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Foreign exchange market is one of the significant financial markets about an economy. The Coronavirus (COVID19) pandemic has led to volatility in emerging markets, including Türkiye. Thus, great fluctuations take place in the eqquity and FX markets of developing countries. Thus, conducting a study specific to the Turkish foreign exchange market will be beneficial to investors and policy makers. This study aims to investigate the economic and financial factors that affect the US Dollar/ Turkish Lira level using the VAR model for the period 2002 --2021. This article has a significant contribution for the literature with the longterm and many variables it covers. The VAR model results show that Türkiye 5-Year Bond CDS Premium, Foreign Trade Balance, Direct Investments and Non-Residents' Equity Portfolio are exogenous. A bidirectional Granger causation relationship emerges between Banking Sector Loan Volume, the Turkish Lira 1 Month Deposit Rate and Domestic Debt Stock and the Dollar/Turkish Lira Exchange Rate. Also a one-way relationship takes place from the Direct Investments, Import Volume, Interbational Reserves and TUIK Consumer Confidence Index to the US Dollar/Turkish Lira exchange rate. In this respect, the volatility in the FX market and important macroeconomic variables should be monitored closely. This study proves the importance of foreign trade balance and direct investments. In this respect, these markets need to be analyzed meticulously and followed closely. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Economics & Administrative Sciences / Afyon Kocatepe Üniversitesi Iktisadi ve Idari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi is the property of Afyon Kocatepe University, Faculty of Business Administration and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Financial Politic & Economic Reviews / Finans Politik & Ekonomik Yorumlar is the property of Journal of Financial Politic & Economic Reviews / Finans Politik & Ekomomik Yorumlar and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Erciyes Akademi is the property of Erciyes Universitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The main purpose of this study is to empirically test the causality relationship between women's labor force participation and the urbanization phenomenon in Türkiye between the years 1990--2021 using the time series method. The model included female labor force participation, urbanization, and fertility variables. Within the scope of the study, firstly, the stationarity of the series was tested using the data obtained from the World Bank database. After the non-stationary series were made stationary, a Granger causality test was used to determine the causality relationship between variables. According to the empirical findings obtained from the study, it was concluded that urbanization is the Granger cause of women's labor force participation and fertility rate; therefore, the historical values of the urbanization variable have a significant effect on both female labor force participation and the current value of the fertility rate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study aims to investigate the causality relationship between investor happiness and cryptocurrency returns. The study is focused on the five largest cryptocurrencies, specifically Bitcoin (BTC), Ethereum (ETH), Binance Coin (BNB), Ripple (XRP), and Cardano (ADA). Twitter-based Happiness Index is used to measure investor happiness. The sample period covers the period between January 1, 2019, and October 2, 2021. The Zivot-Andrews test is employed to detect stationary of covariates. After ensuring that all variables are stationary at levels, the Granger causality test is adopted to understand the relationship between the happiness index and cryptocurrency returns. The impulse-response functions are illustrated. The results indicate that there is a uni-directional relationship from BTC to Happiness Index, and Happiness Index to ETH. Considering that the causal relationship between cryptocurrency returns and investor happiness differs between cryptocurrencies, it is thought that investors should closely monitor the happiness index and make adjustments in their portfolios in response to changes in investor happiness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bu çalışmanın amacı Türkiye’de kamu harcamaları ile vergiler arasındaki ilişkiyi inceleyerek mali yanılsamanın geçerliliğini vergi-harcama teorisi kapsamında test etmektir. Bu çerçevede Türkiye’de dolaylı-dolaysız vergiler ile kamu harcamaları arasındaki ilişki 1971-2019 yılları için Johansen eşbütünleşme ve Granger nedensellik analizleri kullanılarak güncel veriler ile test edilmekte ve literatüre katkı sağlanmaktadır. Yapılan analizde, kurumlar vergisi ile kamu harcamaları arasında eşbütünleşme ve nedensellik ilişkisinin bulunmadığı; mal ve hizmetler üzerinden alınan vergiler ile kamu harcamaları arasında nedensellik ilişkisi bulunurken gelir vergisi ile kamu harcamaları arasında hem uzun dönemli bir ilişki hem de nedensellik ilişkisi olduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Bu durum Türkiye’de mali yanılsamanın geçerli olduğunu göstermektedir.

Copyright of Artvin Çoruh Üniversitesi Orman Fakültesi Dergisi is the property of Artvin Coruh University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Kastamonu University Journal of Economics & Administrative Sciences Faculty / Kastamonu Üniversitesi Iktisadi ve Idari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi is the property of Kastamonu University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Agriculture & Nature / Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi Tarım & Doğa Dergisi is the property of Kahramanmaras Sutcu Imam Universitesi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Omer Halisdemir Universitesi Iktisadi ve Idari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi is the property of Omer Halisdemir University, Faculty of Economics & Admistrative Sciene and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Bartin University Journal of Faculty of Economics & Administrative Sciences / Bartın Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi is the property of Bartin University, Faculty of Economics & Administrative Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of the Institute of Social Sciences Cankiri Karatekin University / Çankırı Karatekin Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi is the property of Cankiri Karatekin University, Institute of Social Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Bu çalışmada BIST100 hisse senedi endeksinin faiz, döviz kuru ve altın fiyatları açısından duyarlılığının belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bu amaçla 4 Ocak 2000-28 Haziran 2021 dönemini kapsayan günlük veriler kullanılarak tüm örneklem dönemine ilişkin değişkenler arasındaki uzun ve kısa dönem ilişkilerinin COVID-19 pandemi dönemi ile kıyaslandığında nasıl seyrettiği Johansen-Juselius eşbütünleşme analizi, Granger nedensellik testi, varyans ayrıştırma ve etki-tepki analizleri uygulanarak araştırılmıştır. Elde edilen bulgulara göre, eşbütünleşme analizi için bağımlı değişkenin BIST100 endeksi getirisi olduğu durumda değişkenler arasında bir uzun dönem ilişki bulunmuş olup; altın fiyatlarının BIST100 üzerinde anlamlı bir etkisi bulunamamıştır. Granger nedensellik analizi sonuçları ise ele alınan dönem için BIST 100 endeksi ile hem döviz kuru hem de faiz serisi arasında çift yönlü bir nedensellik ilişkisinin varlığını saptarken, BIST100 endeksinden altın fiyatlarına doğru tek yönlü bir nedensellik ilişkisi ortaya koymuştur. COVID-19 dönemi ele alındığında %5 anlamlılık düzeyinde seriler arasında bir uzun dönem ilişkisi bulunamamış olup, %10 anlamlılık düzeyinde bulunan bir eşbütünleşik ilişki için ise hata düzeltme mekanizması yalnızca bağımlı değişkenin faiz oranları olduğu durumda çalışmıştır. Ayrıca bu dönemde genel dönemdeki kısa dönem ilişkilerinin tersine BIST100 endeksindeki değişimi serinin kendisinden sonra en çok açıklayan değişkenin altın fiyatları olduğu saptanmış olup, altın fiyatlarından BIST100’e doğru ve BIST100’den faiz oranlarına doğru tek yönlü nedensellik ilişkileri elde edilmiştir.

Copyright of Journal of Academic Social Science Studies is the property of Journal of Academic Social Science Studies and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Amaç: 1980’li yıllarla birlikte küreselleşmeye başlayan ekonomik sistem, yabancı ve yerli yatırımcılara farklı ülkelerin finansal piyasalarında yatırım yapabilme imkânı sağlamıştır. Dolayısıyla finansal piyasalarda artan yatırımcı sayısının diğer paydaşlar üzerinde etkisi olabilmektedir. Buradan hareketle bu çalışmada, Borsa İstanbul’da yatırım yapan toplam yatırımcı sayısı ile toplam yerli yatırımcı sayısı arasındaki ilişki tespit edilmeye çalışılmıştır. Diğer bir ifadeyle, toplam yatırımcı sayısında meydana gelebilecek bir değişikliğin toplam yerli yatırımcı sayısını etkileyip etkilemediğinin araştırılması amaçlanmıştır. Yöntem: Çalışmada, 2006:1 – 2021:1 dönem aralığında Borsa İstanbul’da işlem yapan yerli ve toplam yatırımcı sayıları kullanılarak bir veri seti oluşturulmuştur. Elde edilen verilerin doğal logaritmik getirisi alındıktan sonra EViews10 programı yardımı ile Toda-Yamamoto ve Granger nedensellik testleri uygulanmıştır.Bulgular: Elde edilen bulgular neticesinde, hem Toda-Yamamoto hem de Granger nedensellik testlerine göre değişkenler arasında çift yönlü nedensellik ilişkisi tespit edilmiştir. Diğer bir ifadeyle, toplam yatırımcı sayısının artması yerli yatırımcı sayısının Granger nedeni iken, aynı zamanda yerli yatırımcı sayısının artması da toplam yatırımcı sayısının Granger nedeni olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Sonuç: Elde edilen bulgulardan hareketle; toplam yatırımcı sayısında yaşanan artışların yerli yatırımcıları cesaretlendirdiği ve daha fazla yerli yatırımcının Borsa İstanbul’da işlem yapmasına neden olduğu söylenebilir.

Copyright of Journal of Abant Social Sciences / Abant Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi is the property of Journal of Abant Social Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Emerging Economies & Policy is the property of JOEEP: Journal of Emerging Economies & Policy and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Social Sciences Research / Sosyal Bilimler Arastirmalari Dergisi is the property of ODU Journal of Social Sciences Research and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of International Journal of Economics & Political Sciences Academic Researches / Uluslararası Ekonomi ve Siyaset Bilimleri Akademik Araştırmalar Dergisi is the property of Journal of Economics & Political Sciences Academic Researches and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Sosyal güvenlik harcamalarının ekonomik büyümeye etkisi ile ilgili literatürde iki farklı görüş bulunmaktadır. Sosyal güvenlik harcamaları bir kamu harcamasıdır. Buna bağlı olarak, klasikler sosyal güvenlik harcamalarında gerçekleşecek artışın büyümeyi negatif etkileyeceğini savunur. Keynesyenlere göre ise bu tür harcamalardaki artış büyümeyi daha da artıracaktır. Çalışmanın amacı Türkiye’de sosyal güvenlik harcamalarının ekonomik büyümeye etkisinin olup olmadığını, etkisi var ise ne yönde olduğunu bulmaktır. Çalışmada 1975 ile 2017 dönemi arasında sosyal güvenlik harcamaları ve ekonomik büyüme arasındaki zamansal nedensellik ilişkisi incelenmektedir. Sosyal güvenlik harcamaları değişkeni olarak konsolide bütçe içerisinde sosyal güvenlik harcamalarının yüzdesel oranı verisi ve ekonomik büyüme değişkeni olarak gayrisafi yurtiçi hasılanın bir önceki yıla göre yüzdesel değişim verisi kullanılarak analiz yapılmıştır. Çalışmada Johansen (1988), Johansen ve Juselius (1990) ve Johansen (1991) çalışmalarında yer alan Johansen eşbütünleşme testi uygulanarak modeller için uzun dönemli ilişkiler araştırılmıştır. Bu araştırma neticesinde değişkenler arasında uzun dönem eşbütünleşme ilişkisinin varlığı tespit edilmiştir. Sosyal Güvenlik Harcamalarında gerçekleşen her 1 puanlık artışın ekonomik büyümede 1.05 puan artışa sebep olduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Değişkenler arasında nedensellik olup olmadığını araştırmak için Granger(1969) nedensellik testi yapılmıştır. Sosyal güvenlik harcamalarının ekonomik büyümenin nedeni olduğu fakat ekonomik büyümenin sosyal güvenlik harcamalarının nedeni olmadığı sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.

Aim: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic have included negative consequences both in health management and economic life at national and international level. The aim of this research is to examine the causal relationship between COVID-19 pandemic and agricultural commodity prices for the world. Material and Methods: To this end, we employ Toda-Yamamoto and Fourier Toda-Yamamoto causality tests for the period of January 24, 2020 to January 22, 2021. Before testing the causal relationship between variables, we apply augmented Dickey Fuller (ADF) and Fourier ADF unit root tests to each series to determine maximum order of integration. Results: The findings show that all variables are stationary in their first difference and the maximum order of integration is determined as 1. The results obtained from causality tests show that COVID-19 new cases Granger cause to coffee, sugar, cotton, corn, and soybean prices while COVID-19 new cases do not cause wheat and oats prices. It was also concluded that new deaths based on COVID-19 Granger cause to coffee, sugar, and cotton whereas COVID-19 new deaths do not cause to corn, soybean, wheat and oat prices. Conclusion: In this study, time series analysis based on Toda-Yamamoto and Fourier Toda-Yamamoto causality tests highlight that the COVID-19 total new cases and total new deaths in the world has predictive power to predict further prices of agricultural commodities. Therefore, in terms of health management, policy makers should give substantial significance to the implementation of COVID-19 related health policies and agricultural policies together during the COVID-19 pandemic period.

Copyright of Efil Journal of Economic Research / Efil Ekonomi Araştırmaları Dergisi is the property of Efil Journal of Economic Research and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Ar-Ge harcamaları yenilikte, verimlilik artışında ve ekonomik büyümede rol alan önemli bir motordur. Ar-Ge harcamalarına gereken önemi veren ülkeler, bilim ve teknoloji alanında ilerlemiş ve daha rekabetçi hale gelmişlerdir. Bu çalışmada, Türkiye’de Bilgi ve İletişim Teknolojileri Sektörü Ar-Ge harcamalarının gelişimi hakkında bilgi verilmiş, Ar-Ge harcamaları ve ekonomik büyüme ilişkisi Granger nedensellik testi yardımıyla 2003-2017 yılları arası veriler kullanılarak analiz edilmiştir. Dolayısıyla, Bilgi ve İletişim Teknolojileri sektörünün, sürdürülebilir ekonomik büyüme için önemi ortaya konulmuştur. Çalışmanın sonuçları, BİT Ar-Ge harcamaları ve BİT sektörü hasılası arasında iki yönlü bir nedensellik bulgusunu ortaya koymaktadır. Diğer bir deyişle, Ar-Ge harcamaları BİT sektörü hasılasını, BİT hasılası da Ar-Ge harcamalarını olumlu olarak etkilemektedir.

Ekonomik krizler tarih boyunca sadece ekonomik sistemleri etkisi altına almakla kalmamış aynı zamanda toplumun her kesimine etki etmiştir. İşçilerden öğrencilere, suç oranlarından yoksulluğa, aile hayatından gelir dağılımına kadar birçok sosyoekonomik olgu krizlerden etkilenmiştir. Bu çalışmada; tüm bu sosyoekonomik etkileri tek tek incelemek mümkün olmasa da, krizlerin işsizlik, suç ve intihar kavramları üzerine etkisi incelenmiştir. Granger nedensellik analizi yardımıyla yapılmış olan çalışma sonucunda, ekonomik kriz ve işsizlik arasında negatif yönlü bir nedensellik ilişkisi bulunmuştur. Literatürde bulunan birçok çalışmayı destekleyen bu bulgu, istihdamsız büyüme olgusu ile bağdaştırılmıştır. İşsizlik değişkeni, intihar değişkeninin Granger nedenidir hipotezi ise yapılan analiz ile doğrulanmıştır. Suç olgusunun, işsizlik üzerinden yansıyarak etki ettiği yönündeki hipotez doğrulanamamış olsa da, ekonomik krizler ile pozitif yönlü bir nedensellik ilişkisi ortaya çıkmıştır. Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu tarafından sağlanan verilerin yetersizliği ve yapılan diğer çalışmaların güncel olmamasından kaynaklı olarak yoksulluk verisine ulaşılamamıştır. Bu durum çalışma kısıdı olarak kabul edilmiştir.

In this study, relationship between non-performing loans and capital adequacy ratios is examined both for banking sector and deposit banks. Analysis period starts with 2005, in which the sector restored to a solid state; and post-2017 period is excluded because several amendments that artificially influences examined indicators took place in those years. Results show that non-performing loans do not have any adverse effect on capital adequacies; and when capital adequacy decreases, non-performing loans tend to increase but this increase did not reach to critical levels. It is possible to say that in the examined period, banking sector operates reliably without any need for concealing underlying problems and today, priority must be given to maintain macroeconomic and exchange rate stability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of the Cukurova University Institute of Social Sciences is the property of Cukurova University Institute of Social Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The discount rate used in determining the price of stocks is a function of macroeconomic variables. It is expected that the indirect effect of energy prices through its effect on economic activities and its direct effect, as it is the main cost input of enterprises, will cause an effect on stock prices. In this study, the effect of energy prices on selected stock market indices between 2011 and 2020 was investigated. While investigating this effect, Johensen-Juselius cointegration test, Granger causality test and variance decomposition model based on VAR model were used. In the analyzes made, a long-term relationship was found in the models established as a result of the J-J cointegration test, while in the Granger causality analysis, only the causality relationship from natural gas to BIST-ELECTRIC and from petroleum to BIST-ELECTRIC was determined. In the variance decomposition model, the effect of oil and natural gas is negligible in the BIST-100, BISTELEKTRIC and BIST-SINAI indices; At the end of the 30-day period in the BIST-TUM index, 93.9% is affected by its own shocks, 4.78% is affected by the shock caused by petroleum and 1.23% is affected by the shock caused by natural gas. In summary, it has been determined that stock market indices are affected by energy prices, but this effect is very small. It is thought that other macroeconomic variables are more effective in stock market indices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Bingol University Journal of Economics & Administrative Science is the property of Bingol University Journal of Economics & Administrative Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Kafkas University, Journal of Economics & Administrative Sciences Faculty / Kafkas Üniversitesi Iktisadi ve Idari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi is the property of University of Kafkas, Faculty of Economics & Administrative Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Afyon Kocatepe University Journal of Social Sciences / Afyon Kocatepe Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi is the property of Afyon Kocatepe University (AKU) Sosyal Bilimler Enstitusu and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of International Journal of Economic & Social Research is the property of Abant Izzet Baysal University, Faculty of Economics & Administrative Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This study aims to examine the relationship between sovereign risk and financial performance of the Turkish banking industry in order to identify the interaction channels between these two. To this end, financial data relating to the Turkish banking industry were analyzed based on the CAMELS rating system and were compared with Turkey's Credit Default Swap rates using the most appropriate causality analysis tools. The results showed that there are significant causal relations between sovereign risk and several banking industry indicators of CAMELS rating groups. Significant results were obtained especially as to the causalities between sovereign risk and CAMELS components, which are Capital Adequacy, Asset Quality, Liquidity, and Sensitivity. Empirical study indicates that 13 variables out 26 variables have causal relationship with credit default swap rates according to Toda and Yamamoto Granger non-causality test results. Although the directions of causality vary among these variables, those results, which indicate influence of credit default swap rates on banking performance indicators, are remarkable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Financial Researches & Studies / Finansal Araştirmalar ve Çalişmalar Dergisi is the property of Marmara University, School of Banking & Insurance and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Çankırı Karatekin University Journal of the Faculty of Economics & Administrative Sciences is the property of Cankiri Karatekin University, Faculty of Economics & Administrative Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Understanding the effects of investment funds, whose size and popularity are rapidly increasing, on the financial markets is very important for investors. Investors examine past price movements and predict future price movements and try to predict future return distributions in this way. However, institutions that have oversight and supervision responsibilities also attach importance to the level of efficiency in the market, especially in the stock markets of developing countries. In this study, traded on Borsa Istanbul(BIST 100) ' in Turkey 33 Total securities investment fund for returns and current price pressure of the relationship between hypothesis, information hypothesis, the four alternative hypotheses including feedback commerce hypothesis and correction hypothesis is intended to test and examination. The relationships between fund flows and stock returns were analyzed with the VAR model. According to the causality results based on the VAR model, one-way negative causality was obtained between securities mutual funds and stock returns, from stock returns to investment fund flows. This result advocates the "correction hypothesis" from the four hypotheses examined. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Amaç: Kripto para birimleri teknolojinin gelişmesiyle birlikte son yıllarda önem kazanmış ve daha çok kullanılır hale gelmiştir. Merkezi bir otoriteye bağlı olmayan ve kriptografik sistemler ile güvenliği sağlanan bu para birimlerinden en bilineni Bitcoin’dir. Bu çalışmada, başlıca kripto para birimleri ve işleyiş süreçleri incelenmiştir. Buna ek olarak Bitcoin’in döviz, hisse senedi emtia piyasaları ve faiz ile olan ilişkisi ele alınmıştır. Yöntem: Çalışmada kullanılan veri setinin frekansı aylık olup Mart-2012 ile Mayıs-2018 dönemini kapsamaktadır. Zaman serisi yöntemlerinden Johansen Eşbütünleşme ve Granger Nedensellik analizleri uygulanmıştır. Bulgular: Çalışmanın sonuçlarına göre, Bitcoin fiyatlarının artan bir trende ve yüksek bir volatiliteye sahip olduğu görülmektedir. Faiz değişkeni ile Bitcoin fiyatları arasında diğer analizler ve Granger nedensellik testi sonuçlarına göre istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir ilişki vardır.

Current account balance deficits that exist in developed and developing countries have been the subject of research for many years. In the theoretical and empirical literature, there is a lot of research on the concept of twin deficit and triplet deficit. The importance of the output gap, which is the basis of the triple deficit, has been discussed in recent years. The positive interaction of relations between triplet deficits and output deficits is called the "quadruple deficits hypothesis". In this study, the presence of a quadruple deficit in Turkey in the period 1990-2019 is tested by VAR and Ganger casusality methods. While the findings provide evidence of the relationship between savings investment balance and output balance, the results of the Granger causality test show that there are no quadruple deficits in Turkey. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic have included negative consequences both in health management and economic life at national and international level. The aim of this research is to examine the causal relationship between COVID-19 pandemic and agricultural commodity prices for the world. Material and Methods: To this end, we employ Toda-Yamamoto and Fourier Toda-Yamamoto causality tests for the period of January 24, 2020 to January 22, 2021. Before testing the causal relationship between variables, we apply augmented Dickey Fuller (ADF) and Fourier ADF unit root tests to each series to determine maximum order of integration. Results: The findings show that all variables are stationary in their first difference and the maximum order of integration is determined as 1. The results obtained from causality tests show that COVID-19 new cases Granger cause to coffee, sugar, cotton, corn, and soybean prices while COVID-19 new cases do not cause wheat and oats prices. It was also concluded that new deaths based on COVID-19 Granger cause to coffee, sugar, and cotton whereas COVID-19 new deaths do not cause to corn, soybean, wheat and oat prices. Conclusion: In this study, time series analysis based on Toda-Yamamoto and Fourier Toda-Yamamoto causality tests highlight that the COVID-19 total new cases and total new deaths in the world has predictive power to predict further prices of agricultural commodities. Therefore, in terms of health management, policy makers should give substantial significance to the implementation of COVID-19 related health policies and agricultural policies together during the COVID-19 pandemic period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Selcuk University Social Sciences Institute Journal is the property of Selcuk University Social Sciences Institute Journal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Aksaray University Faculty of Economics & Administrative Sciences / Aksaray Üniversitesi Iktisadi ve Idari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi is the property of Aksaray University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Financial Researches & Studies / Finansal Araştirmalar ve Çalişmalar Dergisi is the property of Marmara University, School of Banking & Insurance and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In this study, it is analyzed that how Turkish trade is affected by trade and currency wars. The data used in the study were taken from the World Bank, Turkish Statistical Institute (TUIK), Central Bank of Turkey Republic (CBRT) and OECD databases. In the analysis section, the effects of tariffs and dollar exchange rate on Turkey's total trade are examined by 1980- 2019 data. According to the results, trade wars slowed down Turkey's foreign trade. According to the Granger Causality results derivate from the study, customs tariffs and exchange rates are the cause of foreign trade. Therefore, there is a relationship between foreign trade and tariffs and exchange rate variables. As a result, the increase of tariff and nontariff barriers could undermine Turkey's trade and economic growth. Despite the lack of a significant effect of trade and currency wars in Turkey in the short term, it can leave lasting effects in the long run. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study investigates the causal nexus between export and output growth of Japan to identify the validity of the export-led growth (ELG) hypothesis in a modified theoretical setting. The study is unique in the sense that it takes the Japanese crisis of 1992 into account and also addresses the possible income identification problem that most of the earlier studies largely ignored. The direction and extent to which the explanatory variables, namely, exports, imports, capital expenditure, total labor productivity and a dummy representing the crisis affect the industrial output are investigated employing both Granger causality and Leveraged Bootstrap Simulation Techniques. Both of the approaches suggest that the relationship between exports and output growth is not unidirectional which implies that export promotion cannot be regarded as a tool to promote economic growth for Japan that has important implications for policymakers to set suitable strategies to boost its economic growth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As at the top of the precious metals, gold has been historically seen as a symbol of wealth, economic power and prosperity by both countries and households. There are many studies supply and demand based on discussions of the factors affecting gold prices in the literature. Especially in recent years the gold prices have seen the historical peak level might well be the main reason of choosing subject of this study. In this study, it is aimed whether there is long run Granger causality between gold prices and other chosen variables with using weekly data between 2015 and 2019. In the model, while gold prices are determined as dependent variables, oil prices, BIST100 Index, exchange rate (USD) are determined as independent variables of VIX Index. In the study, it is examined whether the existence of a long-term relationship between variables with using the cointegration tests. In addition, in order to reveal the effect of the shocks in the variables in the long term, VAR analysis was applied. According to the results of VAR analysis, a longterm relationship has been determined between gold prices and other independent variables. In the light of the empirical findings, it can be said that there are Granger causality relationships between gold prices and BIST 100 Index, oil prices and exchange rate variables. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of International Journal of Economic & Social Research is the property of Abant Izzet Baysal University, Faculty of Economics & Administrative Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Bu çalışmada Türkiye’nin 2005 yılı Ocak ayı ile 2016 yılı Eylül ayları arasında gerçekleşen makroekonomik değişkenleri ile kredi derecelendirme kuruluşu Moody’s Investors Service Inc.’in yine bu tarih aralığında duyurduğu kredi notları arasında bir nedenselliğin var olup olmadığı araştırılmıştır. Çalışmanın ekonomik analiz kısmında Türkiye’nin söz konusu tarih aralığında sahip olduğu TÜFE, GSYİH, doğrudan yabancı yatırım miktarı ve işsizlik değerleri veri olarak alınmış, diğer taraftan hâlihazırda dünyanın en büyük pazar payına sahip kredi derecelendirme kuruluşu Moody’s Investors Service Inc.’ in duyurduğu kredi notları ve görünümler sayısal değerlerle yeniden düzenlenerek analize katılmıştır. Analizde ilk önce serilerin durağan olup olmadıkları araştırılmış, sonrasında ise Johansen eşbütünleşme testi uygulanmıştır. Eşbütünleşme testi sonucunda da seriler arasında uzun dönemli bir ilişkiden bahsedebileceği ancak kredi notları ile makroekonomik veriler arasında herhangi bir nedensellik ilişkisinin olmadığı sonucuna varılmıştır.

Copyright of Itobiad: Journal of the Human & Social Science Researches / İnsan ve Toplum Bilimleri Araştırmaları Dergisi is the property of Itobiad: Journal of the Human & Social Science Researches and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Istanbul Commerce University Journal of Social Sciences / İstanbul Ticaret Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi is the property of Istanbul Commerce University Journal of Social Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Econder International Academic Journal is the property of Econder International Academic Journal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)