Search

In the context of braneworld scenarios, the real scalar field plays a crucial role by providing thickness for brane. In this work, we investigate a codimension-one thick brane within the framework of f(R, Q, P) gravity, where R represents the curvature scalar, while Q = R μ ν R μ ν and P = R μ ν α β R μ ν α β are quadratic geometric invariants. Our interest is to investigate the influence of these invariants on the scalar field solution and the energy density of the brane. Furthermore, we analyze the localization of spin 1/2 fermions and the gravitino by employing a Yukawa-like coupling with the scalar field background. Such a coupling is able to produce a normalizable zero-mode for both fields. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We give a family of exact solutions of N = 1 supergravity field equations in D = 4 dimensions that describe the collision of plane-fronted gravitino waves. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The projective variety of square-zero elements in the six-dimensional minimal supersymmetry algebra is isomorphic to P 1 × P 3 . We use this fact, together with the pure spinor superfield formalism, to study supermultiplets in six dimensions, starting from vector bundles on projective spaces. We classify all multiplets whose derived invariants for the supertranslation algebra form a line bundle over the nilpotence variety; one can think of such multiplets as being those whose holomorphic twists have rank one over Dolbeault forms on spacetime. In addition, we explicitly construct multiplets associated to natural higher-rank equivariant vector bundles, including the tangent and normal bundles as well as their duals. Among the multiplets constructed are the vector multiplet and hypermultiplet, the family of O (n) -multiplets, and the supergravity and gravitino multiplets. Along the way, we tackle various theoretical problems within the pure spinor superfield formalism. In particular, we give some general discussion about the relation of the projective nilpotence variety to multiplets and prove general results on short exact sequences and dualities of sheaves in the context of the pure spinor superfield formalism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We determine the N = 1 supersymmetric topological W∞ algebra by using the λ deformed bosons (β, γ) and fermions (b, c) ghost system. By considering the real bosons and the real fermions at λ = 0 (or λ = 1 2 ), the N = 1 supersymmetric W ∞ 2 algebra is obtained. At λ = 1 4 , other N = 1 supersymmetric W1+∞[λ = 1 4 ] algebra is determined. We also obtain the extension of Lie superalgebra PSU(2, 2| N = 4) appearing in the worldsheet theory by using the symplectic bosons and the fermions. We identify the soft current algebra between the graviton, the gravitino, the photon (the gluon), the photino (the gluino) or the scalars, equivalent to N = 1 supersymmetric W1+∞[λ] algebra, in two dimensions with the N = 1 supergravity theory in four dimensions discovered by Freedman, van Nieuwenhuizen and Ferrara in 1976 and its matter coupled theories, via celestial holography. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is well-known that the number of particles produced in cosmology, commonly defined in the literature from the Fock space of the instantaneous hamiltonian of the canonically normalized fields, is ambiguous. On the other hand, the energy computed from the energy-momentum tensor should be physical. We compare the corresponding Fock spaces and relate them through a Bogolyubov transformation. We find that for particles of spin 0, 1 and 3/2 the two Fock spaces are different, whereas they are the same for spin 1/2 fermions. For spin 0 and 1, for particles of high momenta the two Fock spaces align, as intuitively expected. For the spin 3/2, one finds two puzzles. The first one is that the two corresponding Fock spaces do not match even in the limit of high momenta. The second is that whereas we provide evidence for the equivalence theorem between longitudinal gravitinos and the goldstino in terms of an exact matching between the lagrangians and the instantaneous hamiltonians for the canonically normalized fields, the energy operator computed from the Rarita-Schwinger action does not seem to be captured in a simple way by the goldstino action. Our results suggest a re-analysis of non-thermal gravitino production in cosmology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We conducted an investigation into Affleck–Dine baryogenesis within the context of polynomial inflation, specifically focusing on its relationship with a recent reheating formalism. It was found that by considering a specific reheating temperature, the observed baryon asymmetry can be accounted through Affleck–Dine baryogenesis. Additionally, the majority of gravitinos are inferred to be generated from the decay of the next-to-lightest supersymmetric particle, with Q-balls potentially serving as a source of gravitinos via the NSP decay. The temperature at which decay occurs depends on the charge of the Q-balls, which is determined by the fragmentation of the Affleck–Dine condensate. Remarkably, the gravitino mass required for dark matter aligns naturally with the theoretical gravitino mass. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this note we construct large ensembles of supersymmetry breaking solutions arising in the context of flux compactifications of type IIB string theory. This class of solutions was previously proposed in [1] for which we provide the first explicit examples in Calabi-Yau orientifold compactifications with discrete fluxes below their respective tadpole constraint. As a proof of concept, we study the degree 18 hypersurface in weighted projective space CP 1,1,1,6,9. Furthermore, we look at 10 additional orientifolds with h1,2 = 2, 3. We find several flux vacua with hierarchical suppression of the vacuum energy with respect to the gravitino mass. These solutions provide a crucial stepping stone for the construction of explicit de Sitter vacua in string theory. Lastly, we also report the difference in the distribution of W0 between supersymmetric and non-supersymmetric minima. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We show that, in a U(1)R−L-symmetric supersymmetric model, the pseudo-Dirac bino and wino can give rise to three light neutrino masses through effective operators, generated at the messenger scale between a SUSY breaking hidden sector and the visible sector. The neutrino-bino/wino mixing follows a hybrid type I+III inverse seesaw pattern. The light neutrino masses are governed by the ratio of the U(1)R−L-breaking gravitino mass, m3/2, and the messenger scale ΛM. The charged component of the SU(2)L-triplet, here the lightest charginos, mix with the charged leptons and generate flavor-changing neutral currents at tree level. We find that resulting lepton flavor violating observables yield a lower bound on the messenger scale, ΛM ≳ (500 − 1000) TeV for a simplified hybrid mixing scenario. We identify interesting mixing structures for certain U(1)R−L-breaking singlino/tripletino Majorana masses. For example, in some parameter regimes, bino or wino has no mixing with the electron neutrino. We also describe the rich collider phenomenology expected in this neutrino-mass generation mechanism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The species scale provides an upper bound for the ultraviolet cutoff of effective theories of gravity coupled to a number of light particle species. Modular invariant (super‐)potentials provide a simple and computable expression of the species scale as a function of the moduli in toroidal orbifold compactifications of type II and heterotic string are pointed out. Due t o modular symmetry, these functions are valid over all moduli space and not only in asymptotic regions. Additive logarithmic corrections to the species scale arise from the requirement that the latter be modular invariant are observed. The moduli‐dependent expression of the species scale in terms of the gravitino mass or the scalar potential of these models are recasted and swampland conjectures such as the anti‐de Sitter distance conjecture and the gravitino conjecture are connected. The species scale provides an upper bound for the ultraviolet cutoff of effective theories of gravity coupled to a number of light particle species. Modular invariant (super‐)potentials provide a simple and computable expression of the species scale as a function of the moduli in toroidal orbifold compactifications of type II and heterotic string are pointed out. Due to modular symmetry, these functions are valid over all moduli space and not only in asymptotic regions. Additive logarithmic corrections to the species scale arise from the requirement that the latter be modular invariant are observed. The moduli‐dependent expression of the species scale in terms of the gravitino mass or the scalar potential of these models are recasted and swampland conjectures such as the anti‐de Sitter distance conjecture and the gravitino conjecture are connected. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A search for long-lived particles decaying in the outer regions of the CMS silicon tracker or in the calorimeters is presented. The search is based on a data sample of proton-proton collisions at s = 13 TeV recorded with the CMS detector at the LHC in 2016–2018, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 138 fb−1. A novel technique, using nearly trackless and out-of-time jet information combined in a deep neural network discriminator, is employed to identify decays of long-lived particles. The results are interpreted in a simplified model of chargino-neutralino production, where the neutralino is the next-to-lightest supersymmetric particle, is long-lived, and decays to a gravitino and either a Higgs or Z boson. This search is most sensitive to neutralino proper decay lengths of approximately 0.5 m, for which masses up to 1.18 TeV are excluded at 95% confidence level. The current search is the best result to date in the mass range from the kinematic limit imposed by the Higgs boson mass up to 1.8 TeV. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A search for new phenomena has been performed in final states with at least one isolated high-momentum photon, jets and missing transverse momentum in proton–proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of s = 13 TeV. The data, collected by the ATLAS experiment at the CERN LHC, correspond to an integrated luminosity of 139 fb−1. The experimental results are interpreted in a supersymmetric model in which pair-produced gluinos decay into neutralinos, which in turn decay into a gravitino, at least one photon, and jets. No significant deviations from the predictions of the Standard Model are observed. Upper limits are set on the visible cross section due to physics beyond the Standard Model, and lower limits are set on the masses of the gluinos and neutralinos, all at 95% confidence level. Visible cross sections greater than 0.022 fb are excluded and pair-produced gluinos with masses up to 2200 GeV are excluded for most of the NLSP masses investigated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Using the GAMBIT global fitting framework, we constrain the MSSM with an eV-scale gravitino as the lightest supersymmetric particle, and the six electroweakinos (neutralinos and charginos) as the only other light new states. We combine 15 ATLAS and 12 CMS searches at 13 TeV, along with a large collection of ATLAS and CMS measurements of Standard Model signatures. This model, which we refer to as the G ~ -EWMSSM, exhibits quite varied collider phenomenology due to its many permitted electroweakino production processes and decay modes. Characteristic G ~ -EWMSSM signal events have two or more Standard Model bosons and missing energy due to the escaping gravitinos. While much of the G ~ -EWMSSM parameter space is excluded, we find several viable parameter regions that predict phenomenologically rich scenarios with multiple neutralinos and charginos within the kinematic reach of the LHC during Run 3, or the High Luminosity LHC. In particular, we identify scenarios with Higgsino-dominated electroweakinos as light as 140 GeV that are consistent with our combined set of collider searches and measurements. The full set of G ~ -EWMSSM parameter samples and GAMBIT input files generated for this work is available via Zenodo. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We give evidence that supersymmetric anti-de Sitter vacua of five-dimensional supergravity cannot be scale separated as a consequence of quantum gravity constraints, such as the weak gravity conjecture or the species scale. We show this in a model-independent way for the minimal and the maximal theory and we believe that the argument can be extended to any amount of preserved supercharges in the between. If combined with previous works stating that non-supersymmetric anti-de Sitter vacua must be unstable, our results suggest that five-dimensional effective field theories in anti-de Sitter belong to the swampland. At the cost of introducing an additional assumption on the gravitino mass, we can extend our analysis to de Sitter vacua as well. However, the few known stable de Sitter vacua of minimal five-dimensional supergravity do not satisfy such an assumption and thus evade our constraints. This suggest that they are on a somehow different footing than their four-dimensional counterparts and therefore deserve further investigation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We analyse the shifted hybrid inflation in a no-scale supersymmetric SU(5) GUT model which naturally circumvents the monopole problem. The no-scale framework is derivable as the effective field theory of the supersymmetric (SUSY) compactifications of string theory, and yields a flat potential with no anti-de Sitter vacua, resolving the η problem. The model predicts a scalar spectral tilt ns compatible with the most recent measurements by the Planck satellite, while also accommodating large values of the tensor-to-scalar ratio r (~ 0.0015), potentially measurable by the near-future experiments. Moreover, the proton decay lifetime in the presence of the dimension-5 operators is found to lie above the current limit imposed by the Super-Kamiokande experiment. A realistic scenario of reheating and non-thermal leptogenesis is employed, wherein the reheating temperature Tr lies in the (2 × 106 ≲ Tr ≲ 2 × 109) GeV range, and at the same time realizing gravitino as a viable dark matter (DM) candidate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The E 6 -inspired extension of the minimal supersymmetric (SUSY) standard model (MSSM) with an extra U (1) N gauge symmetry, under which right-handed neutrinos have zero charge, involves exotic matter beyond the MSSM to ensure anomaly cancellation. We consider the variant of this extension (SE 6 SSM) in which the cold dark matter is composed of the lightest neutral exotic fermion and gravitino. The observed baryon asymmetry can be induced in this case via the decays of the lightest right-handed neutrino/sneutrino into exotic states even for relatively low reheating temperatures T R ≲ 10 6 − 7 G e V . We argue that there are some regions of the SE 6 SSM parameter space, which are safe from all current constraints, and discuss the implications of this model for collider phenomenology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is well-known that gravitino propagation in standard supergravities is free of any causality problems. However, two issues related to gravitino propagation were recently uncovered in specific supergravities with nonlinear supersymmetry. One of them concerns potential acausality/superluminality, whereas the second one arises from the vanishing of the sound speed at specific points during inflation. The former is famously related to positivity constraints on specific EFT operators, derived from dispersion relations on the energy-growing part of scattering amplitudes, and indeed we show that subluminality constraints for the gravitino are related via the equivalence theorem to positivity bounds in low-energy goldstino actions. However, the former are stronger, in the sense that they apply to functions of the scalar fields not only in the ground state, but for any field values such as those scanned by time-dependent solutions, unlike bounds derived from 2 → 2 scattering amplitudes in the vacuum. We also argue that nontrivial causality constraints arise only in the case where nonlinear supersymmetry in the matter sector is encoded into superfield constraints which do not seem to arise from microscopic two-derivative lagrangians, in particular for the orthogonal constraint used to build minimal models of inflation in supergravity. This allows us to propose simple alternatives which maintain the minimality of the spectra and are causal in all points of the theory parameter space. We also discuss minimal supergravity models of inflation along these lines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the E 6 inspired U (1) N extension of the minimal supersymmetric (SUSY) standard model (MSSM), a single discrete Z ˜ 2 H symmetry permits suppressing rapid proton decay and non-diagonal flavor transitions. If matter parity and Z ˜ 2 H symmetry are preserved in this SUSY model (SE 6 SSM), it may involve two dark matter candidates. In this article, we study a new modification of the SE 6 SSM in which the cold dark matter is composed of gravitino and the lightest neutral exotic fermion. We argue that, in this case, the dark matter nucleon scattering cross-section can be considerably smaller than the present experimental limit. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We propose a novel model of the modified (Starobinsky-like) old-minimal-type supergravity coupled to a chiral matter superfield, that can simultaneously describe multi-field inflation, primordial black hole (PBH) formation, dark matter (DM), and spontaneous supersymmetry (SUSY) breaking after inflation in a Minkowski vacuum. The PBH masses in our supergravity model of double slow-roll inflation, with a short phase of "ultra-slow-roll" between two slow-roll phases, are close to 10 18 g. We find that a significant PBH fraction in the allowed mass window can be supplemented by spontaneous SUSY breaking in the vacuum with the gravitino mass close to the scalaron (inflaton) mass M of the order 10 13 GeV. Our supergravity model favors the composite nature of DM as a mixture of PBH and heavy gravitinos as the lightest SUSY particles. The composite DM significantly relaxes fine-tuning needed for the whole PBH-DM. The PBH-DM fraction is derived, and the second-order gravitational wave background induced by the enhanced scalar perturbations is calculated. Those gravitational waves may be accessible by the future space-based gravitational interferometers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A search is presented for the pair production of higgsinos χ ˜ in gauge-mediated supersymmetry models, where the lightest neutralinos χ ˜ 1 0 decay into a light gravitino G ˜ in association with either a Higgs h or a Z boson. The search is performed with the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider using 139 fb−1 of proton–proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of s = 13 TeV. It targets final states in which a Higgs boson decays into a photon pair, while the other Higgs or Z boson decays into a b b ¯ pair, with missing transverse momentum associated with the two gravitinos. Search regions dependent on the amount of missing transverse momentum are defined by the requirements that the diphoton mass should be consistent with the mass of the Higgs boson, and the b b ¯ mass with the mass of the Higgs or Z boson. The main backgrounds are estimated with data-driven methods using the sidebands of the diphoton mass distribution. No excesses beyond Standard Model expectations are observed and higgsinos with masses up to 320 GeV are excluded, assuming a branching fraction of 100% for χ ˜ 1 0 → h G ˜. This analysis excludes higgsinos with masses of 130 GeV for branching fractions to h G ˜ as low as 36%, thus providing complementarity to previous ATLAS searches in final states with multiple leptons or multiple b -jets, targeting different decays of the electroweak bosons. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We study gauge and gravitational anomalies of fermions and 2-form fields on eight-dimensional spin manifolds. Possible global gauge anomalies are classified by spin bordism groups Ω 9 spin BG which we determine by spectral sequence techniques, and we also identify their explicit generator manifolds. It turns out that a fermion in the adjoint representation of any simple Lie group, and a gravitino in 8d N = 1 supergravity theory, have anomalies. We discuss how a 2-form field, which also appears in supergravity, produces anomalies which cancel against these fermion anomalies in a certain class of supergravity theories. In another class of theories, the anomaly of the gravitino is not cancelled by the 2-form field, but by topological degrees of freedom. It gives a restriction on the topology of spacetime manifolds which is not visible at the level of differential-form analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

By using the K-free complex bosons and the K-free complex fermions, we construct the N = 2 supersymmetric W ∞ K , K algebra which is the matrix generalization of previous N = 2 supersymmetric W ∞ algebra. By twisting this N = 2 supersymmetric W ∞ K , K algebra, we obtain the N = 1 supersymmetric W ∞ K algebra which is the matrix generalization of known N = 1 supersymmetric topological W ∞ algebra. From this two-dimensional symmetry algebra, we propose the operator product expansion (OPE) between the soft graviton and gravitino (as a first example), at nonzero deformation parameter, in the supersymmetric Einstein–Yang–Mills theory explicitly. Other six OPEs between the graviton, gravitino, gluon and gluino can be determined completely. At vanishing deformation parameter, we reproduce the known result of Fotopoulos, Stieberger, Taylor and Zhu on the above OPEs via celestial holography. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nowadays, the cosmological moduli problem (CMP) comes in three parts: 1. potential violation of Big-Bang nucleosynthesis (BBN) constraints from late decaying moduli fields, 2. the moduli-induced gravitino problem wherein gravitinos are overproduced and their decays violate BBN or dark matter overproduction bounds and 3. the moduli-induced lightest SUSY particle (LSP) overproduction problem. Also, the CMP may be regarded as either a problem or else a solution to scenarios with dark matter over- or under-production. We examine the cosmological moduli problem and its connection to electroweak naturalness. We calculate the various two-body decay widths of a light modulus field into MSSM particles and gravitinos within general supersymmetric models. We include both phase space and mixing effects. We examine cases without and with helicity suppression of modulus decays to gravitinos (cases 1 & 2) and/or gauginos (cases A & B). For case B1, we evaluate regions of gravitino mass m3/2 vs. modulus mass mϕ parameter space constrained by BBN, by overproduction of gravitinos and by overproduction of neutralino dark matter, along with connections to naturalness. For this case, essentially all of parameter space is excluded unless mϕ ≳ 2.5 × 103 TeV with mϕ< 2m3/2. For a potentially most propitious case B2 with ϕ decay to Higgs and matter turned off, then modulus branching fractions to SUSY and to gravitinos become highly suppressed at large mϕ. But since the modulus number density increases faster than the branching fractions decrease, there is still gross overproduction of neutralino dark matter. We also show that in this scenario the thermally produced gravitino problem is fixed by huge entropy dilution, but non-thermal gravitino production from moduli decay remains a huge problem unless it is kinematically suppressed with mϕ< 2m3/2. In a pedagogical appendix, we present detailed calculations of modulus field two-body decay widths. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We formulate a supersymmetric version of gravity with mimetic dark matter. The coupling of a constrained chiral multiplet to N = 1 supergravity is made locally supersymmetric using the rules of tensor calculus. The chiral multiplet is constrained with a Lagrange multiplier multiplet that could be either a chiral multiplet or a linear multiplet. We obtain the fully supersymmetric Lagrangians in both cases. It is then shown that the system consisting of the supergravity multiplet, the chiral multiplet and the Lagrange multiplier multiplet can break supersymmetry spontaneously leading to a model of a graviton, massive gravitino and two scalar fields representing mimetic dark matter. The combination of the chiral multiplet and Lagrange multiplier multiplet can act as the hidden sector breaking local N = 1 supersymmetry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Possibility of a Right-Handed (RH) neutrino being a Goldstone fermion of a spontaneously broken global U(1) symmetry in a supersymmetric theory is considered. This fermion obtains mass from the supergravity effects leading to a RH neutrino at the electroweak scale with a mass similar to the gravitino mass. A prototype model realizing this scenario contains just three gauge singlet superfields needed for the type I seesaw mechanism. Masses of the other two neutrinos are determined by the U(1) breaking scale which too can be around the electroweak scale. Light neutrinos obtain their masses in this scenario through (a) mixing with the RH neutrinos (type I seesaw), (b) mixing with neutralinos (R-parity breaking), (c) indirectly through mixing of the RH neutrinos with neutralinos, and (d) radiative corrections. All these contributions are described by the same set of a small number of underlying parameters and provide a very constrained and predictive framework for the neutrino masses which is investigated in detail for various choices of U(1) symmetries. It is found that flavour independent U(1) symmetries cannot describe neutrino masses if the soft supersymmetry breaking terms are flavour universal and one needs to consider flavour dependent symmetries. Considering a particular example of Lμ− Lτ symmetry, it is shown that viable neutrino masses and mixing can be obtained without introducing any flavour violation in the soft sector. The leptonic couplings of Majoron are worked out in the model and shown to be consistent with various laboratory, astrophysical and cosmological constraints. The neutrino data allows sizeable couplings between the RH neutrinos and Higgsinos which can be used to probe the pseudo-Goldstone fermion at colliders through its displaced decay vertex. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We conjecture that in a consistent supergravity theory with non-vanishing gravitino mass, the limit m3/2 → 0 is at infinite distance. In particular one can write Mtower ~ m 3 / 2 δ so that as the gravitino mass goes to zero, a tower of KK states as well as emergent strings becomes tensionless. This conjecture may be motivated from the Weak Gravity Conjecture as applied to strings and membranes and implies in turn the AdS Distance Conjecture. We test this proposal in classical 4d type IIA orientifold vacua in which one obtains a range of values 1 3 ≤ δ ≤ 1. The parameter δ is related to the scale decoupling exponent in AdS vacua and to the α exponent in the Swampland Distance Conjecture for the type IIA complex structure. We present a general analysis of the gravitino mass in the limits of moduli space in terms of limiting Mixed Hodge Structures and study in some detail the case of two-moduli F-theory settings. Moreover, we obtain general lower bounds δ ≥ 1 3 , 1 4 for Calabi-Yau threefolds and fourfolds, respectively. The conjecture has important phenomenological implications. In particular we argue that low-energy supersymmetry of order 1 TeV is only obtained if there is a tower of KK states at an intermediate scale, of order 108 GeV. One also has an upper bound for the Hubble constant upon inflation H ≲ m 3 / 2 δ M P 1 − δ . [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Starting from a peculiar orientifold projection proposed long ago by Angelantonj and Cardella, we elaborate on a novel perturbative scenario that involves only D-branes, together with the two types of orientifold planes O± and anti-orientifold planes O ¯ ± . We elucidate the microscopic ingredients of such models, connecting them to a novel realization of brane supersymmetry breaking. Depending on the position of the D-branes in the internal space, supersymmetry can be broken at the string scale on branes, or alternatively only at the massive level. The main novelty of this construction is that it features no NS-NS disk tadpoles, while avoiding open-string instabilities. The one-loop potential, which depends on the positions of the D-branes, is minimized for maximally broken, non-linearly realized supersymmetry. The orientifold projection and the effective field theory description reveal a soft breaking of supersymmetry in the closed-string sector. In such models it is possible to decouple the gravitino mass from the value of the scalar potential, while avoiding brane instabilities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We discuss gauge mediated supersymmetry breaking models which explain the observed muon anomalous magnetic moment and the Higgs boson mass simultaneously. The successful explanation requires the messenger sector which violates the relation motivated by the grand unification theory (GUT). The naive violation of the GUT relation, however, ends up with the CP problem. We propose a model in which the phases of the gaugino masses are aligned despite the violation of the GUT relation. We also consider a model which generates the μ-term and the additional Higgs soft masses squared without causing CP violation. As a result, we find a successful model which explains the muon anomalous magnetic moment and the Higgs boson mass. The model is also free from the CP, flavor-changing neutral current and the lepton flavor violation problems caused by the subdominant gravity mediation effects. The lightest supersymmetric particles are gravitino/goldstini and the next-to-lightest ones are the Wino/Higgsinos in the typical parameter space. We also study the LHC constraints. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Connection of Pauli's principle with the nontrivial structure of the fermion supertime is shown. When supersymmetry is localized as supergravitation, fields of gravitational and exchange interaction carriers arise. The exchange interaction quantum of free fermions, being a superpartner of graviton (gravitino), is interpreted as a paulino – the particle responsible for the effect of mutual avoidance of identical fermions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We propose a new swampland conjecture stating that the limit of vanishing gravitino mass corresponds to the massless limit of an infinite tower of states and to the consequent breakdown of the effective field theory. We test our proposal in large classes of models coming from compactification of string theory to four dimensions, where we identify the Kaluza-Klein nature of the tower of states becoming light. We point out a general relation between the gravitino mass and abelian gauge coupling in models with extended supersymmetry, which can survive also in examples with minimal supersymmetry. This allows us to connect our conjecture to other well established swampland conjectures, such as the weak gravity conjecture or the absence of global symmetries in quantum gravity. We discuss phenomenological implications of our conjecture in (quasi-)de Sitter backgrounds and extract a lower bound for the gravitino mass in terms of the Hubble parameter. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

By extending a previously proposed conformal gauge mediation model, we construct a gauge-mediated SUSY breaking (GMSB) model where a SUSY-breaking scale, a messenger mass, the μ-parameter and the gravitino mass in a minimal supersymmetric (SUSY) Standard Model (MSSM) are all explained by a single mass scale, a R-symmetry breaking scale. We focus on a low scale SUSY-breaking scenario with the gravitino mass m3/2 = O 1 eV , which is free from the cosmological gravitino problem and relaxes the fine-tuning of the cosmological constant. Both the messenger and SUSY-breaking sectors are subject to a hidden strong dynamics with the conformality above the messenger mass threshold (and hence the name of the model "strongly interacting conformal gauge mediation"). In our model, the Higgs B-term is suppressed and a large tan β is predicted, resulting in the relatively light second CP-even Higgs and the CP-odd Higgs with a sizable production cross section. These Higgs bosons can be tested at future LHC experiments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Within the framework of N = 1 anti-de Sitter (AdS) supersymmetry in four dimensions, we derive superspin projection operators (or superprojectors). For a tensor superfield V α m α ⋅ n ≔ V α 1 ... αm α ⋅ 1 ... α ⋅ n on AdS superspace, with m and n non-negative integers, the corresponding superprojector turns V α m α ⋅ n into a multiplet with the properties of a conserved conformal supercurrent. It is demonstrated that the poles of such superprojectors correspond to (partially) massless multiplets, and the associated gauge transformations are derived. We give a systematic discussion of how to realise the unitary and the partially massless representations of the N = 1 AdS4 superalgebra osp (1|4) in terms of on-shell superfields. As an example, we present an off-shell model for the massive gravitino multiplet in AdS4. We also prove that the gauge-invariant actions for superconformal higher-spin multiplets factorise into products of minimal second-order differential operators. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A keV-scale gravitino arising from a minimal supersymmetric (SUSY) Standard Model (MSSM) is an interesting possibility since the small scale problems that the ΛCDM model encounters in the modern cosmology could be alleviated with the keV-scale gravitino serving as the warm dark matter (WDM). Such a light gravitino asks for a low scale supersymmetry (SUSY) breaking for which the gauge mediation (GM) is required as a consistent SUSY-breaking mediation mechanism. In this paper, we show upper bounds of the masses of the second CP-even Higgs boson H and the CP-odd Higgs boson A, assuming the keV-scale gravitino to be responsible for the current DM relic abundance: the upper bound on the mass of H/A is found to be ∼ 4 TeV for the gravitino mass of O 10 − 100 keV. Interestingly, the mass of H/A can be as small as 2–3 TeV and the predicted tan β is as large as 55–60 for the gravitino mass of O 10 keV. This will be tested in the near future Large Hadron Collider (LHC) experiments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Using Exceptional Field Theory, we determine the infinite-dimensional mass matrices for the gravitino and spin-1/2 Kaluza-Klein perturbations above a class of anti-de Sitter solutions of M-theory and massive type IIA string theory with topologically-spherical internal spaces. We then use these mass matrices to compute the spectrum of Kaluza-Klein fermions about some solutions in this class with internal symmetry groups containing SU(3). Combining these results with previously known bosonic sectors of the spectra, we give the complete spectrum about some N = 1 and some non-supersymmetric solutions in this class. The complete spectra are shown to enjoy certain generic features. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We point out the peculiar form of the gravitational wave signal expected from a gas of particles carry spin-3/2 produced during preheating. Given the very few ways that gravitinos can manifest themselves in an experimentally observable way, we stress the importance of improving the sensitivity of ultrahigh frequency detectors in the future. This review is based on work that appeared in Ref. 1. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We show that a gravitational interaction between the derivative of the Ricci scalar curvature and the baryon-number current dynamically breaks CPT in an expanding universe and, combined with baryon-number-violating interactions, can drive the universe towards an equilibrium baryon asymmetry that is observationally acceptable.

We investigate unparticle physics with supersymmetry (SUSY). The SUSY breaking effects due to the gravity mediation induce soft masses for the SUSY unparticles and hence break the conformal invariance. The unparticle physics observable in near future experiments is only consistent if the SUSY breaking effects from the hidden sector to the standard model sector are dominated by the gauge mediation, or if the SUSY breaking effects to the unparticle sector are sufficiently sequestered. We argue that the natural realization of the latter possibility is the conformal sequestering scenario.

In several elementary particle scenarios, self-dual fields emerge as fundamental degrees of freedom. Some examples are the D = 2 chiral boson, D = 10 Type IIB supergravity, and D = 6 chiral tensor multiplet theory. For those models, a novel variational principle has been proposed in the work of Ashoke Sen. The coupling to supergravity of self-dual models in that new framework is rather peculiar to guarantee the decoupling of unphysical degrees of freedom. We generalize this technique to the self-dual super Maxwell gauge theory in D = 4 Euclidean spacetime both in the component formalism and the superspace. We use the geometric tools of rheonomy and integral forms since they are very powerful geometrical techniques for the extension to supergravity. We show the equivalence between the two formulations by choosing a different integral form defined using a Picture Changing Operator. That leads to a meaningful action functional for the variational equations. In addition, we couple the model to a non-dynamical gravitino to extend the analysis slightly beyond the free case. A full-fledged self-dual supergravity analysis will be presented elsewhere. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We make use of swampland conjectures to explore the phenomenology of neutrino-modulino mixing in regions of the parameter space that are within the sensitivity of experiments at the CERN's Forward Physics Facility (FPF). We adopt the working assumption of Dirac mass terms which couple left- and right-handed neutrinos. We further assume that the 3 right-handed neutrinos are 0-modes of bulk 5-dimensional states in the dark dimension, a novel scenario which has a compact space with characteristic length-scale in the micron range that produces a natural suppression of the 4-dimensional Yukawa couplings, yielding naturally light Dirac neutrinos. We formulate a specific realization of models with high-scale supersymmetry breaking that can host a rather heavy gravitino (m 3 / 2 ∼ 250 TeV) and a modulino with mass scale (m 4 ∼ 50 eV) within the FPF discovery reach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The gravitational interactions of elementary particles are suppressed by the Planck scale M* ∼ 1018 GeV and are typically expected to be far too weak to be probed by experiments. We show that, contrary to conventional wisdom, such interactions may be studied by particle physics experiments in the next few years. As all example, we consider conventional supergravity with a stable gravitino as the lightest super-symmetric particle. The next-lightest supersymmetric particle (NLSP) decays to the gravitino through gravitational interactions after about a year. This lifetime can be measured by stopping NLSPs at colliders and observing their decays. Such studies will yield a measurement of Newton's gravitational constant on unprecedentedly small scales, shed light on dark matter, and provide a window on the early universe. © World Scientific Publishing Company.

In higher-dimensional supersymmetric theories gauge couplings of the effective four-dimensional theory are determined by expectation values of scalar fields. We find that at temperatures above a critical temperature T*, which depends on the supersymmetry breaking mass scales, gauge couplings decrease like T-α, α > 1. This has important cosmological consequences. In particular it leads to a relic gravitino density which becomes independent of the reheating temperature for TR > T*. For small gravitino masses, m3/2 ≪ mg̃, the mass density of stable gravitinos is essentially determined by the gluino mass. The observed value of cold dark matter, ΩCDMh2 ∼ 0.1, is obtained for gluino masses mg̃ = script O sign (1 TeV). © 2003 Published by Elsevier B.V.

The Dark Side of the Universe, which includes the cosmological inflation in the early Universe, the current dark energy and dark matter, can be theoretically described by supergravity, though it is non-trivial. We recall the arguments pro and contra supersymmetry and supergravity, and define the viable supergravity models describing the Dark Side of the Universe in agreement with all current observations. Our approach to inflation is based on the Starobinsky model, the dark energy is identified with the positive cosmological constant (de Sitter vacuum), and the dark matter particle is given by the lightest superparticle identified with the supermassive gravitino. The key role is played by spontaneous supersymmetry breaking. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We construct the Horndeski Lagrangian within non-linearly realized super- gravity. We will show that the bosonic part of the Horndeski Lagrangian can be realized. Gravitino naturally couples to Horndeski sector in a super-covariant way. Such gravitino couplings are also free from ghosts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We study some analytical and geometric properties of a two-dimensional nonlinear sigma model with gravitino which comes from super-symmetric string theory. When the action is critical w.r.t. variations of the various fields including the gravitino, there is a symmetric, traceless, and divergence-free energy-momentum tensor, which gives rise to a holomorphic quadratic differential. Using it we obtain a Pohozaev type identity and finally we can establish the energy identities along a weakly convergent sequence of fields with uniformly bounded energies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In Type IIB flux compactification realizing the metastable de Sitter (dS) vacuum, the uplift potential can be generated by D3 ‾ -branes at the tip of Klebanov-Strassler throat. Then the uplift potential obeys the scaling law with respect to the tower mass scale m sc , which can be the Kaluza-Klein (KK) mass scale associated with the throat containing D3 ‾ -branes or the bulk tower mass scales, depending on the warping of the throat. On the other hand, in the presence of another throat of stronger warping, the KK mass scale associated with this throat is lower than m sc. Nevertheless, the Higuchi bound and the condition that the tower mass scale is higher than the gravitino mass provide the upper bound on m sc determined by the lowest tower mass scale (or gravitino mass). This bound also can be interpreted as the lower bound on the lowest tower mass scale determined by m sc. We investigate this bound in detail when the throat containing D3 ‾ -branes is strongly and weakly warped, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We develop a general formalism of duality rotations for N -extended superconformal gauge multiplets in conformally flat backgrounds as an extension of the approach given in arXiv:2107.02001. Additionally, we construct U (1) duality-invariant models for the N = 2 superconformal gravitino multiplet recently described in arXiv:2305.16029. Each of them is automatically self-dual with respect to a superfield Legendre transformation. A method is proposed to generate such self-dual models, including a family of superconformal theories. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, using a frame-like gauge invariant formulation of the massive higher spin bosons and fermions, we develop a direct construction of the completely off-shell cubic vertices describing an interaction of the massless gravitino with the massive higher spin supermultiplets. To achieve the invariance under the local supersymmetry we introduce all necessary supertransformations (both for the physical as well as for the auxiliary fields) and thus all the supercurrents constructed are conserved on-shell. As an illustration of the technique used we present some lower superspin examples and then we consider the arbitrary superspin. We also check that the whole construction is completely consistent with all bosonic and fermionic gauge symmetries of the fields entering the supermultiplets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]