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Copyright of Revista Foco (Interdisciplinary Studies Journal) is the property of Revista Foco and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objetivou-se avaliar as características físicas de quatro rações comerciais (B, M, N e S) obtidas de dezesseis propriedades piscícolas, categoria engorda com 28% de proteína bruta. Foram avaliados resistência física (RF), lixiviação da matéria seca (LMS), tempo máximo de flutuação (TMF), tempo máximo de impermeabilização (TMI), tempo de turgidez máxima (TTM), tempo máximo de agregação (TMA), granulometria (GRA) e uniformidade (UNI). Observou-se que, para RF, TMI, TTM e LMS as rações não diferiram (P>0,05) e os valores variaram de 96,9 a 98,6%; 4,50 a 240,0 segundos (s); 180,0 a 930,0s e 7,4 a 10,1%, respectivamente. Para TMF, TMA, GRA e UNI verificou-se diferença entre as rações (P

The purpose of the work was to characterize, from the chemical, physical, granulometric and mineralogical point of view, an industrial residue of calcium hydroxide generated in the acetylene manufacturing process. Samples were first analyzed without neutralization; then the same procedure was performed using 98 % purity sulphuric acid. For both cases, the heating temperatures used were 500 °C and 900 °C. To identify the phases, diffraction patterns were obtained using copper radiation source (CuKa, 1 = 1.5418 Å). It was determined that residual contains CaO and MgO, which guarantees its purity; heated at 500 °C, and without neutralizing, calcium hydroxide is transformed and there is loss of water and carbonate at 900 °C. In both untreated and neutralized waste, calcium hydroxide is present. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Currently, the traditional mix design fails to adequately optimize the times involved. Therefore, it is proposed to use the neural network method to improve efficiency in terms of time and access to difficult places, as well as transport to the laboratory. The main objective is to apply deep learning techniques to evaluate the quality of a quarry aggregate and determine if it meets the specifications required for its specific use, in accordance with current regulations. The methodology consisted of collecting 20 images per sample, obtaining the granulometry analysis, 2 quarries from the department of Junín Satipo (Sonomoro and Llaylla) and 1 quarry from the department of Cusco (Vicho) were considered, with a total of 13 samples, in The present article carried out is located within a type of experimental research with a quantitative approach. The results were obtained through the execution of the Yolo algorithm, with image detection, obtaining 93.20%, according to the Peruvian technical standard (NTP 400.12, 2001), with a standard deviation of 0.96%. The algorithm was trained according to the sieves given in the Peruvian technical standard (NTP 350.001, 1970). In conclusion, the use of the algorithm in the data analysis has allowed to significantly reduce the time required to carry out the physical evaluation and has effectively improved the study of the aggregate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The absence of specifications for the granulometry a quarry must produce causes a serious problem, making it difficult for quarries to adjust their processes to produce within the range required by clients, and for costumers, making it a difficult process to design asphalt mixes and concretes that conform to the granulometric curves established in regulations. It is essential to develop limit granulometric curves for quarries, adapted to customer requirements. In this paper, a methodology for granulometric control in the quarry is proposed, which includes the collection of process information, the preparation of control charts and the process capability analysis according to the established specifications. Moreover, an example of the development of limit granulometric curves is proposed for the quarry under study located in Argentina, in the province of Buenos Aires, which would allow to produce aggregates whose granulometry can be used in asphalt mixes CAC D19 and concrete pavements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Se realizó una investigación retrospectiva – prospectiva, para establecer un índice de calidad de los suelos (ICS) de la región de los Ríos (RR) en Tabasco, México y su modelación con la tecnología de infrarrojo cercano (NIR) y la quimiometría. Con la relación MO / (arcilla + limo) se estableció el ICS para evaluar los suelos Cambisoles de la RR. El porcentaje de MO y el ICS fueron comparados para definir el mejor calificador de la calidad de los suelos. Con base en el ICS, el 58% de los suelos de la RR presentan degradación, mientras que, solo el 14% de los suelos indican que presentan baja concentración de MO. Por lo que se concluye que el ICS es más sensible para cuantificar la degradación de los suelos cuando se comparó con la evaluación basada en la MO. Se recomienda un programa de manejo sostenible del suelo y prácticas edafológicas adaptadas a las condiciones locales, ambientales, sociales y económicas, para incrementar la MO y mejorar el ICS. Con el ICS se estableció un modelo de clasificación mediante espectroscopía de infrarrojo cercano y quimiometría. Se registraron los espectros de cada muestra de suelo y mediante interpretación quimiométrica se demostró que es posible establecer un modelo de análisis discriminante por mínimos cuadrados parciales (PLS-DA) para predecir el ICS. El modelo cumple con todos los calificadores estadísticos y predice correctamente el ICS en el 100% de los casos. Se concluye que la tecnología NIR genera información suficiente para predecir el ICS; con la ventaja de, eliminar el consumo de reactivos, no se generan residuos de laboratorio, se reduce el tiempo de análisis a minutos y no se destruye la muestra en estudio. Y solo se necesita secar, moler y tamizar las muestras de suelos para evaluar la calidad estructural de suelos.

La cultura Lima se desarrolló entre los años 200 y 700 DC entre los valles de Chanchay y Lurín en Perú. Tuvieron varios centros gubernamentales y ceremoniales, entre ellos el complejo arquitectónico conocido como la Huaca Pucllana, ubicado en Lima, el cual se edificó y habitó entre los años 450 y 700 DC. La construcción fue constante durante los años de actividad, generándose ampliaciones y modificaciones en las estructuras. Para esto se usó como unidad de construcción principal a los adobes, elaborados de forma artesanal en grandes cantidades. Es por ello, y a fin de estudiar la composición de las unidades de adobe se llevó un grupo de estos al Laboratorio de Mecánica de Suelos de la Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina. Las unidades se sometieron a tres tipos de análisis: resistencia a la compresión no confinada, granulometría y contenido de materia orgánica. El propósito de estas pruebas radica en la necesidad de conocer y entender las proporciones de partículas de suelo usadas en la elaboración de adobes, así como las calidades de bloques obtenidas a lo largo del período de uso de la huaca. En la fase de experimentación se aplicaron ensayos de laboratorio normados pero adaptados a este tipo de adobes considerándolos como suelo. Los resultados encontrados muestran una variación de calidades según la antigüedad de cada bloque lo que podría ser un parámetro a tomar en cuenta al momento de estudiar los indicadores del esplendor y decadencia de los pobladores de la Huaca Pucllana. Por otro lado, los resultados podrán ayudar en lo referente a las actividades de conservación y protección del complejo frente a los agentes climáticos. Finalmente, es importante destacar que la investigación se elaboró por un equipo multidisciplinario compuesto por arqueólogos y un ingeniero agrícola. Gracias al intercambio de conocimientos, experiencias y diferentes puntos de vista se ofrece un panorama más amplio de la construcción en el antiguo Perú.

En Costa Rica, la normativa de mayor empleo en materia de especificaciones para valorar la calidad de los agregados para concreto hidráulico, corresponde a la de la Sociedad Americana de Pruebas y Materiales (ASTM, por sus siglas en inglés), las cuales constituyen la base de las normas del Instituto de Normas Técnicas de Costa Rica (INTECO). Por ende, los requerimientos de graduación de los agregados que se sigue en el país provienen de la norma ASTM C33 Especificación normalizada para agregados para concreto (INTE C15:2014). Para el diseño de mezclas, esta norma proporciona especificaciones granulométricas para tamaños máximos nominales de 90 mm, 63 mm, 50 mm, 37,5 mm, 25 mm, 19 mm, 12,7 mm y 9,5 mm. No obstante, en estudios recientes, Hernández (2018) y Delgado (2018), utilizaron un agregado con tamaño máximo nominal de 16 mm en la elaboración de concreto hidráulico para obtener curvas estándar de desarrollo de resistencia para diferentes tipos de cemento portland que se comercializan en el país. En sus trabajos, tanto Hernández como Delgado, utilizaron agregado grueso de río y agregado grueso de tajo. Para cada caso se usó como referencia granulométrica las especificaciones para tamaños máximos nominales de 12,7 mm y 19 mm que proporciona la norma ASTM C33 (INTE C15:2014), dado que en esta norma no existen especificaciones para agregado de 16 mm. Fuentes productoras de agregados a nivel nacional están generando una cantidad importante de agregado de 16 mm, por lo que resultó de interés realizar un estudio experimental con muestras estadísticamente válidas, que permitan comprobar con un grado de certeza adecuado la validez de usar la granulometría que mejor se ajuste (tamaño máximo nominal: 12,7 mm o 19 mm) cuando se emplea agregado de 16 mm. Pero también, como parte del estudio, se generó una propuesta de límites granulométricos para un tamaño de 16 mm.

The Lima culture developed between 200 and 700 A.D. and is located between the Chanchay and Lurin valleys in Peru. They had several governmental and ceremonial centers including the architectural complex known as Huaca Pucllana, located in Lima, which was built and inhabited between 450 and 700A.D. The construction was constant during the years of activity, generating extensions and modifications in the structures. For this, adobes were used as the main construction unit, which were elaborated by hand in large quantities. For this reason, and in order to study the composition of the adobe units, a group of them was taken to the Soil Mechanics Laboratory at Universidad Nacional Agraria "La Molina". The units were subjected to three types of analysis: resistance to unconfined compression, granulometry and organic matter content. The purpose of these tests lies in the need to know and understand the proportions of soil particles used in the elaboration of adobes as well as the qualities of blocks obtained throughout the period of use of the huaca. In the experimentation phase, standardized laboratory tests were applied but adapted to this type of adobes, considering them as soil. The results found show a variation of qualities according to the age of each block that could be a parameter to consider when studying the splendor and decadence indicators of the inhabitants of Huaca Pucllana. On the other hand, the results could help in terms of conservation activities and protection of the complex against climatic agents. Finally, it is important to highlight that the research was carried out by a multidisciplinary team formed by archaeologists and an agricultural engineer. Thanks to the exchange of knowledge, experiences and different points of view, a broader panorama of construction in ancient Peru is offered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The unavailability of chemical fertilizers to obtain high yields in Cuban agriculture has led to the development of other organ-mineral fertilizers, such as Agromena - G, produced by the Empresa Geominera del Centro in Villa Clara. The objective of this work was to characterize the organ-mineral fertilizer Agromena - G, based on the determination of the main physical and chemical properties of the fertilizer for its mechanized application in the improvement of soils and the increasing of crops yield. The methodology included the determination of physical properties as granulometry, apparent density and humidity of the organ-mineral fertilizer. In addition, chemical properties such as pH, electrical conductivity, available phosphorus and organic matter were determined. The physical properties of the organ-mineral fertilizer Agromena - G, show that its granulometry (approximately 50% of the grains smaller than 1 mm) favors its use since it facilitates its acquisition by the plants. The other determined properties behave within acceptable values for the most common granular fertilizers. The physical properties of this fertilizer favor its mechanized application both by broadcast fertilizing machines and with machines for localized fertilization. The chemical properties of this organ-mineral fertilizer demonstrated its potential use as an alternative for managing plant nutrition although it is recommended the surveillance of indicators as electrical conductivity and cations concentrations, especially Na+, in clayed soils susceptible to salinity problems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of ESPOCH Congresses: The Ecuadorian Journal of S.T.E.A.M. is the property of Knowledge E DMCC and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Se analizó la influencia de la proporción de arena en morteros Tipo II según norma N-CMT-2-01-004/02 empleando tres tipos de áridos de la región de Morelia, Michoacán determinando su influencia en sus propiedades físico-mecánicas, contemplando el uso de diferentes materiales cementantes (MC): el cemento Portland más cal (B1), cemento Portland más cemento de albañilería (B2). Se elaboraron mezclas para B1 y B2 con relaciones en volumen arena/MC, desde 2.25 hasta 4, determinando la fluidez, resistencia a compresión uniaxial (UCS) y resistividad eléctrica húmeda (WER). Se estudió la relación entre la fluidez y la cantidad de agua/MC, concluyendo que el tipo de árido y proporciones modifican la fluidez y demanda de agua en estado fresco impactando en UCS y WER.

Particle size distribution (PSD) is a relevant property of soils since its physical behavior depends on it, and because of its relationship with other soil properties and its usefulness as a key parameter of pedotransfer functions (PTF). The objective of this research was to compare the Bouyoucos and modified Bouyoucos (Bouyoucos-Day) methods to quantify the particle size distribution in soils of a hillside located in the municipality of La Plata, district of Lusitania, department of Huila, Colombia. For this, disturbed soil samples were taken from 6 areas of the same hillside, where 4 samples were taken randomly in each area, for a total of 24 sampling sites. The samples were analyzed using the 2 methods, considering that the main difference laid in the times of the readings with the hydrometer followed by taking the temperature of the suspension, as well as the use of different correction factors. The data analysis was carried out considering a factorial design with two levels (methods). Likewise, the analysis was carried out considering the differente. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Se evalúa el comportamiento mecánico de pastas de cemento empleando Cemento Portland Tipo II 30R de cinco marcas con el objetivo de identificar la relación óptima de los cementos con diferentes tipos de arena para elaborar morteros. Se conformaron cinco series de pastas y morteros con cada marca de cemento variando el tipo de arena por serie. La resistencia de las pastas de cemento es diferente en cada marca. Una misma marca de cemento tendrá un comportamiento distinto en función de la arena que se utilice. La arena influye en la resistencia a compresión. Para mejorar el desempeño mecánico del mortero, se analizan los materiales componentes. Un diseño de mezcla específico optimiza el mortero en la construcción.

El objetivo de este trabajo fue establecer la influencia que ejerce la granulometría del lecho del río, la forma de la pila de un puente y los parámetros hidrológicos en la profundidad de socavación, a partir de un modelo físico. Para el desarrollo experimental se empleó un suelo granular proveniente de río al que se le realizaron ensayos de laboratorio para determinar la distribución del tamaño de las partículas, empleando materiales cuya clasificación, según el sistema unificado de clasificación de suelos (USCS, por sus siglas en inglés) es SP (arena mal gradada), SW (arena bien gradada), SP-SC (arena mal gradada con arcilla). Adicionalmente, se realizó un análisis estadístico con el fin de determinar las diferencias significativas entre cada una de las variables y su influencia en dicho proceso. Se encontró que existe una fuerte relación entre la forma de la pila, el caudal y la granulometría, con las características hidrodinámicas del flujo cuando pasa por las pilas, así como en la profundidad de socavación.

Copyright of Ciencia e Ingenieria Neogranadina is the property of Ciencia e Ingenieria Neogranadina and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The saline lakes are typical environment in the Nhecolândia a region of the Pantanal wetland. Recent research demonstrates a climatic chance with increase of humidity last 3,000 years and alkalinization of saline lakes last 910 years. This process of the climatic change for wetland environment can to interfere in pedostratigraphic organization. So, the aim this paper is presents the pedostratigraphic characteristics of the two saline lakes of the Nhecolândia. Using remote sensing selected the area sampling and in fieldwork was measured the pH and electric conductivity for to validate the basic characteristics of the saline lake. Were collected two samples of lakes: one inside near water and one in area more elevated topographically which has the local name of "cordilheira". After in laboratory the samples were fractionated using color and texture. This fractionated material was analyzed granulometric and statistic. As a result we have predominant texture in all profile are fine sand but in inside of saline lake there is greater variation of the grain characteristic while in the cordilheira the distribution of type of grain is homogeneous. The color of samples evidence the relationship with hydromorphism because inside of lake is Gley color. While cordilheira with elevation the process pedogenic it is related interaction with vegetation that are less intense preserving the depositional records better than in environments under influence of water. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista CIENCIA UNEMI is the property of Universidad Estatal de Milagro (UNEMI) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

El análisis de las propiedades físicas, mecánicas e hidráulicas del suelo, existente en el relleno sanitario de la ciudad de Jipijapa, permitió obtener como resultado conocer las características y el comportamiento del suelo existente en la zona, además de comprobar si el suelo cumple con lo necesario para alojar esta clase de relleno sanitario. Para el análisis de estos resultados se realizó la exploración del subsuelo, mediante el ensayo de penetración estándar (SPT), basado en la norma técnica del Instituto Ecuatoriano de Normalización - INEN 689, el cual consistió en realizar 3 sondeos a 6 metros de profundidad en diferentes puntos, tomándose 18 muestras de suelo para su posterior análisis de laboratorio .Se analizaron las muestras realizando ensayos de granulometría, límites de consistencia para su posterior clasificación. Una vez realizado el análisis, se pudo conocer que el sitio estudiado cuenta con un suelo adecuado para alojar este relleno sanitario, con características de suelos de plasticidad media a elevada, con presencia de humedad natural, generando así una baja permeabilidad, reduciendo considerablemente la contaminación del subsuelo

The mechanical behavior of cement pastes was evaluated using Portland Cement Type II 30R from five brands, to identify the optimal relationship of the cements with different types of sand to make mortars. Five series of pastes and mortars were made with each brand of cement, varying the type of sand per series in the mortars. The resistance of cement pastes is different for each brand. The same brand of cement will have a different behavior depending on the sand used. Sand influences compressive strength. To improve the mechanical performance of the mortar, the component materials are analyzed. A specific mix design optimizes the mortar in construction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this work is to establish a relation between the size, afterwards of process of fragmentation of the materials, by means of the determination of the D80 and the index of punctual load Is (50), for of this form characterize the rock in terms of resistance and avoid the sending of samples permanently to laboratories. It initiated the proposal with the taking of samples of rock of a specific sector designated Cojitambo, in the province of Cañar (Ecuador), in which it emerges an andesite of fine grain. These samples were taken preventing them from being weathered, so that they are the coolest possible. In a second stage, test tubes were made with the samples, 60 in total, 30 with approximate dimensions of 5 cm x 5 cm x 5 cm., which were to the process of split, that is to say for the determination of the Is (50), and 30 test tubes of roughly 5 cm x 5 cm x 10 cm., which subjected to the process of trituration and classification. In a final stage has determined an existent relation between the D80 and the Is (50), which allows to establish that, if the rocks or samples taken in the field are inside this relation, determine his resistance, or contrary case are sent the same to laboratory for his assessment. The proposal presents an equation for the determination of the resistance to the unconfined compressive strength of the rock of an approximate way and of easy interpretation, attaining that in a mining project exist a significant saving in economic terms and of time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Inventum. Ingenieria, Tecnologia e Investigacion is the property of Corporacion Universitaria Minuto de Dios and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

RESUMO Objetivou-se avaliar a substituição do milho pelo sorgo grão, moído ou inteiro, e a inclusão de carotenoides sintéticos em rações de frangos de corte, sobre parâmetros zootécnicos e desenvolvimento da moela. Utilizaram-se 960 frangos, machos e fêmeas, da linhagem Cobb 500, que foram submetidos a quatro dietas: à base de milho (M), à base de sorgo moído (SM) ou ainda acrescido de carotenoides sintéticos (SMC) e à base de sorgo inteiro (SI). Foram avaliados peso vivo, consumo de ração, conversão alimentar, rendimento de carcaça e cortes, peso de moela. A ração de SI proporcionou maior desenvolvimento de moela, embora, aos sete dias, não tenha havido diferenças no peso vivo e na conversão alimentar entre as dietas. SM e SMC proporcionaram maiores valores de peso vivo aos 28 dias do que SI. As conversões alimentares real e tradicional aos 40 dias foram semelhantes para as rações de sorgo, com um melhor rendimento de carcaça em SM e SMC. O sorgo moído pode substituir integralmente o milho nas rações para frangos de corte, sem comprometimento de desempenho e rendimento de carcaça, e, na forma grão inteiro, é zootecnicamente viável.

Rice husk meal (Oryza sativa L.) is obtained and its emulsifying capacity (CE) and emulsion stability (EE) are evaluated at two particle sizes (> 250 and < 250 µm), three pH (5.5-2.5, and 1.5) and three ionic strengths (0, 0.2 and 0.5 M of NaCl). The EE was determined at two temperatures (50 and 80 °C). Rice husk meal at particle size> 250, pH 5.5, and ionic strength of 0.5 M NaCl was found to have the best CE (3.3 ± 0.03 mL/g). The lowest EC (1.5 ± 0.0 mL/g) was obtained at a particle size < 250 µm, pH 1.5 and ionic strength of 0.5 M of NaCl. The highest EE (47.2 ± 0.03 %) is obtained at 50 °C, particle size> 250 µm, pH 5.5, and ionic strength of 0.2 M of NaCl. It is found that rice husk meal has emulsifying properties and these properties are influenced by extrinsic factors such as particle size, pH, ionic strength, and temperature. The above indicates that rice husk meal is an alternative to the use of emulsifiers of animal origin, so it could be used very particularly in vegan preparations, or in general in the food and cosmetic industries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The friability, an important quality parameter, is the ability of charcoal to generate fines when it is moved. However, there is no standard for determining the compressive strength of charcoal beds. Thus, the objective of this work was to evaluate some test parameters for determining the generation of charcoal fines in a manual hydraulic press. Charcoal was produced with eucalyptus logs 7 years old, diameters of 10 to 12 cm, and length of 1 m in a circular surface kiln, with a maximum carbonization temperature of 400 °C and a total time of 58 hours. For methodology evaluation, charcoal mechanical tests were performed in a manual hydraulic press, using as test variables four charcoal granulometric ranges (12.7 to 19.5; 19.5 to 25.4; 25.4 to 31.7 and 31.7 to 50.8 mm) and five compressive loads (1; 1.5; 2; 3 and 5 t). The reference was the drum test. The method of evaluating the mechanical strength using a manual hydraulic press is suitable for determining the strength of a charcoal bed, because it represents the efforts that charcoal supports in industrial systems. The test parameters recommended for determining the mechanical strength of charcoal, using a manual hydraulic press, are: compressive load of one ton; charcoal with granulometry of 19.5 to 50.8 mm; average velocity of force application of 1 mm s-1; and, charcoal time under pressure equal to 1 min. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: the following study focuses on the granulometric analysis of soils, using a soil from the town of Cuauhtémoc, Villa Flores, Chiapas, Mexico, to determine its possible use in the elaboration of Compressed Earth Blocks (CEB). The purpose of the study is to achieve adequate mechanical strength without using chemical stabilization Method: the initial characterization procedure of the soil samples was developed by means of granulometric determination and consistency limits, which made it possible to identify the soil by its granulometric curve and resistance to axial compression. The discussion arose from the identification in the existing regulations for CEB in Spain and Mexico that they establish too wide granulometric intervals and do not seem to give importance to achieving an optimal accommodation of the granulometric curve, forcing chemical stabilization. A granulometric range for CEB was idealized by adjusting maximum and minimum limits of the different sizes of particles that make up the samples and the percentage of initial water was established from the plasticity index. Afterwards, 3 series were elaborated with five samples of compressed earth in each configuration, varying the granulometric curve, percentage of water and elaboration pressure to improve their resistance to compression. Results: the results describe a notable improvement in the behavior of the soil as a compressed block when the granulometric adjustment is carried out. The CEB mix design was improved from 32.5 kg / cm² to 54.75 kg / cm² by adjusting the percentage of water and nominal brewing pressure. Conclusion: it is concluded that it is possible to optimize the use of soil for construction by controlling the granulometry, water content and nominal pressure of the raw material, achieving mechanical strengths greater than 50 kg / cm² without using cement, asphalt, or lime as stabilizers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Este trabalho consiste na análise da distribuição espacial de foraminíferos como bioindicadores de stress ambiental e poluição em sedimentos superficiais do estuário Rio Potengi e plataforma adjacente. Foram coletadas 42 amostras nos anos de 2011 e 2012 e aplicadas análises estatísticas univariadas e multivariadas (diversidade, dominância, equitatividade, PCA, CLUSTER e BIOENV) sobre uma matriz de dados bióticos (foraminíferos bentônicos) e abióticos (profundidade, salinidade, temperatura, granulometria, matéria orgânica, CaCO3 ). O estuário é dominado por foraminíferos calcários hialinos (Ammonia tepida, Hanzawaia boueana) associados às frações arenosas finas, enquanto a plataforma interna é dominada por espécies porcelanáceas (Quinqueloculina lamarckiana, Q. miletti) e aglutinantes (Caronia exilis, Textularia earlandi), associadas à granulometria grossa. A presença de organismos mixohalinos (Caronia exilis e Trochammina spp.) na plataforma indicam contribuição estuarina na composição de sedimentos da plataforma e no transporte de efluentes de esgotos. A granulometria, CaCO3 , matéria orgânica, aportes fluviais e marinhos são os principais fatores que influenciam na distribuição dos foraminíferos. Espécies oportunistas (Ammonia tepida, Quinqueloculina patagonica) associadas às granulometria fina e elevados teores de matéria orgânica revelaram locais com poluição crítica dos sedimentos no interior do estuário, onde mantiveram-se constantes nos anos de 2011 e 2012.

O milho moído seco é um dos ingredientes mais utilizados como fonte de energia rapidamente disponível para a síntese microbiana no rúmen. Objetivou-se avaliar o efeito do tamanho de partícula associada ao tempo de armazenamento sobre o milho moído reidratado e ensilado. Foi realizada a moagem de milho comercial em peneiras de 2, 4, 6, 8 e 10 mm, reidratado até atingir 65 % de MS e ensilado por 14, 28 e 56 dias, num delineamento inteiramente casualizado em arranjo fatorial 5x3, com seis repetições por tratamento. Foram utilizados mini-silos de PVC, de dimensões 25 cm altura x 10 cm diâmetro. Os dados referentes às variáveis MS, MM, PB, FDN, FDA, pH, contagem de bolores e leveduras, perdas fermentativas, degradabilidade in vitro e estabilidade aeróbia foram submetidas à análise de variância e o teste Tukey para comparação de médias, e a contagem de BAL foi submetida ao teste não-paramétrico de Wilcoxon, ambos considerando significância 5%. Silagens de grãos milho reidratados com partículas menores (2 e 4 mm) apresentaram maiores contagens de BAL e bolores, teores mais elevados de PB, EE e maior massa específica na abertura dos silos em relação às partículas mais grossas. Porém, demonstraram menores percentuais de MS, e foram passíveis de ataque microbiano e elevação de temperatura mais rapidamente do que partículas grossas durante os tempos de armazenamento avaliados. Silagens armazenadas por 56 dias apresentaram menores teores de FDN, FDA e PB, menores perdas por gases e menores valores de pH em aerobiose, e aumentaram a proteína solúvel (frações A + B1), as perdas por efluentes e o tempo para quebra da estabilidade aeróbia das silagens. Silagens com moagem grossa e submetidas a 56 dias de armazenamento apresentaram melhor composição bromatológica, menores contagens de BAL e bolores, e menor susceptibilidade à degradação microbiana quando expostas ao ar.

Dado a que la ecuación de Manning es uno de los métodos de aplicación más utilizados para determinar el caudal en ríos no aforados, se llevó a cabo una investigación para establecer un modelo para determinar el coeficiente de rugosidad (n), en un sector montañoso del río Santa en el departamento de Ancash, Perú. Lo novedoso del modelo está en su simplicidad ya que solo usa como variable de entrada el diámetro efectivo (di), del material de río obtenido del análisis de granulometría. Se utilizaron tres procedimientos de estimación, medición de velocidades, ecuación de Manning y modelo de Cowan y para el análisis, modelos de correlación y regresión lineal y no lineal; la bondad de ajuste se efectuó con la prueba t de Student. Los resultados se validaron con mediciones de campo de las características hidráulicas del tramo en ocho puntos de muestreo y análisis granulométrico de las muestras de material de fondo. El modelo de mejor ajuste para la estimación del coeficiente de rugosidad de Manning es el potencial, siendo su expresión matemática n=0,0429 (d10)0,1371 $ con un coeficiente de determinación de R2=0,956.

O rio é um dos principais meios de transporte de sedimentos, sendo estes provenientes de processos erosivos que ocorrem na superfície, causados ​​pela ação de agentes dinâmicos externos como o vento, gravidade, gelo e agentes biológicos. Os sedimentos presentes nos rios possuem certas granulometrias, que podem variar de argila e areia média, onde permanecem suspensos pelo fluxo turbulento e são transportados a jusante do canal. Devido à importância de conhecer os dados granulométricos dos recursos hídricos para uma boa gestão e planejamento, este artigo propôs caracterizar a granulometria dos sedimentos suspensos em seções da Bacia Hidrográfica do Rio Meia Ponte -Go, como ainda comparar métodos modernos de determinação granulométrica, através dos equipamentos LISST-SL e MASTERSIZER 2000. Foi observado que a granulometria dos sedimentos tende a diminuir de montante a jusante, e que houve uma diminuição do diâmetro médio (d50) do período de estiagem a o chuvoso. Com base na comparação dos granulômetros, obtivemos uma diferença 15 % para a seção 2, e de 20% para a seção 3, em relação de um método a outro. O LISST – SL apresentou resultados satisfatórios, porem requer cuidados quanto a calibração.

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Copyright of Journal of Exact Sciences is the property of Master Editora and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

A elaboração de mapas de atributos fsicos do solo se consttui em uma ferramenta para o planejamento do uso e manejo do solo para fins agrícolas. Para determinar a distribuição espacial dos teores de argila, silte e areia em Santa Catarina, foram coletadas 1.706 amostras de solo em lavouras distribuídas em todo o Estado. A partcipação percentual dessas frações foi determinada pelo método da pipeta, em amostras coletadas na camada de até 50cm. Também foi determinado o teor de argila pelo método de rotina para análises químicas em amostras coletadas na camada de até 20cm nas mesmas lavouras. As médias municipais dos atributos foram referenciadas nas coordenadas geográfcas das sedes dos municípios para a elaboração de mapas com a distribuição espacial de classes de valores utlizando-se o sofware ILWIS 3.2 Academic. A distribuição espacial dos teores de argila e de areia do solo está associada à distribuição dos tpos de rochas, e o teor de argila aumenta no sentdo do Litoral para o Planalto, contnua alto até o Oeste e diminui novamente no Extremo Oeste do Estado. O teor de areia apresenta distribuição inversa à da argila, e o teor de silte predomina na faixa entre 30% e 45%, conforme mapa de distribuição espacial.

Se definieron los métodos de predicción y evaluación para las voladuras realizadas en la mina polimetálica Castellano, que se adaptan a las características y complejidades del yacimiento. Para ello se tuvo en cuenta las características estructurales del macizo, las propiedades de las rocas, de las sustancias explosivas empleadas y el diseño de los patrones de voladura. Tras los estudios realizados de viabilidades de los diferentes métodos de predicción de voladura existente se aplicó el método de predicción KUZ-RAM para la mina y para su evaluación el software WIPFRAG. En las dos pruebas realizadas se obtuvo una convergencia superior a 95 % entre las curvas obtenidas, lo que implica un margen de error inferior de 5 %. Se comprueba que hay correspondencia entre la predicción y el resultado, por lo que se considera que el método de predicción KUZ-RAM es apropiado para la predicción de la granulometría a obtener en las voladuras en la mina polimetálica castellano con los patrones empleados.

O concreto permeável (CoPe) é um dos materiais com maior importância no campo da pesquisa atual. Este material possui uma permeabilidade elevada, dada pelo seu alto índice de vazios que varia de 15-35%. A distribuição dos vazios e a permeabilidade estão diretamente ligadas a granulometria do agregado graúdo utilizado, sendo que podem ser utilizadas granulometrias, uniformes, continuas e descontinuas. A escolha de cada uma delas vai depender da solicitação em termos hidráulicos e mecânicos que sejam requeridos no material. Porém ainda existem grandes questionamentos relacionados com a influência de agregados menores de 4.8 mm no desempenho do material, já que estes agregados são oriundos do próprio agregado graúdo. Por tanto este estudo analisa a influência da porcentagem de fração na proveniente do agregado graúdo nas propriedades mecânicas e hidráulicas do CoPe fabricado com britas de 19 mm (B1), 9,5 mm (B0) e uma mistura 50/50 (50B0/50B1) das duas britas mencionadas. Os resultados mostram que o CoPe 50B0/50B1 foi o melhor em termos de resistência alcançando 19 Mpa e em termos hidráulicos a B1 apresentou o maior coeficiente de permeabilidade de 4.27 mm/s em termos de resistência a alçando em média um valor de 10 Mpa e nalmente a B0 com permeabilidade de aproximadamente 3 mm/s e resistência mecânica de 9.5 Mpa. A melhoria no arranjo dos grãos e da fração na própria do agregado explica os melhores resultados mecânicos. É interessante ressaltar que a baixa resistência dos CoPe’s normalmente se dá pela fragilidade da interface entre os agregados.

La Quebrada San Pedro del espíritu santo esta localiza en el municipio de Curumaní, cuenta con una extensión de 21.087 hectáreas, donde se realizaron estudios granulométricos, humedad y se estimó el volumen de sedimentos generados por la cuenca mediante el modelo EROSUP-U; con el fin de cuantificar el aporte sedimentológico y clasificar el tipo de suelo basado en AASTHO, fueron recolectadas 84 muestras, cada 10 m y 15mts, siguiendo la metodología propuesta por la Comisión Federal de Electricidad de México. En base a los resultados obtenidos en la estimación volumétrica, aplicando la ecuación universal de perdida de suelo (EUPS) el aporte de sedimento es de 3.076.012.97m3/año; el suelo del área de estudio se clasificó en seis (6) grupos (A-1-a, A-1-b, A-2-4, A-2-6, A-3 y A-4), el más representativo es el A-1-a con un 51.19% de las muestras analizadas, corresponde a una mezcla de suelo mal graduado de grava, arena fina y arena gruesa, con poco material fino bien graduado.

Este artículo analiza los efectos de una extracción de áridos sobre el transporte de sedimento en suspensión en un tramo del alto río Cinca (Pirineo Central). Para ello se monitorizaron cinco secciones a lo largo de un tramo de 5 kilómetros para obtener datos de caudal y transporte de sedimentos así como las granulometrías de los sedimentos finos. De manera específica, se han obtenido muestras en una sección de referencia aguas arriba del área de actuación y cuatro secciones, a 0, 200, 500, y 1500 m, aguas abajo de ésta. Los resultados confirman un efecto de las extracciones de áridos sobre el transporte de sólidos en suspensión, alcanzándose concentraciones aguas abajo de la extracción un orden de magnitud mayor que en la sección de referencia. Las CSS medias obtenidas durante los días de estudio son similares a los valores registrados durante crecidas, llegándose a alcanzar concentraciones máximas de casi 6 g/l. La carga sólida varía entre 2,2 y 17 Mg/día entre secciones, valores que incorporan también los efectos de los trabajos realizados en el cauce durante los días previos a la extracción. Las concentraciones observadas en la sección más alejada son similares a las medidas en la sección de referencia, hecho que indica que la mayor parte del material movilizado por la extracción quedó sedimentado en los primeros centenares de metros. El tamaño de las partículas del sedimento removilizado y transportado como consecuencia de la extracción es mayor que el que se observa en condiciones naturales; no obstante, las partículas de mayor tamaño sedimentaron rápidamente, hecho que sugiere un lavado selectivo de los materiales transportados aguas abajo. Este estudio supone un primer paso para la comprensión de la dinámica del sedimento en ríos localmente afectados por actuaciones en el cauce y su influencia en la dinámica morfosedimentaria y la integridad bio-física del río.

Celem artykułu jest określenie wpływu, jaki wywiera zdeponowany w korycie rzeki rumosz drzewny na granulometrię rumowiska dennego. Analiza obejmowała doprądową i zaprądową stronę badanych form depozycyjnych rumoszu drzewnego. Zakres prac obejmował ustalenie geometrycznych wymiarów analizowanych rumoszów drzewnych, określenie składu granulometrycznego rumowiska dennego w sąsiedztwie tych form, wyznaczenie długości ich oddziaływania na materiał denny oraz ustalenie zależności między geometrycznymi wymiarami rumoszów drzewnych a zasięgiem ich oddziaływania na rumowisko denne. Badania granulometryczne wykonano na podstawie analizy sitowej. Zasięg oddziaływania form depozycyjnych rumoszu drzewnego ustalono wykonując analizę statystyczną z wykorzystaniem współczynnika efektywności Nasha-Sutcliffe’a. Zależności pomiędzy zasięgiem oddziaływania a wymiarami badanych form rumoszu drzewnego określono na podstawie współczynnika korelacji Spearmana. Stwierdzono, że rumosz drzewny zdeponowany w korycie rzeki Raby wpływa na granulometrię rumowiska dennego, zarówno po stronie zaprądowej, jak doprądowej. Wykazano również, że zasięg oddziaływania na uziarnienie materiału dennego po stronie zaprądowej form depozycyjnych rumoszu drzewnego jest w znacznym stopniu zależny od wysokości zdeponowanego rumoszu drzewnego.

Con el fin de dar mayor valor agregado a subproductos forestales a partir de la posible elaboración de pellets y briquetas. Se analizó la distribución granulométrica en aserrín, corteza y viruta de Pinus leiophylla, P. montezumae y P. pseudostrobus, así como en la mezcla de corteza-madera de Quercus candicans, Q. laurina y Q. rugosa en Nuevo Parangaricutiro, Michoacán. La distribución del tamaño de partícula se determinó según las normas europeas, UNE-EN 15149-2 y UNE-EN 15149-1. Los resultados indicaron que para producir pellets podría utilizarse 76.91 % de las partículas de aserrín, 25.49 % de corteza, 16.89 % de viruta y 61.67 % de corteza-madera; en el caso de las briquetas, tienen potencial 49.60 % de la corteza, 56.29 % de la viruta y 0.77 % de corteza-madera. A nivel industria, 58.67 % de los subproductos de aserradero, 66.82 % del Taller de Secundarios de la Comunidad (TSC) y 58.45 % del Taller de Secundarios Externo (TSE), son aptos para su utilización en pellets, mientras que 29.90 % de los provenientes de aserradero, 19.70 % del TSC y 28.14 % del TSE resultaron adecuados para su uso en briquetas. El tamaño de las partículas analizadas tuvo variación, aunque fue similar entre especies y en industrias de generación. La mayoría de las partículas de aserrín pueden ser aprovechadas para fabricar pellets y las de corteza, corteza-madera y viruta para elaborar briquetas.

Os parâmetros granulométricos das jazidas de areia que exercem maior influência nas propriedades mecânicas do concreto são o módulo de finura e o coeficiente de uniformidade. Areias com elevados valores destes índices tendem a produzir concretos com maior resistência mecânica à compressão. Nesse sentido, o presente trabalho avaliou as propriedades granulométricas de três jazidas comerciais do Rio Paraná na região do município de Alto Paraíso (PR). Para analisar a influência da granulometria na produção de concreto foram confeccionados corpos de prova de 100 mm de diâmetro por 200 mm de altura com classe de resistência de 20 MPa. A seguir foram determinadas a resistência à compressão e a consistência no estado fresco. As três amostras testadas obtiveram resistência aos 28 dias superior a resistência de dosagem mínima de 26,6 MPa. A amostra 3 em relação com a amostra 1 teve resistência superior em 32 % e em relação com a amostra 2 o aumento foi de 12 %. Isso se deve pelo maior coeficiente de uniformidade que aumenta o embricamento entre as partículas, diminui o volume de vazios e, por fim, aumenta a resistência à compressão; e com maior módulo de finura menor é a superfície especifica dos grãos, menor é a área de recobrimento da pasta de cimento e por conseqüência maior a resistência mecânica para uma mesma quantidade de areia.

The mixing of products in the manufacture of food in general and feed in particular for animals, constitutes a key phase for the dosage of the food and the nutrition, having a significant effect on the uniformity of the mixture, the functional properties and the sensory characteristics of the food. The objective of the work was to develop a review of current technologies, as well as the most important research aimed at mixing products, for the manufacture of feed and conglomerates. During the analysis, it is exposed that the components of a mixing operation can be: dry foods and / or low, medium and high viscosity liquid foods, processed with horizontal and vertical axis mixers respectively. The uniformity of the final product depends on the type of mixer used, the mixing conditions such as speed, temperature, and time, as well as the composition of the food. In the case of dry food, it is highlighted that each ingredient has physical properties that affect its ability to be mixed with other ingredients, such as: grain size, density, shape and surface characteristics, hygroscopicity, adhesiveness and susceptibility to electrostatic charges. In researches carried out it was shown that the granulometry constitutes the most influential factor on the homogeneous mixing of dry food and as it increases its size, more time is required to obtain said mixing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction. Urban runoff sediments contain heavy metals that generate risk to the environment. Several risk assessment indexes for heavy metals have been developed, which show the level of contamination of particles in the environment and their origin. Besides, sediment risk is also associated with the particle size distribution and hydrometeorological characteristics. Objective. This work seeks to evaluate the risk of contamination from runoff sediments collected in an experimental catchment, related to their size distribution and hydrological characteristics of the area of influence. Materials and methods. The field and laboratory experiments were carried out on the constructed-wetland/storage-tank structure from Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá. The hydrological data were obtained from a nearby El Paraíso rain gauge station. The geoaccumulation (Igeo), pollution index (PI), and enrichment factor (EF) rates were calculated. Furthermore, Principal Component Analysis was used in order to determine the relationships between the risk, hydrological and granulometric variables. Results. There is a low/medium risk for Cu and Cr, in contrast to the high risk for Pb and Zn. According to multivariate statistical analysis, there is a relationship between risk indexes and average particle diameters (D50): these indexes increase for fine particles and periods of high rainfall intensity. Conclusions. The hydrological variables are important to determine the risks of urban runoff sediments. In this study, we found that the variable of dry weather is related to the values of geo-accumulation indexes and contamination. The findings of this work reinforce the possibility of developing early warning systems for sediment risks using key hydrological and sedimentological variables. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the San Alberto del Espiritu Santo River located in the municipality of San Alberto, department of Cesar, with an area of 26,110 hectares, where granulometric studies, humidity and sediment volume estimation contributed by the basin were carried out using the EROSUP-U model. The objective of the research is to quantify the sedimentological contribution of the of the San Alberto del Espiritu Santo River and classify the soil types based on the AASTHO and USC standards. The methodology was based on the collection of 84 samples, every 10 m and 15 m, following the methodological procedure of the Ministry of Energy and Mines (Perú). The volumetric estimation, applying the universal equation of soil loss (EUPS), establishes that the sedimentological contribution of the river is 44,226.36 m3 / year; the soil was classified into six (6) groups (A-1-a, A-1-b, A-2-4, A-2-6, A-3 and A-4), the most representative is A -1-a with 51.19% of the samples analyzed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bamboo is a source of industrial raw material with wide geographical distribution. Brazil has good soil and climate conditions for its cultivation, in addition to existing reserves. Advantages of bamboo include: versatility, fast growth and good strength properties. One way of using this material would be as a raw material for manufacturing particleboards. Within this context, this article addresses an evaluation of the physical and mechanical properties of particleboards manufactured from bamboo particles (Dendrocalamus asper (Schult f.). Backer ex Heyne. Particles with 0.50 and 0.85mm granulometry and two conditions (control and treatment by immersion in hot water (70 ± 5 °C) for two hours) were used. Twelve homogeneous particleboards bonded with urea-formaldehyde adhesive with 10% solids were manufactured and the predetermined nominal density for all panels was 650 kg m-3. The properties analyzed were: water absorption, swelling and non-return rate in thickness, density profile, rupture modulus, elastic modulus, screw withdrawal and internal adhesion. Panels consisting of 0.50 mm granulometry showed higher water absorption rates, while panels made of particles treated with hot water and 0.85 mm granulometry showed higher swelling rates and non-return thickness. The panels made of treated particles showed higher density profile values in both layers of the panels. The granulometry did not influence the mechanical properties of the panels, and those with treated particles exhibited significant performance for the surface and top screw withdrawal properties, and internal adhesion. This last mentioned property reached the minimum value required by the standard. The results showed that it is feasible to use bamboo to manufacture particleboards, but it is necessary to adjust some variables such as nominal density, pressing parameters, adhesive content or the inclusion of a less dense material in the composition of the panels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A lama vermelha (LV), resíduo da etapa de clarificação do processo Bayer, possui milhões de toneladas acumuladas em extensas áreas por muitos anos. Para melhor aproveitamento deste resíduo é importante conhecer suas propriedades físicas e mineralógicas em todas as camadas inertizadas. Neste estudo foram avaliadas as variações granulométricas, mineralógicas e alcalinas da lama vermelha da Hydro Alunorte, ao longo de suas camadas inertizadas em um perfil de até 2 m de profundidade por meio de técnicas de caracterização de materiais como: sedimentação, difração de Raios-X e análise de pH. As análises mostram que o resíduo possui granulometria predominantemente na fração silte, ainda com frações menores de argila e areia. Apresentam hematita, goethita, gibbsita, sodalita e anatásio como fases majoritárias. O pH mostra a LV com uma variação de pH de 10,8 a 11,7 fortemente alcalino. O perfil apresentou variações tanto para alcalinidade como para a granulometria, assim como de um ponto para outro na bacia de rejeitos. Mineralogicamente, o perfil das camadas inertizadas apresentou regularidade das fases predominantes. As variações de granulometria e pH foram influenciadas pela topografia da bacia, devido as variações altimétricas, erosões e deslizamentos provocados pelas chuvas e ventos. A alcalinidade e granulometria, analisadas no tempo atual, podem apresentar outros resultados em outro período de estudo. Enquanto que, a mineralogia presente ao longo do depósito e em profundidade, com os fenômenos citados acima permanecem potencializando a mesma.

Este proyecto corresponde a la materia de Geología, de la Licenciatura en Ingeniería Civil. En este proyecto se muestra cómo realizar análisis granulométricos de depósitos de materiales clásticos, depositados de forma natural, aplicando métodos tecnológicos alternativos. En este proyecto se utilizó software e imágenes fotográficas. Para este proyecto se seleccionó una elevación ubicada en el distrito de Santiago, con coordenadas 8°05'39.23"N; 80°57'05.84"O; elevación de 101msnm, provechando la exposición de materiales clásticos, los cuales fueron fotografados utilizando para ello un drone. Para la determinación de la escala de la fotografía, se posicionó un objeto de dimensión conocida, una vez la imagen impresa se procedió a determinar su escala. Terminada la captura de las imágenes, las mejores de ellas fueron transportadas al software (AUTO-CAD 2016), y se analizó clasto por clasto para determinar su diámetro equivalente. El segmento estudiado tiene un perímetro total de 25.86 m y un área de 164.12 m2.