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The demand for uninterruptible electricity supply is increasing, and the power engineering sector has started researching alternative solutions. Distributed generation (DG) dissemination into the electric grid to cope with the accelerating demand for electricity is taken into consideration. However, its integration with the traditional grid is a key task as sudden changes in load and their fickle nature cause the frequency to deviate from its adjusted range and affect the grid's reliability. Moreover, the increased use of DG will significantly impact power system frequency response, posing a new challenge to the traditional power system frequency framework. Therefore, maintaining the frequency within the nominal range can improve its reliability. This deviation should be removed within a few seconds to keep the system's frequency stable so that supply and demand are balanced. In a traditional grid system, the controllers installed at the generation side help to control the system's frequency. These generators have capital installation costs that are not desirable for system operators. Therefore, this article proposed a comprehensive control framework to enable high penetration of DG while still providing adequate frequency response. This is accomplished by investigating a grasshopper optimization algorithm-based (GOA) fuzzy PD-PI controller (FPD-PI) for analyzing frequency control and optimizing the FPD-PI controller gains to minimize the frequency fluctuations. In this paper, interconnected hybrid power systems (HPS) are considered. In this study, the response of a system is analyzed, and the results validate that the oscillations in frequency are substantially reduced by the proposed controller. Moreover, our model is the best option for controlling frequency instead of conventional controllers, as it is efficient and fast to regulate frequency by switching the preferred loads on or off. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The demand for uninterruptible electricity supply is increasing, and the power engineering sector has started researching alternative solutions. Distributed generation (DG) dissemination into the electric grid to cope with the accelerating demand for electricity is taken into consideration. However, its integration with the traditional grid is a key task as sudden changes in load and their fickle nature cause the frequency to deviate from its adjusted range and affect the grid’s reliability. Moreover, the increased use of DG will significantly impact power system frequency response, posing a new challenge to the traditional power system frequency framework. Therefore, maintaining the frequency within the nominal range can improve its reliability. This deviation should be removed within a few seconds to keep the system’s frequency stable so that supply and demand are balanced. In a traditional grid system, the controllers installed at the generation side help to control the system’s frequency. These generators have capital installation costs that are not desirable for system operators. Therefore, this article proposed a comprehensive control framework to enable high penetration of DG while still providing adequate frequency response. This is accomplished by investigating a grasshopper optimization algorithm-based (GOA) fuzzy PD-PI controller (FPD-PI) for analyzing frequency control and optimizing the FPD-PI controller gains to minimize the frequency fluctuations. In this paper, interconnected hybrid power systems (HPS) are considered. In this study, the response of a system is analyzed, and the results validate that the oscillations in frequency are substantially reduced by the proposed controller. Moreover, our model is the best option for controlling frequency instead of conventional controllers, as it is efficient and fast to regulate frequency by switching the preferred loads on or off.