cycle generates often a series of acceleration events that increase CO2 emission. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The "green wave" hypothesis posits that during spring consumers track spatial gradients in emergent vegetation and associated foraging opportunities. This idea has largely been invoked to explain animal migration patterns, yet the general phenomenon underlies trends in vertebrate reproductive chronology as well. We evaluated the utility of this hypothesis for predicting spatial variation in nest initiation of greater sage‐grouse (Centrocerus urophasianus), a species of conservation concern in western North America. We used the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) to map the green wave across elevation and then compiled dates and locations of >450 sage‐grouse nests from 20 study sites (2000–2014) to model nest initiation as a function of the start of the growing season (SOS), defined here as the maximum daily rate of increase in NDVI. Individual sites were drawn from three ecoregions, distributed over 4.5° latitude, and spanning 2,300 m in elevation, which captured the climatic, edaphic, and floristic diversity of sagebrush ecosystems in the southern half of current sage‐grouse range. As predicted, SOS displayed a significant, positive relationship with elevation, occurring 1.3 days later for each 100 m increase in elevation. In turn, sage‐grouse nest initiation followed SOS by 22 ± 10 days (r2 =.57), with hatch dates falling on or just prior to the peak of the growing season. By timing nesting to the green wave, sage‐grouse chicks hatched when the abundance of protein‐rich invertebrate biomass is hypothesized to be nearing a seasonal high. This adaptation likely represents a strategy for maximizing reproductive success in the arid, variable environments that define sagebrush ecosystems. Given projected changes in climate and land use, these results can be used to predict periods of relative sensitivity to habitat disturbance for sage‐grouse. Moreover, the near real‐time availability of satellite imagery offers a heretofore underutilized means of mapping the green wave, planning habitat restoration, and monitoring range conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ecological theory and empirical studies have demonstrated population‐level demographic benefits resulting from a diversity of migratory behaviors with important implications for ecology, conservation, and evolution of migratory organisms. Nevertheless, evaluation of migratory portfolios (i.e., the variation in migratory behaviors across space and time among individuals within populations) has received relatively little attention in migratory ungulates, where research has focused largely on the dichotomous behaviors (e.g., resident and migrant) of partially migratory populations. Using GPS data from 361 female bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis) across 17 (4 restored, 6 augmented, 7 native) populations in Montana and Wyoming, USA, we (1) characterized migratory portfolios based on behavioral and spatial migratory characteristics and (2) evaluated the relative influence of landscape attributes and management histories on migratory diversity. Native populations, which had been extant on the landscape for many generations, had more diverse migratory portfolios, higher behavioral switching rates, reduced seasonal range fidelity, and broad dispersion of individuals across summer and winter ranges. In contrast, restored populations with an abbreviated history on the landscape were largely non‐migratory with a narrow portfolio of migratory behaviors, less behavioral switching, higher fidelity to seasonal ranges, and less dispersion on summer and winter ranges. Augmented populations were more variable and contained characteristics of both native and restored populations. Differences in migratory diversity among populations were associated with management histories (e.g., restored, augmented, or native). Landscape characteristics such as the duration and regularity of green‐up, human landscape alterations, topography, and snow gradients were not strongly associated with migratory diversity. We suggest a two‐pronged approach to restoring migratory portfolios in ungulates that first develops behavior‐specific habitat models and then places individuals with known migratory behaviors into unoccupied areas in an effort to bolster migratory portfolios in restored populations, potentially with synergistic benefits associated with variation among individuals and resulting portfolio effects. Management efforts to restore diverse migratory portfolios may increase the abundance, resilience, and long‐term viability of ungulate populations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Newly emerging plants provide the best forage for herbivores. To exploit this fleeting resource, migrating herbivores align their movements to surf the wave of spring green-up. With new technology to track migrating animals, the Green Wave Hypothesis has steadily gained empirical support across a diversity of migratory taxa. This hypothesis assumes the green wave is controlled by variation in climate, weather, and topography, and its progression dictates the timing, pace, and extent of migrations. However, aggregate grazers that are also capable of engineering grassland ecosystems make some of the world's most impressive migrations, and it is unclear how the green wave determines their movements. Here we show that Yellowstone's bison (Bison bison) do not choreograph their migratory movements to the wave of spring green-up. Instead, bison modify the green wave as they migrate and graze. While most bison surfed during early spring, they eventually slowed and let the green wave pass them by. However, small-scale experiments indicated that feedback from grazing sustained forage quality. Most importantly, a 6-fold decadal shift in bison density revealed that intense grazing caused grasslands to green up faster, more intensely, and for a longer duration. Our finding broadens our understanding of the ways in which animal movements underpin the foraging benefit of migration. The widely accepted Green Wave Hypothesis needs to be revised to include large aggregate grazers that not only move to find forage, but also engineer plant phenology through grazing, thereby shaping their own migratory movements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article examines the corporation from the framework of Sustainability, Ethics, and Social Responsibility as constituting citizenship behaviors in the "Three Spheres of Human Civilization" that Waddock (2009) proposed, and the principles of the Coalition for Environmentally Responsible Economies (CERES). In examining the complexity of challenges facing today's corporations and their stakeholders, and the dire need for more ethical, socially responsible, and sustainability-oriented practices and organizations, the author proposes a model called the "Strategic Pantheon for Good Corporate Citizenship" in which they equate ethical, socially responsible, and sustainable behaviors by corporations with the actions they must take in the economic, political, and civil spheres of society to become good corporate citizens and evolve into the future corporations that are fully functional, contributing, and productive citizens. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Several innovative measures in traffic control applied in Europe have successfully improved the comfort and safety of cycling, among which is the green waves for cyclists. Consecutive traffic lights are synchronised to create a green wave, increasing comfort and decreasing waiting times and related deliberate red-light running. This study focused on exploring the user acceptance of green wave systems and the user evaluation of six distinct interface designs (i.e. numeric-based countdown, dot-based vertical countdown, dot-based clockwise countdown, LED line, LED road surface, on-bike speed indicator). Results indicate a preference for three systems: numeric-based countdown, LED line and LED road surface. Results also show a significant influence of nationality on the evaluation of the interfaces. Based on our findings, we argue that the numeric-based countdown represents the most promising option for future adaptive green wave implementations. The outcomes of the present study represent a useful evidence and guidance for researchers, designers and decision makers in the field of green waves, mobility and traffic safety. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper proposes an intelligent system performing an application with assistance of an Internet of Things (IoT) platform to control a traffic lights system. In our proposed systems, the traffic lights can be remotely controlled through the Internet. Based on IoT platform, the traffic conditions at different intersections of roads are collected and the traffic lights are controlled in a central manner. For the software part, the algorithm is designed based on the green wave theory to maximize the green bandwidth of arterial roads while addressing a challenging issue: the rapid changes of parameters including cycle time, splits, offset, non-fixed vehicles' velocities and traffic flow along arterial roads. The issue typically happens at some areas where the transportation system is not well organized like in Vietnam. For the hardware part, PLC S7-1200 are placed at the intersections for two purposes: to control traffic lights and to collect the parameters and transmit to a host machine at the operation center. For the communication part, the TCP/IP protocol can be done using a Profinet port embedded in the PLC. Some graphical user interface captures are also presented to illustrate the operation of our proposed system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Green Light Optimized Speed Advisory (GLOSA) is an emerging smart transportation technology that guides drivers through signalized intersections during green light phases, showing promise in mobile source pollution control. However, there is still a lack of comprehensive understanding regarding its impact on driving behavior, fuel consumption, and CO 2 emissions. In this study, we used heavy-duty diesel truck (HDDT) as an example and conducted a comprehensive path study from the changes in driving behavior to fuel consumption and CO 2 emission reduction after the application of GLOSA, using a portable emission measurement system for real-world driving tests at two research scales: signal-controlled road section and signalized intersections. The study was innovatively conducted in three scenarios: Without GLOSA, With GLOSA, and GW GLOSA, which considers the simultaneous application of Green Wave (GW) traffic control system. Results show that applying GLOSA, the passing rate of vehicles at signalized intersections significantly improves, the driving cycle curve tends to be smoother, the cruise time ratio increases to 67.60%, and the travel time is reduced by 5%–13%. HDDT's average speed on the road segments (Seg) decreases by 25.15%, and the aggressive acceleration and deceleration behavior near signalized intersections are significantly reduced. The trip fuel consumption and CO 2 emissions of HDDT decrease by 16.63%–23.51% and 16.06%–24.12%, respectively. These fuel savings and CO 2 emission reductions mainly occur in the Seg and Signalized intersection-after sections. After the simultaneous application of GLOSA and GW, the trip average speed increases by 60.90%, and traffic efficiency is greatly improved. Although the fuel consumption and CO 2 emissions are slightly higher compared to GLOSA alone due to the higher driving speed, GW GLOSA still offers relatively considerable fuel and environmental benefits. This study deepens people's understanding of GLOSA and GW and provides support for the formulation of transportation efficiency improvement and environmental protection strategies. • We studied two scales: signal-controlled road sections and signalized intersections. • GLOSA leads to smoother driving behavior while maintaining a constant speed. • The GLOSA application reduces signalized intersection's carbon intensity. • GLOSA and GW help save fuel, reduce CO 2 emissions, and enhance traffic efficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To minimize travel time of emergency vehicles on the way and improve efficiency of emergency response, an emergency vehicle route oriented signal coordinated control model with two-level programming was proposed based on the different priority types and priority levels of emergency vehicles. The upper level is the dynamic offset model of emergency vehicles, and the lower level is the green wave model of emergency vehicles. At dynamic offset level, latter phase was calculated based on the queue length ahead of the emergency vehicles and their arrival time, in which the former phase was the reference object. At route green wave level, maximum bandwidth of the route of emergency vehicles was calculated, based on the turning movement characteristics and its corresponding capacity reduction. Furthermore, the two-level programming model solution is obtained with genetic algorithm. Finally, simulation results of three control strategies, which are no-signal priority control strategy, isolated control priority strategy and coordinated priority control strategy in this paper, were obtained in micro-traffic simulation software VISSIM, with the case including three intersections in Suzhou roads as the emergency vehicles route. From the simulation results we can conclude that compared to no-signal priority control strategy, coordinated priority strategy can reduce delay, travel time, queue length and stops of emergency vehicles by 27,18, 36 and 38%, respectively, and the average delay of total vehicles at intersection can be reduced by 20%; compared to isolated control priority strategy, these numbers are 14, 6, 12, 21 and 22%, respectively, which means great improvement, and influence on social background traffic was also considered in it. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of IC: Revista Científica de Información y Comunicación is the property of Universidad de Sevilla, Departamento de Periodismo and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

One of the key questions regarding the underlying mechanisms ofmammalian land migrations is how animals select where to go. Most studies assume perception of resources as the navigational mechanism. The possible role of memory that would allow forecasting conditions at distant locations and times based on information about environmental conditions from previous years has been little studied. We study migrating zebra in Botswana using an individual-based simulation model, where perceptually guided individuals use currently sensed resources at different perceptual ranges, while memoryguided individuals use long-term averages of past resources to forecast future conditions. We compare simulated individuals guided by perception or memory on resource landscapes of remotely sensed vegetation data to trajectories of GPS-tagged zebras. Our results show that memory provides a clear signal that best directs migrants to their destination compared to perception at even the largest perceptual ranges. Zebras modelled with memory arrived two to four times, or up to 100 km, closer to the migration destination than those using perception. We suggest that memory in addition to perception is important for directing ungulate migration. Furthermore, our findings are important for the conservation of migratory mammals, as memory informing direction suggests migration routes could be relatively inflexible. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]