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In order to enhance the safety of mountain road driving, an algorithm for safe route planning in mountainous area based on fuzzy random forest is proposed. The basic idea of the algorithm is to increase the road impedance in the unsafe areas and reduce the passing rate of the roads with high impedance, that is, the roads with low safety. In this paper, the road rank, slope, visibility and road undulation were selected as the main factors affecting safe driving, and the eigenvalue of corresponding factors and safe driving speed of typical road sections were collected. The mapping model between the factors affecting the safe driving and the safe driving speed was constructed by random forest algorithm, and the safe driving speed of non-sampled road sections was estimated with fuzzy reasoning method. Further the impedance of the road network was constructed based on safe driving speed of the whole road network, finally the planning route of safe driving in mountainous area was obtained. Taking the mountain road network in Qinshui County, Jincheng City, Shanxi Province as an example, the rationality of the proposed algorithm was verified. The results indicate that the planning scheme could effectively avoid the road section with steep slope and poor field of view and provide a more reasonable route for drivers to travel safely in mountainous area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

While fuzzy random forest (FRF) as a fuzzy implementation of random forest has earned its strong ambiguity/uncertainty handling capability on a rich variety of considerably low dimensional datasets, this article revisits FRF and attempts to enhance its generalization capability and computational speed on high dimensional datasets. For the first issue, in addition to the original use of randomness in FRF, a doubly randomness is newly introduced into the generation of both the candidate attributes and the best splitting attributes in FRF. For the computational speed issue, while the proposed new fuzzy information gain (NFG) measure does not apply to all candidate attributes, the remaining NFG values can be quickly retrieved by copying from the dynamically generated dictionary. As a result, a new method called enhanced fuzzy random forest (E-FRF) is proposed and justified theoretically from the consistency perspective. Our extensive experimental results indicate that the proposed method E-FRF has at least comparable performance to the comparative methods, and is an advantageous alternative to FRF in terms of both testing accuracy and running speed in most of the adopted high dimensional datasets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Electroencephalogram (EEG) signal classification is used in many applications. Typically, this classification is implemented based on methods which consist of two steps. These steps are known as the step of signal preprocessing and the step of the classification. The signal preprocessing step transforms initial signal into classification attributes. According to several studies, this transformation can result in the loss of some useful information and, consequently, the formed classification attributes are uncertain. This information loss can be taken into account if the classification attributes are fuzzy and the fuzzy classifiers are used at the step of classification itself. The transformation of initial EEG signal into fuzzy attributes needs one more procedure at the step of signal preprocessing. This procedure is fuzzification. An approach based on fuzzy classifiers for EEG signal classification is considered in this article. The approach is evaluated based on two classifiers: fuzzy decision tree and fuzzy random Forest. The classification accuracy is 99.5% for fuzzy decision tree and 99.3% for fuzzy random forest. The comparison with similar studies based on non-fuzzy classifiers indicates that fuzzy classifiers are effective tool for EEG signal classification and have best classification accuracy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of the keys in time-dependent routing is determining the weight for each road network link based on symmetrical and complete traffic information. To facilitate travel planning considering traffic situations based on historical global position system (GPS) trajectory data which uncover the whole road network, this paper proposes a fuzzy random forest-based road section data estimation method, which uses the third law of geography as the core idea. For different time periods, road grade, tidal lane, proximity to infrastructure (main places that affect traffic, such as schools, hospitals), and accident road sections were selected as indicators that influence the traffic. The random forest algorithm is used to build the mapping relationship between attribute data with average traffic which is obtained based on GPS data. Subsequently, the fuzzy reasoning method is used to obtain the weight of road links missing traffic information by calculating their similarities with typical road section samples. Using the road network of Suzhou City as an example, the proposed method was used to analyze estimate the average driving speeds of road sections with missing traffic information for different time periods. Experimental results show that this method can effectively avoid congested road sections and obtain high-speed travel routes.

The problem of risk classification and prediction, an essential research direction, aiming to identify and predict risks for various applications, has been researched in this paper. To identify and predict risks, numerous researchers build models on discovering hidden information of a label (positive credit or negative credit). Fuzzy logic is robust in dealing with ambiguous data and, thus, benefits the problem of classification and prediction. However, the way to apply fuzzy logic optimally depends on the characteristics of the data and the objectives, and it is extraordinarily tricky to find such a way. This paper, therefore, proposes a general membership function model for fuzzy sets (GMFMFS) in the fuzzy decision tree and extend it to the fuzzy random forest method. The proposed methods can be applied to identify and predict the credit risks with almost optimal fuzzy sets. In addition, we analyze the feasibility of our GMFMFS and prove our GMFMFS‐based linear membership function can be extended to a nonlinear membership function without a significant increase in computing complex. Our GMFMFS‐based fuzzy decision tree is tested with a real dataset of US credit, Susy dataset of UCI, and synthetic datasets of big data. The results of experiments further demonstrate the effectiveness and potential of our GMFMFS‐based fuzzy decision tree with linear membership function and nonlinear membership function. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Naïve Geography, intelligent geographical information systems (GIS), and spatial data mining especially from social media all rely on natural-language spatial relations (NLSR) terms to incorporate commonsense spatial knowledge into conventional GIS and to enhance the semantic interoperability of spatial information in social media data. Yet, the inherent fuzziness of NLSR terms makes them challenging to interpret. This study proposes to interpret the fuzzy semantics of NLSR terms using the fuzzy random forest (FRF) algorithm. Based on a large number of fuzzy samples acquired by transforming a set of crisp samples with the random forest algorithm, two FRF models with different membership assembling strategies are trained to obtain the fuzzy interpretation of three line-region geometric representations using 69 NLSR terms. Experimental results demonstrate that the two FRF models achieve good accuracy in interpreting line-region geometric representations using fuzzy NLSR terms. In addition, fuzzy classification of FRF can interpret the fuzzy semantics of NLSR terms more fully than their crisp counterparts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Naïve Geography, intelligent geographical information systems (GIS), and spatial data mining especially from social media all rely on natural-language spatial relations (NLSR) terms to incorporate commonsense spatial knowledge into conventional GIS and to enhance the semantic interoperability of spatial information in social media data. Yet, the inherent fuzziness of NLSR terms makes them challenging to interpret. This study proposes to interpret the fuzzy semantics of NLSR terms using the fuzzy random forest (FRF) algorithm. Based on a large number of fuzzy samples acquired by transforming a set of crisp samples with the random forest algorithm, two FRF models with different membership assembling strategies are trained to obtain the fuzzy interpretation of three line-region geometric representations using 69 NLSR terms. Experimental results demonstrate that the two FRF models achieve good accuracy in interpreting line-region geometric representations using fuzzy NLSR terms. In addition, fuzzy classification of FRF can interpret the fuzzy semantics of NLSR terms more fully than their crisp counterparts.

Although visual surveillance has emerged as an effective technolody for public security, privacy has become an issue of great concern in the transmission and distribution of surveillance videos. For example, personal facial images should not be browsed without permission. To cope with this issue, face image scrambling has emerged as a simple solution for privacy-related applications. Consequently, online facial biometric verification needs to be carried out in the scrambled domain, thus bringing a new challenge to face classification. In this paper, we investigate face verification issues in the scrambled domain and propose a novel scheme to handle this challenge. In our proposed method, to make feature extraction from scrambled face images robust, a biased random subspace sampling scheme is applied to construct fuzzy decision trees from randomly selected features, and fuzzy forest decision using fuzzy memberships is then obtained from combining all fuzzy tree decisions. In our experiment, we first estimated the optimal parameters for the construction of the random forest and, then, applied the optimized model to the benchmark tests using three publically available face datasets. The experimental results validated that our proposed scheme can robustly cope with the challenging tests in the scrambled domain and achieved an improved accuracy over all tests, making our method a promising candidate for the emerging privacy-related facial biometric applications. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Highlights: [•] Low quality data (LQD) appear in real problems. We incorporate the processing of LQD in feature selection. [•] We propose a feature selection method that works within the framework of the fuzzy logic theory. [•] Our approach is classified as a hybrid method that combines the filter and wrapper methods. [•] The experiments evaluate the performance of the approach with low quality and microarray datasets. [•] The results indicate that the approach has a good classification performance with or without LQDs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Imperfect information inevitably appears in real situations for a variety of reasons. Although efforts have been made to incorporate imperfect data into classification techniques, there are still many limitations as to the type of data, uncertainty, and imprecision that can be handled. In this paper, we will present a Fuzzy Random Forest ensemble for classification and show its ability to handle imperfect data into the learning and the classification phases. Then, we will describe the types of imperfect data it supports. We will devise an augmented ensemble that can operate with others type of imperfect data: crisp, missing, probabilistic uncertainty, and imprecise (fuzzy and crisp) values. Additionally, we will perform experiments with imperfect datasets created for this purpose and datasets used in other papers to show the advantage of being able to express the true nature of imperfect information. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of the keys in time-dependent routing is determining the weight for each road network link based on symmetrical and complete traffic information. To facilitate travel planning considering traffic situations based on historical global position system (GPS) trajectory data which uncover the whole road network, this paper proposes a fuzzy random forest-based road section data estimation method, which uses the third law of geography as the core idea. For different time periods, road grade, tidal lane, proximity to infrastructure (main places that affect traffic, such as schools, hospitals), and accident road sections were selected as indicators that influence the traffic. The random forest algorithm is used to build the mapping relationship between attribute data with average traffic which is obtained based on GPS data. Subsequently, the fuzzy reasoning method is used to obtain the weight of road links missing traffic information by calculating their similarities with typical road section samples. Using the road network of Suzhou City as an example, the proposed method was used to analyze estimate the average driving speeds of road sections with missing traffic information for different time periods. Experimental results show that this method can effectively avoid congested road sections and obtain high-speed travel routes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Data classification and regression are commonly encountered data analysis problems. Many researchers created multiple tools to deal with these issues. Fuzzy clustering, fuzzy decision trees, and ensemble classifiers such as fuzzy forests are popular tools used for this kind of problems. We would like to describe some interesting, more or less popular, solutions which belong to mentioned areas to show the way they deal with data classification and regression problems. This paper is divided into four parts. In the first part we present the issue of fuzzy clustering, which is one of the most important aspects of fuzzy trees which base on clusters. Some methods of splitting objects into clusters using fuzzy logic are described there. The second part describes different fuzzy decision trees. The way these trees can deal with classification and regression problems is presented. In the third part the issue of forests—ensemble classifiers which consist of fuzzy trees—is described. The last part treats about the way of performing weighted decision making in fuzzy forests. This article is categorized under:Fundamental Concepts of Data and Knowledge > Big Data MiningTechnologies > ClassificationTechnologies > PredictionTechnologies > Machine Learning [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]