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Copyright of Trashumante. Revista Americana de Historia Social is the property of Universidad de Antioquia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Based on collections of Slovenian folk songs published during the First World War, this paper presents Slovenian folk songs as an element of national identification during the Great War. The war period between 1914 and 1918 marked the beginning of the intense emancipation in Slovenian history, which was also reflected in the cultural sphere. At the beginning of the war, old military folk songs were revived in Slovenia, which easily identified with the events of the time and provided emotional and, above all, moral support for the mobilised Slovenian men. On the basis of an analysis of the lyrics of selected songs, are presented the elements of national identification, in which are also recognised their broader socio-cultural meaning. The liveliness of the songs among Slovenian soldiers at that time is sketched on the basis of analyses of photographs, records, occasional documents and unique sound recordings. The paper highlights the importance of Slovenian folk songs as a historical source in which intimate emotions of individuals can be recognised, as well as the collective memory and identifications of the larger community - the nation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Le montagne del Giogo dello Stelvio sono uno scrigno di tesori che documentano e narrano della Grande guerra. Un insieme di vestigia nascoste per oltre un secolo tra i ghiacci di vette alte più di 3000 metri e disvelate oggi a seguito del progressivo aumento delle temperature. Un sistema complesso di piccole fortificazioni, trincee, postazioni d’artiglieria e gallerie per il ricovero di soldati e mezzi che è testimonianza dei violenti scontri combattuti tra i gruppi montuosi dell’Ortles-Cevedale, del Tonale e dell’Adamello. Un sistema integrato in cui l’architettura militare si fonde con il paesaggio, mimetizzandosi con i materiali e i colori del contesto ambientale di alta quota, e la roccia si trasforma in costruito per accogliere spazi e funzioni necessari alla sopravvivenza degli uomini. Una storia poco raccontata ma utile a far conoscere un differente punto di vista del conflitto da diffondere e comunicare anche con gli strumenti della Scienza del Disegno. Il compito del rilevatore è dunque quello di restituire, grazie alla rappresentazione grafica, la misura del territorio e la raffigurazione del paesaggio. Il saggio presenta gli esiti di uno studio storico-architettonico e paesistico che ha incluso la ricostruzione virtuale della fortificazione del valico: dall’acquisizione condotta con sistemi del tipo Aeromobile a Pilotaggio Remoto (APR) alla restituzione tramite la modellazione 3D. Un luogo particolare che l’indagine diretta e l’occhio elettronico dei sensori, che dall’alto del cielo possono leggere la particolarità celata tra le alte vette, hanno permesso di percepire e documentare al fine di conservarne la materia e la memoria.

Le classi subalterne hanno scritto il loro «diario» della prima guerra mondiale? Fino agli anni Settanta gli storici, in Italia e non solo, pensavano di no. Avevano dimenticato lezioni come quella del filologo austriaco Leo Spitzer, il primo a raccogliere e a studiare le lettere dei prigionieri di guerra italiani. Negli anni Settanta ci fu un improvviso risveglio dell’attenzione sulle lettere, i diari e le memorie dei soldati semplici e della gente comune. Il saggio descrive i protagonisti, le tappe e le caratteristiche di questa rivoluzione di prospettiva sull’evento sconvolgente che ha aperto il secolo ventesimo.

Copyright of Trashumante. Revista Americana de Historia Social is the property of Universidad de Antioquia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista de Direito Internacional is the property of Revista de Direito Internacional and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Esiste una letteratura che, in periodo di guerra, pone esplicitamente a tema la problematica della perdita d’identità. Ne esiste un’altra, di più intima estrazione, che solo in filigrana dimostra d’aver colto la sfida imposta dal senso imperante di smarrimento. Guardando in fino al passaggio tra le prime due opere poetiche di Ungaretti — L’Allegria e Sentimento del tempo — è possibile intendere l’evoluzione del lessico, del metro e del concetto di tempo come lo svolgimento di un vero e proprio ufficio civile, atto ad esorcizzare col canto la palpabile onnipresenza della morte. Se l’Italia tutta chiede all’Ungaretti del Carso di trovare un barlume d’amore in una natura dilaniata, essa chiede all’Ungaretti del dopoguerra uno strumento per respingere la morte in un’atmosfera di ritrovato amore. Il poeta, a guisa dello stregone del magismo lucano descritto anni dopo da Ernesto De Martino, percuote il tamburo del metro, allontana il pericolo, e si pone propriamente al servizio di un’identità in ricostruzione.

Questo contributo ha come intento quello di presentare il rapporto tra uno dei giornalisti italiani più importanti di inizio Novecento, Arnaldo Fraccaroli, e la Serbia nei primi mesi della Grande Guerra. Fraccaroli viene annoverato dagli studiosi tra quei giornalisti quali Barzini, Civinini, Ojetti e altri che, con il loro lavoro e il loro stile di scrittura, hanno rappresentato un punto di svolta nella storia della carta stampata italiana. Piuttosto noto al grande pubblico durante la lunga carriera, il giornalista veronese, in parte fnito nel dimenticatoio dopo la sua morte, è stato riportato di recente all’attenzione dei lettori da un’accurata biografa scritta nel 2019 da Gian Pietro Olivetto. “La dolce vita di Fraka, cronista del Corriere della Sera” è il titolo dell’opera, da cui questo lavoro attinge parte delle informazioni sull’autore. La riscoperta di Fraccaroli, però, non si limita soltanto al libro di Olivetto, poiché nel 2017 la casa editrice Prometej di Novi Sad ha pubblicato la traduzione del libro “La Serbia nella sua terza guerra: lettere dal campo serbo”, scritto dal cronista italiano nel 1915. Questo testo, una raccolta di osservazioni e impressioni di viaggio annotate dal giornalista durante un viaggio da Salonicco a Belgrado nell’inverno del 1915, offre la possibilità, fnora poco approfondita, di considerare il lavoro di Fraccaroli nella prospettiva di un tramite tra i lettori italiani e la difcile realtà serba in quei primi mesi di guerra.

Copyright of ARTis ON is the property of ARTIS - Instituto de Historia da Arte da Faculdade de Letras da Universidade de Lisboa and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

L’immagine di un Regno Unito visto come Eden inconsapevole della tragedia che sta per lacerarlo è diffusa, ma piuttosto falsa. L’apparente serenità nasconde una violenza latente e gravi questioni interne e la guerra, quindi, non fa altro che accelerare un processo già in atto. Di tutta la letteratura inglese del Ventesimo secolo, la poesia di guerra sembra, sotto molti punti di vista, una “parentesi” all’interno del panorama letterario. La war poetry è il prodotto di un determinato periodo storico, sociale e culturale venutosi a formare nella Prima guerra mondiale. Tra i migliori poeti della Grande Guerra troviamo Rupert Brooke, Wilfred Owen e Siegfried Sassoon. Il fatto che molti poeti siano ufficiali – ma non alti ufficiali – permette loro di essere in contatto, a livello socio-culturale, con i ranghi elevati dell’esercito e, fisicamente, con i soldati semplici. In questo modo hanno una visione più ampia della realtà in trincea.

In my essay, I examine Mario Monicelli’s La Grande Guerra, in order to verify if its comic and anti-heroic perspective really leads to a new concept of WWI. I first retrace the director’s previous filmography, where the characters, genres and patterns which will recur in La Grande Guerra originally take shape. I then reconstruct the movie’s genesis, focusing on the sources the screenwriters refer to: not only WWI movies and memories, such as Kubrick’s Paths of Glory and Lussu’s Un anno sull’Altipiano, but also, quite unexpectedly, La vita militare by De Amicis. On this basis, I analyse the representation of the war, in its figurative and narrative elements. In many senses, it’s a war seen from the ground, and indeed the scenography and script take inspiration from the soldiers’ pictures of the front and their military songs. In this realistic context, Monicelli develops the plot of two cowardly privates, from a poor, undisciplined background, who ultimately identify with their nation enough to sacrifice themselves for their compatriots. The purpose of highlighting the unacknowledged war contribution of the mass, however, is somehow contradicted by the army’s image. The comic and anti-heroic aspects, indeed, concern only the low-ranked soldiers, while the Command is represented in a sentimental way. In this respect, Monicelli confirms a rhetoric coming from De Amicis, and later inherited by Fascism: the army as an image of a model society, where North and South, rich and poor, educated and illiterate unite, and where everyone deserves his hierarchical rank.

Copyright of Cuadernos del Centro de Estudios de Diseño y Comunicación is the property of Cuadernos del Centro de Estudios de Diseno y Comunicacion and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Italica is the property of University of Illinois Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Semata: Ciencias Sociais e Humanidades is the property of Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Servicio de Publicaciones and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

L’articolo si propone di indagare il funzionamento della censura postale e dei tribunali militari durante la Grande Guerra attraverso il rapporto epistolare intercorso fra i sospettati di diserzione e i propri familiari, con particolare attenzione alle testimonianze del fondo del Tribunale Supremo Militare conservato presso l’Archivio Centrale dello Stato a Roma. Dopo una prima ricostruzione del funzionamento della censura postale militare in Italia durante gli anni del primo conflitto mondiale, viene dato risalto al dibattito storiografico circa l’uso delle lettere come fontI per la storia. Al rapporto tra censura postale e giustizia militare viene dedicata l’ultima parte dell’articolo, con particolare rilievo al caso degli accusati di diserzione. In questa sede, vengono resi noti tre testi, sinora inediti, conservati nel fondo del Tribunale Supremo Militare. Si tratta di una lettera e due cartoline, tutte spedite tra il giugno e l’agosto del 1916 da o per la Sicilia. Si è scelto di circoscrivere l’attenzione al territorio siciliano in quanto la regione, ai margini del regno d’Italia e lontana dalla linea del fuoco, è al momento al centro degli interessi di ricerca dell’autore, sulla scia di un recente filone di studi riguardante la partecipazione dell’isola alla Grande Guerra. Dal punto di vista storiografico, si tratta di fonti estremamente interessanti poiché, da una parte, testimoniano il modo di operare e le scelte della censura militare, dall'altra, ci raccontano quali fossero le emozioni, i sentimenti e la posta in gioco per i militari e le loro famiglie nel caso in cui si passasse dall'altro lato del campo come prigionieri e si fosse per questo accusati di diserzione.

During WWI, hundreds of thousands of soldiers of the Austrian-Hungarian Army fell into enemy hands. Reverse, also a great number of alien soldiers were captured by the armed forces of the Danube Monarchy. Austria-Hungary’s military intelligence looked upon this fact in different ways: captured soldiers were seen both as “security risk” and “information source”. Using the example of Austrian-Hungarian homecomers from Russian captivity and Russian POWs in the Dual Monarchy the article strives to show how Austria-Hungary’s military intelligence met this challenge of differentiating between “trust and mistrust”. Moreover, the text gives special attention to the question, whether the intelligence service of a multinational Empire was confronted with particular problems when gaining information and preventing espionage.

Em 1942, na sua autobiografia Die Welt von Gestern (O mundo de ontem) o famoso escritor e pacifista austríaco Stefan Zweig apresentava-se como alguém que, por via do seu cosmopolitismo, tinha conseguido resistir ao poder aglutinador do início da Grande Guerra. Esta auto-representação não correspondia, porém, ao que havia acontecido. Na realidade, a posição de Zweig fora bastante ambígua e, em grande parte, só chegara a clarificar-se graças à intervenção do autor francês Romain Rolland. No contexto de turvação e pós-verdades do século XXI, faz sentido lembrar estas maiores ou menores “falsificações” e evocar a amizade mantida por dois intelectuais de países adversários durante a Primeira Guerra Mundial. O presente trabalho centrar-se-á nos episódios desse período em que a ligação entre os dois autores mais determinante se revelou para o posicionamento artístico e humano do escritor austríaco.

Copyright of Historia: Questoes & Debates is the property of Universidade Federal do Parana and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Storia Urbana is the property of FrancoAngeli srl and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Storia Urbana is the property of FrancoAngeli srl and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Biblos: Revista da Faculdade de Letras da Universidade de Coimbra is the property of Imprensa da Universidade de Coimbra and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The end of the Great War has been long considered as a caesura, with an emphasis on the breaking point between the collapse of the Empires and the formation of the new nation-states. Recent scholarship on the post-war paramilitary violence and on the imperial transformations and transitions in the space between the Adriatic, Baltic, and Black Sea (1917-1923) has challenged this approach, emphasizing continuities of the war experiences and of the imperial legacies in the context of the "Long First World War" (1911-1923). This discussion aims at drawing up a balance sheet of the recent historiography, starting from three interventions. Iryna Vushko examines the biographies of ex-Habsburg officials and politicians in the successor states and their persistent connections with the imperial past; Emily Greble focuses on the imperial legacies in the legal definition of the rights of the Muslim minority in Yugoslavia within the new international order; Matè Rigò investigates the difficulties of the economic reconstruction and of the settlement of the minority question both in Alsace-Lorraine and Transylvania. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

O presente artigo resulta de uma investigação realizada no âmbito do tema “Quotidianos e Sociabilidades Portuenses no Contexto da Grande Guerra” desenvolvida entre a Escola Superior de Educação do Porto e o Arquivo Distrital do Porto. Procura, através da análise de quatro fundos – Processos de Passaporte dos Emigrantes (cartas de chamada); Companhia de Carris de Ferro do Porto; Processos de Admissão da Casa dos Hospícios do Porto (Casa da Roda); e, Livro de Registos Notariais – contribuir para o conhecimento dos quotidianos e sociabilidades na cidade do Porto durante a I Guerra Mundial, mais concretamente no ano de 1917. Pretende-se esboçar a importância dos arquivos como fonte primária de salvaguarda de um património documental inigualável, solidificado pelas personalidades e acontecimentos históricos que imortaliza. A análise da documentação, aqui entendida como elemento construtor de uma memória coletiva e identitária, revelou uma cidade marcada pela emigração para o continente sul americano e a perda de um contingente ativo alargado, pela miséria e pela fome de muitas famílias pertencentes a classes mais pobres, que viam na casa dos hospícios a única salvação para os seus filhos, e uma cidade onde a guerra teve consequências no setor comercial e associativo.

No dia 4 de janeiro de 1865, durante a Grande Guerra (1864-1870), a vila de Corumbá, assentada à margem direita do rio Paraguai, na província de Mato Grosso, foi ocupada pelos soldados paraguaios sem resistência alguma. A notícia da aproximação dos invasores causou uma corrida desordenada dos militares responsáveis pela defesa da vila, que, apinhados nas canoas disponíveis, partiram em direção à Cuiabá deixando grande parte da população e o local desguarnecidos. Este artigo apresenta alguns dos principais efeitos enfrentados em Corumbá a partir da deflagração do conflito entre Brasil e Paraguai.

I diari di guerra gaddiani sono un documento memorialistico notevole sotto vari profili: biografico, storico, antropologico e anche letterario. Partito per il fronte della Grande Guerra con la baldanza dell’interventista figlio di buona famiglia, il giovane autore vi registra il tracciato di una crisi esistenziale in cui si rispecchia la stessa crisi nazionale italiana, attraverso la disfatta di Caporetto e l’esperienza annichilente della cattività germanica. Referto analitico, meticoloso, ossessivo della propria vicenda psicologica e militare, l’annotazione frastagliata di Gadda ora si inarca verso la contemplazione tragica di alti ideali disattesi ora inclina alla contraffazione umoristica del vissuto. Il risentimento etico-civile e il grottesco pluristilistico del futuro narratore sono davvero enucleati lungo la scrittura del Giornale di guerra e di prigionia, che si viene configurando come inopinato laboratorio di composizione letteraria e in pari tempo lacerante regesto di aberrazioni sociopolitiche.

This article analyzes forms of political violence in the area of the former Austrian Littoral in the first years after the Great War. This period was characterized by extreme political instability, economic insecurity and violence. The question of how different societies managed to interact despite volatile and hostile political conditions is of enormous importance to the history of the region. Based on archival research the essay will investigate questions related to ruptures and continuity of violence before and after 1918, forms of military and paramilitary violence and the role of the new Italian authorities in the management of violence until the beginning of the Fascist regime. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article aims to understand the religious experiences of the Portuguese military during the Great War in the three theaters of operations where the Portuguese forces fought: southern Angola, northern Mozambique and Flanders. Memories, diaries and chronicles of war were used as sources of investigation. We tried to analyze the collective and individual religious experience and the way in which it evolved during the war. We explored the reasons that led to its flowering and the phenomena that gave it relevance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main goal of the presente article is to analise the football during the First World War (1914- 1918). This conflit, named "Great War" by contemporaries, left a strong mark in millions of people. Many football players had reinforced the military forces, so we want to understand the impact of war in football clubs and the life of those players in frontline. For Portugal, matter to analise the effects of this world conflit in national football. By one hand, the war put a lot of problems to the development of this sport. In other side, football adapted and helped the war victims by solidarity games. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, through the analysis of the minutes of the various town hall meetings, we sought to verify the political position of the Oporto City Council in relation to the portuguese participation in the Great War. The period chosen was that of the years 1916 to 1918, when Portugal was officially involved in the conflict. In addition to the political dimension, we also sought to verify the measures taken by the municipality to face the so-called crisis of subsistence, and what traces the war have left in the city, particularly on its toponymy and on its inhabitants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One hundred years have passed since one of the most terrific conflicts that history has ever known. From Naulila to Flandres the Portuguese participation was involved in an intricate set of shenanigans till the German declaration of war, which proved to be a disastrous experience. With the Great War, international socialism was fractured around the defense or condemnation of the conflict. Among the political forces of that time, the Portuguese Socialist Party, in spite of being a small party that was facing numerous differences in ideological terms, early condemned a possible Portuguese intervention in the war. The measures taken by Porto Socialists would be decisive in order to tack the positions and directions of a split party, terrified by the atmosphere of a Europe in shock. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The difficulties of the portuguese urban towns to be supplied with staple food caused a deep escalation of prices and diverse moments of generalized hunger in the most underprivileged layers of our society during the Great War. From the need to study these harmful effects in a circumscribed geographic area, this article addresses the «question of subsistence» within the community of Setúbal, then the third city with the highest demographic index in the country and characterized as a working and fishing region. From the institutional point of view, the present study will emphasize the inoperative measures of the City Hall within the framework of the 'war economy' and exemplify the difficulties that a social solidarity institution such as Misericórdia de Setúbal experienced. Among the impacts addressed, it will be analyzed the intense social upheaval generated by famine, that was marked by collective assaults on farms and commercial establishments, by strikes and by anti-interventionist protests of a «working class volcano» that erupted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

When Portugal enters the Great War, the Portuguese ports were not prepared to defend themselves against any German attacks, even the Lisbon harbour. Only after Portugal enters the war, that army and naval authorities establish the first joint plans for the defense of Douro and Leixões. However, the port remains closed until the British implement new countermeasures. Later, the French establish a patrol boat base in Leixões, to support inshore convoys traveling between the Mediterranean and the Atlantic. An air force base in S. Jacinto, Aveiro, backs this base with French crews and planes. Through unpublished documentation, we will try to analyze naval events in the area of Leixões and Oporto during the Great War. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With this text, we try to highlight the recent renewal of the historiographical approach around The Great War. In this perspective, we decided to call for new articles to be included in this issue of História-Revista da FLUP around the Great War. The response was rewarding, with new and diverse approaches to the theme, which we present here in a summarized way. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Ler Historia is the property of Ler Historia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Annali di Storia delle Università Italiane is the property of CISUI: Centro Interuniversitario per la Storia delle Universita Italiane and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Robert Gerwarth summarizes the most recent historiographical trends of, reconsidering the first post-war period within a broader chronological and geographical framework, extending from 1917 to 1923 and shifting the focus from Western to East Central Europe. In this context, shaped by military defeats, conflicts between revolution and counter-revolution, collapse of the Empires, violence is considered as the key factor. However, this review emphasises the need to integrate attention to the disrupting political and social effects of the Great War with the efforts of institutional and economic reconstruction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Archeologia Postmedievale is the property of Edizioni all'Insegna del Giglio and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Archeologia Postmedievale is the property of Edizioni all'Insegna del Giglio and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Archeologia Postmedievale is the property of Edizioni all'Insegna del Giglio and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Annali d'Italianistica is the property of Annali d'Italianistica, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)