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Salinity is one of the largest stresses blocking horizontal and vertical expansion in agricultural lands. Establishing salt-tolerant genotypes is a promising method to benefit from poor water quality and salinized lands. An integrated method was developed for accomplishing reliable and effective evaluation of traits stability of salt-tolerant wheat. The study aims were to estimate the genetic relationships between explanatory traits and shoot dry matter (SDM), and determine the traits stability under three salinity levels. Morphophysiological and biochemical traits were evaluated as selection criteria for SDM improvement in wheat for salinity tolerance. Three cultivars and three high-yielding doubled haploid lines (DHLs) were used. Three salt (NaCl) levels (control (washed sand), 7 and 14 dS m−1) were applied for 45 days (at the first signs of death in the sensitive genotypes). All morphophysiological traits gradually decreased as salinity levels increased, excluding the number of roots. Decreases were more visible in sensitive genotypes than in tolerant genotypes. All biochemical traits increased as salinity levels increased. Variance inflation factors (VIFs) and condition number exhibited multicollinearity for membrane stability index and polyphenol oxidase activity. After their removal, all VIFs were 0.60%) and genetic gain (>20%) and highly significant genetic correlation, co-heritability, and selection efficiencies for SDM. CHL and CAT could be used as selection criteria for salinity tolerance in wheat-breeding programs. The tolerated line (DHL21) with the check cultivar (Sakha 93) can be also recommended as novel genetic resource for improving salinity tolerance of wheat.

In spite of the fact that so many papers in folklore scholarship have been dedicated to the question of the genesis of the joke as a genre (mainly speculating on its origin from the fairy tale) almost none of them attempts to reach beyond theoretical discussion on the problem. The aim of this article is to broaden the scope of existing research by analysing the genetic relations of contemporary jokes in a sample of Russian-language jokes about students collected from different sources (written, oral, Internet). Jokes about students are compared to jokes from other cycles and other genres with the help of statistical investigation. The types of genetic (and typological) relations between them are elucidated as well as the possible aspects of the origin of jokes.

As populações híbridas de pupunha (Bactris gasipaes Kunth) acumularam variabilidade genética provenientes de raças primitivas ao seu redor, o que deveria aumentar sua variabilidade. Para testar esta hipótese, avaliou-se a variabilidade genética de populações híbridas por meio de marcadores RAPD utilizando 176 plantas mantidas no Banco Ativo de Germoplasma do INPA, Manaus-AM, sendo quatro populações híbridas [Belém (n=26); Manaus (n=38); Iquitos, Peru (n=41); Yurimáguas, Peru (n=41)], duas populações silvestres (B. gasipaes variedade chichagui) tipos 1 (n=21) e 3 (n=7), e duas amostras de espécie afim, B. riparia, e compararam-se os parâmetros genéticos com estudos das raças primitivas. Oito iniciadores RAPD geraram 88 marcadores polimórficos e 11 monomórficos. O teste de replicabilidade apresentou uma similaridade de Dice 0,67, considerado aceitável. A heterozigosidade média das populações híbridas foi 0,34 e o polimorfismo foi 87,9%, maiores que nas silvestres (0,31; 74,7%). O dendrograma das similaridades de Dice não apresentou grupos que representassem claramente as populações híbridas. O fluxo gênico entre Iquitos e Yurimáguas (Nm=12,75) e entre Iquitos e Manaus (Nm=9,47) foi alto, enquanto o fluxo entre Belém e Manaus (Nm=7,72) foi menor que o esperado, possivelmente devido à influência da raça Solimões. O alto valor de heterozigosidade em Manaus (0,31) parece ser resultado da união de duas dispersões após a domesticação: a do oeste amazônico, com Iquitos e Yurimáguas, e a do leste amazônico, com Belém, que se juntam em Manaus. No entanto, essas populações não apresentaram acúmulo de variabilidade genética tão expressiva para diferenciá-las das raças primitivas. The hybrid populations of peach palm (Bactris gasipaes Kunth) have accumulated genetic variability from adjacent landraces, which is expected to increase their variability. To test this hypothesis, 176 plants maintained in the peach palm Germplasm Bank at INPA, including four hybrid populations [Belém (n=26); Manaus (n=38); Iquitos, Peru (n=41); Yurimáguas, Peru (n=41)], two wild populations (B. gasipaes variety chichagui) types 1 (n=21) and 3 (n=7), and two samples of a related species, B. riparia, were genotyped with RAPD markers and compared to adjacent landraces reported in other studies. Eight RAPD primers generated 88 polymorphic and 11 monomorphic markers. The replicability test presented a Dice similarity of 0.67, considered acceptable. The average heterozygosity of the hybrid populations was 0.34 and the polymorphism was 87.9%, greater than in the wild populations (0.31; 74.7%). The dendrogram of Dice similarities did not present groups that clearly correspond to the hybrid populations. The gene flow between Iquitos and Yurimáguas (Nm=12.75), and between Iquitos and Manaus (Nm=9.47) was high, while between Belém and Manaus it was lower than expected (Nm=7.72), probably due to the influence of the Solimões landrace near Manaus. The high value of heterozygosity in Manaus seems to be the result of the union of two dispersals after domestication: the western Amazonian dispersal, with Iquitos and Yurimáguas, and the eastern Amazonian, with Belém, joining in Manaus. However, these hybrid populations did not present an accumulation of genetic variability expressive enough to differentiate them from the landraces.

Els gens al expressar-se duen a terme les funcions de la cèl·lula. Així doncs modificant la seva expressió provoquen un canvi cel·lular que ens pot portar de l'estat sà o la patologia. Actualment hi ha bases de dades biomèdiques internacionals en les quals s'emmagatzema informació sobre si dos gens tenen cap tipus de relació. L'IBB, Centre d'Investigació de la UAB, té una línia de recerca per a l'anàlisi de matrius d'expressió gènica per Data Mining via web. Una d'aquestes eines web ens mostra les relacions d'expressió entre tots els gens d'una matriu d'expressió i també les relacions a partir de la informació de les bases de dades biomèdiques citades. No obstant, la cerca d'aquestes relacions té fortes limitacions, en part per la gran quantitat de dades que s'han de creuar i en part perquè no permet dirigir la cerca d'aquestes relacions als tòpics d'interès per l'investigador/a. Combinant l'ús de bases de dades locals amb part de la informació remota, crides selectives a les bases de dades biomèdiques remotes per obtenir informació respecte els tòpics d'interès de l'usuari, i taules auxiliars i fitxers temporals, aconseguim: Proporcionar unes relacions gèniques centrades amb els tòpics d'interès dels investigadors/res i poder treballar amb la gran quantitat de dades contingudes a les bases de dades biomèdiques que emmagatzemen tot el coneixement biomèdic de la humanitat. Com a resultat disposem d'una eina molt potent, amb una interfície millorada i adaptada a les noves prestacions, i molta més capacitat d'interacció de l'usuari, tant a l'hora d'escollir el tipus de relació gènica que vol cercar, el tòpic d'interès, i el domini de gens a relacionar, com a l'hora d'estudiar les relacions gèniques proporcionades per l'aplicació. Los genes al expresarse llevan a cabo las funciones de la célula. Así pues modificando su expresión provocan un cambio celular que nos puede llevar del estado sano o la patología. Actualmente hay bases de datos biomédicas internacionales en las que se almacena información sobre si dos genes tienen ningún tipo de relación. El IBB, Centro de Investigación de la UAB, tiene una línea de investigación para el análisis de matrices de expresión génica para Data Mining vía web. Una de estas herramientas web nos muestra las relaciones de expresión entre todos los genes de una matriz de expresión y también las relaciones a partir de la información de las bases de datos biomédicas citadas. No obstante, la búsqueda de estas relaciones tiene fuertes limitaciones, en parte por la gran cantidad de datos que se han de cruzar y en parte porque no permite dirigir la búsqueda de estas relaciones a los tópicos de interés para el investigador / a. Combinando el uso de bases de datos locales con parte de la información remota, llamadas selectivas a las bases de datos biomédicas remotas para obtener información respecto a los topics de interés del usuario, y mesas auxiliares y ficheros temporales, conseguimos: Proporcionar unas relaciones génicas centradas con los topics de interés de los investigadores / as y poder trabajar con la gran cantidad de datos contenidos en las bases de datos biomédicas que almacenan todo el conocimiento biomédico de la humanidad. Como resultado disponemos de una herramienta muy potente, con una interfaz mejorada y adaptada a las nuevas prestaciones, y mucha más capacidad de interacción del usuario, tanto a la hora de escoger el tipo de relación génica que quiere buscar, el topic de interés, y el dominio de genes a relacionar, como a la hora de estudiar las relaciones génicas proporcionadas por la aplicación. Genes to express themselves carry out the functions of the cell. So changing its expression causes cell changes that can lead to disease or healthy state. There are currently international biomedical databases where information is stored if two genes have any relationship. IBB, the UAB Research Centre, has a line of research for the analysis of gene expression arrays for Data Mining web. One of these web tools shows the expression relationship between a gene array expression and also relationships based on the information of biomedical databases previosly cited. However, finding these relationships has strong limitations in part by the large amount of data to be crossed, and partly because it allows direct search of these relationships to topics of interest to the researcher / a. Combining the use of local databases with information of remote calls selective biomedical databases to obtain information about the remote topics of interest to the er and tables and temporary files, manage: Provide gene relationships focused on topics of interest to researchers and to work with the large amount of data contained in the databases that store all biomedical biomedical knowledge of humanity. As a result we have a very powerful tool with an improved interface and adapted to the new features, and a lot more interaction from the user, both in choosing the type of relationship you want to search gene, the topic of interest and the domain of related genes, such as when to study genetic relationships provided by the application.

У статті йдеться про генетичний зв’язок роману Генріка Сенкевича «Quo vadis» та драматичної поеми Лесі Українки «Оргія», виявлений через мотив спрофанованої оргії. Імовірно, роман уславленого польського прозаїка-сучасника підказав українській письменниці парадоксальне вирішення конфлікту імперії та колонії, старого й нового світів: вона показує не торжество нової релігії з маргінесів й утвердження її в центрі імперського світу, як Сенкевич, а моральну перевагу загубленої культури Стародавньої Греції, в якій сакральна оргія символізувала гармонію людини зі світом, свято оновлення й відродження. Спрофанована Римом оргія символізує агресію імперської культури з вихолощенням духовного сенсу й розгулом плоті та домінуванням насильства. The article is about the genetic relations of the novel “Quo vadis” by Henrik Senkevych and the drama poem “Orgiya” by Lesya Ukrainka revealed through the motif of the profaned orgy. The novel of the celebrated Polish contemporary prosaist is likely to have prompted Ukrainian writer a paradoxical resolution of the conflict between an empire and a colony, an old world and a new world: she doesn’t show the triumph of the new religion from the outskirts and its consolidation in the centre of the imperial world like Senkevych, but she shows moral superiority of the lost culture of ancient Greece, where sacral orgy symbolizes harmony between human and world, feast of renovation and renascence. The orgy profaned by Rome symbolizes an aggression of the imperial culture with making the spiritual sense vapid and flesh revelry and dominance of violence.

Peach palm is a native Amazonian fruit species with broad genetic diversity in its wild and domesticated populations. This study completed the molecular characterization and genetic analysis of the accessions in the Peach Palm genebank, Brazil, using RAPD markers. Eight primers generated 132 markers, of which 128 were polymorphic. Average heterozigosity was 0.35, with 95.5% polymorphism. The genetic variability within the landraces (H S) was 0.32, while genetic divergence (G ST) was 0.09 among the four well-represented landraces. The average gene flow was 5.0, with high gene flow between the Solimões and Pampa Hermosa (Nm=10.07), and between the Putumayo and Solimões (Nm=10.73) landraces, all western landraces. The dendrograms of the Nei's and Rogers' genetic distances of the well-represented landraces presented similar groupings to previous analyses, with the Solimões, Putumayo and Pampa Hermosa landraces grouped together in western Amazonia, and distant from the Pará landrace in central and eastern Amazonia. A pupunheira é uma fruteira nativa da Amazônia com ampla diversidade genética em suas populações silvestres e domesticadas. Este estudo finalizou a caracterização e análise genética dos acessos do germoplasma, usando marcadores moleculares RAPDs. Oito iniciadores geraram 132 marcadores, com 128 polimórficos. A heterozigosidade média foi 0.35 com 95.5% de polimorfismo, similares a outros estudos. A variabilidade dentro (Hs) das raças bem representadas foi 0,32, enquanto a divergência genética (G ST) foi 0,09 entre as quatro raças bem representadas. O fluxo gênico médio foi 5,0, com alto fluxo gênico entre as raças Solimões e Pampa Hermosa (Nm=10,07), e as raças Putumayo e Solimões (Nm=10,73), sendo todas ocidentais. Os dendrogramas das distâncias de Nei e Rogers mostraram que raças bem representadas apresentaram grupos similares às análises anteriores, com as raças Solimões, Putumayo e Pampa Hermosa agrupadas no oeste da Amazônia, e distantes da raça Pará no centro e leste da Amazônia.

Peach palm is a native Amazonian fruit species with broad genetic diversity in its wild and domesticated populations. This study completed the molecular characterization and genetic analysis of the accessions in the Peach Palm genebank, Brazil, using RAPD markers. Eight primers generated 132 markers, of which 128 were polymorphic. Average heterozigosity was 0.35, with 95.5% polymorphism. The genetic variability within the landraces (H S) was 0.32, while genetic divergence (G ST) was 0.09 among the four well-represented landraces. The average gene flow was 5.0, with high gene flow between the Solimões and Pampa Hermosa (Nm=10.07), and between the Putumayo and Solimões (Nm=10.73) landraces, all western landraces. The dendrograms of the Nei's and Rogers' genetic distances of the well-represented landraces presented similar groupings to previous analyses, with the Solimões, Putumayo and Pampa Hermosa landraces grouped together in western Amazonia, and distant from the Pará landrace in central and eastern Amazonia.

Neste artigo, desenvolve-se, com ênfase em aspectos morfossintáticos, uma análise contrastiva de dados lingüísticos do Araweté e de línguas representativas de quatro subconjuntos orientais da família lingüística Tupí-Guaraní (subconjuntos IV, V, VI e VIII), cujos resultados apontam para uma maior proximidade genética do Araweté com as línguas do subconjunto V, como havia sido proposto por Rodrigues (1985), quando dados dessa língua ainda eram bastante limitados. O estudo fornece também indicações de estágios anteriores, a partir dos quais o Araweté teria se diferenciado das demais línguas do seu subconjunto.PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Morfossintaxe. Relações genéticas. Diversificação lingüística. Modelo arbóreo. Família Lingüística Tupí-Guaraní.ABSTRACTThis paper deals with contrastive analysis with emphasis on morphosyntactic aspects of Araweté and other representative languages of four eastern sub-sets of the Tupí-Guaraní family (sub-sets IV, V, VI and VIII). The results showed a great degree of genetic proximity of the Araweté language to languages of sub-set V, as proposed by Rodrigues (1985), when Araweté was still scarcely known. The study also offers indications of previous stages of the Araweté language history, from which it would have differentiated from the other languages of sub-set V. KEYWORDS: Morphosyntax. Genetic relations. Family tree model. Tupí-Guaraní linguistic family., This paper deals with contrastive analysis with emphasis on morphosyntactic aspects of Araweté and other representative languages of four eastern sub-sets of the Tupí-Guaraní family (sub-sets IV, V, VI and VIII). The results showed a great degree of genetic proximity of the Araweté language to languages of sub-set V, as proposed by Rodrigues (1985), when Araweté was still scarcely known. The study also offers indications of previous stages of the Araweté language history, from which it would have differentiated from the other languages of sub-set V. KEYWORDS: Morphosyntax. Genetic relations. Family tree model. Tupí-Guaraní linguistic family.