Search

This article examines inclusive writing in the university discourse of France and Italy from a comparative perspective. The research aims to analyze the use of gender-specific and gender-neutral forms in higher education institutions in Paris (Sorbonne University and Paris Catholic Institute) and at the University of the Aosta Valley in Italy (a private university located in a region where French is the second official language). The study is based on a corpus of archival texts and documents, selected through continuous sampling from electronic versions on archive.org between 2020 and 2023. The authors draw conclusions about the specificity and frequency of inclusive writing in these institutions. The findings indicate that, in France, despite the country’s language policy efforts to ban inclusive spelling at the official level, public universities actively use it, in contrast to private institutions, where gender-specific forms are primarily found in job vacancy sections. The authors conclude that the choice of using gender-specific or gender-neutral forms is often left to the discretion of the individual or institution. The study also explores the most common methods of expressing gender specification, including the duplication of feminine and masculine forms, the use of feminine endings/suffixes in brackets or separated by a hyphen, and the marking of positions/professions with “(M/F)” after the masculine form. The potential implications of these practices are analyzed. In Italy, the study reveals a strong connection between French and Italian university cultures but finds no evidence of inclusive writing within the Italian university discourse. Despite the active development of gender equality programs at the state level, there remains an uneven tendency toward gender specification in Italy. The authors conclude that the methods of expressing gender specification play a significant role in shaping the university discourse in both France and Italy. They also note the complete absence of gender-neutral language or any moves beyond the gender binary in the universities studied.

Gender aspects have been attracting linguistic attention for quite a while now, raising discussions about the so-called male and female languages. However, the effect of gender on translation remains understudied. This research featured expressive vocabulary in Jerome Salinger’s The Catcher in the Rye and its Russian translations performed by Rita Rait-Kovaleva (1960) and Maxim Nemtsov (2008). The objective was to determine the effect of gender on translation. The authors believe that the translator’s gender may affect literary images and modify the author’s message. They conducted a comparative analysis of the way translators of different genders transferred stylistically-marked and emotional vocabulary, colloquialisms, slang, and jargon into Russian. The standard methods of analysis, synthesis, comparison, generalization, systematization, and description revealed some differences in the translation styles, the image of the main character, translation pragmatics, and Salinger’s rather remarkable style. Rita Rait-Kovaleva seemed to soften some harsh statements, neutralize emotional aspects, and avoid colloquial vocabulary by using equivalents, which did not quite fall into the stylistic framework. Her Holden Caulfield turned out to more educated, intelligent, confident, emotional, and gentle. Maxim Nemtsov adhered to a single strategy: he did his best not to deviate from the original. In his attempt to preserve colloquialisms and substandard vocabulary, he often gave neutral words stylistic markers, emotional coloring, or a negative connotation. However, he managed to maintain the original syntax.

Статья анализирует эволюцию термина «гендер» в англо- и русскоязычных культурных контекстах. В англоязычном дискурсе понятие гендера начало развиваться в 1970-х годах, тогда как последующие работы психологов, философов и гендерологов способствовали его переосмыслению как многослойного и небинарного концепта. В русскоязычном научном дискурсе термин «гендер» появился в конце XX века и до сих пор зачастую трактуется через призму бинарности и ассоциируется с понятием социального пола. Делается вывод о многогранности концепта «гендер» и сложности его интерпретации. Статья подчеркивает необходимость междисциплинарных и межкультурных исследований для систематизации подходов к пониманию гендера и разработки унифицированной терминологии.

В статье представлен сравнительный анализ репрезентации когнитивного сценария «грусть» в русской и английской лингвокультурах в диахроническом аспекте на материале текстов художественной литературы XIX и XXI вв. Смоделированы когнитивные сценарии «женщина, испытывающая грусть» и «мужчина, испытывающий грусть». Определены основные и вариативные эпизоды, составляющие данные сценарии. Выявлены ведущие языковые средства-репрезентанты выделенных эпизодов в рамках сценариев. Описаны сходства и различия в объективации указанных сценариев с позиций гендера. Установлено, что женщины более склонны к внешним невербальным проявлениям грусти, в то время как мужчины предпочитают внутреннее проживание эмоций, либо прямой разговор (более характерно для английской лингвокультуры).

Introduction. The article deals with phraseological means of modeling gender stereotypes that reflect certain femininity- and masculinity-related peculiarities observed in the Turkic languages. Gender stereotypes are a key category of contemporary gender linguistics. The typological study of gender stereotype modeling phraseological tools across a number of Turkic languages makes it possible to outline some linguistic and cultural features inherent to the phraseological representation of femininity and masculinity in Kazakh, Tatar, Bashkir, Uzbek, and Kyrgyz. Goals. The work seeks to describe linguistic and cultural features of phraseological gender stereotype modeling in the Turkic languages. Materials. The paper focuses on phraseological units contained in various dictionaries of the examined Turkic languages, in particular, phraseological, explanatory and bilingual ones. Results. The study yields a number of key theses as follows: 1) phraseological units serve as linguistic and cultural means of modeling gender stereotypes in the Turkic languages; 2) linguoculturological features of femininity and masculinity are represented in the investigated Turkic languages by various models of phraseological units containing characteristic components of cultural codes; 3) certain Turkic languages have a number of typological similarities and differences in the formation and representation of gender stereotypes, irrespective of actual genealogical connections between corresponding languages; 4) the study of phraseological gender stereotype modeling shall contribute to further development of gender studies and provide deeper insights into the phenomenon of gender in the Turkic worldview. Conclusions. The analysis of phraseological material shows the Turkic languages are distinguished by various ways of gender stereotype modeling, reveals some linguoculturological features of representing femininity and masculinity in genetically related languages characterized by certain similarities and differences in the formation of such stereotypes, contributes to the identification of priority components of linguoculturological codes that shape the peculiarities of gender stereotypes in Turkic languages. A significant part of phraseological units express gender stereotypes through the following components of cultural codes — astronomical, zoomorphic, somatic, vestimentary, gastronomic, color and physical ones — that are characteristic of each language and gender separately.

With the multiplication of queer identity categories and the lack of knowledge transfer in queer communities, 'female masculinity as a culture' seems to die out (Halberstam, 1998, p. 269). While comics by Alison Bechdel and Diane DiMassa highlight the word dyke, it has barely been investigated academically (Jones 2012). To fill this research dearth, we adopted an interdisciplinary mixed-method approach consisting of a qualitative literary analysis and a quantitative linguistic analysis. Text-specific findings from the literary analysis were then investigated linguistically by focusing on 692 occurrences of the word dyke in the Corpus of Contemporary American English (henceforth COCA, Davies, 2008–present). We focused on the following research questions: which characteristics of the word dyke emerge in a literary analysis of comics by queer authors? And: does the corpus-linguistic analysis confirm these characteristics? The literary analysis revealed that dykes often position themselves in-between, neither identifying as femme or butch, incorporating an ambiguous gender performance. The extended lens of the COCA showed that widespread, influential media outlets promote a derogatory use of the word dyke. Contrary to our hopes, we could not show an improvement concerning the response towards female masculinity and gender ambiguity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

On the basis of following the achievements of such sciences as cognitology, psycholinguistics, sociolinguistics aimed at studying human existence, the direction of gender linguistics has been developing at a special pace in Kazakh linguistics over the past 20 years. Gender factors in language served as the basis for determining the relationship between a person and linguistic existence using the methodology of these sciences. Including the study of the intellectual conceptual sphere of a person from the point of view of gender characteristics - will certainly contribute to the methodological sphere of Kazakh gender linguistics. The purpose of this study is to define the Turkic intellectual conceptosphere in terms of gender characteristics of men and women based on the concept of "mind". The article examines the gender features of the concept of "mind" in the Turkic languages on the basis of proverbs and phraseological units. Proverbs and phraseological units reflecting gender semantics are taken as the object of research, and their cognitive models of gender character are determined. In the course of the study, in addition to general scientific and theoretical methods (such as description, interpretation, systematization, comparison), special methods such as generalization and sorting of research materials, semantic classification and grouping, statistical analysis, component analysis of meaning, cognitive modeling, and the method of opposition were used. The studied concept of "mind" is undoubtedly an urgent problem, which is considered comprehensively from the point of view of cognitive analysis, intellectual conceptosphere, gender linguistics and Turkic linguistics. The characterization of the concept "mind", which is the nuclear part of the Turkic intellectual conceptosphere, from the point of view of gender factors emphasizes the relevance of the study. As a result of the study, it was found that the concept of "mind" as a semantic macropole distinguishes semantic cluster micro-supports in its composition and, as a linguocultural and cognitive category, in the process of including gender factors, turns out to be among the categories of gender linguistics. In the conclusion of the analysis, it is formulated that the identified cognitive models of the concept of "mind" determine the features of gender existence in the Turkic linguoculture of this concept. Such studies are important for the further study and development of the gender and intellectual conceptual sphere of the Turkic languages and are necessary for the scientific study of the conceptual sphere of the Turkic languages from the point of view of the national code, ethnic character, linguistic cognition of our cultural and social identity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim. This article is aimed at the study of different aspects of gender linguistics in the English language, namely, the grammatical category of gender, gender vocabulary and phraseology, male and female differences in using language, the problem of gender neutrality teaching in English. Methods. The article is based on the study and review of research works in the fields of cultural studies, linguistics, and sociology. The paper summarises the current state of understanding on the topic and makes contribution to the field. Results. In this paper the grammatical gender of English is studied, examples of lexical units, phraseology, proverbs, and sayings are given, and differences in speech between men and women are described, forms of gender-neutral English are presented. The results of research clearly show that in the past English used not to be a gender-neutral language. Nowadays, we can observe that changes in cultural views influenced by feminism in the English-speaking countries have led to changes in the language itself. Conclusions. English has become one of the first languages in the world in which gender neutrality has become predominant. We think since gender-neutrality is highly valued in the English-speaking society, it must be taught to learners of English in different countries since the primary aim of learning a foreign language is communication which always includes a cultural component. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper focuses on the language of female characters in the top thirty box office films with a leading female character (1999-2023). The research applies the narrative analysis to the turns of heroines to account for their archetypal representation. The paper proposes a view on female archetypal characters popular with large audiences around the globe and presents a typology of widely recognizable female narratives. The received framework reflects the contemporary vision of the female image and role in society. The study employs Jung's idea of the archetype as a repetitive image of the collective unconscious. Each archetype is governed by several constant motivations and needs, defining the characters' (verbal) behavior. Maslow's hierarchy of human needs serves as the basis for the delineation of archetypes. The moral valence of each character depends upon the satisfaction of her aspirations. Recognized and met wants predetermine the protagonist/heroic archetypes, while thwarted needs bring about antagonist/villainous archetypes. The research is based on Schmidt's typology of forty-five master characters. Among the overwhelming majority of traditional images of the Nurturer and Matriarch archetypes, there appear the representatives of the Female Messiah, Father's Daughter, and Amazon, respectively, pursuing the goals of improving society and finding self-identity and independence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article is devoted to the problem of studying the translation of feminitives from English into Russian. The article analyzes the backgrounds for the formation of gender linguistics and the development of this trend in the Western countries as well as in Russia. The authors consider the concept of “gender” being a key element in gender linguistics. Having presented the characteristics of the ways of forming feminitives in the English language, the authors consider the methods of their translation on the example of the titles of English-language articles and their translations into Russian. Materials and methods. The material for the study was the headings of English-language articles and their translation into Russian. The sampling method and the comparative method were used when analyzing the material. Results. Based on the analysis of examples of gender-marked vocabulary in the headings of English-language articles, it was revealed that when translated into Russian, gender-marked vocabulary or feminitives are mainly preserved. Practical implications. The results obtained can be used in teaching students to translate and interpret from English into Russian.

Societies that need to deal with diversity also need to deal with the ways in which their members use texts, conventions for different text types and, consequently, with the production of texts itself. As societies change and become more diverse, texts will have to reflect this change eventually. Yet, how exactly does this social diversity affect our minds? How does the awareness of diversity influence our texts and their production? In this article, I will examine - primarily on the basis of general observations in the press and the media - the current developments in changes in German society. I will discuss social diversity and illustrate the different ways in which these factors influence speakers of German when they produce texts. By using examples from three categories of texts - oral texts, forms of address, job advertisements - I will show changes in text types and their conventions. The result of this study will be that a mix of different denominations or labels can increase the number of people reached, that language can perform substantially more functions and be substantially less discriminatory than is usually assumed, and that at the end of the day, generic masculine forms almost always address male persons exclusively. We will see that text types and their conventions are subject to change, and that this change is still evolving. Where this evolution of text types and their conventions will lead, remains to be seen. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article considers linguistic means and ways of implementing the kyz concept on materials in the Turkic languages. The lexical units included in the semantic field kyz of the studied languages ​​are analyzed. The article aims to describe the proverbs of the Turkic languages ​​that represent the kyz concept to identify the national specifics of the linguistic objectification of this concept in the Turkic linguistic consciousness. Based on the review of domestic and foreign literature on this topic, the article substantiates the special status of the cognitive model used in Turkic languages that acquire a cognitive orientation. The concept under study is considered in various aspects, including the linguistic means of expressing this concept and the social status of the girl is described from the perspective of gender studies. Linguocultural analysis of the kyz concept is carried out based on the following parameters: (1) an infant or a child, (2) a girl, and (3) a bride.

AbstractPeople employ several linguistic strategies to make progress in their lives. In a society such as Iran where there is an imbalanced distribution of power, available means of power for people are limited to linguistic tools only, meanwhile due to their special social and cultural conditions as well as small amount of properties, specific social groups such as women resort to different linguistic mechanisms and strategies to change the power balance in their favor where their contribution to the authority is otherwise negligible.This is why the world of women is defined by language. This paper aims at examining the linguistic actions of women in the context of daily life to understand the spirit of their language as well as their verbal strategies. The study has used the qualitative method and a combination of focus group interviews, lived experiences, and texts like blogs and novels as supplementary reference to find out the strategies of women's language use to exercise power and resistance against inequalities in order to meet the most amounts of benefits in the social fields. As such, it has attempted to answer the main question of the article: What strategies do women of Tehran use in their daily lives to exercise power and protect women against inequality in order to achieve maximum benefits?.

The research aims to identify the gender differences in expressing disagreement in oral academic discourse. Examples containing explicit and implicit ways of expressing disagreement are collected through reading a corpus of texts chosen from the Michigan Corpus of Academic Spoken English (MICASE), including speech genres of seminar, discussion, defense of the dissertation and colloquium. Our study confirmed previous observations that utterances of explicit unmitigated disagreement or criticism are generally not typical of the American academic environment. The research findings reveal that both men and women tend to express disagreement explicitly using basic mitigation strategies. Unmitigated utterances with straightforward disagreement are infrequent and used mainly by teachers, which is most likely due to the other sociolinguistic variables apart from gender, and in particular by the status of speakers in teacher-student situations. Contrary to previous claims, men prefer the tactics of down-toning, represented by language patterns with the meaning of problematic certainty and subjectivity, as well as the use of lexical hedges. Female teachers recurrently use particular ways of implementing the tactics of mitigating implicit expression of disagreement, which may be specific of their individual styles. The research confirms that the distribution of particular language patterns across speakers should be taken into account when studying the gender aspects of communication.

The article is devoted to the professional translingual personality of Dr. of Philology, Professor Z.K. Temirgazina who is a creative and ever-developing professional linguist and researcher. A short survey of her scientific research activities, the review of her main works, to speak about finally - the research school of linguistics help give evidence of her truly active and multidimensional work in the direction from monolingualism towards real translingualism which are both revealed in theoretical and applied planes. Its obvious that in the professional sphere a linguist being a translingual scholar is able to understand better and deeper his own creative translingual self and entity, choosing as an object of the studies various languages involving in his professional competence. Simultaneously the article observes the innovative theoretical contribution of Prof. Z.K. Temirgazina to the studies of evaluation as a linguistic category as well as the studies in semantic syntax, the theory of speech activity, and linguistic gender studies. To sum up, there is surveyed the leading role of Prof. Z.K. Temirgazina to create the Kazakhstan linguo-axiological research school carried out during the latest two decades. Together with theoretical developments, the scholar pays much attention to the applied linguistic tasks, in particular, it concerns implementation and adaptation of polylingual; education at Kazakhstan secondary schools, and development of grammar literacy of schoolchildren by means of the Russian language.

Введение. Выявлены представления о мужчине в женском диалектном дискурсе. Материал и методы. Источником исследования послужили женские автобиографические рассказы, собранные автором в диалектологических экспедициях в 2016–2019 гг.; тексты Томского диалектного корпуса, включающего материалы экспедиций, организуемых сотрудниками Томского государственного университета с 1946 г. по наши дни в районы распространения говоров Среднего Приобья. Работа выполнена в рамках когнитивно-дискурсивного направления гендерной лингвистики. Результаты и обсуждение. Базой для выявления гендерных представлений и стереотипов является наличие лингвистических оппозиции «мужественность – женственность», в рамках которых противопоставляются личные качества мужчин и женщин и особенности их поведения. Определено, что мужчина по сравнению с женщиной менее бережлив, более склонен к пьянству. Противопоставление женщин и мужчин происходит на основе разделения трудовых обязанностей. Важным параметром для вербализации гендерных представлений является статус в браке. На уровне языка это находит отражение в частотном употреблении лексической единицы муж, в наличии значительного числа синонимов к данной единице. Как правило, рассуждения женщин о себе и своей жизни сопровождаются оценкой супруга и жизни с ним в браке. Наиболее ярко представления о мужчине фиксируются при характеристике его личных качеств. Женщины чаще всего оценивают мужчину исходя из его работоспособности, трудолюбия, хозяйственности, социальных достижений. При характеристике мужа важным оказывается его отношение к жене, наличие любви между супругами. Пьянство и агрессивность мужчины осуждаются. Негативно оценивается проявление мужчиной типично женских качеств: болтливости, склочности и скандальности. Заключение. На содержание женских представлений о мужчине оказывают влияние особенности сельского существования, основу которого составляет труд, наличие патриархальных гендерных стереотипов, социально-исторические события и процессы. Выявленные гендерные представления обладают дискурсивной спецификой, обусловленной гендерной идентичностью говорящего.

The historical evolution of languages has been more than once influenced by the sheer influence of scholars who re-channeled some linguistic phenomena or simply consecrated aspects of colloquial usage. This happened in the history of Romanian language when the Latinist scholars cleansed the lexicon and parts of morphology of various non-Latin borrowings and derivations whereas they revived or inserted Latin formations. Taking account of this, it would be hard to justify the rejection of many feminized denominations of professions used already by people in everyday conversations. With the advance of technology and with the support of the third wave of feminism women are able nowadays to embrace whatever professional field they may want. On the other hand, there are numerous international conventions that acknowledge the role played by women in the setting up of the postindustrial society. That is why my article is a plea in favor of a linguistic updating, namely the acceptance into the literary language of feminized denominations of professions.

Copyright of Linguistica Copernicana is the property of Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

We present a novel quantitative approach for classification of authors' stylistics and gender differences based on extraction of word collocation. The proposed algorithm attenuates previously described issues of text processing using the vector models. We demonstrate the approach by analyzing a corpus of Russian prose. We discuss different approaches for classification and identification of the author's style implemented by currently-available software solutions and libraries of morphological analysis, methods of parameterization, indexing of texts, artificial intelligence algorithms and knowledge extraction. Our results demonstrate the efficiency and relative advantage of regression decision tree methods in identifying informative frequency indexes in a way that lends itself to their logical interpretation. We develop a toolkit for conducting comparative experiments to assess the effectiveness of classification of natural language text data, using vector, set-theoretic and the author's set-theoretic with collocation extraction models of text representation. Comparing the ability of different methods to identify the style and gender differences of authors of fiction works, we find that the proposed approach incorporating collocation information alleviates some of the previously identified deficiencies and yields overall improvements in the classification accuracy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the relation between lexicography and ideology. It proves that the monolingual Polish language dictionaries are designed according to the ideology of gender and that gender stereotypes can take different forms in dictionaries. The dictionaries not only reflect, but also preserve social and cultural values and rules. The analysis leads to the question, how should the ideology of gender be presented in the future, in order to avoid stereotyping?

The present study is an investigation in sociolinguistics, aimed to study linguistic differences in certainty in the speech of Kalhori Kurdish (one of the basic west-south speeches, common in west of Iran) speakers. One of the related outstanding approaches in gender linguistics, is Lakoff’s Dominance Approach (1975, 2004), in which 9 linguistic features are introduced to entitle women’s speech as “powerless speech”. Lakoff believes that it occurs because of some social inequalities. According to her, the speech and writing of women and men seem to be different in using rising intonation in declarative sentences, exact color terms, empty adjectives, hyperpolite forms, weak qualifiers, fillers, indirect requests, tag questions and emphatic stress. The present study tries to show if the mentioned approach can be confirmed in Kurdish community or not. For this purpose, based on field research and using questionnaire, 8 different social groups, including thirty two women and thirty two men were interviewed in two different age and educational groups. The findings of this investigation shows that women are more likely than men to use the linguistic variables of powerless speech. Therefore, the Dominance Approach was confirmed in this study.

The Gendersternchen (*), German for Gender Star or Gender Asterisk, is one of the means available in the Germans language for referring to non-heteronormative persons. The aim of the present article is to analyse this discourse, i.e. the topoi and the arguments employed in the German-language newspaper articles addressing the Gender Star. In total, four sub-topics were delimited in order to be further analysed: the fact that it was voted Anglicism of the year 2018; talks of Council for German Orthography dealing with the codification of the term; general texts dealing with the gender-fair language; and introduction of a gender-fair language of Hannover local authorities. The conclusions of the discourse analysis can be relevant for a further comparative study of Slavonic languages, e.g. Czech, Slovene, where the asterisk sign and other means of highlighting non-heteronormative persons also begin to appear.

The paper contrasts Jan Baudouin de Courtenay's approach to language with Neogrammarian views on the one hand, and Ferdinand de Saussure's approach on the other. Similarly to the Swiss linguist, de Courtenay understood language as a system, but his views on the langue-parole and synchrony- diachrony relationships were more complex. He can also be considered a precursor of sociolinguistics, psycholinguistics, ethnolinguistics, and even gender linguistics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article is devoted to studying the impact of gender on speech behavior in mass media discourse. Gender peculiarities of English news text-formation are examined through coordination of various language means that belong to different levels of the language system with predetermined socio-cultural factors and psychological peculiarities attributed to man as a representative of masculine subculture, a communicative leader, characterized by autonomous thinking, logic, rationality, objectivity, lingua-creativity, reduced emotionality, and woman as a representative of feminine subculture, characterized by a greater degree of emotionality, empathy, cooperativeness. A number of gender parameters is listed, including content and structural features, specification / generalization of information, stylistically neutral / marked vocabulary etc. These parameters are being viewed as related with the categories of informativeness and expressiveness. It is determined that the features of the news text on the structural level manifest themselves in the selection of aspects of the events described, the organization of informative blocks. On the stylistic level gender specificity is expressed by linguistic realization of emotionality, evaluation, imagery. Gender parameters of the news text determine masculine and feminine styles of news text-formation and are included in the developed matrix of gender identification of the author of the news text. The psycholinguistic experiment allowed to verify the validity of gender parameters of the news text and to establish that the degree of sensitivity to its gender characteristics is determined by socio-cultural differences of native and non-native speakers of English.

The purpose of this research is to show the influence of the translator on the literary text during the process of interpreting the original text into the target language. The article briefly summarizes the latest theory in the linguistic area: performative theory of gender. Through analyzing the men and women’s speech classification the article gives an account of the language personalities of the translators, who interpreted the literary works of the Russian author Anton Chekhov. This research provides valuable information about different gender models, which translators can perform due to the leading tendencies, altering in modern culture and society.

The article elucidates the problem of gender linguistics. The focus is on the feminine linguistics, one of women’s speech styles, so called speech variety – ‘style of the bitch’. The author specifies strategies and tactics of the actualized speech style which are expressed through modelling the speech genre of the praise, speech pattern of the coquette, tactics of the Ego and Alter Ego dialogue, types of verbal play etc. Besides, the semantic structure of the lexeme bitch is outlined to prove that its polysemy reflects enantiosemy and represents intraverbal evaluative antonymy and different stylistic signs resulting from different male and female perception of the world and different types of gender lingual consciousness.

This article examines the relationship between language and gender from an intercultural perspective. The complexity, dynamics and the actuality of this connection are shown on the basis of three different topics. In this context, blind spots in research and the influence of the researcher's position will also be pointed out. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Slavistična Revija is the property of Slavisticno Drustvo Slovenije and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Suvremena Lingvistika is the property of Suvremena Lingvistika and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper focuses on the interrogative pronoun kto ‘who’ in Russian and aims at opening up a gender linguistics perspective on the paradox that one can postulate, on the one hand, that this pronoun has an explicit masculine gender assignment, while on the other hand Russian grammars characterise kto as having neither a grammatical gender nor sex. These systemic demands imposed by the language entail a discrepancy, particularly a logical one. Moreover, they embody the general androcentric worldview. Considering, inter alia, common-gender and hybrid nouns, this article will point out certain existing grammatical incongruences that have been established as correct, whereas similar grammatical incongruences in interrogative sentences with kto as the head are considered wrong. Some selected authentic material supports the conviction that a feminine context can be made apparent even when kto is used as the subject. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Coaching - Theorie & Praxis is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The paper presents a part of the Vienna's Gender Mainstreaming project – the campaign called 'Vienna Sees It Differently', the reactions and opinions of German and Czech native speakers to this problem. The purpose of the campaign is to introduce fixed visual habits in a new light. The roles of men and women connected with the well known pictograms in Vienna's buses, trams and underground will be changed. The campaign should compel people to thing and speak about the problems. During spring and summer 2014 there was an interview given by 200 German and 200 Czech native speakers. The results how do they perceive the gender changed pictures and what do they think about it will be also presented in this paper.