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Anomalies displaying significant deviations between terrain elevation products acquired from spaceborne full-waveform LiDAR and reference elevations are frequently observed in assessment studies. While the predominant focus is on "normal" data, recognizing anomalies within datasets obtained from the Geoscience Laser Altimeter System (GLAS) and the Global Ecosystem Dynamics Investigation (GEDI) is essential for a comprehensive understanding of widely used spaceborne full-waveform data, which not only facilitates optimal data utilization but also enhances the exploration of potential applications. Nevertheless, our comprehension of anomalies remains limited as they have received scant specific attention. Diverging from prevalent practices of directly eliminating outliers, we conducted a targeted exploration of anomalies in forested areas using both transmitted and return waveforms from the GLAS and the GEDI in conjunction with airborne LiDAR point cloud data. We unveiled that elevation anomalies stem not from the transmitted pulses or product algorithms, but rather from scattering sources. We further observed similarities between the GLAS and the GEDI despite their considerable disparities in sensor parameters, with the waveforms characterized by a low signal-to-noise ratio and a near exponential decay in return energy; specifically, return signals of anomalies originated from clouds rather than the land surface. This discovery underscores the potential of deriving cloud-top height from spaceborne full-waveform LiDAR missions, particularly the GEDI, suggesting promising prospects for applying GEDI data in atmospheric science—an area that has received scant attention thus far. To mitigate the impact of abnormal return waveforms on diverse land surface studies, we strongly recommend incorporating spaceborne LiDAR-offered terrain elevation in data filtering by establishing an elevation-difference threshold against a reference elevation. This is especially vital for studies concerning forest parameters due to potential cloud interference, yet a consensus has not been reached within the community. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Jacques Derrida's scattered remarks on the ambiguous role examples play in the passage between the universal and the singular revolve around an often‐neglected point: any attempt to theorise exemplarity will itself be subject to the law it seeks to account for. This oversight limits scholarship on the subject, but may be amended by returning to the loci classici on exemplarity in Derrida's Glas, La vérité en peinture, Passions, and elsewhere. Moreover, in three texts published in the 1980s: La loi du genre, Préjugés and Psyché, Derrida emphasises how literature is particularly given to 'remark' its own status as literature and as such provides a privileged example of the problem of exemplarity. Another example in which exemplarity is in general singularly implicated is deconstruction itself. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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In this article, the authors investigate the effectiveness of glass and metal recycling in Roman towns. The comparison of sealed primary deposits (reflecting what was in use in Roman towns) with dumping sites shows a marked drop in glass and metal finds in the dumps. Although different replacement ratios and fragmentation indices affect the composition of the assemblages recovered in dumps, recycling appears to have played a fundamental role, very effectively reintroducing into the productive chain most glass and metal items before their final discard. After presenting a case study from Pompeii, the authors examine contexts from other sites that suggest that recycling practices were not occasional. In sum, recycling should be considered as an effective and systematic activity that shaped the economy of Roman towns. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Im südlichen Bereich vom Flughafen Frankfurt entsteht mit dem Neubau von Terminal 3 eines der größten Infrastrukturprojekte Europas. Nach seiner Fertigstellung können bis zu 19 Mio. Reisende von drei neuen Flugsteigen an Deutschlands größtem Flughafen an‐ und abreisen, durch den Marktplatz schlendern oder in den zahlreichen Lounges entspannen. Da zum Montagezeitpunkt der Check‐in‐Halle der umliegende Rohbau so weit fortgeschritten war, dass die Zugänglichkeit und somit eine Montage mit Schwerlastkranen nicht mehr möglich war, gab es nur mehr eine Lösung zur Realisierung des Dachtragwerks: Die Dachfläche mit gesamt 26.000 m2 wurde in fünf einzelne Segmente aufgeteilt, auf einer Plattform in 28 m Höhe zusammengebaut und von einer Seite aus nacheinander über die Halle mit einer Länge von 200 m gezogen. Wie bringt man ein 2,5 Fußballfelder großes Dachelement auf bzw. über das Terminalhauptgebäude? Dieser bauliche Anspruch stellte alle Beteiligten vor große Herausforderungen. Die Montagehilfskonstruktion musste auf die bereits errichteten vier Geschosse des Massivbaus abgestimmt werden, sodass diese nicht überlastet und beschädigt würden. Auch durften in den Untergeschossen keine zusätzlichen, störenden Unterstellungen gebaut werden, da hier bereits Ausbauarbeiten vorgesehen waren. Wie berechnet man eine Verschubkonstruktion dieser Dimension, welche Eventualitäten müssen berücksichtigt werden und wie lässt sich eine Dachfläche mit 4500 m2 und 1550 t verschieben bzw. verziehen? Schwerpunkte der Tragwerksplanung und der Montage werden in diesem Beitrag beschrieben. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Under physiological conditions, phosphatidylserine (PS) predominantly localizes to the cytosolic leaflet of the plasma membrane of cells. During apoptosis, PS is exposed on the cell surface and serves as an "eat-me" signal for macrophages to prevent releasing self-immunogenic cellular components from dying cells which could potentially lead to autoimmunity. However, increasing evidence indicates that viable cells can also expose PS on their surface. Interestingly, tumor cell-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) externalize PS. Recent studies have proposed PS-exposing EVs as a potential biomarker for the early detection of cancer and other diseases. However, there are confounding results regarding subtypes of PS-positive EVs, and knowledge of PS exposure on the EV surface requires further elucidation. In this study, we enriched small EVs (sEVs) and medium/large EVs (m/lEVs) from conditioned media of breast cancer cells (MDA-MB-231, MDA-MB-468) and non-cancerous cells (keratinocytes, fibroblasts). Since several PS-binding molecules are available to date, we compared recombinant proteins of annexin A5 and the carboxylated glutamic acid domain of Protein S (GlaS), also specific for PS, to detect PS-exposing EVs. Firstly, PS externalization in each EV fraction was analyzed using a bead-based EV assay, which combines EV capture using microbeads and analysis of PS-exposing EVs by flow cytometry. The bulk EV assay showed higher PS externalization in m/lEVs derived from MDA-MB-468 cells but not from MDA-MB-231 cells, while higher binding of GlaS was also observed in m/lEVs from fibroblasts. Second, using single EV flow cytometry, PS externalization was also analyzed on individual sEVs and m/lEVs. Significantly higher PS externalization was detected in m/lEVs (annexin A1+) derived from cancer cells compared to m/lEVs (annexin A1+) from non-cancerous cells. These results emphasize the significance of PS-exposing m/lEVs (annexin A1+) as an undervalued EV subtype for early cancer detection and provide a better understanding of PS externalization in disease-associated EV subtypes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article brings together two unrelated ethnographies in which former hostages of the FARC held in the Colombian rainforest and traditionalist Russian Orthodox Christians both claim to have heard the voice of God. Through analyzing the subjective assumptions made about intentionality and voice agency by these two sets of listeners, an attempt is made to understand what might be the circumstances that lead one to believe he or she has heard a "divine" voice. For the Catholic Colombian captives who recycled what they took to be prophetic radio voices and for Russian Orthodox Christians who believed God was speaking through the priest when they heard the liturgical language (Church Slavonic), the voice was embodied in an unfamiliar way. It was the combination of this and various synesthetic factors that made the voice appear to them as a manifestation of divine power. The coupling of words with voice had been misaligned leading to a muddling of intentionality and semiotic ambiguity vis-à-vis the voice and mimetic responses to it. Building on ethnographic research with white Christians in America who were on a quest for intuitively non-self-generated thoughts, this research shows that inner voices can be used to invoke linguistic representations of God in the absence of any training. Moreover, these two pieces of fieldwork demonstrate how much there is to learn by examining the subjectivity and dialogicality of voice when external and internal socialities are juxtaposed, and when different semiotic ideologies of voice come into contact. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cancer poses a significant threat to life due to its aggressive nature, high potential for metastasis, and heterogeneity. Globally, both the men and women are mostly affected by lung and colon (LC) cancer. Early and accurate detection is essential to enhance the well-being of patients facing LC cancer. The traditional techniques face challenges such as low accuracy and high execution time. This work combines the pre-trained deep learning (DL) models like ResNet-50, InceptionV3, and DenseNet with Kernel Extreme Learning Machine (KELM) for the accurate and fast diagnosis of LC cancer using histopathology images. The pre-trained DL models provide a strong foundation for feature extraction, capturing intricate patterns indicative of cancerous tissues. Feature fusion combines the complementary strengths of multiple pre-trained models, enhancing the method's ability to capture diverse features and improve classification accuracy. KELM efficiently handles the high-dimensional feature space generated by the DL models, ensuring fast and accurate classification. Mutation Boosted Dwarf Mongoose Optimization Algorithm (MB-DMOA) further optimizes the model parameters, mitigating the risk of getting stuck in local optima and facilitating better convergence towards the global optimum. By leveraging the advantages of each technique and integrating them into a cohesive framework, the proposed approach achieves superior performance in diagnosing LC cancer, ultimately improving patient outcomes. The proposed study attains accuracy (98.9%), F1-score (97.6%), specificity (96.5%), precision (96.7%) and sensitivity (95.8%). The results illuminate the efficacy of this approach within therapeutic environments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Govor is the property of Sekcija za Fonetiku Hrvatskog Filoloskog Drustva and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

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Mit den hier vorgestellten Ergebnissen an geklebten Holz‐Glas‐Proben aus Experimenten unter Kurz‐ und Langzeitbeanspruchung mit vielen Parametern (Holzsorte, Klebstoff, Temperaturen und Luftfeuchtigkeit) konnten neue Erkenntnisse gewonnen werden. Bei Zug‐ und Durckscherproben hat der Klebstoff den größeren Einfluss auf die Festigkeit. Die Temperatur bei 1K‐PU, Silanen und Acrylaten hat bis 60 °C einen signifikanten Einfluss auf die Festigkeit, bei 2K‐Epoxiden bis 80 °C keinen. In Verbundversuchen unter dauerhafter zyklischer Klimalagerung wurde deutlich, dass durch das Holzquellen Zugspannungen an der Glasaußenseite auftreten. Dies stellt eine ungünstige Belastungssituation für großflächig verklebte Glasscheiben dar, die bei Klebstoffen mit hoher Steifigkeit zu Rissen im Glas führen. Structural wood‐glass‐bonds under short‐ and long‐term loading. The results presented here on bonded wood‐glass specimens from experiments under short‐ and long‐term stress with many parameters (wood type, adhesive, temperatures, and humidity) provided new insights. In tensile and compression tests, the adhesive has the greater influence on the strength. The temperature has a significant influence on the strength of 1K PU, silanes and acrylates up to 60 °C, and none up to 80 °C for 2K epoxies. In composite tests under permanent cyclic climate storage, it became clear that tensile stresses occur on the outside of the glass due to wood swelling. This is an unfavourable load situation for glass panes bonded over a large area, which leads to cracks in the glass in the case of adhesives with high stiffness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Die moderne Architektur strebt nach transparenten Gebäudehüllen und insbesondere nach nachhaltigen und bauphysikalisch adäquaten Glasfassaden. Typischerweise werden Glasfassaden entworfen, um eine Vielzahl von Zielen zu erfüllen, eines davon sind die Anforderungen an den Schallschutz. Eine zuverlässige Abschätzung der Schalldämmeigenschaften beliebiger Glasaufbauten ist aufgrund der Komplexität experimenteller Tests oder numerischer Simulationen zeitaufwendig und kostenintensiv. Daher wird in dieser Arbeit ein maschineller Lern‐Ansatz zur Prädiktion der akustischen Eigenschaften beliebiger Glasaufbauten vorgestellt. SOUNDLAB AI Tool – Machine learning for the determination of the weighted sound Insulation Value. Modern architecture strives for transparent building envelopes and, in particular, for sustainable and physically adequate glass facades. Typically, glass facades are designed to meet a variety of objectives, one of which is to satisfy sound insulation requirements. Reliable estimation of the sound insulation properties of arbitrary glass assemblies is time consuming and costly due to the complexity of experimental tests or numerical simulations. Therefore, this paper presents a machine learning approach for predicting the acoustic properties of various glass setups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Im Rahmen der aktuellen Forschungsprojekte befassen sich die Autoren mit der ressourceneffizienten Optimierung von Tragelementen im mehrgeschossigen Hochbau. Die nachhaltige Architektur reagiert auf den umweltpolitischen Wandel und beschäftigt sich vermehrt mit den Baustoffen Holz, Stahl und Glas. In dem Beitrag soll die Signifikanz von Glas als Tragstruktur verdeutlicht werden. Anhand einer durchgeführten Studie für entwickelte Glas‐Hybridelemente konnten ein effizienter Einsatz ermittelt und eine materialgerechte Anwendung ermöglicht werden. Zur Verdeutlichung werden außerdem einige innovative Projekte und Forschungsarbeiten zu druckbeanspruchtem Glas vorgestellt. Mit einer ökologischen Bewertung und Gegenüberstellung der Stützelemente mit den konventionellen Ausführungen in Stahl‐, Stahlbeton‐ und Holzbauweise wird das Potenzial solcher Konstruktionen weiter belegt. Glass as a compression member | A sustainable solution. As a part of the current research projects, the authors deal with the resource‐efficient optimization of load‐bearing elements in multi‐story building construction. Sustainable architecture reacts to changes in environmental policy and deals increasingly with the building materials timber, steel and glass. The aim of the paper is to clarify the significance of glass as a supporting structure. On the basis of a study carried out for developed glass hybrid elements, an efficient use was determined and an application appropriate to the material made possible. Some innovative projects and research work on pressure‐stressed glass are also presented. With an ecological assessment and comparison of the supporting elements with the conventional designs in steel, reinforced concrete and timber construction, the potential of such structures is further proven. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Eine moderne Stadt wird lebenswerter, wenn Erscheinung, Funktionalität, Qualität und Nachhaltigkeit der gebauten Umgebung überzeugen. Dieser Essay stellt weltweit realisierte, besonders filigrane und einzigartige Strukturen mit und aus Glas vor. Projekte wie die Bahnhofsüberdachung der Moynihan Train Hall in New York City oder die U‐Bahn Haltestelle Elbbrücken in Hamburg, die besonderen Fassaden des Apple Stores in Brooklyn sowie die des Nordstrom Flagship Stores in Manhattan, bis hin zum einladenden, eleganten Vordach des Hospitals Israelita Albert Einstein in São Paulo stehen stellvertretend für eine besondere Form der strukturellen Schönheit. Glass structures in the city – an essay on working with the transparent material. A modern city is perceived to be livable when the quality and sustainability of the built environment are compelling. This essay presents delicate and unique glass structures and buildings that positively shape urban space worldwide. Projects discussed span from the skylights of the Moynihan Train Hall in New York City and the Elbbrücken U‐Bahn station in Hamburg to the specialized facades of the Apple store in Brooklyn and the Nordstrom flagship store in Manhattan to the inviting, elegant canopy of the Israelita Albert Einstein Hospital in São Paulo. All are fully realized examples where the implementation of glass highlights the beauty of structures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Inroduction. Pathological characteristics of voice and speech in persons with benign and malignant vocal fold tumors present as different variations in the voice pitch, intensity and quality. The aim of the study was to determine the speech capacity of persons with malignant and benign vocal fold tumors before and after surgical treatment and to establish if there are differences in the speech capacity in relation to the type of tumor. Material and Methods. The sample included 67 subjects who were divided into two groups: group I – subjects with benign tumors, vocal cord lesions (polyps, cysts) and Reinke’s edema and group II - subjects with malignant tumors, aged 23 to 74 years (mean age 55.43; standard deviation 11.95). Acoustic voice analysis, maximum phonation time of the vowel /a/, analysis of temporal speech organization, and sentence melody analysis were used for measuring the speech capacity. Results. Before surgery, the speech capacity in both groups of patients was almost equal, without statistical significance between the compared groups. After surgery, there was a statistically significant difference between the speech capacity in the examined groups, with better speech capacity observed in group I (t = -3.807, p < 0.001). The study did not show an isolated effect of time or tumor type on the speech capacity, but showed a combined effect (F = 10.079, p = 0.002). Conclusion. The proposed method for the assessment of the speech capacity before and after surgical treatment of vocal fold tumors is a useful tool for the prediction of the voice outcome and in planning rehabilitation procedures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Glasnik Slovenskega Etnološkega Društva is the property of Slovene Ethnological Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Im vorliegenden Artikel wird das subkritische Risswachstum in Kalk‐Natron‐Silikatglas in Abhängigkeit von Temperatur und Feuchtigkeit untersucht. Dabei werden Risswachstumsparameter innerhalb einer Klimakammer mittels Doppelring‐Biegeversuchen ermittelt. Um gleichbleibende initiale Risslängen in allen Probekörpern zu erhalten, sind diese mittels Vickers‐Eindringprüfung vorgeschädigt. In einem numerischen Modell wird abschließend der Einfluss der am Riss vorhandenen Feuchtigkeit auf die Versagensspannung von Glas abgebildet und der Einfluss der in der Literatur vorhandenen Risswachstumsparameter auf das Versagen von Glas kritisch diskutiert. Subcritical crack growth in glass depending on environmental conditions. Subcritical crack growth in soda‐lime‐silicateglass is investigated under different environmental conditions. Crack growth parameters as a function of these conditions are determined by coaxial ring‐on‐ring tests. For a constant initial crack size in all specimen, the Vickers indentation tests was utilized. The influence of the present humidity at the crack tip on the failure strength of glass was simulated numerically. Finally, the general influence of the crack growth parameters available in literature on the failure of glass is discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bauen mit Glas bedeutet Bauen mit Licht. In diesem Aufsatz sollen die Grundlagen zu Strahlung, zu Tageslicht sowie zur melanopischen Lichtwirkung auf den Menschen und deren quantitative Bewertung in seinen Ausgangspunkten beschrieben werden. Es werden darüber hinaus die wesentlichen strahlungsphysikalischen sowie lichttechnischen Kennwerte zum Baustoff Glas erläutert. Ebenso beschrieben werden die grundsätzlichen Funktionen von Glasbeschichtungen sowie deren Auswirkung auf die Qualität von Licht. Neben diesen Grundlagen wird die Verfügbarkeit von Tageslicht in Gebäuden beschrieben sowie ein Einblick in die neue europäische Tageslichtnorm DIN EN 17037 gegeben. Building with glass – using daylight efficiently. Building with glass means building with light. This paper aims to describe the principles of radiation, of daylight and of melanopic light effects – the biological effect of light on human beings – and their quantitative evaluation. Furthermore, the essential solar and luminous characteristics of glass as a building material are explained. The paper also describes the basic functions of glass coatings and their effect on the quality of light. In addition to these principles, a description is given of the availability of daylight inside buildings as well as a preview of and insight into the new European daylight standard DIN EN 17037. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Libri & Liberi is the property of Croatian Association of Researchers in Children's Literature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

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Zusammenfassung Ab Mitte der 1820er Jahre erfuhr die Mikroskop- Technik eine stürmische Entwicklung. Dadurch, dass es gelang, nach und nach die optischen Fehler zu korrigieren, verbesserte sich die Auflösung bis zum Ende des Jahrhunderts um den Faktor 10 von 3 μm auf 0,3 μm. Um 1820 begann Christian Gottfried Ehrenberg mit mikroskopischen Untersuchungen. Er nutzte zunächst ein einfaches Nürnberger Mikroskop. 1832 erwarb er ein Mikroskop aus der Berliner Werkstatt von Pistor & Schiek, das er dann zeitlebens nutzte. Ein Vergleich der Leistungsfähigkeit seines Instruments mit der für seine Untersuchungen notwendigen Auflösung zeigt, dass es für seine Untersuchungen vollkommen genügte. Für seine Untersuchungsobjekte entwickelte er Präparationstechniken und Aufbewahrungsmethoden für die Dauerpräparate. Da er auch die mikroskopischen Abbildungen bis hin zu den Vorlagen für die Kupfertafeln selbst anfertigte, behielt er den gesamten Prozess von der Präparation bis zum Druck der Ergebnisse stets in der Hand. Abstract From the mid-1820s onwards, microscope technology underwent a rapid development. Thanks to new possibilities for correcting optical errors, microscope resolution improved by a factor of 10 from 3 μm to 0.3 μm by the end of the century. Ehrenberg began his investigations in 1820 with a simple “Nürnberger Mikroskop”. In 1832, he acquired a microscope from the Berlin workshop of Pistor & Schiek, which he then used throughout his life. By comparing the performance of his instrument with the resolution required for his objects, this article demonstrates that the Pistor & Schiek was perfectly adequate for his investigations. Furthermore, it traces Ehrenberg’s process of producing microscopic images, which he controlled from start to finish: from the preparation and storage of specimens according to special methods he developed himself to the execution of the illustrations that would be used as templates for the copper plates. Résumé À partir du milieu des années 1820, la technologie des microscopes a connu un développement rapide. Grâce aux nouvelles possibilités de correction des erreurs optiques, il a été possible de corriger et d’améliorer la résolution des microscopes par un facteur de 10, passant de 3 μm à 0,3 μm à la fin du siècle. Ehrenberg a commencé ses recherches en 1820 avec un simple « Nürnberger Mikroskop ». En 1832, il a acquis un microscope de l’atelier berlinois de Pistor & Schiek, qu’il a ensuite utilisé toute sa vie. En comparant les performances de son instrument avec la résolution requise pour ses objets, cet article montre que le Pistor & Schiek était parfaitement adapté à ses investigations. En outre, il retrace le processus de production d’images microscopiques d’Ehrenberg, qu’il a contrôlé de bout en bout: de la préparation et du stockage des spécimens selon des méthodes spéciales qu’il a lui-même développées jusqu’à l’exécution des illustrations qui allaient servir de modèles pour les plaques de cuivre.

Sustainable forest management requires information on the spatial distribution, composition, and structure of forests. However, jurisdictions with large tracts of noncommercial forest, such as the Northwest Territories (NWT) of Canada, often lack detailed forest information across their land base. The goal of the Multisource Vegetation Inventory (MVI) project was to create a large area forest inventory (FI) map that could support strategic forest management in the NWT using optical, radar, and light detection and ranging (LiDAR) satellite remote sensing anchored on limited field plots and airborne LiDAR data. A new landcover map based on Landsat imagery was the first step to stratify forestland into broad forest types. A modelling chain linking FI plots to airborne and spaceborne LiDAR was then developed to circumvent the scarcity of field data in the region. The developed models allowed the estimation of forest attributes in thousands of surrogate FI plots corresponding to spaceborne LiDAR footprints distributed across the project area. The surrogate plots were used as a reference dataset for estimating each forest attribute in each 30 m forest cell within the project area. The estimation was based on the k-nearest neighbour (k-NN) algorithm, where the selection of the four most similar surrogate FI plots to each cell was based on satellite, topographic, and climatic data. Wall-to-wall 30 m raster maps of broad forest type, stand height, crown closure, stand volume, total volume, aboveground biomass, and stand age were created for a ~400,000 km2 area, validated with independent data, and generalized into a polygon GIS layer resembling a traditional FI map. The MVI project showed that a reasonably accurate FI map for large, remote, predominantly non-inventoried boreal regions can be obtained at a low cost by combining limited field data with remote sensing data from multiple sources.

Satellite forest inventories are the only feasible way to map Canada’s vast, remote forest regions, such as those in the Northwest Territories (NWT). A method used to create such inventories is the k-nearest neighbour (k-NN) algorithm, which spatially extends information from forest inventory (FI) plots to the entire forest land base using wall-to-wall features typically derived from Landsat data. However, the benefits of integrating L-band synthetic aperture radar (SAR) data, strongly correlated to forest biomass, have not been assessed for Canadian northern boreal forests. Here we describe an optimized multivariate k-NN implementation of a 151,700 km2 area in southern NWT that included ca. 2007 Landsat and dual-polarized Phased Array type L-band SAR (PALSAR) data on board the Advanced Land Observing Satellite (ALOS). Five forest attributes were mapped at 30 m cells: stand height, crown closure, stand/total volume and aboveground biomass (AGB). We assessed accuracy gains compared to Landsat-based maps. To circumvent the scarcity of FI plots, we used 3600 footprints from the Geoscience Laser Altimeter System (GLAS) as surrogate FI plots, where forest attributes were estimated using Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) metrics as predictors. After optimization, k-NN predicted forest attribute values for each pixel as the average of the 4 nearest (k = 4) surrogate FI plots within the Euclidian space of 9 best features (selected among 6 PALSAR, 10 Landsat, and 6 environmental features). Accuracy comparisons were based on 31 National Forest Inventory ground plots and over 1 million airborne LiDAR plots. Maps that included PALSAR HV backscatter resulted in forest attribute predictions with higher goodness of fit (adj. R2), lower percent mean error (ME%), and percent root mean square error (RMSE%), and lower underestimation for larger attribute values. Predictions were most accurate for conifer stand height (RMSE% = 32.1%, adj. R2 = 0.58) and AGB (RMSE% = 47.8%, adj. R2 = 0.74), which is much more abundant in the area than mixedwood or broadleaf. Our study demonstrates that optimizing k-NN parameters and feature space, including PALSAR, Landsat, and environmental variables, is a viable approach for inventory mapping of the northern boreal forest regions of Canada.

Zusammenfassung Der Aufsatz macht den Leser mit einem in der Regel wenig bekannten Aspekt aus Alexander von Humboldts Tätigkeit bekannt, seiner Beschäftigung mit den für das Brennen von Keramik und das Schmelzen von Glas genutzten Öfen. Das erfolgte in der Zeit von 1792─1797 im Zusammenhang mit seiner Tätigkeit als Bergbeamter im Auftrag des preußischen Königs in dessen Fürstentümern Ansbach und Bayreuth. In Gutachten und Berichten äußerte sich Alexander von Humboldt zu Ofenkonstruktionen und Hilfsmitteln für die Hochtemperaturprozesse. Er analysierte Ursachen für das Misslingen von Bränden sowie Schmelzen und unterbreitete Vorschläge zu ihrer Verbesserung. Verschiedene konstruktive Änderungen bei Reparaturen der vorhandenen Öfen im Steingutwerk Rheinsberg sowie in der Porzellanmanufaktur Bruckberg gingen auf Alexander von Humboldt zurück. Die Entscheidung zum Bau eines zweietagigen Rundofens in der Königlichen Porzellanmanufaktur Berlin wurde wahrscheinlich durch ihn beschleunigt. Der Siegeszug des zweietagigen Rundofens zum Brennen von Porzellan in Deutschland hängt eng mit Alexander von Humboldts Analysen zusammen. Seine Darstellungen werden anhand von Skizzen erläutert. Abstract This paper examines Alexander von Humboldt’s interest in kilns used for firing ceramics and melting glass. This lesser known aspect of Humboldt’s activities is related to his work as a Prussian mining officer in the principalities of Ansbach and Bayreuth between 1792 and 1797. In assessments and reports Humboldt commented on furnace designs and discussed the effectiveness of firing auxiliaries for high-temperature processes. He analysed the causes of the failure of burnings and meltings and made suggestions for their improvement. Various alterations that were carried out during repair work on existing furnaces at the ceramic manufactory in Rheinsberg and the porcelain manufactory in Bruckberg were initiated by Humboldt. Furthermore, it is likely that he was a driving force behind the decision to build a two-storey circular kiln at the Royal Porcelain Factory in Berlin. Hence the great success in Germany of the two-storeyed circular kiln for firing porcelain may very well be related to Humboldt’s analyses. His reports are explained by means of sketches. Résumé Cet article examine l'intérêt d'Alexander von Humboldt pour les fours utilisés pour la cuisson des céramiques et la fusion du verre. Cet aspect moins connu des activités de Humboldt est lié à son poste d’ingénieur des mines prussien dans les principautés d'Ansbach et de Bayreuth entre 1792 et 1797. Dans ses expertises et ses rapports, Humboldt a commenté la conception des fours et discuté l'efficacité des agents auxiliaires pour les procédés à haute température. Il a analysé les causes de l'échec des cuissons et des fusions et a fait des suggestions pour les améliorer. Humboldt est à l'origine de diverses modifications qui ont été effectuées lors des travaux de réparation sur les fours existants de la manufacture de céramique de Rheinsberg et de la manufacture de porcelaine de Bruckberg. En outre, il est probable qu'il a été l'élément moteur de la décision de construire un four circulaire à deux étages à la manufacture royale de porcelaine de Berlin. C’est pourquoi le grand succès du four circulaire à deux étages pour la cuisson de la porcelaine en Allemagne peut très bien être lié aux analyses de Humboldt. Ses présentations sont expliquées par des croquis.

Copyright of Issues in Ethnology Anthropology is the property of Issues in Ethnology Anthropology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Filozofija i Drustvo is the property of University of Belgrade, Institute for Philosophy & Social Theory and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper explores the question: How might accounting and business professional associations have some assurance that their professional ethics are presented within the coursework of educational institutions? A case is made that measurement of student perception of values within their courses may be key. The core concept is to link these student perceptions to the ethical standards of germane professional associations. A model was developed, the Multi-Stakeholder Values Measurement (MSVM) Model, which enabled a map linking student perceptions to the ethical standards of a professional association. A pilot study was performed utilizing previously-validated student values perception data from undergraduate accounting courses, a part of the Gunn-Lorton Attitudinal Surveys (GLAS) project at the University of San Francisco (USF), and the published ethical standards of the International Ethics Standards Board for Accountants (IESBA). Multiple regression and other statistical techniques were used to validate the model. Statistically significant findings enabled insights into student perceptions based on gender and major within the pilot study. Accounting majors as a whole generally scored higher than non-accounting majors, and perceived the principles of Integrity and Confidentiality to a statistically significant degree. In terms of gender differences, the results yielded a previously expected insight in that females scored higher than males, and in some instances, to a statistically significant degree (Thoma, 1986, Bailey, 2010). Within the accounting majors, females scored higher than males, and to a statistically significant degree for the principle of Conflict of Interest. Taking the group as a whole, all females scored higher than males for all principles, but no statistically significant differences were found. Considering just females, the female accounting majors scored higher than the female nonaccounting majors, with statistical significance found for the principles of Integrity (p>.01), Conflict of Interest (p>.05) and Confidentiality (p>.05). A discussion of considerations for future development is presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Es gibt zwei Kategorien von Koordinationspolymeren (CPs): anorganische CPs (i‐CPs) und durch organische Liganden verbrückte CPs (o‐CPs). Aufbauend auf dem Kristall‐Engineering von CPs diskutieren wir hier das Potenzial nichtkristalliner Zustände und Funktionalitäten als neue Forschungsrichtung für CPs. Die Kontrolle über flüssige oder glasartige Phasenzustände im Material ist wesentlich zum Erzielen bestimmter Eigenschaften und Funktionen. Mehrere Arbeiten zeigen die Möglichkeit, durch Umsetzung von Designprinzipien Flüssig/Glas‐Zustände in o‐CPs zu erreichen. Die Kombination der Metallionen und organischen Brückenliganden zusammen mit der Flüssig/Glas‐Phasenumwandlung belegt die Ähnlichkeit der o‐CPs zu ionischen Flüssigkeiten und anderen weichen ionischen Materialien. Synchrotronmessungen und Rechnungen tragen zur Aufklärung der Struktur und Dynamik der Flüssig/Glas‐Zustände der o‐CPs bei. Dies eröffnet die Möglichkeit zur Regulierung von Porosität, Leitfähigkeit, Transparenz und weiteren Materialeigenschaften. Die einzigartige Energielandschaft der Flüssig/Glas‐o‐CPs ermöglicht Eigenschaften und Funktionen, die komplementär zu denen kristalliner o‐CPs sind. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]