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Versatile sensing matrixes are essential for the development of enzyme-immobilized optical biosensors. A novel three-dimensional titanium dioxide nanotubes/alginate hydrogel scaffold is proposed for the detection of sweat biomarkers, lactate, and glucose in artificial sweat. Hydrothermally synthesized titanium dioxide nanotubes were introduced to the alginate polymeric matrix, followed by cross-linking nanocomposite with dicationic calcium ions to fabricate the scaffold platform. Rapid colorimetric detection (blue color optical signal) was carried out for both lactate and glucose biomarkers in artificial sweat at 4 and 6 min, respectively. The superhydrophilicity and the capillarity of the synthesized titanium dioxide nanotubes, when incorporated into the alginate matrix, facilitate the rapid transfer of the artificial sweat components throughout the sensor scaffold, decreasing the detection times. Moreover, the scaffold was integrated on a cellulose paper to demonstrate the adaptability of the material to other matrixes, obtaining fast and homogeneous colorimetric detection of lactate and glucose in the paper substrate when image analysis was performed. The properties of this new composite provide new avenues in the development of paper-based sensor devices. The biocompatibility, the efficient immobilization of biological enzymes/colorimetric assays, and the quick optical signal readout behavior of the titanium dioxide nanotubes/alginate hydrogel scaffolds provide a prospective opportunity for integration into wearable devices. The authors acknowledge support from Gobierno de Espana, Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad (Grant No. BIO2016-80417-P) (AEI/FEDER, UE), "Ministerio de Ciencia y Educacion de Espana" under grant PID2020-120313GB-I00/AIE/10.13039/501100011033 and the Basque Government (Grant IT1271-19). This project has received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under the Marie Sklodowska-Curie Grant Agreement No. 766007. The authors convey their special thanks to SGIker of the University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU) and Dr. Javier G. Inanez for the technical equipment facility support. F.B.-L. and L.B.-D. acknowledge the "Red de Microfluidica Espanola" RED2018102829-T.

In this article some biochemical indexes of top swimmers based on bibliographical sources are studied. The most important parameters tested are hemoglobin, lactic acid, glucoses, protein, minerals and enzyme complexity. These indexes have great importance în monitoring the results of top swimmers în order to improve their performance.

A colite por exclusão é descrita como processo inflamatório que ocorre nos segmentos colorretais desprovidos do trânsito fecal. A deficiência dos ácidos graxos de cadeia curta vem sendo considerada como principal fator causal. OBJETIVO: O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar, em modelo experimental de colite de exclusão, a importância da irrigação do segmento desprovido de trânsito com soluções nutricionais na prevenção e tratamento do processo inflamatório. MÉTODO: Foram utilizados trinta ratos Wistar, machos, com peso inicial variando entre 350 e 500 gramas, submetidos à derivação do trânsito intestinal através da realização de colostomia proximal e fístula mucosa distal. Os animais foram divididos em três grupos de 10 animais segundo a irrigação do segmento excluso de trânsito ter sido realizada, empregando-se: Grupo SF: solução fisiológica a 0,9%; Grupo GH: solução de glicose a 50%; e Grupo AG: solução de ácidos graxos de cadeia curta. Em todos os animais, a irrigação do colo excluso foi realizada em intervalos de quatro dias sendo sacrificados sempre no 21º pós-operatório. Os fragmentos removidos dos segmentos intestinais foram corados pelas técnicas da hematoxilina-eosina e tricrômio de Masson. As variáveis histológicas estudadas foram: espessura da túnica mucosa, congestão vascular; infiltrado inflamatório e a deposição de colágeno. Os resultados encontrados foram submetidos a estudo estatístico considerando nível de significância de 5% (p< 0,05). RESULTADOS: Verificou-se que no grupo onde se irrigou o cólon excluso com solução de ácidos graxos de cadeia curta houve menor congestão vascular, menor infiltrado inflamatório e menor deposição de colágeno quando comparado aos demais grupos experimentais. CONCLUSÃO: Os resultados do presente trabalho mostram que a irrigação de segmentos desprovidos de trânsito fecal com ácidos graxos de cadeia curta, encontra-se relacionada à melhora no processo inflamatório decorrente visto na colite de exclusão.Diversion colitis is described as an inflammatory process that occurs in the colorectal segments excluded of the fecal stream. The deficiency of the short-chain fatty acids inside of intestinal lumen was considered the main etiologic factor. AIM: The aim of the present study was valued, in experimental model of diversion colitis, the importance of the irrigation of the segment without fecal stream with nutritional solutions in prevention and treatment of the colic mucosa inflammation. METHOD: There were used thirty Wistar males rats, with initial weight varying between 350 and 500 grammas, submitted to the derivation of the fecal stream through proximal colostomy and distal mucous fistula. The animals were divided in three groups with 10 animals according to the irrigation of the excluded colic segment had been carried out with: SF Group: 0.9 % physiologic solution; GH Group: hypertonic glucose solution of 50 % and AG Group: solution of short-chain fatty acids. In all the animals, the irrigation of the excluded colon was carried each four days and the animals were sacrificed ever in 21st post-operative day. The removed fragments of the intestinal segments were colored by the techniques of hematoxylin-eosin and Masson trichromium. The histological variables studied were: thickness of the mucous layer, vascular congestion; inflammatory infiltrate and the level of tissue collagen. The considered results were subjected to statistical study considering signification level of 5 % (p

We induced clinical form of sepsis in rats by cecal ligation and perforation (CLP) with mixed and pure culture of bacteria, with the aim to monitor glucose concentration in sepsis. The trial was carried out on 104 male rats, Wistar strain, body mass 190 to 240 g. The rats were divided in four groups consisting of 28 animals, and a control group of 20 animals. The period of observations were 12, 24, 72 and 120 hours after surgical intervention. In the examined sepsis model, a significant hypoglycemic activity was noticed in early sepsis (12 and 24 hours), but in the group with mixed bacteria culture only after 72 hours. Hyperglycemia was registered in late sepsis (72 hours) in the group of rats where sepsis was caused by pure bacterial culture of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, without statistic significance compared to the findings in the control group.

A colite por exclusão é descrita como processo inflamatório que ocorre nos segmentos colorretais desprovidos do trânsito fecal. A deficiência dos ácidos graxos de cadeia curta vem sendo considerada como principal fator causal. OBJETIVO: O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar, em modelo experimental de colite de exclusão, a importância da irrigação do segmento desprovido de trânsito com soluções nutricionais na prevenção e tratamento do processo inflamatório. MÉTODO: Foram utilizados trinta ratos Wistar, machos, com peso inicial variando entre 350 e 500 gramas, submetidos à derivação do trânsito intestinal através da realização de colostomia proximal e fístula mucosa distal. Os animais foram divididos em três grupos de 10 animais segundo a irrigação do segmento excluso de trânsito ter sido realizada, empregando-se: Grupo SF: solução fisiológica a 0,9%; Grupo GH: solução de glicose a 50%; e Grupo AG: solução de ácidos graxos de cadeia curta. Em todos os animais, a irrigação do colo excluso foi realizada em intervalos de quatro dias sendo sacrificados sempre no 21º pós-operatório. Os fragmentos removidos dos segmentos intestinais foram corados pelas técnicas da hematoxilina-eosina e tricrômio de Masson. As variáveis histológicas estudadas foram: espessura da túnica mucosa, congestão vascular; infiltrado inflamatório e a deposição de colágeno. Os resultados encontrados foram submetidos a estudo estatístico considerando nível de significância de 5% (p< 0,05). RESULTADOS: Verificou-se que no grupo onde se irrigou o cólon excluso com solução de ácidos graxos de cadeia curta houve menor congestão vascular, menor infiltrado inflamatório e menor deposição de colágeno quando comparado aos demais grupos experimentais. CONCLUSÃO: Os resultados do presente trabalho mostram que a irrigação de segmentos desprovidos de trânsito fecal com ácidos graxos de cadeia curta, encontra-se relacionada à melhora no processo inflamatório decorrente visto na colite de exclusão. Diversion colitis is described as an inflammatory process that occurs in the colorectal segments excluded of the fecal stream. The deficiency of the short-chain fatty acids inside of intestinal lumen was considered the main etiologic factor. AIM: The aim of the present study was valued, in experimental model of diversion colitis, the importance of the irrigation of the segment without fecal stream with nutritional solutions in prevention and treatment of the colic mucosa inflammation. METHOD: There were used thirty Wistar males rats, with initial weight varying between 350 and 500 grammas, submitted to the derivation of the fecal stream through proximal colostomy and distal mucous fistula. The animals were divided in three groups with 10 animals according to the irrigation of the excluded colic segment had been carried out with: SF Group: 0.9 % physiologic solution; GH Group: hypertonic glucose solution of 50 % and AG Group: solution of short-chain fatty acids. In all the animals, the irrigation of the excluded colon was carried each four days and the animals were sacrificed ever in 21st post-operative day. The removed fragments of the intestinal segments were colored by the techniques of hematoxylin-eosin and Masson trichromium. The histological variables studied were: thickness of the mucous layer, vascular congestion; inflammatory infiltrate and the level of tissue collagen. The considered results were subjected to statistical study considering signification level of 5 % (p