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This article investigates the role of social media platforms in the visual representation of the Bucha massacre perpetrated by Russian forces during the aggression against Ukraine in 2022. By considering the interconnectedness of the online and offline spheres, the authors explore the impact of social media on the coverage of the massacre. The study focuses on a comprehensive analysis of 6,185 images disseminated on Twitter, Facebook and Instagram between 29 March and 15 September 2022. Through an analysis of the intricate dynamics between war crimes, visual representations and social media platforms, the article invites contemplation on how digital artifacts shape our collective understanding of historical atrocities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of VLC Arquitectura is the property of VLC Arquitectura and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The Andes mountains have been occupied for thousands of years, but the current representation we have of them today is just 500 hundred years old. It was the chroniclers, explorers, conquerors, geographers, and other researchers who, merging their observations and experiences with indigenous stories, shaped the geographical imagination of the Andes. This paper aims to reconstruct that process, starting from the 16th century until the mid-19th century, when the mountain range reached a peak in the geographical imaginary of the world; an imaginary based in a view of totality of nature-society relation. Based on elements derived from humanist geography regarding geographical imagination and representation, the matter is to be developed in three parts: first, a chapter about the initial invention of the Andes perceived from 'over there' that includes the construction of the Andean imaginary of the xvi century; a second section on the transformation of that imaginary in the 18th century; and a chapter that discusses the creation of a nineteenth-century geographical representation largely defined by the extraordinary work of Alexander von Humboldt. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper has tried to explain the importance of the general and special principles in logo design. The study was realized on a lot of logos to understand when a designer could use the principles to create wonderful graphic representations. It is about symmetry, asymmetry, proportion, rhythm and harmony, substitution, juxtaposition, using different geometric shapes, lines, curves, silhouettes and stylizations, mirror and illustrative representation and so on. We have explained how to use graphic representations in some fields of activity and to choose the best symbol for a company/university etc. And, of course, it was a significant part about the redesign working. This paper presents a few interpretations and conclusions concerning the design principles applied for logos. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study focused on the impact of using augmented reality (AR) in teaching mathematics to tenth-grade students in the 2022-2023 academic year. The sample consisted of 70 students from schools in the city of Amman, who were divided into 35 students in the experimental group and 35 students in the control group. The researcher utilized the quasi-experimental method and collected data through questionnaires and testing tools. Data were statistically analyzed using the MANOVA test, outcome analysis techniques, and GLM test. The results indicate the quality of virtual reality (VR). Students' ability to process data improved by 94% in the experimental group and 88% in the control group. The experimental group demonstrated an effective contribution of 97% in improving graphic representation ability, while the control group showed a contribution of 92%. The study relied on the descriptive-analytical method. The study concluded that AR technology and its usage have become largely dependent on preparing technical and material requirements. It also highlighted that this technology aids students in learning scientific facts, concepts, and instructions in an easy and effective manner. The results indicate the necessity of expanding scientific research and studies on the advantages and disadvantages of AR technology and its optimal utilization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Cuadernos del Centro de Estudios de Diseño y Comunicación is the property of Cuadernos del Centro de Estudios de Diseno y Comunicacion and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The identical reconstruction of the timber framework of the roof of Notre-Dame cathedral in Paris has necessitated traditional techniques, leading sometimes to their rediscovery. One of the most important of these rediscoveries concerns technical drawings, graphic representations, but these have not been much publicised, largely because of their complexity. But this use of graphic representations was particularly vital for the reconstruction of the spire of the cathedral, an element of considerable complexity at the centre of discussions between carpenters, architects and engineering consultants. Their use drew attention to the difficulties and paradoxes of reproducing a structure in identical form but still respecting the obligations of contemporary society for example in relation to health and security. Circulating between the different professionals and their particular issues, the graphic representation of the spire of Notre-Dame also circulated between generations. In order to draw it up, it was necessary to go back to the archives of Viollet-le-Duc and to the Bellu firm. One of its carpenters, Henri Georges, a ‘compagnon’ known as ‘Angevin l’enfant du genie’, constructed the original spire. Another graphic representation was provided by a 1970s survey carried out by three trainee compagnon-carpenters who made a model of the spire as part of their reception. But, through the logics of the construction of the spire, what was transmitted between the generations was more than mere skill, perhaps, above all, a state of mind, a system of values, a conception of what work means.

This paper has tried to explain the importance of the general and special principles in logo design. The study was realized on a lot of logos to understand when a designer could use the principles to create wonderful graphic representations. It is about symmetry, asymmetry, proportion, rhythm and harmony, substitution, juxtaposition, using different geometric shapes, lines, curves, silhouettes and stylizations, mirror and illustrative representation and so on. We have explained how to use graphic representations in some fields of activity and to choose the best symbol for a company/university etc. And, of course, it was a significant part about the redesign working. This paper presents a few interpretations and conclusions concerning the design principles applied for logos.

The article retrospectively examines the genesis of theoretical and law enforcement issues, legislative and other regulatory frameworks relating to forensic examination of written language and handwriting with a view to improving them and further prospects for their use in forensic science and forensic examination. The genesis of the emergence and introduction of the first state, international, religious, economic and other types of documents, methods and types of their execution and registration, and the improvement of the historical documentary system in our country and the persons who could execute them in various fields of use in the country and in ensuring the vital activity of the population, as well as the mechanism of the first identification actions with this category of writing and handwriting are investigated. The role, essence and significance of written language, handwriting and documentary studies in their historical aspect in terms of formation, improvement and use in establishing and identifying the person who executed a certain document or written text are determined. Separate objectives have been identified to improve knowledge, including subculture and skills, on the detection, establishment and preparation for forensic examination of written language and handwriting by detectives, investigators, forensic specialists, experts, prosecutors, investigating judges and court personnel, taking into account the requirements of the time regarding the use by criminals of documents made both by conventional means and with the help of computer equipment, the Internet, mobile communications, as well as other modern telecommunications achievements and digitalisation of the pre-trial process. The article investigates the peculiarities of forensic methods of examination of written language and handwriting objects to be taken into account by officials who, in particular, conduct pre-trial investigation of criminal offences committed with the use of ordinary or forged written documents, handwriting forgery, and other criminal methods of their use with a view to qualitative preparation and conduct of relevant handwriting and authenticity examinations. Based on the results of the study, the author's scientific positions and ways of solving the existing problematic issues have been developed.

Genetic and biological analogy as a means of inspiration in the design process and, particularly, its use as conceptual grounds for the birth of the architectural project encompasses processes extending from metaphor to design techniques and graphic processes using evolutive algorithms and parametric design. Regarding the architectural modelling, the use of those algorithms develops in parallel to advances in artificial intelligence and life. To know of current advances of developments based on genetics, a chronological evolution is presented linked to its analogy in architecture. As architectural models based on those processes, the proposals of Biocentrum by Peter Eisenman and The Winton Gallery by Zaha Hadid are analysed. These are rooted on maths and algorithms and their ideation process becomes the goal of the architectural project. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article compares two representative approaches to the description of dependency syntax: Šmilauer's syntax for Czech (1947) and Tesnière's structural syntax focused on syntax in general (1959). Similarities and differences between the two leading representatives of modern syntax are the object of comparison. The degree of general knowledge of Tesnière's approach in the Czech environment is considered in the works of Šmilauer before Tesnière's most comprehensive work was published. Both authors use graphic means to capture the syntactic structure of a sentence, called stemmata by Tesnière. Both authors, however, differ in their conception of the central sentence pair of syntactic structure: subject and predicate. While Šmilauer considers the subject to be the basic source of agreement for the predicate, for Tesnière the subject is one of the members dependent on the verb (in the same vein as the objects or adverbials). This approach then led Tesnière to introduce the notion of verbal valency reflecting the necessary participants in the action expressed by the verb. Both authors also differ in their representation of the order of words in the graphic representation: Šmilauer respects the surface order of words in the sentence structure, while Tesnière mostly places the actants to the left of the governing verb and the circumstants to the right. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Pixo: Revista de Arquitetura Cidade e Contemporaneidade is the property of Pixo Revista de Arquitetura Cidade e Contemporaneidade and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Romanian Journal of Intellectual Property Law / Revista Română de Dreptul Proprietăţii Intelectuale is the property of Universul Juridic Publishing House and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

As a way of managing the growing volume and complexity of information that circulates today, graphic representations are increasingly used to add meaning to the information presented in the media, through efficient communication design. The visual culture itself, driven by technological evolution, has been redefining the forms of communication, which is why contemporary visual communication represents a great impact on society. This article presents the results and the comparative analysis of four Iberian press publications, focusing on the formal aspects of the newspapers and the space they dedicate to the different communicative elements. For this, two Portuguese and two Spanish newspapers were selected. The results indicated that the newspapers show a similarity in the use of graphic solutions, which corroborates a visual trend in communication design. The results also reveal that Spanish newspapers are more careful with graphic consistency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations are important tools for studying the dynamic motions of macromolecules at the atomic level. With the increasing capabilities of high performance computing, MD simulations are becoming more widely used. This allows molecular modelers to simulate the molecular behavior of large molecular architectures for much longer trajectories. Appropriate visualization of MD trajectories is becoming essential to provide an immediate and intuitive understanding of a molecule's dynamics and function. In this study, we implement a novel 3D graphical representation, Dynamical Sheets Helper for RepresentAtion of SurfAce Descriptors (Dy-SheHeRASADe), to visualize the β sheet secondary structures of proteins in the context of molecular dynamics. Dy-SheHeRASADe is developed in UnityMol, an open source molecular viewer and prototyping platform. We considered β sheet fluctuations and hydrogen bond formation during molecular dynamics simulations to characterize the parts of β sheets with large motions or with labile bonds. We propose two visualization modes based on a surface representation of the β sheets calculated according to the positions of the α carbons and the hydrogen bonds between the β strands. The volumetric mode, in which this surface is enclosed in a semi-transparent volume that represents the fluctuation zone of the sheet during dynamics. The heatmap mode, in which the surface is colored according to the amplitude values of the α carbons. In addition, we quantify the β sheet fluctuations by displaying the values of the largest and smallest movements of the β sheets, the surface area of the sheets, and the number of hydrogen bonds. [Display omitted] • 3D graphical representation to visualize β sheets from molecular dynamics simulation. • Considering β sheet fluctuations and hydrogen bond formation. • Easily characterize parts of β -sheets with large motions or with labile bonds. • β sheets surface representation calculated according to the hydrogen bonds. • Quantification the β sheet fluctuations: movements, surface and hydrogen bonds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The authors state that in a certain sense the learning problems of different groups of students (healthy and auditory impaired) are similar and can be solved by common pedagogical methods. The article presents the ways of integration of pedagogical technologies developedfor healthy and hearing-impaired students. This integration can ensure the system educational effect and enables to raise the graduates’ competence level. In particular the authors suggest using method of mind maps and concept maps.

Copyright of Cuadernos del Centro de Estudios de Diseño y Comunicación is the property of Cuadernos del Centro de Estudios de Diseno y Comunicacion and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Understanding how the COVID-19 pandemic has been visually represented in both scientific diagrams and in non-scientific expressions, such as quickly propagating memes, both on a local and global scale, offers a glimpse of the ways in which the pandemic has been perceived and socially appropriated by diverse online audiences. In addition to analyzing the particularities of digital media and their ability to cross borders, an interdisciplinary perspective based on visual analysis and close looking—as seen through the scrutinizing eye of art history, in tandem with the double lens of microbiology and physics—provides a fresh outlook on the phenomenon of representation as a human form of engaging and coming to terms with a critical historical event, in particular, one that is triggered by an invisible phenomenon, a virus. Furthermore, a historical sense of the ways in which earlier pandemics have been represented provides a comparative lens for better understanding the specific situation of this particular pandemic and its unique iconography. Finally, a contrast between global and local forms of representation and circulation, by providing some specific examples from Colombia, one of the countries with the highest number of cases, underlines the ways in which imagery is infused with political connotations, with the power to both inform and disinform, depending on its use and context.

Applying a statistical test to check statistical assumptions offers a positive or negative response regarding the veracity of the issued hypothesis. In case of variance analysis it’s necessary to apply a post hoc test to determine differences within the group. Statistical estimation using confidence levels provides more information than a statistical test, it shows the high degree of uncertainty resulting from small samples and builds conclusions in terms of "marginally significant" or "almost significant (p being close to 0,05) . The case study shows how the statistical estimation completes the application form the analysis of variance test and Tukey test.

The Ordenanzas municipales de la ciudad de Granada published in 1904 was a modern normative document specifying the mandatory chromatic directives for architectural plans submited when requesting a building license. This code stems from the separa mid-19 century of the Degree of Architecture from the Faculty of Fine Arts, which led to the normalization of graphic codes and the necessity of acquiring precise technical knowledge. The current study, based on searches in public archives for chromatic codes relative to architectural interventions, intends not only to explore their role in accurately depicting the reality of the images, but to shed light both on the economy of means deriving from Granada's 19h-century bourgeois transformation and the origins of monumetal restorartion, a young discipline that was to emerge in the first third of the 20th century. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of CIVILIZAR: Ciencias Sociales y Humanas is the property of Universidad Sergio Arboleda and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

We live in a world where visuals are becoming very important, as most information is presented as a combination of words and pictures which provide the opportunity to create concrete and abstract ideas for reading through the formation of images in the mind. Everything in the world is a photo. The written (text) is a photo, and the photo represents a text. Visual literacy is the ability to use images to construct meaning. The advantages of symbols have long been recognized, which is why we are increasingly incorporating symbolic teaching and learning today. Using words and images allows the thought process to be visible, that is, it allows us to put ideas on paper, out of the brain, where we can explore them more deeply. Since visualization is considered a factor that directly affects the level of understanding and retention of students’ attention, many remarks addressed the inclusion of this component in the preliminary books. To gather experience and findings about the impact of the inclusion of images and visual representations on the attention of students, a questionnaire was carried out with teachers who worked in the lower primary cycle. However, since the research problem has to do with the positive impact of these visual shows on maintaining the students' attention, direct observation of the students was also carried out. The research will reveal data and qualitative analysis obtained from the observation of students of the lower primary cycle of two schools in the cities of Tetovo, Skopje, Gostivar, and Kiçevo, one of which is a school in the city and one in the village. The retention of students' attention has been compared using books that are supported by visual and contrasting images. The data collected from the statements collected from the questionnaires and qualitative data collected from the observation are analyzed with statistical procedures and methods. The arithmetic mean was used to describe the quantitative data obtained from this research. To measure the variability of the data, the standard deviation measure was used, a t-test of statistical significance and ANOVA were used to determine the differences between the groups, while the Pearson correlation coefficient was used to determine the relationship between the variables. The results obtained about this complicated and active act, prompt many questions, but also support many conclusions that cause different associations and suggest many solutions presented in the relevant research in the form of suggestions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Federal University of Rio de Janeiro campus has the privilege of having two projects from the most important Brazilian landscape designer, Roberto Burle Marx. This paper is part of a broader research aiming at the preservation and restoration of Burle Marx's landscape project for the Faculty of Architecture and Urbanism, acknowledging its relevance as a heritage which represents part of his scholarly legacy for the city of Rio de Janeiro. For this paper, the research explores the didactic potential of the trees and palms listed for the original landscape project, recognizing their value as a laboratory for architecture students. It looks at the graphic representation of the original landscape project, in which concepts and techniques of visual rhetoric were applied to help in the design of a graphic repertoire for the presentation of Burle Marx's work. The study brings forward a set of information in a new way, concerning the trees and palms listed in the original project. This new graphic representation enables the framing of an exploratory environment, whose visualization of botanical information becomes a tool from which students can analyze, interpret and produce new meanings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

References to mass housing complexes tend to balance between their generally unknown realities and the pervasive power of their representations. These are often nourished by emotional experiences conveyed by words and images in mass media and political discourse - especially when it comes to ghettos or problematic suburbs - and multiple arrays of commercial, documentary, and fictional depictions of everyday realities or aspirational imaginaries. Complementarity, different media types entered middle- and lower-class houses, rendering these mediations bidirectional by progressively conquering their place in the domestic scene. Besides, the history of access to housing runs parallel and often intertwined with the history of media, rendering mass housing an object of mass media and a pop culture subject, entangling different and often contradictory representations. Simultaneously the country of bande dessinée and the crisis of the banlieues, France is a particularly revealing example. Since the mid-1960s, comic strips acquired a special status in French society that rendered it an accurate cultural barometer of its culture. Alongside, France extensively built social housing estates in the outskirts of its major cities throughout Les Trente Glorieuses. As a result, these grands ensembles often became highly stigmatised and mediatised places with their bars and towers, frequently depicted in cinema, literature, comic strips, and other art forms. This paper aims to discuss the state of the art of the presence of social housing estates in French comics and present an array of comic books - produced since the 1970s - that depict these architectures and illustrate their social questions. These examples reveal the qualities and expose the contradictions of comics and the seductive power of the medium to explore the urban context of the banlieue, either when narrating its dystopic and violent environments or when enhancing the anthropological and visual qualities of these suburban settings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article aims to analyze the development and treatment of non-traditional trademarks in different countries by using a comparative study method and a documentary technique. Thus, identifying the common motives and difficulties for their full use as a trademark. This is relevant to studying the different criteria that have been found and choosing the most appropriate and practical ones to reinforce their use in Ecuador.

The use of web 2.0 and social digital networks encourages the upsurge of data visualization that is often attractive and pleasant to watch. We can therefore see embellishment practices, even if the pioneers of information visualization such as Jacques Bertin and Edward Tufte advocate simplicity and minimalism in graphical representations. Yet cognitive scientist Donald A. Norman talks about the emotional design. According to him, attractive things work better because they stimulate greater pleasure in use. The downside is that his theory concerns material objects. In this context, forty semi-directive interviews were conducted in laboratory experiments, exposing individuals to different types of data visualizations. Their analysis shows that the characteristics of emotional design appear in the participants’ speeches. This article attempts to apply emotional design to data visualization in order to bring more nuances to minimalist precautions in terms of data visualization design.

References to mass housing complexes tend to balance between their generally unknown realities and the pervasive power of their representations. These are often nourished by emotional experiences conveyed by words and images in mass media and political discourse – especially when it comes to ghettos or problematic suburbs – and multiple arrays of commercial, documentary, and fictional depictions of everyday realities or aspirational imaginaries. Complementarily, different media types entered middle- and lower-class houses, rendering these mediations bidirectional by progressively conquering their place in the domestic scene. Besides, the history of access to housing runs parallel and often intertwined with the history of media, rendering mass housing an object of mass media and a pop culture subject, entangling different and often contradictory representations.Simultaneously the country of bande dessinée and the crisis of the banlieues, France is a particularly revealing example. Since the mid-1960s, comic strips acquired a special status in French society that rendered it an accurate cultural barometer of its culture. Alongside, France extensively built social housing estates in the outskirts of its major cities throughout Les Trente Glorieuses. As a result, these grands ensembles often became highly stigmatised and mediatised places with their bars and towers, frequently depicted in cinema, literature, comic strips, and other art forms.This paper aims to discuss the state of the art of the presence of social housing estates in French comics and present an array of comic books – produced since the 1970s – that depict these architectures and illustrate their social questions. These examples reveal the qualities and expose the contradictions of comics and the seductive power of the medium to explore the urban context of the banlieue, either when narrating its dystopic and violent environments or when enhancing the anthropological and visual qualities of these suburban settings.

The linear landscape has historically been rendered in pictures that show a continuous river, a road or train tracks, or by elevations and views depicting a developed space. The problem of presenting such extensive spaces has generated multiple forms of visualisation which comprise a heterogeneous whole. In this article, different modes of presenting the linear landscape are classified according to viewing dynamics and the role of the observer. Changes affecting the roles played by the author, presenter and observer in the various processes described are also examined. The ability to view these spaces through new 3D representation and viewing techniques is addressed, along with the purpose of the author's interpretation in these procedures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Historically most applications of electrical circuits were realized using vacuum valves. In this work we examine the role of students’ illusion in the understanding of graphic representations in an electrical workshop, and, particularly the triode valve. We observe that students who examine graphic representations of valves often end up with erroneous conclusions as regards their operation because of the illusion of proportionality. Thus, also for vacuum valves, the students apply a linear correlation in all situations without exception, which fulfills certain informal “pre-conditions.” [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper is focused to analyze a book cover using principles of advertising design, namely: conception unity, structure harmony, reception order, composition balance, contrast and hierarchy of information. The authors consider that a book cover is an advertisement because it has to realize the AIDA concept. It is about graphic design where the image and the title have an important role in selling a book. The target of the study (only a part of it is in the paper) was to answer to a few questions which will be defined in this paper. In our study we have identified a lot of different cover designs used by various publishing houses. We have analyzed the impact of colours, typography and scale to create order, balance and hierarchy to an adequate cover. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper is focused to analyze a book cover using principles of advertising design, namely: conception unity, structure harmony, reception order, composition balance, contrast and hierarchy of information. The authors consider that a book cover is an advertisement because it has to realize the AIDA concept. It is about graphic design where the image and the title have an important role in selling a book. The target of the study (only a part of it is in the paper) was to answer to a few questions which will be defined in this paper. In our study we have identified a lot of different cover designs used by various publishing houses. We have analyzed the impact of colours, typography and scale to create order, balance and hierarchy to an adequate cover.

Form representation is essential for any area that involves the creation of artefacts, since without it the project is just an idea in the mental field. In general terms, it is the ability to perceive and understand shapes and represent them through perspectives and orthographic views, as well as through models and geometric models. Given the issues raised, it is possible to understand the importance of knowledge related to the graphic representation of architecture for professionals involved with the Aeco Industry (Architecture, Engineering, Construction and Operation) and, also the relevance of graphic geometry disciplines on the development of Visiographic Three-dimensional Capacity. So, this paper aims to investigate the impact caused by the use of traditional and digital media in the teaching of graphic representation. To this end, two groups of students were compared, one exposed to the use of both media - analogic and digital - and another that used just digital media. From the application of questionnaires, it was possible to identify the student’s profile, their preferences of media and difficulties encountered. The work presumes that students exposed to more disciplines of graphic geometry will have less difficulties compared to those who had less contact. The main results indicated that: there is a preference, in both groups, for digital media to perform practical activities; the need to adapt the content to each specific engineering and that the most significant difficulties were related to work management, regardless of the media used.