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En el Océano Pacífico Oriental (OPO) se ha descrito la presencia del angelote chileno Squatina armata, una especie altamente comercializada y consumida en el Perú. A pesar de ello, se conoce poco sobre la biología de la especie y en la actualidad se encuentra en estado de Peligro Crítico según la Unión Internacional para la Conservación de la Naturaleza (IUCN por sus siglas en inglés). El objetivo de este estudio fue realizar una guía de estadios reproductivos de S. armata. Se colectaron 78 (hembras = 45, machos = 33) ejemplares desembarcados en el puerto de San José, Lambayeque. Se extrajeron los sistemas reproductivos completos para posteriormente determinar el estadio correspondiente, de acuerdo a los propuestos por Osaer et al., (2015) con el tiburón ángel Squatina squatina. Asimismo, se realizó el registro fotográfico, donde se obtuvieron tres de cinco estadios reproductivos femeninos y masculinos. Esta investigación es uno de los primeros estudios de biología reproductiva de elasmobranquios en el Perú y la primera guía de estadios reproductivos de S. armata en el Océano Pacífico Oriental (OPO). Estos resultados aportarán al conocimiento científico de esta importante pero vulnerable especie para la región. Asimismo, sentará bases para futuras investigaciones de biología reproductiva de tiburones en el Perú y contribuirá a su conservación.

The sexual maturity of Oreochromis aureus was investigated and the elaboration of a protocol for use in rural aquaculture in the La Balsa Module in San Ignacio, Cajamarca-Peru. The evaluation of the sexual maturity of the tilapias was carried out in March and April 2022, considering the external and internal phenotypic characteristics of the gonads, the presence of eggs and larvae by mouthbrooding of the breeders, the IGS and the phases of sexual maturity. The maturity protocol was developed with the sexual characteristics and sequence of activities to be used in rural aquaculture. Differences were obtained in terms of males and females in color, shape and sex. In the stock of tilapia available in La Balsa, sizes of 21-30 cm and weights of 222-435 g were for males and 22,5-34,0 cm with weights of 250-674 g in females considered as spawners. partial from 1,0 to 2,5 years. It is concluded that the IGS fluctuated between 0,09 and 3,52% with a predominance of phase IV of sexual maturity, which was 43,75% in March and 62,5% in April. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The Pácora (Plagioscion magdalenae) is a species native to Colombia and in near-threatened category at the country level, of which little is known about the structures with ethological contribution in its life history. Objective: To analyze the gonadal development related to spermatogenesis of P. magdalenae and the taxonomic implications from the swim bladder. Methods: We collected seven samples in two climatic periods: the first from October 2019 to February 2020 of bimonthly collections, and the second from October 2020 to January 2021 of monthly collections; to cover every moment of the flood pulse of the lower Magdalena basin. We described the testicular histomorphology and macroscopic characteristics of the swim bladder of the species. In addition, we analyzed aspects such as morphometric relationships, size classes by sex, sex ratio and time of sexual maturity. Results: We analyzed 142 specimens and established 4 size intervals (between 145 and 575 mm SL), 66 were males and 73 females with an overall sex ratio of 1.1:0.9 (female-male) with no differences. Males have tubular testes protected by the peritoneum covered by the sonic musculature of the swim bladder, which has a "carrot" shape without appendages, with two lateral bands of intrinsic muscles (average between 6.75 cm long and 1.48 cm wide) connected by an aponeurosis and found only in sexually mature males. Conclusion: The testes have an unrestricted lobular organization and spermatogenesis occurs in the seminiferous lobes. The swim bladder of the Pácora is simple and has no accessory structures. The geographic distribution of P. magdalenae is restricted to the Magdalena River basin in Colombia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

El objetivo del presente estudio fue evaluar las características testiculares de machos ovinos púberes que consumen hojas frescas de L. leucocephala. Se utilizaron 20 machos ovinos criollos de 5 meses de edad con peso promedio de 24.4 ± 3.21 kg, alojados en corraletas individuales con bebedero y comedero. El experimento duró 120 d. En los que 10 machos fueron alimentados con una dieta 0 % Leucaena (control) y otros 10 machos fueron alimentados incluyendo 25 % de L. leucocephala fresca (Leucaena). Se determinó el consumo real de Leucaena por diferencia entre la cantidad que se ofreció y la cantidad que se rechazó. Para la determinación en sangre de testosterona y mimosina se empleó un kit de ELISA y HPLC respectivamente. Se tomaron medidas de circunferencia escrotal y se estimó el volumen testicular. Se realizó un estudio histológico; para determinar la integridad del parénquima testicular. Las medidas testiculares fueron similares en ambos tratamientos. Un 40 % de los machos consumiendo L. leucocephala presentó edema intersticial y atrofia tubular en el parénquima testicular de ovinos púberes. La circunferencia escrotal y volumen testicular no se vieron afectados, sin embargo, se encontró edema y atrofia de los túbulos seminíferos en los animales que consumieron Leucaena leucocephala.

Sphaerodactylus elegans elegans is a small native gecko that is usually found in human constructions throughout the Cuban archipelago. Like most members of the genus, the studies referred to about its reproductive biology are very scarce. In this work, the morphological and histological characteristics of the female and the male gonads of this species were described. A total of ten specimens were collected in three locations (Havana, Artemisa and Pinar del Rio) in western Cuba. The collection periods were divided into the dry season and the rainy season in order to cover an entire reproductive cycle. The gonads were removed and fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde for microscopy studies. The minimum reproductive size recorded in females was 3,2 mm snout -vent length (SVL) and in males 2,8 mm. According to the month studied, a variable number of spermatogonia, spermatocytes, spermatids and spermatozoa were observed in the seminiferous tubules, which were organized radially. The pre vitellogenic follicles had a layer of follicular cells stratified, which flattens with the advance of vitellogenesis, and inside, vitellogenic follicles a high concentration of yolk platelets was observed. The results obtained propose that this species has a reproductive cycle, where the maximum reproductive activity occurs during the months of february and september. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The leaves of the tropical tree Leucaena leucocephala are often used as a livestock feed input. However, they contain mimosine, an antinutritional factor that can negatively affect animal physical parameters. An evaluation was done of testicular characteristics in pubescent ram that had consumed fresh L. leucocephala leaves. Experimental animals were 20, 5-month-old male Creole ram (average weight = 24.4 ± 3.21 kg) housed in individual pens. During the 120 d experimental period 10 males were fed a 0 % Leucaena diet (control) and another 10 were fed a diet including 25 % fresh L. leucocephala (Leucaena). Real leucocephala intake was determined by the difference between the quantity that was offered, and the quantity was rejected. For the determination of testosterone and mimosine in blood, an ELISA kit and HPLC were used respectively. Scrotal circumference measurements were taken, and testicular volume was estimated. A histological study was carried out; to determine the integrity of the testicular parenchyma testicular. The 40 % of male’s intake L. leucocephala presented interstitial edema and tubular atrophy in the testicular parenchyma of pubescent ram. Scrotal circumference and testicular volume were not affected; however, edema and atrophy of the seminiferous tubules were found in animals that intake Leucaena leucocephala. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The rabbit is considered an ideal animal model for studies that describe abnormalities in the testicles due to the similar morphogenetic mechanisms of sexual development and diseases commonly found in humans. The aim of this study was to determine the male sexual differentiation of the New Zealand rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus) through development. The gestational age was estimated and classified as 9, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20, 23 and 28 gestational days. The morphological and sexual determination were performed by histological analysis of the reproductive tract in the embryos and fetuses (9-28 days) as well as by immunohistochemistry- Desert hedgehog-Dhh– (testis-specific protein on Y chromosome– 16, 20, 23 days and adult rabbits). Gonads were observed from the 14th day in an undifferentiated stage and with homogeneous aspect. Sexual differentiation was observed from the 16th day with presence of cells forming gonadal cords and Dhh+ cells in the gonadal parenchyma. From the 18th gestational day testicular cords were observed, which evolved into organized seminiferous tubules. The formation of the efferent ducts and ductus deferens and epididymis was observed on the 20th and 23rd days, respectively. The differentiation of the external genitalia occurred from the 23rd days from the anogenital distance and was identified to identify the penile structures. In summary, the features of the sexual differentiation were determined by observation of the Dhh+ protein in embryos from the 16th day to adulthood, and the morphological particularities observed from the 18th gestational day, determined by differentiation of the external genitalia from the 23rd day. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Compendium of Veterinary Sciences / Compendio de Ciencias Veterinarias is the property of Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias de la Universidad Nacional de Asuncion and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Compendium of Veterinary Sciences / Compendio de Ciencias Veterinarias is the property of Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias de la Universidad Nacional de Asuncion and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Se determinó los aspectos biométricos, y el desarrollo gonadal de la concha negra Anadara tuberculosa en el estero Caté, localizado en el Golfo de Montijo, a los 7º 44’ 25” N y 81º 13’ 32” O. Se seleccionaron seis estaciones de muestreo, dos de ellas hacia los externos de la desembocadura. En cada sitio durante seis meses se tomaron muestras manualmente, se determinó la morfometría y el peso con ayuda de un vernier y una balanza analítica respectivamente. El desplazamiento modal y la frecuencia de talla fueron estimados con histogramas. Cada gónada fue extraída para determinar el sexo y el grado de madurez, en base a cuatro etapas reproductivas. Se midieron los parámetros fisicoquímicos con una sonda multiparamétrica Marca YSI. A. tuberculosa creció 2,6 mm por mes; la talla máxima registrada fue de 72,25 mm y mínima de 28,05 mm. El mayor peso registrado fue de 126,2 g y el menor de 10,5 g. La proporción de sexos fue de 1,06:1 y el máximo desove se dio en el mes de abril, junto con el aumento de la salinidad en la temporada seca.

Lead (Pb) is a highly toxic heavy metal of industrial importance; its presence continues to be a risk in the environment. The concentrations of this metal exceed the limits established by government agencies, representing a menace to the health of the population, mainly in developing countries. Pb affects several systems, including the reproductive system. In this work, research on its toxic effects of Pb on the ovaries is reviewed, addressing studies carried out in vivo and in vitro in mammals, mainly rats, mice and humans from 2000 to 2020. Among the main findings are the modification of the cellular REDOX balance, separation of granulosa cells that conform the follicle, and increased follicular atresia, among others, which consequently alter the reproductive process. Further interdisciplinary studies will help improve the understanding of the mechanisms of action of Pb in the ovary, as well as the risk it represents for female reproductive health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

El comportamiento de las enfermedades microbianas, ya sea por virus, bacterias o protozoos, y su respuesta inflamatoria son diferentes entre hombres y mujeres. Esta diferencia se hace notoria en la pandemia derivada por la enfermedad por coronavirus (COVID-19). Desde el reporte del primer caso de neumonía en diciembre de 2019, en Wuhan, China, la COVID-19 se ha diseminado a 212 países y territorios y, a la fecha, se ha confirmado más de 3,5 millones de casos, con una mortalidad mundial del 7%, lo que la convierte en una emergencia sanitaria internacional (1). Hasta ahora, en Colombia, hay más de 7000 casos confirmados, con más de 300 defunciones, de los cuales, más del 60% pertenecen al sexo masculino. Hasta el momento, la literatura científica disponible relacionada con la COVID-19 solo abarca ciertos aspectos de la salud reproductiva, tanto femenina como masculina, mientras se continúa recopilando más información que nos permita conocer y realizar un análisis más detallado de su impacto real en humanos durante el proceso infeccioso y las secuelas derivadas de este. Está confirmado que las condiciones médicas relacionadas con el síndrome metabólico y los estados de insulinorresistencia en hombres y mujeres agravan la presentación clínica y el pronóstico (2). La presente revisión pretende ilustrar los mecanismos relacionados con la respuesta inmunitaria diversa frente a las infecciones virales según el sexo del individuo, su compromiso gonadal y los efectos relacionados con la salud reproductiva masculina y femenina, que incluye la maternofetal y la posible transmisión vertical.

Introduction. The visceral cavity of teleostean fishes contains the kidneys, digestive tube and annexed glands, gas bladder, gonads, and spleen. Objective: To analyze and describe the anatomic relationships of the organs of the visceral cavity of the Mexican mojarra, Eugerres mexicanus. Methods: By means of dissections, we analyzed, described and illustrated the splanchnology of the visceral cavity of 10 adult specimens from the State of Chiapas, Mexico. Results: The visceral cavity is delimited by the precaudal vertebrae, the scapular and pelvic girdles, the pleural ribs, the first anal pterygiophore and several myotomes. Both kidneys, with extraperitoneal character are partially fused to each other, and contact the neurocranium, the precaudal vertebrae, and the gas bladder. The digestive tube does not present a stomach nor pyloric caeca, and it is 1.3 the standard length of the fish. The liver has two short right lobes. Both ovaries and testes are wide and reach the liver. The spleen is ovoid and is located on the left side of the duodenum. The gas bladder has two anterior lobes, its posterior end is in direct contact with the floor of the visceral cavity, and contain the urinary bladder. Discussion: The organization of the organs in the visceral cavity is in the anatomical pattern of the teleostean fishes, however, the organ that shows the highest number of special characters is the gas bladder, which as in other species of Eugerres is large and shows two notable anterior lobes, reinforced by epipleural ribs. Compared with other species of Eugerres, the Mexican mojarra shows, as exclusive characters: a) the union of the posterior end of the gas bladder with the floor of the visceral cavity, and, b) the location of the urinary bladder within the gas bladder. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The exam andrologic of the bull is carried out through a series of studies that interrelated they allow to understand the integrity functional anátomo of the same one, each one of them sandal a specific area. The study protocol in an exploration of this type is continued through a methodical pursuit. The palpation, the measure of the escrotal perimeter and the evaluation of the semen provide important information to investigate the reproductive capacity, but tley cannot detect poteritial illnesses- The termography, the tonogriphy and tire tersticular biopsy ar not so accepted or they involve risks for the reproductive poteitial of animal. The ultrasound, as complementary method of diagnosis, allows to carry out an evaluation non invasive ofthe internal structuresofthe scrotum and testicle and the chances of diagnosis.

Se presentan resultados del análisis histológico de gónadas de pejerrey, Odontesthes bonariensis de lagunas de la Provincia de Buenos Aires, parcial y totalmente estériles. Macroscópicamente se observó la presencia de zonas o secciones gonadales con anomalías en la coloración, tamaño y consistencia de las gónadas. El análisis histológico muestra 3 tipos de esterilidad, entendiendo como tal la ausencia de células germinales ó aplasia; el denominado tipo I abarcó a los ejemplares sexados como hembras que presentaron una de las gónadas –o una sección de ella –con esterilidad parcial; en el tipo II se incluyeron aquellos ejemplares reconocidos macro y microscópicamente como machos, con gónadas de características similares al anterior grupo. Y finalmente, el tipo III se refirió a los ejemplares denominados “indefinidos” en los cuales no fue posible identificar el sexo, ya que ambas gónadas se presentaron esterilidad total. Se agregan algunas consideraciones preliminares referidas al peso de las gónadas, ubicación de las zonas estériles, tallas de estos ejemplares y su distribución en el ciclo reproductivo del pejerrey. Se discuten las posibles causas de estos fenómenos: 1) la acción de “disruptores químicos endógenos”; 2) desórdenes endocrinos o metabólicos; 3) “stress”; 4) esterilidad por temperaturas elevadas; 5) acción conjunta de los factores mencionados anteriormente.

Fragmento. En el curso de pocos años la Endocrinología ha presentado un cambio radical en varios de los conceptos que considerábamos como establecidos. Al origen de dichos cambios podríamos citar tres factores, a saber: a) La introducción, en todos los laboratorios de investigación y gran proporción de los laboratorios clínicos, de las técnicas de radioinmunoanálisis, lo cual ha permitido obtener datos sobre la concentración plasmática de hormonas, imposibles de obtener por las técnicas biológicas, b) El progreso en el conocimiento de la estructura química y la fisiología de las hormonas o factores hipotalámicos, y c) El concepto del “segundo mensajero hormonal”, el papel de la Adenil-ciclasa y el AMP cíclico en la transmisión intracelular del estímulo hormonal.

The minimum size of sexual maturity and sexual dimorphism are important life history traits useful to study and understand the population dynamics of any species. In this study, we determined the minimum size at sexual maturity and the existence of sexual dimorphism in a population of the rocket-frog, Colostethus aff. fraterdanieli, by means of morphological and morphometric data and macro and microscopic observation of the gonads. Females attained sexual maturity at 17.90 ± 0.1 mm snout-vent length (SVL), while males attained sexual maturity at 16.13 ± 0.06 mm SVL. Females differed from males in size, shape and throat coloration. Males were smaller than females and had a marked and dark throat coloration that sometimes extended to the chest, while females lacked this characteristic, with a throat either immaculate or weakly pigmented. In this study, we describe some important aspects of the reproductive ecology of a population of C. aff. fraterdanieli useful as a baseline for other more specialized studies.

This study investigated the effect of acute exposition to zinc (Zn) on histology of the liver and testes of yellow tail lambari (Astyanax aff. bimaculatus). The exposure consisted of six concentrations of Zn (0, 3, 5, 10, 15, and 20 mg/L) for 96 hours of exposure. Fragments of liver and testis were routinely processed and embedded in plastic resin based on glycol methacrylate. Fragments of bones, muscles, liver and testis were dehydrated and digested to quantify the absorption levels of Zn in the tissue. Acute exposure to concentrations above 10mg/L has produced structural changes in the liver and gonads. The changes found in the liver were vascular congestion; decrease of cellular volume; displacement of the hepatocyte nucleus; necrosis; disarrangement of cordon structure; leukocyte infiltrate and vacuolization. The changes found in the gonads were ruptured cyst, delayed development of germ cells, pyknotic nucleus, cell cluster, displacement of cyst wall and vacuolization. The histological changes observed were compatible with the increasing concentration of zinc in environment, compromising liver and reproductive functions, because there was an increase in relative frequency of hepatocytes and reduced sperm production

Reproductive aspects of Dendropsophus sanborni (Anura, Hylidae) in northeastern Argentina. The aim of this investigation was to characterize reproductive aspects of Dendropsophus sanborni (Schmidt, 1944) (Anura, Hylidae) in the northwest of Corrientes province, in northeastern Argentina. The reproductive cycles of males and females, the existence of sexual dimorphism and the male’s vocalization period were analyzed. Samplings were made from September 2011 to August 2012. Dendropsophus sanborni showed a prolonged reproductive pattern because reproductive activity was observed during most part of the year. Calling males were recorded all months except in July. The spermatogenic cycle can be characterized as potentially continuous. In males, snout-vent length was significantly correlated with mean testicular volume. The species showed sexual dimorphism in body mass, with females larger than males. Post-ovulatory females were found from March to June and most females had oocytes at different stages of maturity, with abundant post-vitellogenic oocytes from August to December.

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Copyright of Revista de Biologia Marina y Oceanografía (RBMO) is the property of Universidad de Valparaiso, Facultad de Ciencias del Mar and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Acta Scientiarum: Animal Sciences is the property of Universidade Estadual de Maringa and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

El objetivo del presente estudio era realizar una descripción de parámetros morfométricos del ovario y cuerpo lúteo (CL) de yeguas criollas de Colombia. Se utilizaron cincuenta ovarios provenientes de yeguas adultas. Todos los animales se encontraban clínicamente sanos. Los tejidos se obtuvieron después del sacrificio y se fijaron inmediatamente en formalina tamponada. Se pesó y se midió el diámetro mayor y el menor del ovario. Se realizó una incisión longitudinal con la finalidad de observar el parénquima del órgano. Se removió el CL y se registró su peso y diámetro. Los datos se analizaron a través de estadística descriptiva y el grado de asociación de las variables se calculó a través de un modelo de regresión simple. Se transformaron los datos con logaritmo en base natural cuando se requirió. El diámetro mayor del ovario varió desde 2 hasta 6,2 cm. El diámetro del CL varió desde 1,1 hasta 3,6 cm. Se encontró una relación lineal entre el peso y el diámetro del ovario (R2 = 0,41; p < 0,01) y entre el peso y el diámetro del CL (R2 = 0,48; p < 0,01). Aunque la relación entre el peso del ovario y el cuerpo lúteo es lineal, el coeficiente de determinación fue muy bajo. La yegua criolla colombiana tiene características similares en la morfología ovárica y luteal a las reportadas en la literatura para yeguas de otras razas livianas. Los valores aquí reportados podrían ser el punto de partida para establecer valores de referencia de utilidad clínica.

A preguiça pode ser designada, zoologicamente, como um mamífero da classe Eutheria, ordem Edentata, subordem Xenarthra e família Bradypodidae. O gênero Bradypus é constituído de três espécies distintas: a preguiça-de-bentinho (B. tridactylus), restrita à região amazônica; a preguiça-comum (B. variegatus), de ampla distribuição, ocorrendo nas Américas Central e do Sul e a preguiça-de-coleira (B. torquatus), única seriamente ameaçada de extinção. Percebe-se a necessidade de uma investigação mais aprofundada sobre a espécie B. variegatus, a fim de contribuir de forma efetiva com a elaboração de tratados de anatomia da fauna silvestre, além de buscar mais informações sobre a anatomia do sistema reprodutor do bicho preguiça (Bradypus variegatus Schinz, 1825) e, desta forma, aplicar os novos conhecimentos na sua preservação. Utilizamos quatro indivíduos machos e três fêmeas, pertencentes ao banco de espécies da Área de Anatomia do Departamento de Morfologia e Fisiologia Animal da Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco (DMFA/UFRPE), as quais foram dissecados e evidenciamos a vascularização das gônadas, bem como suas localizações e aspectos morfológicos e morfométricos dos testículos e ovários. Como resultados, observou-se que o macho possui testículos localizados no interior do espaço intraabdominal, ligados às glândulas adrenais por um ligamento de peritônio. A vascularização não é feita por um plexo pampiniforme, mas por uma artéria e uma veia testicular. Os testículos possuem, em média, volume igual a 1,42cm³ e espessura, largura e comprimento, respectivamente iguais a 0,98, 1,23 e 1,45cm. Os ovários também estão no interior do espaço intra-abdominal, no fundo do útero, protegidos por uma bolsa ovariana, composta por mesovário e mesossalpinge. A vascularização é realizada por um plexo arteriovenoso que irriga e drena o útero, e suas ramificações na parede uterina atingem os ovários. Os ovários possuem, em média, espessura, largura e comprimento, respectivamente iguais a 0,37, 0,73 e 0,62 cm.

O hormônio antimülleriano (AMH) é uma glicoproteína produzida pelas células granulosas de folículos ovarianos primários, pré-antrais e pequenos folículos antrais e ultimamente sua aplicabilidade clínica tem sido demonstrada através de diversos estudos. A predição da resposta à estimulação ovariana para fertilização in vitro corresponde a sua mais frequente utilização na prática clínica, sendo rotineiramente realizada em muitos serviços para identificar subgrupos de mulheres suscetíveis a má resposta ou a Síndrome da Hiperestimulação Ovariana. Existem perspectivas de que o AMH possa ser aplicável na individualização do risco de injúria gonadal iatrogênica em mulheres portadoras de neoplasia que serão submetidas a quimioterapia. Também é provável que as dosagens de AMH sejam incluídas nos protocolos de investigação de amenorreias e oligomenorreias, uma vez que seus níveis encontram-se elevados em pacientes portadoras da Síndrome dos Ovários Policísticos, reduzidos em casos de falência ovariana prematura e normais em outras condições como a hiperprolactinemia e o hipogonadismo hipogonadotrófico. É possível que futuramente o AMH venha a ser utilizado na predição da idade de menopausa e do prognóstico reprodutivo da mulher, fornecendo bases sólidas ao aconselhamento conceptivo e contraceptivo.Anti-mullerian hormone (AMH) is a glycoprotein produced by granulosa cells of primary, pre-antral and small antral ovarian follicles and its clinical applicability has been recently demonstrated by several studies. Prediction of the response to ovarian stimulation for in vitro fertilization corresponds to the most frequent utilization of AMH in clinical practice, being routinely assessed in many services to identify subgroups of women susceptible to a poor response or to Ovarian Hyperstimulation Syndrome. There are great perspectives that AMH may be applicable to the individual determination of risk for iatrogenic gonadal injury in women with neoplasms who will be submitted to chemotherapy. It is also probable that AMH assessment will be included in protocols for the investigation of amenorrhea and oligomenorrhea, since AMH levels are increased in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome, reduced in premature ovarian failure and normal in other conditions such as hyperprolactinemia and hypogonadotropic hypogonadism. It is possible that AMH will be utilized in the future for the prediction of age at menopause and of reproductive prognosis, providing solid bases for pre-conceptive and contraceptive counseling.

A identificação precoce do sexo em peixes é um procedimento importante para o desenvolvimento de estratégias que facilitem o manejo no plantel de reprodutores. A endoscopia pode ser utilizada para essa identificação, embora em peixes seu uso ainda seja restrito. Diante disso, o objetivo deste trabalho foi validar o uso do endoscópio rígido via poro urogenital para determinação do sexo do catfish de canal (Ictalurus punctatus). O equipamento utilizado foi um endoscópio Multipurpose Rigid™ 30º com 2,7 mm de diâmetro e 18 cm de comprimento. Foram examinados 60 peixes com peso variando entre 86 e 1.032 gramas nos quais foi introduzido o endoscópio via poro genital e, logo em seguida, eutanaziados para confirmação do sexo. Amostras de tecido gonadal foram coletadas para avaliação histológica do estádio de maturação e confirmação do sexo. Os resultados mostraram que dos 60 peixes examinados, 57 tiveram confirmação positiva do sexo via endoscopia, o que corresponde a 95% da amostra. A utilização da endoscopia para determinação do sexo em I. punctatus via poro genital é viável.

Estudou-se o tamanho da boca de larvas de tilápia-do-nilo e testou-se o efeito de diferentes granulometrias da ração sobre o ganho de peso, comprimento e sobrevivência das larvas aos 30 e 60 dias de arraçoamento. Avaliou-se também o método de sexagem por meio de microscopia de luz aos 35 dias de idade. A medida da boca das larvas apresentou valores médios de 918,2±152,9μm aos cinco dias de idade. De acordo com esse dado, testaram-se três granulometrias: 0,25, 0,35 e 0,50mm. Aos 30 e aos 60 dias de arraçoamento, 10% das larvas foram medidas, pesadas e contadas para cálculo da taxa de sobrevivência. O tamanho dos grânulos testados não afetou o desempenho das larvas de tilápia nilótica com alimentação iniciada aos cinco dias pós-eclosão. Quanto à sexagem histológica aos 35 dias de idade, as gônadas apresentaram-se, em sua maioria, indiferenciadas. Recomenda-se que essa análise deva ser realizada de acordo com o tamanho dos animais e não com a idade.The mouth size of Nile tilapia larvae and the effect of different diameters of crumble fish food over weight gain, total length, and survival of larvae after 30 and 60 days of feeding were studied. The method of gender diagnosis based on light microscopy at 35 days of age was also evaluated. The larval mouth measurement presented average values of 918.2±152.9μm at five days of age. Based on this information, three granule sizes were tested: 0.25, 0.35, and 0.50mm. At 30 and 60 days of feeding, 10% of larvae were measured, weighed, and counted to calculate the survival rate. It was verified that the crumble size did not affect the performance of Nile tilapia larvae when feeding was initiated five days after hatching. In relation to the histological gender diagnosis at 35 days of age, most of gonads were undifferentiated. Therefore, it is recommended that this analysis should be carried out according to the size of animals instead of their age.

No presente trabalho, foi estudado o desenvolvimento ovariano do cascudo Hypostomus strigaticeps. Foram coletadas 332 fêmeas, em coletas mensais, de julho de 2002 até junho de 2004, no rio Corumbataí, Estado de São Paulo, bacia do Paraná. Os ovários foramprocessados com técnicas histológicas de rotina, com inclusão em parafina, corte com 5 μm de espessura e coloração em hematoxilina-eosina. Foram observados seis tipos de ovócitos: Cromatina-nucléolo, Perinucleolar, Alvéolo-cortical, Vitelogênico, Maduro e Atrésico. Foiconstruída uma escala de maturidade, a partir de observações microscópicas, macroscópicas e do índice gonadossomático com quatro fases: Repouso, Maturação, Maduro e Desovado. This work studied the ovarian development of the armored catfish Hypostomus strigaticeps. Between July 2002 and June 2005, 332 females were collected monthly from the Corumbataí River, São Paulo State –Brazil. The ovaries were processed using routine histological techniques – paraffin inclusion and 5 μm thick sections stained in hematoxylin-eosin. Six types of oocytes were observed: Chromatin-nucleolus, Perinucleolar, Cortical-alveolus, Vitellogenic, Ripe andAtresic. Four maturity stages were created based on macroscopic and microscopic morphological observations, as well as on analysis of the gonadossomatic index (GSI): Rest, Maturation, Ripe and Spawned.

O presente artigo trata da visita do médico Serge Voronoff ao Brasil durante as Jornadas Médicas de 1928 e a subseqüente demonstração de sua técnica de xenotransplante diante da classe médica. Recorreu-se a jornais da época para ilustrar a natureza do imaginário popular em torno da cirurgia controversa e de seus pretensos milagres para a preservação da saúde e a manutenção da vida. A iniciativa de Voronoff abriu espaço para que outros profissionais da medicina relatassem sua prática cirúrgica de xenotransplante e também levou à popularização do tema, como o demonstram marchinhas de carnaval e comentários picantes da imprensa, por exemplo. Uma análise baseada em parâmetros científicos atuais é apresentada com a sugestão do possível envolvimento dos xenotransplantes na epidemiologia do HIV.Dr. Serge Voronoff visited Brazil during the Jornadas Médicas of 1928, where he demonstrated his xenotransplantation technique to the local medical community. The present article uses newspaper clippings from that time to illustrate how this controversial surgery and Voronoff's alleged miraculous preservation of good health and longevity was viewed in the popular imagination. Voronoff's initiative paved the way for other health professionals to report on their surgical experiences with xenotransplantation and also popularized the topic, which became the subject of Carnival songs and sardonic jokes in the press. An analysis is offered, based on current scientific parameters, along with a suggestion concerning the possible involvement of xenotransplantation in HIV epidemiology.

O matrinxã, Brycon cephalus, espécie nativa oriunda da Bacia Amazônica, apresenta características adequadas para a piscicultura. Entretanto, trata-se de peixe reofílico, sendo necessário manejo adequado para induzir à reprodução. O objetivo deste trabalho foi caracterizar o perfil da triiodotironina (T3) plasmática no matrinxã, durante 16 meses (outubro/97 a janeiro/99), relacionando-o com a maturação sexual, além de testar a ação do T3 associado ao extrato pituitário de carpa na reprodução induzida da espécie. O experimento foi conduzido no Centro Nacional de Pesquisa de Peixes Tropicais - CEPTA, Pirassununga, SP, e no Departamento de Morfologia e Fisiologia Animal, da Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias de Jaboticabal - UNESP. Foram amostrados, mensalmente, 8 a 12 peixes, de ambos os sexos, totalizando 173 animais, de onde retirou-se sangue para dosagem do T3 plasmático. As gônadas foram removidas para análise histológica com identificação do sexo e determinação do estádio de maturação. Analisaram-se testículos e ovários de 161 peixes em corte transversal, tendo predominado machos (63,35%) e o estádio sexual imaturo entre ambos. A concentração plasmática de T3 foi maior de dezembro a janeiro, para machos e fêmeas, coincidindo com o período de maior atividade reprodutiva da espécie e maiores temperaturas da água. Em janeiro/99, reprodutores de matrinxã foram induzidos com extrato de pituitária de carpa (EPC) associado à administração de T3 (20 mg/kg em 0,1 mL de suspensão oleosa). Os resultados sugeriram que o T3 atuou sinergicamente à gonadotropina do extrato hipofisário e que o tratamento agudo de triiodotironina com o EPC pode estimular o eixo hipotálamo-hipófise-ovário. O tempo de eclosão das larvas provenientes das fêmeas tratadas com o T3 foi menor e o crescimento inicial e a sobrevivência dessas larvas, maiores.The matrinxã, Brycon cephalus, native specie from the Amazonian Basin, shows good characteristics for farming. It is a migrating fish, being necessary an appropriate handling to induce its spawning. The objective of this work was to characterize the profile of plasma triiodotironina (T3) in matrinxã, during 16 months (October/97 to January/99), associated to the sexual maturation, besides testing T3 action associated to the carp pituitary extract in the induced reproduction. The experiment was carried out at the National Center of Research of Tropical Fish, CEPTA, Pirassununga, SP, and at the Animal Morphology and Physiology Department, of the University of São Paulo State, UNESP, Jaboticabal, SP. A total of 173 one and half year old matrinxã were sampled. Monthly, from eight to twelve fish, of both sexes, were bled for plasma T3 determination. The gonads were collected for histological identification of the sex and maturation stage. Testes and ovaries of 161 fish were observed, prevailing males (63.35%) and immature sexual stage. The concentration of plasma T3 was higher from December to January, both in males and in females, coinciding with the period of higher reproductive activity of the species and higher temperatures of the water. On January/99, breeders were induced with extract of carp pituitary (ECP), associated to the administration of T3 (20mg kg-1 in 0.1 ml oil solution). Results suggest that T3 played a synergistic role to the gonadotropin of the ECP, and a short-term treatment of ECP associated to triiodothyronine can stimulate the hipothalamus-hypophysis-ovary axis. The hatching time of the larvae from females treated with T3 was lower than the control ones. The initial growth and percent survival that larvae were better.

Identifying the maturity stage of specimens is essential for the determination of the spawning season, which in turn facilitates the formulation of adequate fisheries management measures for the sustainable use of sea resources, such as abalone. This study aims to validate, based on histological evidence, a gonad maturation scale that encompasses four morphochromatically-defined stages (developing, maturity, spawning and resting) for females and males, plus an additional stage for reproductively inactive (undifferentiated) specimens, to be used as an identification key. Given the similarity between Haliotis fulgens and Haliotis corrugata as to their morphochromatic features, the gonadal maturation scale can be used for both species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The minimum size of sexual maturity and sexual dimorphism are important life history traits useful to study and understand the population dynamics of any species. In this study, we determined the minimum size at sexual maturity and the existence of sexual dimorphism in a population of the rocket-frog, Colostethus aff. fraterdanieli, by means of morphological and morphometric data and macro and microscopic observation of the gonads. Females attained sexual maturity at 17.90 ± 0.1 mm snout-vent length (SVL), while males attained sexual maturity at 16.13 ± 0.06 mm SVL. Females differed from males in size, shape and throat coloration. Males were smaller than females and had a marked and dark throat coloration that sometimes extended to the chest, while females lacked this characteristic, with a throat either immaculate or weakly pigmented. In this study, we describe some important aspects of the reproductive ecology of a population of C. aff. fraterdanieli useful as a baseline for other more specialized studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article describes the breeding capabilities of Dendropsophus sanborni in northeastern Argentina. Topics discussed include the study was done on the samples gathered from September 2011 to August 2012 through the analysis of male vocalization period and reproductive cycles of both males and females, results revealed a prolonged reproductive pattern with male calling being done in all months excluding July, and results also revealed that females have greater body mass than males.

Este estudo é baseado na análise da anatomia macroscópica e da estrutura histológica de 452 ovários de fêmeas de Cathorops spixii coletadas nas Ilhas Pai Matos (região estuarino-lagunar de Cananéia-Iguape - 24°59'42"S 47°54'27"W), São Paulo, Brasil. Foram consideradas seis fases de desenvolvimento ovocitário, com base nas características citológicas das células germinativas durante o processo de maturação, e sete estádios de maturação ovarianos, determinados pela estrutura histológica dos ovários e pela ocorrência e freqüência relativa das seis fases ovocitárias: "A"(imaturo), "Bi" (em maturação inicial), "Bf'(em maturação final), "Ci"(parcialmente maduro), "Cf€�'(maduro), "D"(esvaziado) e "R"(em recuperação). A presença de apenas um lote ovocitário, unido durante a desova por uma substncia adesiva acelular, sugere desova total, e o desenvolvimento ovocitário é classificado como sincrônico em grupos. A anatomia ovariana macroscópica e a estrutura histológica verificadas são características do tipo cistovariano.This study is based on the analysis of macroscopic anatomy and histological structure of 452 ovaries from females of Cathorops spixii caught in the "Pai Matos" islands (Cananéia-Iguape lagoonal-estuarine region - 24°59'42"S 47°54'27"W), São Paulo, Brazil. Six phases of oocyte development are considered, based on cytological characteristics of the germinative cells during the maturation process, and seven ovarian maturity stages, determined by histological structure of ovaries and by the occurrence and relative frequency of the six oocyte phases: "A"(immature), "Bi"(initial maturation), "Bf'(advanced maturation), "Ci"(partially mature), "Cf'(mature), "D"(spent) and "R"(recuperation). The presence of a single patch of oocytes clustered during the spawn by an acellular adhesive substance, suggests total spawning, and the oocyte development is classified as synchronic in groups. The examined ovarian macroscopic anatomy and histological structure are characteristic of the cistovarian type.

The pink shrimp Farfantepenaeus notialis is one resource of great socioeconomic importance in the Caribbean region. However, this species has been overexploited in the last decades and there is a lack of biological and fishery information. For such reason, the objective of the present study is to determine and characterize the maturity stages a macroscopic and microscopic level of the pink shrimp (F. notialis) as input for its management. The samples were taking from June of 2012 and May 2013, on board shrimp commercial vessels in the Colombian Caribbean. The females of F. notialis were identified and preserved for the histologic analysis and some gonads were fixed. Data of size, weight and sex were taken. The gonadal stages were determined from the morphology and coloration of gonad and to microscopic determination were carried out histologic cut from samples of thirty gonads from all stages. A total of 3019 females were obtained from F. notialis, to which five stages of gonadal development were found and described. The macroscopic results were corroborated with the analysis ovocyte development a microscopic level. The development of ovocyte was coherent to that reported for F. brevirostris in the Colombian Pacífic and F. paulensis in the north coast of Brazil. These results are a contribution of the great scientific importance to the determination of maturity of F. notialis in the Colombian Caribbean. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Anolis porcatus habita en jardines, en los bordes de las carreteras y en construcciones humanas. La información que existe es generalizada y no hay trabajos sobre esta especie en el pueblo de Guanajay, provincia de Artemisa. En febrero de 2001, se le buscó en los alrededores de las casas; de cada individuo avistado se anotaron: el substrato, la altura sobre el suelo y el grado de iluminación. Se recolectaron 16 machos y cinco hembras y les fueron medidas su longitud hocico-cloaca, longitud de la cabeza y anchura de la cabeza; se calculó un índice cefálico. Se les extrajo el tracto digestivo y se midieron sus gónadas. Se identificaron las presas hasta orden o familia. El índice cefálico es algo mayor en las hembras. La mayoría fue detectada en postes de cercas. La altura media a la que se encontraron los machos fue de 1,11 m y la de las hembras, de 1,23 m. Las dos terceras partes estaban bajo el sol. Las gónadas son elípticas en machos y esféricas en hembras. Los machos ingirieron mayor número de componentes y de número de presas que las hembras; los formícidos fueron los más ingeridos. El tamaño corporal y de las gónadas, y la dieta de A. porcatus se corresponden, en general, con lo encontrado para la especie en otros lugares de Cuba y con especies del género Anolis en Cuba y el extranjero. Para completar este trabajo, sería útil realizarlo en Guanajay en época de lluvia o en más sitios de Cuba.

Se describen las relaciones entre masa corporal, tamaño de gónadas y muda postnupcial del Pirincho Guira guira sobre la base de 92 especímenes (53 machos y 39 hembras), coleccionados en el partido de Magdalena (provincia de Buenos Aires) entre 1991 y 1997, hasta completar el período de un año. Considerando el promedio anual, no se hallaron diferencias significativas entre la masa corporal de machos y hembras. Para cada sexo se determinaron dos períodos en la variación del tamaño de las gónadas: uno de mayor actividad (septiembre-enero) y el otro de inactividad sexual (abril-agosto). Los machos mostraron un desarrollo gonadal más temprano que las hembras. La postura del primer huevo comenzó en octubre. A mediados de diciembre comenzó una declinación en el tamaño de las gónadas, en relación con el comienzo de la muda postnupcial, que alcanzó su apogeo en marzo. La muda fue asimétrica. El 85,8% de los ejemplares estudiados estaban en muda. El proceso se extendió hasta fines de mayo.