3,255 results on '"glass recycling"'
Search Results
2. Towards circularity in the wind industry: Optimal reverse supply network design under various policy scenarios.
- Author
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Trivyza, N.L., Tuni, A., and Rentizelas, A.
- Subjects
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GLASS recycling , *REVERSE logistics , *WIND turbine blades , *CIRCULAR economy , *SUPPLY chain management - Abstract
[Display omitted] • Investigating policy impact on reverse supply networks for end-of-life wind blades. • 3 policy scenarios: As-Is; upcoming EU Proposal on waste shipments; Landfilling Ban. • Optimal material flows and recycling facilities locations for each policy scenario. • Trade-off between circularity and emissions in 'EU Proposal' and 'Landfilling ban' • Landfilling fees to be significantly increased to reach circularity for wind blades. Wind energy is key to supply renewable energy. However, the increasing number of end-of-life wind turbines is still predominantly landfilled, while regulatory aspects such as waste shipment and landfilling rules hinder the development and scalable implementation of reverse supply networks. This work aims to understand how EU directives impact the structure and viability of circularity-enabling networks by investigating the optimal reverse supply network design for end-of-life wind turbine blades under different policy scenarios. Three policy scenarios were explored through a Mixed-Integer-Linear-Programming model: (i) 'as-is'; (ii) 'EU Proposal 2021/0367′, removing transboundary restrictions on waste shipments; (iii) 'Landfilling Ban' enforcing an EU-wide ban on landfilling composites. The optimal reverse supply networks with minimum costs were identified for each scenario, contextually determining location and sizing of recycling facilities and calculating landfilling quota and GHG emissions. The costs and emissions were minimum for the EU Proposal scenario, at 15,706,041€ and 2,081 tCO2e respectively. A sensitivity analysis on landfilling gate fees highlighted that they should be significantly increased to incentivise higher recycling rates and close material loops. This research is the first to evaluate the effects of policy initiatives on the shaping of optimised reverse supply chains through mathematical programming methods. The work contributes to the waste management literature by designing optimal circular supply chain networks for the management of waste from wind turbines decommissioning at the EU-level to improve sustainability of renewable energy installations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
- Published
- 2025
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3. Reducing the effects of clogging and surface wear on the radiative properties of concrete blocks produced with recycled glass by incorporating titanium dioxide nanoparticles.
- Author
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Preve, Arthur Reichert Damian, de Melo, João Victor Staub, Marinoski, Deivis Luis, and Manfro, Alexandre Luiz
- Subjects
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TITANIUM dioxide nanoparticles , *CONCRETE blocks , *SURFACE contamination , *GLASS recycling , *MECHANICAL wear - Abstract
This study aimed to demonstrate how incorporating titanium dioxide nanoparticles into concrete blocks made with recycled glass mitigates the effects of clogging and surface wear on pavement radiative properties. Using a reference concrete, four variants were formulated: with colourless, green, and amber glass, and a photocatalytic concrete with colourless glass. Three accelerated processes were applied to the concrete blocks in field: clogging, wear, and clogging on a worn surface. After each cycle of clogging and/or wear, solar reflectance and thermal emittance were measured to calculate the solar reflectance index (SRI). Surface clogging decreased the SRI for all concrete types, albeit less for photocatalytic concrete with colourless glass. SRI decreased with wear until a mean texture depth (MTD) near 0.80 mm, where a stabilisation trend was noted across all concretes. Photocatalytic concrete with colourless glass consistently showed the highest SRI values relative to the MTD. Clogging on worn surfaces indicated superior radiative properties for photocatalytic concrete with colourless glass at surface contamination degree (SCD) values less than 40%. In conclusion, conventional concretes with glass had inferior radiative properties compared to reference concrete. However, photocatalytic concrete with colourless glass showed superior radiative properties, indicating that nano-TiO2 addition reduced clogging and wear effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
- Published
- 2024
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4. Revolutionizing glass molding process: ChatGPT's role in repairing and recycling lenses.
- Author
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Cao, Sheng, Lim, Wei Hong, Zhu, Yong Jian, Li, Teng Yue, Liu, Zhi Hui, and Sheng, Hang Yu
- Subjects
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LANGUAGE models , *CHATGPT , *EXPERIMENTAL literature , *CARBON emissions , *ENERGY consumption , *GLASS recycling - Abstract
This study investigates the potential of using the large language model developed by OpenAI, ChatGPT, to address the challenges of repairing and recycling substandard molded lenses in the glass molding process. Through experimental data and literature review, six recycling plans generated by ChatGPT were validated: polishing and grinding, reheating and reshaping, repairing with additional glass, annealing, recasting or re-manufacturing, and exhibiting. Finally, each experimental plan was evaluated in terms of economic performance, green performance, and product quality to assess their application value. Notably, annealing achieved the highest improvement in lens surface profile deviation [PV] change rate at 74.4%, and lens surface roughness [Ra] change rate at 72.6%. Compared to producing new lenses through glass molding process, recycling each lens can avoid 2152.85 kJ of energy consumption and 280.07 g of CO2 emissions. Using ChatGPT to address resource recycling challenges can offer a user-friendly interface, enhance industrial resource utilization, and introduce various new methods for reducing CO2 emissions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
- Published
- 2024
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5. Optimizing Glass Foam Production from Recycled Sources: Influence of Variation in Cullet Color and Spent Alkaline Battery Components.
- Author
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Cozzarini, Luca, Fortuna, Lorenzo, and Bevilacqua, Paolo
- Subjects
ALKALINE batteries ,CELLULAR glass ,GLASS waste ,GLASS recycling ,SYNTHETIC textiles - Abstract
Glass foams present a compelling opportunity for upcycling glass waste, offering a favorable combination of low weight, thermal insulation, and mechanical strength. Prior works demonstrated the feasibility of producing glass foams from glass waste and foaming agents sourced from synthetic textile waste, manganese oxides, and spent alkaline battery cathodes. This work explores the optimization of the process, investigating the impact of glass composition of differently colored glasses on final properties and incorporating entire alkaline batteries, encompassing both cathode and anode components. By carefully adjusting the composition, foaming agent content, and process temperature, customizable properties are achieved. Increasing foaming agent content or utilizing transparent glass improves insulation but lowers density and mechanical properties. Lowering foaming agent content or using brown/green glass enhances density and strength at the expense of insulation. Temperatures beyond 900 °C increase crystalline content, boosting mechanical performance without affecting density. This innovative approach not only offers a pathway to sustainable insulation materials but also underscores the potential for minimizing environmental impact through the efficient upcycling of glass waste. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
- Published
- 2024
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6. High-strength cellular glass made by an effective unconventional technique.
- Author
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PAUNESCU, Lucian, AXINTE, Sorin Mircea, and VOLCEANOV, Enikö
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CELLULAR glass ,GLASS recycling ,MICROWAVE heating ,POROUS materials ,RAW materials ,THERMAL insulation - Abstract
Copyright of Romanian Journal of Civil Engineering / Revista Română de Inginerie Civilă is the property of Matrix Rom and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) more...
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
7. Production of Autoclaved Cementitious Composites Using Recycled Waste Glass.
- Author
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Kariem, Mohamed Asef, Frag, Eman Yossri, El‐Sherif, Ahmed A., Abdelrazak, Taha A., and Hazem, Mahmoud M.
- Subjects
HAZARDOUS wastes ,CATHODE ray tubes ,GLASS waste ,GLASS recycling ,INFORMATION technology ,PORTLAND cement - Abstract
One of the major negative environmental implications of economic growth and the advancement of information technology is the large quantity of electronic waste dumped in landfills. Cathode ray tubes (CRTs) from outdated televisions and computer monitors are a significant source of electrical waste. The CRT funnel primarily consists of silica, significant alkalis (Na2O‐K2O), and heavy metals like barium‐strontium, along with a substantial lead (Pb) content that may contaminate the soil. Owing to its heavy metal content, CRT is considered hazardous waste, and regulations require its glass to be recycled or repurposed instead of landfill disposal. The low pozzolanic activity of CRT silica suggests that its high content, when paired with an optimized particle size and specific curing conditions, can enhance the mechanical properties of cement‐based products. Hydrothermal treatment has been found to speed up both the hydration of ordinary Portland cement (OPC) and the pozzolanic reactions. Since the main objective was to safely recycle large amounts of CRT, three mixes were proposed with 10%, 20%, and 30% OPC + 90%, 80%, and 70% CRT, respectively, and the effect of hydrothermal curing conditions on mechanical properties and durability of these blends was investigated. CRT‐70, a blend containing 70% CRT glass waste, showed enhanced strength due to the formation of zeolitic phases and calcium silicate hydrate (CSH). These phases also provided CRT‐70 with notable fire resistance, ensuring its structural stability under elevated temperatures. These results demonstrate the possibility of production of precast building products via high‐volume recycling of hazardous CRT waste. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
- Published
- 2024
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8. Marine Geo-Polymer Cement Treated with Seawater, Alkaline Activators, Recycled Particles from Paste, and Recycled Particles from Glass.
- Author
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Chen, Xiaoyang, Wang, Yajun, Yang, Tao, and Bai, Yang
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CALCIUM silicate hydrate , *CARBON sequestration , *GLASS recycling , *CARBON fixation , *ELECTRON emission , *ALUMINUM silicates - Abstract
This study aims to develop the marine geo-polymer cement that was produced with seawater, recycled particles from paste, recycled particles from glass, and alkaline activators, including NaOH or Na2O·3.3SiO2. The physicochemical properties and strength of MGPC were investigated with a Uniaxial Compression Test, Particle Size Analysis, Energy Dispersive Spectrometer, X-ray Diffraction, and Thermal-field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy. The results indicated that the main hydration products in MGPC were calcium carbonate (CaCO3), silica (SiO2), sodium aluminosilicate hydrate (Na2O·Al2O3·xSiO2·2H2O, N-A-S-H), and aluminum calcium silicate hydrate (CaO·Al2O3·2SiO2·4H2O, C-A-S-H). The calcium carboaluminate (3CaO·Al2O3·CaCO3·32H2O, CO3-AFm) in MGPC was converted into CaCO3 and Friedel's salt (3CaO·Al2O3·CaCl2·10H2O), which prompted the carbon sequestration. The microstructure of MGPC prepared using Na2O·3.3SiO2 was based on RPG as the matrix, with N-A-S-H, C-A-S-H, and fibrous AFt growing on the periphery. This structure reduces the impact of the alkali–silica reaction on the material and improves its compressive strength. Therefore, the MGPC developed in this study shows the exact benefits of freshwater and natural minerals saving, carbon sequestration, and damage resistance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
- Published
- 2024
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9. Cold Consolidation of Pharmaceutical Waste Glass Powders Through Alkali Activation and Binder Jet 3D Printing.
- Author
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Elsayed, Hamada, Gobbin, Filippo, Barci, Alberto, Bernardo, Enrico, and Colombo, Paolo
- Subjects
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GLASS waste , *BINDING agents , *BOROSILICATES , *WATER immersion , *IMMERSION in liquids , *GLASS recycling - Abstract
The recent COVID-19 emergency has led to an impressive increase in the production of pharmaceutical vials. This has led to a parallel increase in the amounts of waste glass; manufacturers typically recover material from faulty containers by crushing, giving origin to an unrecyclable fraction. Coarse fragments are effectively reused as feedstock for glass melting; on the contrary, fine powders (<100 microns), contaminated by metal and ceramic particles due to the same crushing operations, are landfilled. Landfilling is also suggested for pharmaceutical containers after medical use. This study aims at proposing new opportunities for the recycling of fine glass particles, according to recent findings concerning alkali activation of pharmaceutical glass, combined with novel processing, i.e., binder jetting printing. It has already been shown that pharmaceutical glass, immersed in low-molarity alkaline solution (not exceeding 2.5 M NaOH), undergoes surface dissolution and hydration; cold consolidation is later achieved, upon drying at 40–60 °C, by a condensation reaction occurring at hydrated layers of adjacent particles. Binder jetting printing does not realize a full liquid immersion of the glass powders, as the attacking solution is selectively sprayed on a powder bed. Here, we discuss the tuning of key parameters, such as the molarity of the attacking solution (from 2.5 to 10 M) and the granulometry of the waste glass, to obtain stable printed blocks. In particular, the stability depends on the formation of bridges between adjacent particles consisting of strong T-O bonds (Si-O-Si, Al-O-Si, B-O-Si), while degradation products (concentrating Na ions) remain as a secondary phase, solubilized by immersion in boiling water. Such stability is achieved by operating at 5 M NaOH. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
- Published
- 2024
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10. Bio-sourced flexible supramolecular glasses for dynamic and full-color phosphorescence.
- Author
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Nie, Fei and Yan, Dongpeng
- Subjects
AMORPHOUS substances ,FLEXURAL strength ,HYDROGEN bonding ,PHOSPHORESCENCE ,ENERGY consumption ,GLASS recycling - Abstract
Glass, a diverse family of amorphous materials, has significantly advanced human society across various fields. The demand for flexible ultrathin glass, driven by modern optical displays and portable optoelectronics, presents challenges in energy consumption, fabrication complexity, and recycling. Here, we demonstrate flexibility and full-color luminescence in large-scale ultrathin glasses derived from readily available natural resources, specifically egg albumen (EA) and gelatin (GEL), via an evaporation-driven self-assembly process. The dynamic crosslinked networks formed through hydrogen bonding between EA and GEL impart both high hardness and flexibility to the glasses, with hardness and flexural strength values comparable to state-of-the-art inorganic and organic glasses. Additionally, the EA–GEL-based glasses exhibit excitation-dependent and time-gated chiral ultralong phosphorescence with color from blue and red, and a lifetime of up to 180.4 ms. With their easy processability and full-color emission, these biogenic glasses can be fabricated into anti-counterfeiting patterns and optical information codes. There is an increasing demand for thin, flexible glass, but its fabrication and recycling can be complex. Here, the authors report the development of flexible glass with full-color luminescence, derived from egg albumin and gelatin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
- Published
- 2024
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11. The Influence of Selected Parameters of Recycled Polyvinyl Butyral on the Sustainable Filament Extrusion Process.
- Author
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Martiček, Matúš, Tauberová, Rebeka, Kaščak, Jakub, Vandžura, Radoslav, Sukić, Enes, and Knapčíková, Lucia
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SUSTAINABILITY ,POLYVINYL butyral ,EXTRUSION process ,GLASS recycling ,FIBER testing ,YARN - Abstract
In recent years, sustainability has permeated nearly every aspect of our lives, and the manufacturing sector is no exception. The terms "sustainable manufacturing" and "zero-waste manufacturing" are now part of our everyday vocabulary. This study, which explores the influence of key parameters on the filament extrusion process using recycled polyvinyl butyral (PVB), which is an amorphous polymer commonly obtained from the glass recycling industry, has significant practical implications. By determining the optimal conditions for the extrusion process, we can enhance the mechanical properties of the produced PVB filament yarns and their printability. As a result of identifying errors, optimizing the process, and eliminating the resulting shortcomings, a fiber made of PVB material with a diameter of 1.75 mm (±0.06 mm) was created that can be used in most FDM devices. The length of the created fiber was approx. 20 m, and in the presentation of the results, it will be used for printing samples, adhesion tests to the printing mat, shrinkage tests, and tensile tests of the fiber. After removing all the shortcomings, the ideal extrusion temperature was at 155 °C. This temperature was verified using microscopic cross-sections, and deformations or changes were observed in their cross-sections. The deviation of the material currently undergoing testing for the adhesion of PVB to various types of print beds, which was found suitable for use in FFF devices, was 1.75 −0.25/+0.25. This, in turn, can significantly expand the application of these materials in additive manufacturing, thereby making a substantial contribution to the advancement of sustainable manufacturing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
- Published
- 2024
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12. Best IN STORE.
- Author
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HIGGINS, LAURA
- Subjects
CHRISTMAS trees ,COFFEE tables ,GLASS recycling ,COLUMNS ,WINE glasses - Abstract
The article "Best IN STORE" from Style At Home showcases the latest high-street trends for refreshing room schemes during the festive season. It features products from various brands like Dunelm, John Lewis & Partners, F&F Home, and Habitat, offering a range of styles from winter shimmer to candy land to evergreen luxe to plum tones. The article provides a selection of items such as mirrors, decorations, furniture, cushions, and tableware, catering to different tastes and preferences for holiday decor. [Extracted from the article] more...
- Published
- 2025
13. NATURAL RHYTHM.
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Philips, Carli
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PANTRIES ,TILES ,CANDLESTICKS ,STOOLS (Furniture) ,GLASS recycling - Abstract
The article from Australian House & Garden discusses the renovation of a heritage home in Sydney's Inner West, focusing on creating a calm retreat for a family with two tweens. The project's architect, Carla Middleton, designed the single-level extension to respect the existing house while incorporating contemporary elements. The homeowners desired distinct spaces for their sons, privacy, and a connection between the living area and the garden. The design features subtle colors, sculptural forms, and a neutral interior palette, creating a harmonious and functional living space. [Extracted from the article] more...
- Published
- 2024
14. Evidence of glass bead‐making in the early Islamic Iberian Peninsula.
- Author
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Boschetti, Cristina, Juan Ares, Jorge, Gilotte, Sophie, Guerrot, Catherine, and Schibille, Nadine
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GLASS beads , *GLASS recycling , *LASER ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry , *CRYSTAL glass , *ARCHAEOLOGICAL excavations , *MASS spectrometry - Abstract
Glass beads from two Islamic archaeological sites in the Tagus valley in central Spain were selected and analysed by laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA‐ICP‐MS), and a subset of samples (
n = 6) was analysed for Pb isotopes by multicollector thermal ionization mass spectrometry (MC‐TIMS). The analytical and isotopic data of the beads from Ciudad de Vascos (Toledo) and Albalat (Cáceres) demonstrate beyond reasonable doubt that glass beads were produced in the Iberian Peninsula during the Islamic period using local Pb‐silica and soda‐rich plant‐ash glass. The bead workshops in al‐Andalus were evidently part of an efficient system of glass collection and recycling, and used only relatively simple bead‐making techniques such as winding and folding. At present it is unclear to what extent the Islamic bead‐makers in the Iberian Peninsula were involved in the international trade in glass beads or whether their products were mainly destined for a regional market. Despite local production, some samples show compositional and typological features that suggest the import of finished glass beads, perhaps from Central Asia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...- Published
- 2024
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15. Facile construction of recyclable heat‐resistant polymers via alkaline‐induced cation‐π cross‐linking.
- Author
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Yuan, Rui, Huang, Ying, Ma, Tengning, Kang, Ming, Yang, Li, Liang, Qianqian, and Chang, Guanjun
- Subjects
LINEAR polymers ,GLASS recycling ,GLASS transitions ,ALKALINE solutions ,THERMAL properties - Abstract
The cation‐π cross‐linked heat‐resistant K‐poly(N‐aryleneindole sulphone) PINSU film, which has a high glass transition temperature (Tg = 268°C) and a decomposition temperature (Td = 547°C), was prepared by soaking PINSU film in alkaline aqueous solutions. Compared with the linear polymer PINSU, the Tg and Td of the K‐PINSU were significantly enhanced. The dynamic cation‐π cross‐linking can be reversibly removed and reconstructed driven by external stimulations in the polymer network, which endows the cross‐linked K‐PINSU with cyclable behavior and excellent mechanical stability. In addition, we have successfully demonstrated that the Tg of the K‐PINSU can be nondestructively detected by monitoring the changes in fluorescence intensity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
- Published
- 2024
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16. The glass from the arrabal of Arrixaca (Murcia, 12th-13th centuries)
- Author
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Govantes-Edwards, David J., Velo, Almudena, Hernández-Robles, Alicia, González-Ballesteros, José Ángel, and Duckworth, Chloe
- Abstract
This article presents an assemblage of 36 glass samples excavated in the urban site of San Esteban, part of the arrabal of Arrixaca (Murcia) (in al-Andalus, an arrabal was a relatively dense urbanised area outside the city walls) in contexts securely dated to the 12th and early 13th century, spanning the rule of Ibn Mardanīš, and the early period of Almohad domination in the city. The samples were analysed by electron microprobe (EMPA) for major and minor elements and laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) for trace elements. The results are examined within the context of glass production, circulation, and consumption in al-Andalus and the Islamicate Mediterranean more broadly. The results show that some of the glasses found in San Esteban-Arrixaca may have been imported from other Islamicate regions (Egypt and Mesopotamia), but that the vast majority can be related to previously recognised compositional Iberian glass groups. At the same time, the identification of several fragments of production waste and raw glass suggest that some glass-working facility may have existed in the vicinity of San Esteban-Arrixaca. The compositional evidence also indicates that recycling (including of imported glass objects) may have been a fairly common practice in Andalusi glassmaking, but it is suggested that some of the usual chemical markers of recycling may, in the case of al-Andalus and perhaps also elsewhere in the medieval Mediterranean, be the result of the cross-breeding of glass- and glaze-making activities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
- Published
- 2024
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17. Technoeconomic feasibility of photovoltaic recycling.
- Author
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Crespo, Beatrice, Cavanaugh, Cailean, Potter, Arron, Yaniger, Stuart, Gaustad, Gabrielle, and Wilkinson, Collin
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GLASS recycling , *ETHYLENE-vinyl acetate , *SOLAR panels , *ALUMINUM recycling , *CIRCULAR economy - Abstract
Photovoltaic (PV) modules are a key technology to aid the imminent transition from carbon‐based energy. End‐of‐life crystalline silicon PV modules produce a waste stream that is predominantly landfilled due to the recycling challenges associated with PV reuse economics. Current practices recycle the aluminum frame and repurpose the junction box but landfill the rest of the module. The primary challenge in recycling the remaining module is finding a technoeconomically viable method for separating the silicon and glass from the ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) layers. This issue will rapidly expand with time as it is estimated that flat glass production for solar panels is currently unable to meet the demand for PV. Current literature suggests that chemical, thermal, and mechanical delamination offer economically feasible solutions under ideal circumstances. In this work we evaluate these methods using end‐of‐life panels and assess the economic viability. The technoeconomic study presented here suggests the most economically viable option for disposing of end‐of‐life solar panels, given current technology, is landfilling. Thermal delamination may offer an alternative route in the future. Financial incentives, which can be quantified with this work, may be required to kickstart PV recycling to help bridge externalities around environmental impact. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
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18. Reducing the environmental footprint of glass manufacturing.
- Author
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Colangelo, Scott
- Subjects
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SUSTAINABILITY , *GLASS chemistry , *GLASS melting , *GLASS industry , *GLASS recycling ,PARIS Agreement (2016) - Abstract
The glass industry is a significant source of greenhouse gas emissions due to its energy consumption profile and the use of fossil fuels in the manufacturing process. Most of the energy to produce glass is consumed in the process of treating raw materials to elevated temperatures, usually above 1500°C. Glass manufacturing also generates significant environmental impacts, such as greenhouse gas emissions, air pollution, water consumption, and waste generation. Therefore, improving the sustainability of glass manufacturing is a significant challenge for the industry and society. There are ways to reduce the energy consumption and emissions of glass melting, such as recycling glass, using oxy‐fuel burners, improving furnace insulation and design, and adopting electric melting technologies. These methods can help save energy, lower costs, and enhance the sustainability and environmental footprint of the glass industry. However, the industry faces challenges and barriers, such as technical feasibility, economic viability, capital investment, and market acceptance. More research and development must be invested to improve the energy efficiency and environmental performance of glass melting. The objective of this paper is to provide an overview of the growth glass industry has made over the past 30 years and the remaining challenges for sustainable glass manufacturing with a focus on the fiberglass segment. Sharing of procedural methods, technical approaches, and results can help enable the global glass industry in our future sustainability challenges. The fiberglass segment included a broad technical view including glass chemistry development, product development, new industry codes and standards, melting development, computational fluid dynamic modeling, life cycle assessments, and sustainability goals linked to capital planning. The net result delivered a significant reduction in environmental emissions at the global enterprise scale. The implemented changes have taken decades, significant investments, and resources to plan and develop. Practices reviewed and implemented can help drive collaboration and commonality within the glass industry to achieve sustainability goals. Action is needed now if the glass industry is to meet global government demands of reducing carbon emissions by 55% by 2030 and zero carbon emissions by 2050 in alignment with the Paris Agreement on decarbonization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
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19. Glass Wool Recycling by Water-Based Solvolysis.
- Author
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Kántor, Petra, Béri, János, Képes, Bence, and Székely, Edit
- Subjects
GLASS recycling ,MINE waste ,GLASS fibers ,CIRCULAR economy ,INSULATING materials - Abstract
Glass wool is an insulation material used in large quantities; despite its popularity, it is still surprising that around 2.5 million tons of mineral wool waste is generated every year in Europe. Waste management faces numerous challenges because, with current technologies, waste cannot be cleaned and melted again for repurposing, so even the recollected glass wool ends up in landfill. Herein, we present a hydrolysis technology that decomposes the binder applied to glass fibers using exclusively water. We succeeded in decomposing the resin from the surfaces of the end-of-life fibers, originating from different sources like industrial furnace insulation and two demolition-sourced building insulation wastes. The effects of temperature, pressure, the mass flow of the water, and the applied fluid ratio were investigated. The most important parameters are the temperature and the time for the decomposition, but to minimize glass loss through the solubility of glass, the fluid ratio plays an important role as well. The fibers were efficiently cleaned after only 20 min at 300 °C by the optimized parameters, with a mass recovery of 70 wt.%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
20. 聚乙烯吡咯烷酮水性杂化涂剂的制备 及其对回收玻璃纤维的上浆处理.
- Author
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沈洋, 谢嘉琪, and 傅雅琴
- Subjects
COUPLING agents (Chemistry) ,GLASS recycling ,GLASS composites ,EPOXY resins ,SHEAR strength - Abstract
Copyright of Acta Materiae Compositae Sinica is the property of Acta Materiea Compositae Sinica Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) more...
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
21. Circular economy life cycle cost for kerbside waste material looping process.
- Author
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Zhang, Jingxuan, Bhuiyan, Muhammed, Zhang, Guomin, Sandanayake, Malindu, and Navaratnam, Satheeskumar
- Subjects
- *
LIFE cycle costing , *GLASS recycling , *CIRCULAR economy , *MANUFACTURING processes , *WASTE recycling - Abstract
• Introduced a circular economy-based cost model for kerbside wastes. • Evaluated costs in closed-loop and open-loop recycling. • Demonstrated KGRSB cost less than KRMB model. • Alignment of cost model with attributional LCA model for kerbside waste recycling. Rapid expansion in urban areas has engendered a superfluity of municipal solid waste (MSW) stemming from contemporary civilization, encompassing commercial sectors and human undertakings. Kerbside waste, a type of MSW, has the potential for recycling and reuse at the end of its first life cycle, but is often limited to a linear cycle. This study aimed to assess the life cycle costs of different separation and recycling methods for handling kerbside waste. A new life cycle cost model, drawing from the circular economy's value retention process (VRP) model, has been created and applied to assess the continuous recycling of kerbside glass. The study investigates two key separation techniques, kerbside recycling mixed bin recycling (KRMB) kerbside glass recycling separate bin (KGRSB) and analyses their impact on the life cycle cost of the recycling process. Additionally, the research explores two approaches of recycling and downcycling: closed-loop recycling, which pertains to the recycling of glass containers, and open-looped recycling, which involves the use of recycled glass in asphalt. The results showed when use annually collected waste as the functional unit, the KRMB model incurred lower costs compared to the KGRSB model due to its lower production output. However, when evaluated over a 1-ton production of glass container and asphalt, the KGRSB method demonstrated superior cost performance with a 40–50% reduction compared to the KRMB method. The open-loop recycling method (asphalt) incurred a higher cost compared to the closed-loop recycling method due to its larger production volume over a 21-year period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
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22. Transparency at its best: neutrons probing archaeological glass finds from Romania.
- Author
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Bugoi, Roxana, Ţârlea, Alexandra, Szilágyi, Veronika, Cliante, Laurenţiu, Harsányi, Ildikó, and Kasztovszky, Zsolt
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- *
GLASS chemistry , *GLASS recycling , *ARCHAEOLOGICAL excavations , *ARCHAEOLOGICAL finds ,ROMAN Empire, 30 B.C.-A.D. 476 - Abstract
This paper demonstrates the suitability of Prompt Gamma Activation Analysis (PGAA) technique for the compositional study of ancient glass finds, illustrating this idea by presenting and commenting the chemical composition of 41 Roman glass fragments discovered in archaeological excavations at Tomis, Histria, and Beidaud, Romania. According to typological and stratigraphic criteria, most finds were dated to the 1st-4th centuries AD. The PGAA measurements were performed at the Budapest Neutron Centre (BNC), Hungary. Regardless of their color (or the lack of it), most of the analyzed vitreous items have compositional traits often encountered in coeval glass artefacts discovered at various sites all over the Roman Empire. The sample set turned out to include several examples of Foy Série 2.1 and a single HIMT glass item, in agreement with the later chronological attribution of the corresponding fragments. This study provides some information about the chemistry of the Roman glass finds unearthed during the archaeological research performed in the region of the western Black Sea coast. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
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- 2024
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23. A scientometric review of recycled glass waste as an alternative raw material in concrete production.
- Author
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Kuoribo, Ewald, Shokry, Hassan, Asawa, Takashi, and Mahmoud, Hatem
- Subjects
- *
SUSTAINABILITY , *GLASS recycling , *WASTE recycling , *GLASS waste , *WASTE management - Abstract
The escalating use of glass in an ever-evolving world poses a waste management challenge, with glass waste contributing to non-biodegradable landfill growth. Recycling glass waste emerges as a viable solution, combating the need for additional landfills and the environmental repercussions. This study employs a scientometric and content analysis from the Scopus bibliometric database and explores the functional feasibility and performance characteristics of recycled glass waste (RGW) in sustainable concrete production. Results indicate that Asia dominates research contributions to RGW for concrete production compared to other continents. Glass-mixed concrete properties depend on glass type, particle size, shape, surface texture, replacement ratio, and curing age. The pozzolanic reactivity of recycled glass is correlated with its relative fineness. Finer glass particles were considered more suitable for use due to the enhanced alkali-silica interaction. Utilizing glass powder and fine aggregates improves mechanical properties, but high replacement levels could affect concrete strength development. Additionally, using RGA as a cement and fine aggregate replacement reduces concrete's thermal conductivity. This scientometric analysis not only aids in understanding a comprehensive overview of incorporating recycled glass waste into concrete production but also identifies knowledge gaps, guiding sustainable concrete research and development for addressing waste management challenges linked to the growing use of glass in our contemporary society. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
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- 2024
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24. Recycling of mineral wool waste as supplementary cementitious material through thermochemical treatment.
- Author
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Doschek-Held, Klaus, Krammer, Anna Christine, Steindl, Florian Roman, Sattler, Theresa, and Juhart, Joachim
- Subjects
MINE waste ,GLASS recycling ,MINERAL wool ,HAZARDOUS wastes ,INSULATING materials - Abstract
Mineral wool is commonly used in construction as thermal insulation material. After the product's lifetime, it is classified as hazardous waste if no trademark of the European Certification Board for Mineral Wool Products (EUCEB) or the German Institute for Quality Assurance and Labelling (RAL) exists. Mineral Wool Waste (MWW) is typically landfilled in Europe, which is challenging due to its low bulk density and dimensional stability. This circumstance highlights the need for alternative recycling methods that increase the recycling rate of construction and demolition (C&D) waste. This article outlines the recycling opportunities of MWW and focuses on the use of thermochemical treatment of different mixtures of input materials to produce a supplementary cementitious material (SCM). The material characterisation results and investigations on the binder suitability demonstrate that the slag fractions after the thermochemical treatment are well-qualified to be used as reactive binder components. Additionally, a material flow analysis was conducted to estimate the substitution potential of MWW as SCM in the Austrian cement industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
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- 2024
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25. EVALUATION OF THE PERFORMANCE OF SUSTAINABLE MODIFIED POLYMER CONCRETE MADE FROM VARIOUS WASTE MATERIALS.
- Author
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Mahdi, Zeinab Raad, Hasan, Shatha Sadiq, Hamoodi, Mustafa Naem, and Fattah, Mohammed Yousif
- Subjects
MINERAL aggregates ,POLYMER-impregnated concrete ,RECYCLED concrete aggregates ,GLASS waste ,GLASS recycling - Abstract
Due to its superior performance over traditional materials, polymer concrete has emerged as a new engineering material in the current context. The main focus of this study was the design and manufacture of polyester polymer concrete (PC) from various recycled materials for use in various building applications. Four different types of recycled aggregate from easily accessible crushed building materials were employed: waste glass (WG), crushed mortar (CM), crushed clay bricks (CB), and crushed concrete (CC). Sustainable modified polymer concrete (SMPC) specimens were made using a conventional casting method and various replacements for normal sand, such as crushed concrete, mortar, clay bricks, and waste glass (10, 20, 30, and 40 volume percent). The mechanical properties of SMPC with and without recycled aggregate were tested for compressive, tensile, and flexural strength. The findings showed that adding (10%, 20%, 30%, and 40%) of (CC, CM, CB, and WG) as a partial substitute for natural fine aggregate improves the mechanical properties (compressive strength, direct tensile strength, and flexural strength) of SMPC. In comparison to other waste materials, the results of using crushed concrete were the best and highest. Similar to reference PC and SMPC with recycled fine aggregate, the rate of strength evolution with age is roughly the same. This research also looked into how the curing temperature affected the SMPC's compressive strength characteristics. The 20, 40, and 60 °C curing temperature ranges were taken into consideration. The findings demonstrate that the compressive strength of PC, both with and without recycled fine aggregate, is significantly impacted by a curing temperature above 20 °C. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
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- 2024
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26. Advancing glass recycling and environmental applications with porous glass: a mini-review.
- Author
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Kim, Hwidong D., Baek, Choong Real, and Jang, Yong Chul
- Abstract
In response to resource scarcity and environmental challenges, sustainable practices, particularly in recycling and reusing waste materials, have become crucial. This paper reviews the utilization of porous glass, particularly made from recycled waste glass, for manufacturing and environmental applications. Porous glass features a broad size range of tiny pores, offering advantages in recycling due to its inertness, sorption capabilities, and versatility. It can be produced through phase separation, sol–gel, hydrothermal methods, and the use of foaming agents, offering a large surface area and high sorption efficiency. The adsorption capacity, flexibility in enhancing material properties, and reusability of porous glass allow it to be applied in diverse environmental roles, such as contaminant removal from water and wastewater. The controlled release of phosphate from phosphate-porous glass adsorbent enables its use in fertilizing plants while minimizing excess phosphate release into the water bodies. Its unique physicochemical properties also make it suitable for use in construction sectors. Our findings highlight the porous glass's potential to significantly contribute to glass recycling, reduce landfill airspace, and support sustainable material usage. The study underscores the role of porous glass in advancing waste glass recycling and promoting sustainable environmental practices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
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- 2024
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27. Mechanical and Microstructural Characterization of a Nano-stabilized Sandy Soil.
- Author
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Jafari Kermanipour, Mojtaba, Bagheripour, Mohammad Hossein, and Yaghoubi, Ehsan
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POWDERED glass ,GLASS recycling ,ALUMINUM silicates ,SOIL stabilization ,CALCIUM silicates ,SANDY soils - Abstract
This research investigates the potential of using nanoparticles, Poly Aluminum Silicate and Poly Calcium Silicate, and industrial by-products, Recycled Glass Powder (RGP) and Ground Granulated Ballast Furnace Slag (GGBS) to enhance the durability and strength of a sandy soil, particularly in wet or saturated conditions where water table is close to building foundations. The study aims to determine the optimal content and concentration of additives and assess their influence on the compressive strength and the failure strain. The optimal content and concentration of dry additives and alkaline solutions were determined. Uniaxial compressive strength tests were conducted on various stabilized geopolymers, considering factors such as alkaline activator type, nanoparticle type and percentage, and degree of saturation. Scanning electron microscopy images were taken and analyzed to verify geomechanical testing outcomes. Mixtures with nanomaterials exhibited greater strength than untreated soil, with some exhibiting up to a tenfold increase. GGBS-based samples displayed a twofold increase in strength with nanomaterial addition, while RGP-based samples experienced reduced strength. However, both nanomaterials addressed the durability concerns in wet conditions. The addition of 2% nanomaterials to GGBS-based mixtures led to significant strength gains, with some showing a 20% increase after saturation. This research indicated the potential of nanoparticles and industrial by-products in resolving a major concern regarding geopolymers which is the lack of durability in wet or saturated conditions. These findings have implications for eco-friendly geoconstruction materials and practices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
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- 2024
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28. Tensile Behavior of Green Concrete Made of Fine/Coarse Recycled Glass and Recycled Concrete Aggregates.
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Fayed, Sabry, Aksoylu, Ceyhun, Ecemiş, Ali Serdar, Madenci, Emrah, and Özkılıç, Yasin Onuralp
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MINERAL aggregates ,RECYCLED concrete aggregates ,STRAINS & stresses (Mechanics) ,FILLER materials ,GLASS recycling - Abstract
The study conducted axial tensile strength tests on concrete samples that replaced conventional aggregates with recycled aggregates. In Series I, using FNG instead of FNA resulted in a reduction in compressive strength by 12.8–49.8% and tensile strength by 14.5–44.6%. If the proportion of FNG exceeds 50%, compressive strength decreases by more than 24.5% and tensile strength by more than 27.5%. In Series II, replacing CNA with CRG reduced compressive and tensile strengths by 18.4–32.8% and 5.1–24.9%, respectively; exceeding 40% CRG results in a compressive strength reduction of more than 32.8% and a tensile strength reduction of more than 24.9%. In Series III, samples made with RCA, CNA, and 20% CRG showed a compressive strength decrease of 8.8–22% and a tensile strength decrease of 10.7–26%; RCA80 samples showed maximum reductions. In Series IV, replacing CNA with RCA resulted in compressive and tensile strength reductions of 15.4–34.7% and 13.9–24.3%, respectively; RCA80 samples again showed maximum reductions. Maximum stress unit deformation values (ε
o ) increased by 3–58.4% in Series I, 9–80% in Series II, 10–44.9% in Series III, and 9–32% in Series IV. Tensile toughness values showed the highest increase of 35.15% in the CRG40 sample and the lowest of 0.13% in the RCA40-20 sample. The use of glass aggregates in concrete is feasible, but exceeding certain ratios can significantly reduce strength. Concrete can effectively use waste glass as a partial substitute for cement, fine aggregates, or as a filler material, potentially enhancing compressive strength. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...- Published
- 2024
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29. Glass working and recycling in Pompeii: new evidence from the landfill of the Sarno Baths (VIII 2, 17–23)
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Boschetti, Cristina, Furlan, Guido, Schibille, Nadine, Raja, Rubina, and Bonetto, Jacopo
- Abstract
Forty-six glass finds, including vessel fragments, windows, one inlay and one indicator of production (moil) excavated in the dump of the Sarno Baths in Pompeii were selected for an interdisciplinary technological, typological and chemical study. The identification of the moil demonstrates that a glassblowing workshop most likely existed in Pompeii, thus putting an end to a long-standing scientific debate. The LA-ICP-MS chemical data show that Roman-Mn base glass predominates, along with few Egyptian natron-type glasses and some plant-ash glass of probable Egyptian origin as well. A large proportion of the analysed glass, including the moil, consists of recycled compositions, suggesting the existence of an efficient system of collection and recycling of glass, which was active even at a time when the city had an abundant supply of fresh glass. The demand for raw glass in Pompeii far exceeded the average demand of other Roman towns, because glass containers were essential for the flourishing perfume industry in Pompeii and Campania. The proximity of the Sarno dump to the perfume district in the south-western part of the city and to the horrea of the Sanctuary of Venus suggests the possible location of the glass workshop in this area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
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- 2024
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30. Modification of Bentonite Clay Using Recycled Glass Powder and Polypropylene Fiber.
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Karki, Bibek and Kolay, Prabir K.
- Subjects
BENTONITE ,POWDERED glass ,POLYPROPYLENE fibers ,GLASS recycling ,SWELLING soils ,CLAY - Abstract
Expansive soils poses significant challenges in civil engineering projects, yet construction on them in many circumstances is unavoidable. Soil modification, therefore, is one of the finest options for improving the expansive properties of such soils. This study uses commercially available Sodium Bentonite as an expansive soil, where Recycled Glass Powder (RGP) alone and in combination with Polypropylene Fiber (PPF) are used as modifiers. RGP in the percentages of 5%, 10%, 20%, and 30% by dry weight, and 20% RGP in combination with PPF in the proportions of 0.25%, 0.5%, and 1.0% by dry weight of the soil sample were used in the study. Various tests to evaluate the index and engineering properties of both virgin and modified soil samples were carried out, including Atterberg limits, linear shrinkage (LS), specific gravity, compaction, free swelling index (FSI), expansivity index (EI), and one-dimensional consolidation test. Moreover, scanning electron microscopy and zeta-potential test were carried out to analyze the microstructural and electrokinetic properties of modified soil. The results demonstrated a significant decrease in LS (35.43%), FSI (62.23%), EI (50.29%), swelling index (37%), and compression index (22%) with the addition of 30% RGP. Furthermore, incorporating 1% and 0.5% PPF showed a remarkable decrease in LS (50%), and EI (31.78%), respectively as compared to the base soil mix with 20% RGP. Overall, recycled glass powder (RGP) and polypropylene fiber (PPF) as modifying agents hold strong potential for enhancing the expansive and swelling properties of highly expansive bentonite clay, offering promising solutions for construction challenges associated with expansive soils. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
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- 2024
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31. Archaeology.
- Subjects
ARCHAEOLOGY ,DNA ,CARBON isotopes ,GLASS recycling ,ECOSYSTEMS - Published
- 2024
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32. Peter Bremers.
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AESTHETICS ,CLIMATE change ,GLASS recycling ,CANYONS ,ICEBERGS ,SCULPTORS - Abstract
The article focuses on the work of Peter Bremers, a sculptor who uses glass as the main medium in his creations. His sculptures, inspired by both the icy landscapes of Antarctica and the hot canyons of Arizona, reflect his philosophical approach to nature and spiritual quest. Bremers, who began his career in the 1980s, transitioned to glass casting techniques after a trip to Antarctica in 2001, which significantly influenced his work. His pieces, such as the series "Icebergs and Paraphernalia" and "Ice to Water," showcase the beauty of nature and climate change, while also encouraging reflection on the relationship between humans and the surrounding world. [Extracted from the article] more...
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- 2024
33. 10 ways TO BRING WARMTH into YOUR HOME.
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MORGAN, JENNIFER
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SHELVING (Furniture) ,FURNITURE ,AUTUMN ,GLASS recycling ,SPRING - Abstract
This article from Woman & Home provides 10 stylish ideas for creating a warm and cozy atmosphere in your home during the autumn season. The suggestions include choosing warm colors like caramels and chestnuts, creating seasonal displays with autumnal flowers and foliage, setting up an at-home bar with burnt orange walls and velvet upholstery, arranging cozy seating near a fire or wood burner, layering bed linens and adding patterns, creating a reading nook with shelving units and wallpaper, setting up a spa-like bathroom with candles and waffle towels, adding a warm accent to the kitchen with coral or dusky pink furniture, giving the utility room a refresh with a repaint and declutter, and preparing the hallway for the change of season with cushions, throws, and baskets for storage. [Extracted from the article] more...
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- 2024
34. Physio-Mechanical Characterization of Recycled Polyethylene Terephthalate and Soda-Lime Glass Waste Composite for Roof Tile Application.
- Author
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Busari, Yusuf Olanrewaju, Ibrahim, Issah Sadiq, Ajao, Kabir S., Abbas, Norliana Mohd, Adegbola, James Obafemi, Ibrahim, Hassan Kobe, Reghioua, Abdallah, Shuaib-Babata, Yusuf Lanre, and Idowu, Rachael Oluwatoyosi more...
- Subjects
- *
GLASS , *GLASS-reinforced plastics , *GLASS composites , *GLASS recycling , *GLASS waste - Abstract
The research paper focuses on manufacturing composite materials from waste polyethylene terephthalate (PET) reinforced with soda-lime glass to provide a lightweight, less brittle, and high rust resistance when exposed to hazardous environment. In developing nations such as Nigeria, there is a significant surge in the volume of bottled water and other packaging materials used in households, leading to a rapid accumulation of biodegradable waste, that presents concerns such as the creation of landfills and health issues. PET are thermoplastic polymer that can be melted and shaped into various objects. This study involves the incorporation of soda lime glass with recycled PET with various weight proportions to create a composite for roof tile application. The processing phases encompass the gathering of discarded PET and glass, purification, fragmentation, glass treatment, composite fabrication, and physio-mechanical and microstructural characterization. The utilization of soda lime glass in the recycling of plastics led to the creation of cost-effective and efficient roof tile composites, while also decreasing environmental pollution. The density of the composite tile varied between 1.000242–1.600259 g/cm3 with 20 wt.% filler having the lowest density. The water absorption ranged from 0.12%–0.79%. Mechanical characterization results revealed that the hardness and tensile strength increased with increasing wt.% of reinforcement (soda-lime glass) with the highest values being 271 HBN and 12 N/mm2 (peak) at 60 and 50 wt.% filler (soda-lime glass), respectively. The composite samples had similar impact strength which varied between 70–74 J. Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) analysis reveals the occurrence of chemical and mechanical improvement during the recycling process. The composites exhibited promising properties from the research and revealed that the addition of the reinforcement largely improves the properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
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- 2024
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35. Experimental Study and Process Simulation on Pyrolysis Characteristics of Decommissioned Wind Turbine Blades.
- Author
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Zhang, Dongwang, Huang, Zhong, Shi, Xiaobei, Sun, Xiaofei, Zhou, Tuo, Yang, Hairui, Bie, Rushan, and Zhang, Man
- Subjects
- *
WIND turbine blades , *FLUE gases , *PYROLYSIS , *WIND power , *FIBROUS composites , *GLASS recycling , *GLASS fibers - Abstract
The development of wind power has brought about increasing challenges in decommissioning, among which DWTBs (decommissioned wind turbine blades) are the most difficult component to deal with. To enable the cost-effective, energy-efficient, and environmentally friendly large-scale utilization of DWTBs, an experimental study on thermogravimetric and pyrolysis characteristics of DWTBs was carried out. A new process involving recycling glass fiber with pyrolysis gas re-combustion and flue gas recirculation as the pyrolysis medium was innovatively proposed, and the simulation calculation was carried out. Thermogravimetric experiments indicated that glass fiber reinforced composite (GFRC) was the main heat-generating part in the heat utilization process of blades, and the blade material could basically complete pyrolysis at 600 °C. As the heating rate increased, the formation temperature, peak concentration, and proportion of combustible gas in the pyrolysis gas also increased. The highest peak concentration of CO gas was observed, with CO2 and C3H6 reaching their peaks at 700 °C. The solid product obtained from pyrolysis at 600 °C could be oxidized at 550 °C for 40 min to obtain clean glass fiber. And the pyrolysis temperature increased with the increase in the proportion of recirculation flue gas. When the proportion of recirculation flue gas was 66%, the pyrolysis temperature could reach 600 °C, meeting the necessary pyrolysis temperature for wind turbine blade materials. The above research provided fundamental data support for further exploration on high-value-added recycling of DWTBs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
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- 2024
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36. Beads of Alexandria: Non‐invasive analysis of glass from Roman, Late Antique and Islamic Kom el‐Dikka, Egypt.
- Author
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Then‐Obłuska, Joanna and Syta, Olga
- Subjects
- *
GLASS analysis , *GLASS beads , *GLASS chemistry , *BEADS , *GLASS recycling , *X-ray fluorescence - Abstract
Written sources indicate that Alexandria in Egypt was a leading producer of Roman glass. Furthermore, archaeological finds have provided evidence for the local production of drawn glass and gold‐in‐glass beads, which were distributed throughout the world. In this study, we present an analysis of the chemical composition of more than two hundred glass objects from the Roman (2nd–3rd/4th century ce) and Late Antique (4th/5th–7th century ce) glass bead workshops located at Kom el‐Dikka in Alexandria. This study is based on the results of portable X‐ray fluorescence (pXRF) analyses carried out on raw glass, bead semi‐products, products and waste from both periods. Additionally, the glass chemistry of some Islamic (8th–12th century ce) beads found at the site has been analysed.Despite the limitations of the method, the vast majority of samples exhibited compositions confirming their general dating and Egyptian origin. Remarkably, a single bead was made of high‐alumina glass and appeared to be an import from India, possibly a remnant of the Indo‐Pacific glass bead route that connected Red Sea ports and Europe in Late Antiquity. In addition, we offer a new analytical approach to the method that has potential to enhance the value of pXRF in the analysis of archaeological glass. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
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- 2024
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37. Enhanced Photoluminescence of Plasma-Treated Recycled Glass Particles.
- Author
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Remeš, Zdeněk, Babčenko, Oleg, Jarý, Vítězslav, and Beranová, Klára
- Subjects
- *
GLASS recycling , *PHOTOLUMINESCENCE , *POWDERED glass , *X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy , *SURFACE cleaning - Abstract
Recycled soda-lime glass powder is a sustainable material that is also often considered a filler in cement-based composites. The changes in the surface properties of the glass particles due to the treatments were analyzed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and optical spectroscopy. We have found that there is a relatively high level of carbon contamination on the surface of the glass particles (around 30 at.%), so plasma technology and thermal annealing were tested for surface cleaning. Room temperature plasma treatment was not sufficient to remove the carbon contamination from the surface of the recycled glass particles. Instead, the room temperature plasma treatment of recycled soda-lime glass particles leads to a significant enhancement in their room temperature photoluminescence (PL) by increasing the intensity and accelerating the decay of the photoluminescence. The enhanced blue PL after room-temperature plasma treatment was attributed to the presence of carbon contamination on the glass surface and associated charge surface and interfacial defects and interfacial states. Therefore, we propose blue photoluminescence under UV LED as a fast and inexpensive method to indicate carbon contamination on the surface of glass particles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
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- 2024
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38. Recycling of Thermoplastic Glass Fiber‐Reinforced Composites Using High‐Voltage Fragmentation.
- Author
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Schmidt, Jannick, Auer, Maximilian, Grammel, Lena, and Woidasky, Jörg
- Subjects
- *
GLASS-reinforced plastics , *GLASS recycling , *GLASS fibers , *THERMOPLASTICS , *CORE materials , *REINFORCED thermoplastics , *WASTE recycling - Abstract
A rectangular polymer profile made of glass fiber‐reinforced thermoplastic sheathing material and a polyethylene terephthalate foam core were to be separated for recycling. For this purpose, a mechanical recycling process utilizing a cutting mill and the high‐voltage fragmentation (HVF) process were used and their achievements in composite separation were compared. For both separation methods, parameter variations resulted in a total of two test series each consisting of drying, screening, optional density separation, ashing, weighing, microscopic analyses, and glass fiber length measurements. Using HVF, a better separation of the core and sheath materials was achieved and longer glass fibers could be recovered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
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- 2024
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39. Engineered polyethylene terephthalate hydrolases: perspectives and limits.
- Author
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Kawai, Fusako, Iizuka, Ryo, and Kawabata, Takeshi
- Subjects
- *
POLYETHYLENE terephthalate , *HYDROLASES , *GLASS transition temperature , *BIODEGRADABLE plastics , *PLASTIC scrap , *GLASS recycling - Abstract
Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) is a major component of plastic waste. Enzymatic PET hydrolysis is the most ecofriendly recycling technology. The biorecycling of PET waste requires the complete depolymerization of PET to terephthalate and ethylene glycol. The history of enzymatic PET depolymerization has revealed two critical issues for the industrial depolymerization of PET: industrially available PET hydrolases and pretreatment of PET waste to make it susceptible to full enzymatic hydrolysis. As none of the wild-type enzymes can satisfy the requirements for industrialization, various mutational improvements have been performed, through classical technology to state-of-the-art computational/machine-learning technology. Recent engineering studies on PET hydrolases have brought a new insight that flexibility of the substrate-binding groove may improve the efficiency of PET hydrolysis while maintaining sufficient thermostability, although the previous studies focused only on enzymatic thermostability above the glass transition temperature of PET. Industrial biorecycling of PET waste is scheduled to be implemented, using micronized amorphous PET. Next stage must be the development of PET hydrolases that can efficiently degrade crystalline parts of PET and expansion of target PET materials, not only bottles but also textiles, packages, and microplastics. This review discusses the current status of PET hydrolases, their potential applications, and their profespectal goals. Key points: • PET hydrolases must be thermophilic, but their operation must be below 70 °C • Classical and state-of-the-art engineering approaches are useful for PET hydrolases • Enzyme activity on crystalline PET is most expected for future PET biorecycling [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
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- 2024
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40. Quality degradation in glass recycling: substitutability model proposal.
- Author
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Barbato, Paula Martina, Olsson, Emma, and Rigamonti, Lucia
- Subjects
- *
GLASS recycling , *WASTE treatment , *DETERIORATION of materials , *GLASS waste , *WASTE management , *WASTE recycling - Abstract
• This study proposes a model to consider quality degradation in glass recycling. • The model is based on technical quality substitutability and market applicability. • The model was applied to a case study on glass waste treatment. • Accounting for quality degradation, only 83% of cullet can replaces raw materials. • The decrease of recycling benefits was of 13–23% for the examined impact categories. The sustainability assessment of waste management systems requires tools capable of evaluating material quality degradation during recycling. Existing research has predominantly focused on the development of substitutability models for plastics, leaving a gap in addressing other materials like glass. Glass is commonly regarded as endlessly recyclable, even though its actual recyclability depends on several crucial factors, such as colour and pollutant contamination. Many Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) studies in this field assume a one-to-one substitution coefficient, neglecting material deterioration and inaccurately representing real-world scenarios. This study proposes and assesses a substitutability model for glass, aiming to measure the replacement extent between virgin materials and recycled crushed glass (cullet). The methodology is based on two key factors: technical quality substitutability, considering impurities and colour contaminations in cullet, and market applicability, accounting for market demand. Once formulated, the model was applied to a European case study on glass waste treatment. Two scenarios were considered: one assuming complete substitution between cullet and raw materials, the other incorporating quality degradation. Findings indicate that, accounting for quality degradation, only 83% of cullet effectively replaces raw materials, resulting in a decrease of the benefit associated with recycling of 13–23% for the different examined impact categories, compared to complete replacement assumption. This underscores the importance of considering quality deterioration in glass recycling impact assessments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
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41. Sustainable Recycling of Selenium‐Based Optoelectronic Devices.
- Author
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Wang, Xia, Li, Zongbao, Jin, Bowen, Lu, Wenbo, Feng, Mingjie, Dong, Binghai, Liu, Qingxiang, Yan, Hui‐Juan, Wang, Shi‐Min, and Xue, Ding‐Jiang
- Subjects
- *
OPTOELECTRONIC devices , *GOLD electrodes , *SOLAR cells , *VAPOR pressure , *AMORPHOUS silicon , *GLASS recycling , *BIOCHEMICAL substrates - Abstract
Selenium (Se), the world's oldest optoelectronic material, has been widely applied in various optoelectronic devices such as commercial X‐ray flat‐panel detectors and photovoltaics. However, despite the rare and widely‐dispersed nature of Se element, a sustainable recycling of Se and other valuable materials from spent Se‐based devices has not been developed so far. Here a sustainable strategy is reported that makes use of the significantly higher vapor pressure of volatile Se compared to other functional layers to recycle all of them from end‐of‐life Se‐based devices through a closed‐space evaporation process, utilizing Se photovoltaic devices as a case study. This strategy results in high recycling yields of ≈ 98% for Se and 100% for other functional materials including valuable gold electrodes and glass/FTO/TiO2 substrates. The refabricated photovoltaic devices based on these recycled materials achieve an efficiency of 12.33% under 1000‐lux indoor illumination, comparable to devices fabricated using commercially sourced materials and surpassing the current indoor photovoltaic industry standard of amorphous silicon cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
42. New Chemistries for Degradable Pressure‐Sensitive Adhesive Networks.
- Author
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Abu Bakar, Rohani, Keddie, Joseph L., and Roth, Peter J.
- Subjects
- *
PRESSURE-sensitive adhesives , *POLYMER colloids , *GLASS recycling , *GLASS transition temperature , *WASTE recycling , *RENEWABLE natural resources , *MOLECULAR weights - Abstract
With the increasing use of pressure‐sensitive adhesives (PSAs) in various industries, there is a need for greater sustainability, particularly in developing polymer materials from renewable resources, as well as the reuse and recycling of materials to reduce environmental impact, reduce waste, or extend their life. Here, we outlined the required properties of PSAs which are governed by the molecular parameters (molecular weights, dispersities, molecular weight between entanglement, molecular weight between cross‐links and gel content) of polymer materials which subsequently define the physical properties (storage and loss moduli, glass transition temperature) that are required for good performance in peel, tack and shear tests. The sustainable approach discussed here is the development of degradable polymer materials featuring selectively degradable linkages in the backbone. This provides a viable alternative for the design of PSAs that could overcome the 'stickies' problem and make the recycling of glass and cardboard more efficient. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
43. Life Cycle Assessment of Immobilised and Slurry Photocatalytic Systems for Removal of Natural Organic Matter in Water.
- Author
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Gowland, Dan C. A., Robertson, Neil, and Chatzisymeon, Efthalia
- Subjects
CARBON content of water ,PRODUCT life cycle assessment ,DRINKING water purification ,PHOTOCATALYTIC water purification ,ENVIRONMENTAL impact analysis ,GLASS recycling ,SLURRY ,AIR purification - Abstract
This study investigates the environmental impacts caused by the scaling up of the photocatalytic purification of drinking water using ultraviolet light-emitting diode technology. The life cycle assessment methodology was utilised to estimate the environmental impacts of two different reactor setups commonly used in lab-scale studies: an immobilised and a suspended TiO
2 catalytic system. The functional unit adopted was the treatment of 1 L of water with an initial 7.8 mg/L concentration of natural organic matter, achieving a final 1 mg/L concentration. The use of a suspended photocatalyst was found to have an environmental footprint that was 87% lower than that of the immobilised one. From the sensitivity analysis, the environmental hotspots of the treatment process were the electricity usage and immobilised catalyst production. Therefore, alternative scenarios investigating the use of a renewable electricity mix and recyclable materials were explored to enhance the environmental performance of the photocatalytic treatment process. Using a renewable electricity mix, a decrease of 55% and 15% for the suspended and immobilised catalyst, respectively, was observed. Additionally, the process of recycling the glass used to support the immobilised catalyst achieved a maximum reduction of 22% in the environmental impact from the original scenario, with 100 glass reuses appearing to provide diminishing returns on the environmental impact savings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...- Published
- 2024
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44. NEWS.
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GLASS recycling ,LAMINATED glass ,GREENHOUSE gas mitigation ,GLASS fibers - Abstract
Pilkington UK has made several appointments to strengthen its architectural glass division, including Leo Pyrah as Head of Commercial. Pyrah will lead the commercial strategy and oversee sales, customer services, and marketing. The company has also hired two Specification Sales Managers to manage relationships with architects and connect customers with high-value projects. In other news, researchers have discovered self-healing glasses that can repair damage caused by gamma radiation, and Beta Glass has partnered with Wecyclers to launch a fleet of cullet trucks to enhance recycling efforts in Nigeria. Additionally, Glass Fibre Europe welcomes the adoption of the Net-Zero Industry Act by the European Parliament and calls for trade defense measures to support local production. Lastly, Knauf Insulation is investing €200 million in a new rock mineral wool factory for the UK market, aiming to meet the growing demand for insulation solutions with ultra-low embodied carbon. [Extracted from the article] more...
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- 2024
45. Commercial glass strengthening and safety technologies: lessons learned and yet to be learned.
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Macrelli, Guglielmo, Varshneya, Arun K., Karlsson, Stefan, and Mauro, John C.
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GLASS products ,SAFETY goggles ,SUSTAINABILITY ,ENERGY consumption ,GLASS recycling ,STRENGTH training - Abstract
This is the fourth in this series of "Lessons Learned and Yet to be Learned" on topics related to glass strength. In this paper we pick up the topic of stronger glass products from our earlier publication and expand to discussing commercial technologies. Included in this discussion are a brief historical perspective of the initial technologies and update to newer technologies with the aim to obtain faster production rates that focus on lightweight glass products and a sustainable future with respect to resource conservation, reduced energy consumption and reduced CO
2 emissions. Also included are glass products which focus on safety mostly and less on overall strength. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...- Published
- 2024
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46. Current situation and prospects for the clean utilization of gold tailings.
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Li, Shenghan, Chen, Jiali, Gao, Wenhao, Lyu, Xianjun, Liang, Ziyun, and Zhou, Wentao
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- *
METAL tailings , *GOLD , *TECHNOLOGICAL innovations , *PARTICLE size distribution , *MAGNETIC separation , *GLASS recycling , *PARTICULATE matter , *GOLD mining - Abstract
• The utilization characteristics of gold tailings were reviewed. • The recovery of valuable components from gold tailings was summarized. • The application of gold tailings in the field of materials was adumbrated. • A new process combining magnetic separation and cemented filling was proposed. Gold tailings are characterized by low-grade, complex composition, fine embedded particle size, environmental pollution, and large land occupation. This paper describes the mineralogical properties of gold tailings, including chemical composition, phase composition, particle size distribution, and microstructure; summarizes the recycling and utilization of components such as mica, feldspar, and valuable metals in gold tailings; reviews harmless treatment measures for harmful elements in gold tailings; and adumbrated the research progress of gold tailings in the application fields of building materials, ceramics, and glass materials. Based on these discussions, a new technology roadmap that combines multistage magnetic separation and cemented filling is proposed for the clean utilization of all components of gold tailings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
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- 2024
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47. Optimising Recycling Processes for Polyimine-Based Vitrimer Carbon Fibre-Reinforced Composites: A Comparative Study on Reinforcement Recovery and Material Properties.
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Pomázi, Ákos, Poór, Dániel István, Geier, Norbert, and Toldy, Andrea
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CARBON composites , *FIBROUS composites , *WASTE recycling , *SUSTAINABLE development , *COMPOSITE structures , *CARBON fibers , *GLASS recycling - Abstract
We investigated the recycling process of carbon fibre-reinforced polyimine vitrimer composites and compared composites made from virgin and recycled fibres. The vitrimer matrix consisted of a two-component polyimine-type vitrimer system, and as reinforcing materials, we used nonwoven felt and unidirectional carbon fibre. Various diethylenetriamine (DETA) and xylene solvent ratios were examined to find the optimal dissolution conditions. The 20:80 DETA–xylene ratio provided efficient dissolution, and the elevated temperature (80 °C) significantly accelerated the process. Scaling up to larger composite structures was demonstrated. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) confirmed effective matrix removal, with minimal residue on carbon fibre surfaces and good adhesion in recycled composites. The recycled nonwoven composite exhibited a decreased glass transition temperature due to the residual solvents in the matrix, while the UD composite showed a slight increase. Dynamic mechanical analysis on the recycled composite showed an increased storage modulus for nonwoven composites at room temperature and greater resistance to deformation at elevated temperatures for the UD composites. Interlaminar shear tests indicated slightly reduced adhesion strength in the reprocessed composites. Overall, this study demonstrates the feasibility of recycling vitrimer composites, emphasising the need for further optimisation to ensure environmental and economic sustainability while mitigating residual solvent and matrix effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
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- 2024
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48. THE DEVELOPMENT OF CERAMICS CLAY BODY AND GLAZE FROM RECYCLING MATERIAL TO DECREASE PRODUCTION COSTS AND PRESERVING THE ENVIRONMENT.
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Patinya Sang-aroon, Suraphan Rattanavadi, Palang Wongtanasuporn, Chutima Ngampipat, Chonmapat Torasa, Sethakarn Prongnuch, Aphirak Thitinaruemit, Tadchanon Chuman, and Narong Sangwaranatee
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GLASS recycling , *SLIP casting , *RICE hulls , *MELTING points , *WASTE recycling - Abstract
Waste recycling is one of the interesting topics in academia and industry. This research has 2 sections. The first section focuses on rice husk ash recycling to substitute as silica in the system of ceramic clay body. The second section focuses on defining the possibility of developing a recycling glaze from recycled glass. For the first part, 11-point Biaxial Blend were used to corroborate the composition of ceramics clay body between rice husk ash and Bannasan Surajathanee ball clay. All of the raw materials were ground for 1 h, forming by slip casting and sintered at 1,200 and 1,250°C for 1 h. The test pieces were physical properties tested for firing shrinkage and water absorption. Test piece No. 5 (40% rice husk ash and 60% ball clay) sintered at 1,200°C were the best properties at 30.4% of water absorption, 52.98 apparent porosity and 9.38 % firing shrinkage. For the second part, the result shows a complete melting point of recycling glass is 1,200°C. Kaolin, Ranong province and transparency bottles were used as starting raw materials in this research. The recycling glass was mixed with kaolin by 21-point biaxial bland, ground and sintered at 1,200°C. The results show samples No. 15-16 had the best appearance such as completely melting, good transparency, fine cracking, glossy and slightly down to cover a pattern and emphasis. It can save more than 60% of the commercial raw material. It is also beneficial to the ceramics industry in terms of cost savings and preserving the environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
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- 2024
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49. Stress-strain behaviour of carbon fibre reinforced polymer-confined concrete containing macro fibres recycled from waste glass fibre reinforced polymer.
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Zou, Qi-Qi, Fu, Bing, Chen, Jian-Fei, and Teng, Jin-Guang
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GLASS recycling , *GLASS fibers , *REINFORCED concrete , *FIBERS , *STRAINS & stresses (Mechanics) , *POLYMER-impregnated concrete - Abstract
Glass fibre-reinforced polymer (GFRP) wastes may be mechanically processed into small strips called "macro fibres," which were used as short reinforcement fibres to produce macro fibre reinforced concrete (MFRC). The addition of such macro fibres into concrete has proven to be effective in enhancing the flexural strength and toughness of concrete, but it also slightly reduces the compressive strength of concrete. This paper presents a study on the behaviour of CFRP-confined MFRC. A total of 84 CFRP-confined MFRC cylinders were prepared and tested in axial compression. The test parameters included the CFRP confinement stiffness, macro fibre content, and fibre length. The test results show that the compressive strength and ultimate axial strain can be significantly enhanced through the use of CFRP confinement. The ultimate axial strain of CFRP-confined concrete with macro fibres is slightly higher than that without macro fibres. The test results were compared with two well-known stress-strain models for FRP-confined concrete, including Teng et al.'s design-oriented model and Jiang and Teng's analysis-oriented model. A comparative analysis showed that both models slightly underestimate the compressive strength and slightly overestimate the ultimate axial strain for CFRP-confined MFRC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
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- 2024
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50. Separation and Analysis of Connected, Micrometer-Sized, High-Frequency Damage on Glass Plates due to Laser-Accelerated Material Fragments in Vacuum.
- Author
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Pietzsch, Sabrina, Wollny, Sebastian, and Grimm, Paul
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SURFACE plates ,GLASS recycling ,GLASS ,CENTER of mass ,FEATURE extraction - Abstract
In this paper, we present a new processing method, called MOSES—Impacts, for the detection of micrometer-sized damage on glass plate surfaces. It extends existing methods by a separation of damaged areas, called impacts, to support state-of-the-art recycling systems in optimizing their parameters. These recycling systems are used to repair process-related damages on glass plate surfaces, caused by accelerated material fragments, which arise during a laser–matter interaction in a vacuum. Due to a high number of impacts, the presented MOSES—Impacts algorithm focuses on the separation of connected impacts in two-dimensional images. This separation is crucial for the extraction of relevant features such as centers of gravity and radii of impacts, which are used as recycling parameters. The results show that the MOSES—Impacts algorithm effectively separates impacts, achieves a mean agreement with human users of (82.0 ± 2.0)%, and improves the recycling of glass plate surfaces by identifying around 7% of glass plate surface area as being not in need of repair compared to existing methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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