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Solar-driven CO 2 hydrogenation reactions are an attractive approach for the production of chemicals in the CO 2 utilization. We emphasize the importance of reliable temperature measurements for assessing catalyst performance and report the effect of uneven temperature distribution on the product selectivity of the CO 2 hydrogenation reaction of Ru/TiO 2 catalysts, as well as the CO 2 hydrogenation reaction of Ru/TiO 2 catalysts in dark and under UV, visible IR, and full-spectrum light conditions. Full-spectrum utilization exhibits higher activity at the same temperature. In situ diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy (DRIFTS) and density functional theory (DFT) calculations clarify the reaction pathway of CO 2 hydrogenation to methane, revealing that UV and visible infrared light promote the adsorption and activation processes at different stages along the chemical reaction pathway, respectively. These findings can facilitate additional innovative ideas for the mechanism study and future development of next-generation photothermal catalysts based on full-spectrum utilization. • Uncovering the misclassification of product selectivity due to heterogeneous temperature distribution on the catalyst. • Revealing the mechanism of action of different spectral light on the CO 2 hydrogenation reaction on Ru/TiO 2 catalysts. • This work provides a rigorous means of measuring catalyst temperature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Evidence has accumulated that Cannabis-derived compounds have the potential to treat neuroinflammatory changes present in neurodevelopmental conditions such as autism spectrum disorder. However, research is needed on the specific brain health benefits of strains of whole Cannabis extract that are ready for commercial production. Here, we explore the anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects of NTI-164, a genetically unique high-cannabidiol (CBD), low-Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol extract, and also CBD alone on BV-2 microglia and SHSY-5Y neurons. Inflammation-induced up-regulation of microglial inflammatory markers was significantly attenuated by NTI-164, but not by CBD. NTI-164 promoted undifferentiated neuron proliferation and differentiated neuron survival under excitotoxic conditions. These effects suggest the potential for NTI-164 as a treatment for neuropathologies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study addresses the intricate challenge of detecting and localizing transverse cracks in rotors supported by active magnetic bearings (AMBs). Rotor systems in machinery demand accurate fault identification without halting operations, a task accomplished through signal-based analysis. Vibration signals, reflecting the mechanical state during operation, serve as valuable information sources for condition assessment. The significance of this study lies in its dual objectives: identification and localization of rotor cracks. Unlike existing techniques that often focus solely on crack identification, this work ventures into the challenging domain of precise localization. An innovative and novel proof-by-negation method is introduced, enabling the identification algorithm to pinpoint crack positions. This methodology offers a breakthrough by efficiently addressing the intricate problem of accurate localization within the dynamic rotor system. The study's methodology involves a comprehensive approach, combining finite element modeling, synthetic vibration response generation, and advanced identification techniques. The algorithm's efficacy is demonstrated through simulations using MATLAB-based finite element models, encompassing both conventionally supported and AMB-supported rotor configurations. Synthetic responses are extracted and processed to validate the algorithm's effectiveness in identifying and localizing cracks. The results showcase the algorithm's robustness and accuracy. In AMB-supported rotor systems, the algorithm successfully estimates key parameters such as crack stiffness and position. By manipulating a flag vector, the proof-by-negation approach accurately locates the crack along the rotor's axis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Broadening spectral response range to realize the full spectrum photocatalysis is crucial to develop photocatalysts with satisfactory light-energy conversion ability. A full-spectrum driven p-n heterojunction photocatalytic system was rationally designed through introducing the Er3+/Yb3+ co-doped BiOBr with up-conversion effect as the collector of near infrared light and photocatalysts substrate. Meanwhile, Cu3Mo2O9 with the photothermal effect as a heat source to accelerate the reaction at the surface through absorbing the near infrared light. The photocatalytic activity of BiOBr:Yb3+,Er3+/Cu3Mo2O9 composite was markedly strengthened under visible and near infrared light irradiation, and the BiOBr:Yb3+,Er3+/Cu3Mo2O9-5 composite displayed the optimal photodegradation activities for 0.03372 min−1 and 0.058 h−1, being 2.3-folds and 2.4-folds than that of pure BiOBr:Yb3+,Er3+ under the visible and near infrared light, respectively. The position of doped ions (Yb3+ and Er3+) in BiOBr:Yb3+,Er3+ was determined from the X-ray absorption fine structure spectra. And the reasonable mechanism of p-n heterojunction was proposed base on the results of experimental and density functional theory calculation. This work provides a rational strategy for the design and development of full-spectrum heterojunction photocatalysts with the up-conversion and photothermal effects to increase the photocatalytic performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The thermodynamic characteristics, antioxidant potential, and photoprotective benefits of full‐spectrum cannabidiol (FS‐CBD) against UVB‐induced cellular death were examined in this study. In silico analysis of CBD showed antioxidant capacity via proton donation and UV absorption at 209.09, 254.73, and 276.95 nm, according to the HAT and SPLET methodologies. FS‐CBD protected against UVB‐induced bacterial death for 30 min. FS‐CBD protected against UVB‐induced cell death by 42% (1.5 μg/mL) and 35% (3.5 μg/mL) in an in vitro keratinocyte cell model. An in vivo acute irradiated CD‐1et/et mouse model (UVB‐irradiated for 5 min) presented very low photoprotection when FS‐CBD was applied cutaneously, as determined by histological analyses. In vivo skin samples showed that FS‐CBD regulated inflammatory responses by inhibiting the inflammatory markers TGF‐β1 and NLRP3. The docking analysis showed that the CBD molecule had a high affinity for TGF‐β1 and NLRP3, indicating that protection against inflammation might be mediated by blocking these proinflammatory molecules. This result was corroborated by the docking interactions between CBD and TGF‐β1 and NLRP3, which resulted in a high affinity and inhibition of both proteins The present work suggested a FS‐CBD moderate photoprotective agent against UVB light‐induced skin damage and that this effect is partially mediated by its anti‐inflammatory activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper investigates on developing a novel model-based identification technique for the simultaneous identification of severe faults such as the unbalance in the rotor and transverse crack in the shaft supported on foil bearings. With plenty of advantages over rolling element bearings or fluid film bearings, foil bearings have been used as the supported bearings in rotating machines such as fuel cell-electric air compressors, blowers, expanders, air cycle machines, etc. In the present article, a rotor model consisting of a cracked and unbalanced rotor with a disc in the middle supported by foil bearings has been considered for easier understanding of online identification of faults in high-speed rotating machines. Dynamic equations of motion of the rotor-foil bearing system have been derived based on the equivalent stiffness concept of shaft-foil bearing, inertia force, unbalance force, and crack force relying on the switching crack concept. The solutions of the equations, i.e., time domain displacement responses, orbit plots, etc. have been obtained numerically using the Simulink inbuilt Runge-Kutta method for different values of spin speed of the rotor and ramp-up speeds. The shaft centreline orbit is found to have eight shaped and asymmetric about the axes due to presence of crack and unbalance faults. The force due to unbalance fault gets dominated over the crack force at the higher speeds. Moreover, the orbit line is also observed to be thicker at higher level of noise addition in the responses. As the switching crack force contains multiple harmonics, a full spectrum analysis has been done to investigate both the forward and backward rotor whirls. The frequencybased rotor displacement is utilized to illustrate an identification algorithm for the estimation of the dynamic coefficients of foil bearings, additive crack stiffness, and magnitude as well as phase of disc unbalance. The identification algorithm is found to be quite suitable for the estimation of system and faults parameters even with addition of different levels of noise signal and modelling errors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Evidence has accumulated that Cannabis-derived compounds have the potential to treat neuroinflammatory changes present in neurodevelopmental conditions such as autism spectrum disorder. However, research is needed on the specific brain health benefits of strains of whole Cannabis extract that are ready for commercial production. Here, we explore the anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects of NTI-164, a genetically unique high-cannabidiol (CBD), low-Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol extract, and also CBD alone on BV-2 microglia and SHSY-5Y neurons. Inflammation-induced up-regulation of microglial inflammatory markers was significantly attenuated by NTI-164, but not by CBD. NTI-164 promoted undifferentiated neuron proliferation and differentiated neuron survival under excitotoxic conditions. These effects suggest the potential for NTI-164 as a treatment for neuropathologies.

Effective utilization of solar energy is of great significance for a sustainable future. Herein, we report a cascade system for hydrogen-electricity co-production (PH-PV) utilizing solar full spectrum. The output performance of the system can be precisely adjusted by controlling certain parameters of liquid spectral beam splitter (LSBS) which contains TiO 2 nanoparticle suspension simultaneously generating hydrogen via a photocatalytic reaction process. Typically, the thickness of LSBS, the loading amount of TiO 2 , the flowrate of suspension and the light intensity have been investigated in detail. It is found that LSBS is necessary in our system as it could ensure the safe operation of PV while the light intensities larger than 8 suns. With the decrease of the thickness or loading amount of photocatalyst, more electricity could be produced by PV module but less hydrogen from PH module. Further increase of above two parameters simultaneously could lead to aggregation and settlement of particle suspension in LSBS, which is detrimental to the optical absorbance of the system. Besides, changing the flowrate will diversify the surface features of particles by shear-induced effect. At optimal flowrate, the particles in LSBS could exhibit oscillation characteristics under synergistic effect of shear force and gravity, which would lead to excellent light absorption and transmittance. Furthermore, an obvious gain for both hydrogen and electricity output and system efficiency could be obtained through increasing light intensity appropriately. Finally, the improved merit function (MF) was employed to evaluate the performance of hybrid system and more obvious effect of flowrate on MF value than other parameters was found. The optimal MF value of 3.07 was reached when flowrate was 60 mL/min. Our work is expected to provide important guidance for the optimization of PH-PV cascade system driven by outdoor direct solar energy. • A novel PH-PV system was designed, the photon efficiency of PV in UV part was 14.8 %, less than PH of 39 %. • The optimum efficiency of 3.28 % was obtained when the loading was 0.2 mg/mL and the thickness was 4 mm. • The MF of 3.07 was reached when flowrate was 60 mL/min, it fluctuated less as light intensity changed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article analyzes the research progress of pulsed light emitting diode (LED) light sources and aims to produce different wavelength pulse LED light source light panels, and to measure the variation of photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD) at 25 cm below the lamp panel with the change of wavelength, frequency, and duty cycle of the light source. Under the condition of fixed light source duty cycle, the variation of photosynthetic rate with frequency was studied, and it was found that under different wavelengths, the plant photosynthetic rate had its respective optimized frequency; under the condition of fixed light source frequency, the variation of photosynthetic rate with duty cycle was studied, and it was found that under different duty cycles, the plant photosynthetic rate had its respective optimized duty cycle. Because its PPFD cannot be kept constant with the change of duty cycle and frequency under the condition of fixed frequency or duty cycle, the concept of photocarbon capa- bility is proposed with photocarbon capability=photosynthetic rate PPFD-1 =Pn PPFD-1, its biological significance is how many carbon dioxide molecules can be stimulated by a photon energy to photosynthesis. Under the condition of fixed light source duty cycle, the variation of photocarbon capacity with frequency change was studied. Each type of light source has a corresponding optimized frequency, corresponding to the maximum photosynthetic rate under this type of light source; each type of light source has a corresponding optimized frequency, corresponding to obtaining the maximum PPFD under this type of light source; each type of light source has a corresponding optimized frequency, which corresponds to the maximum photocarbon capacity under this type of light source. This article proposes a method to measure the corresponding relationship between plant lighting parameters and carbon reduction by proposing light carbon capacity. It is hoped that in the future, optical design can achieve the most economical carbon reduction by optimizing this parameter to obtain the optimal lighting conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The artificial photosynthesis technology has been recognized as a promising solution for CO2 utilization. Photothermal catalysis has been proposed as a novel strategy to promote the efficiency of artificial photosynthesis by coupling both photochemistry and thermochemistry. However, strategies for maximizing the use of solar spectra with different frequencies in photothermal catalysis are urgently needed. Here, a hierarchical full‐spectrum solar light utilization strategy is proposed. Based on this strategy, a Cu@hollow titanium silicalite‐1 zeolite (TS‐1) nanoreactor with spatially separated photo/thermal catalytic sites is designed to realize high‐efficiency photothermal catalytic artificial photosynthesis. The space–time yield of alcohol products over the optimal catalyst reached 64.4 μmol g−1 h−1, with the selectivity of CH3CH2OH of 69.5%. This rationally designed hierarchical utilization strategy for solar light can be summarized as follows: (1) high‐energy ultraviolet light is utilized to drive the initial and difficult CO2 activation step on the TS‐1 shell; (2) visible light can induce the localized surface plasmon resonance effect on plasmonic Cu to generate hot electrons for H2O dissociation and subsequent reaction steps; and (3) low‐energy near‐infrared light is converted into heat by the simulated greenhouse effect by cavities to accelerate the carrier dynamics. This work provides some scientific and experimental bases for research on novel, highly efficient photothermal catalysts for artificial photosynthesis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract The artificial photosynthesis technology has been recognized as a promising solution for CO2 utilization. Photothermal catalysis has been proposed as a novel strategy to promote the efficiency of artificial photosynthesis by coupling both photochemistry and thermochemistry. However, strategies for maximizing the use of solar spectra with different frequencies in photothermal catalysis are urgently needed. Here, a hierarchical full‐spectrum solar light utilization strategy is proposed. Based on this strategy, a Cu@hollow titanium silicalite‐1 zeolite (TS‐1) nanoreactor with spatially separated photo/thermal catalytic sites is designed to realize high‐efficiency photothermal catalytic artificial photosynthesis. The space–time yield of alcohol products over the optimal catalyst reached 64.4 μmol g−1 h−1, with the selectivity of CH3CH2OH of 69.5%. This rationally designed hierarchical utilization strategy for solar light can be summarized as follows: (1) high‐energy ultraviolet light is utilized to drive the initial and difficult CO2 activation step on the TS‐1 shell; (2) visible light can induce the localized surface plasmon resonance effect on plasmonic Cu to generate hot electrons for H2O dissociation and subsequent reaction steps; and (3) low‐energy near‐infrared light is converted into heat by the simulated greenhouse effect by cavities to accelerate the carrier dynamics. This work provides some scientific and experimental bases for research on novel, highly efficient photothermal catalysts for artificial photosynthesis.

In order to attain phosphor ceramics with a high Color-Rendering Index (CRI), samples with the composition of Y0.997−xRexCe0.003)3(Al0.9748 Mn2+0.024Cr3+0.0012)5O12(Rex = 0, Gd0.333, Gd0.666, Gd0.997, Tb0.333, Tb0.666, Tb0.997 and Lu0.997 were prepared by solid-state reaction and vacuum sintering, and exhibited potential for high-quality, solid-state lighting. Doping with Cr3+ and Mn2+ effectively enhanced the red component of Ce3+ spectra through the intense energy transfer from Ce3+ ions to Mn2+/Cr3+ ions. The crystal field splitting of [GdO8] and [TbO8] was more extensive than that of [YO8], causing a massive redshift in the Ce3+ emission peaks from 542 to 561 and 595 nm, while [LuO8] had an opposite effect and caused a blueshift with a peak position at 512 nm. White LED devices incorporating Ce/Mn/Cr: (Gd0.333Y0.664)3Al5O12 phosphor ceramic exhibited a high CRI of 83.97, highlighting the potential for enhancing the red-light component of white LED lighting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Developing full‐spectrum photocatalysts with simultaneous broadband light absorption, excellent charge separation, and high redox capabilities is becoming increasingly significant. Herein, inspired by the similarities in crystalline structures and compositions, a unique 2D–2D Bi4O5I2/BiOBr:Yb3+,Er3+ (BI‐BYE) Z‐scheme heterojunction with upconversion (UC) functionality is successfully designed and fabricated. The co‐doped Yb3+ and Er3+ harvest near‐infrared (NIR) light and then convert it into visible light via the UC function, expanding the optical response range of the photocatalytic system. The intimate 2D–2D interface contact provides more charge migration channels and enhances the Förster resonant energy transfer of BI‐BYE, leading to significantly improved NIR light utilization efficiency. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations and experimental results confirm that the Z‐scheme heterojunction is formed and that this heterojunction endows the BI‐BYE heterostructure with high charge separation and strong redox capability. Benefit from these synergies, the optimized 75BI‐25BYE heterostructure exhibits the highest photocatalytic performance for Bisphenol A (BPA) degradation under full‐spectrum and NIR light irradiation, outperforming BYE by 6.0 and 5.3 times, respectively. This work paves an effective approach for designing highly efficient full‐spectrum responsive Z‐scheme heterojunction photocatalysts with UC function. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Developing full‐spectrum photocatalysts with simultaneous broadband light absorption, excellent charge separation, and high redox capabilities is becoming increasingly significant. Herein, inspired by the similarities in crystalline structures and compositions, a unique 2D–2D Bi4O5I2/BiOBr:Yb3+,Er3+ (BI‐BYE) Z‐scheme heterojunction with upconversion (UC) functionality is successfully designed and fabricated. The co‐doped Yb3+ and Er3+ harvest near‐infrared (NIR) light and then convert it into visible light via the UC function, expanding the optical response range of the photocatalytic system. The intimate 2D–2D interface contact provides more charge migration channels and enhances the Förster resonant energy transfer of BI‐BYE, leading to significantly improved NIR light utilization efficiency. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations and experimental results confirm that the Z‐scheme heterojunction is formed and that this heterojunction endows the BI‐BYE heterostructure with high charge separation and strong redox capability. Benefit from these synergies, the optimized 75BI‐25BYE heterostructure exhibits the highest photocatalytic performance for Bisphenol A (BPA) degradation under full‐spectrum and NIR light irradiation, outperforming BYE by 6.0 and 5.3 times, respectively. This work paves an effective approach for designing highly efficient full‐spectrum responsive Z‐scheme heterojunction photocatalysts with UC function.

Designing highly efficient full-spectrum responsive Z-scheme heterojunction for wastewater decontamination and disinfection is urgently essential. Herein, a novel Z-scheme g-C 3 N 4 /WO 3-x heterojunction was successfully synthesized by a facile wet impregnation method for the highly efficient photocatalytic degradation and sterilization. Benefiting from the accelerated charge separation, broadened light absorption to near infrared region, and appropriate band energy, optimized g-C 3 N 4 /WO 3-x heterojunction exhibited photocatalytic degradation of 86.3 % and 97.4 % tetracycline in 2 h under visible light and full-spectrum light, respectively. Meanwhile, 6.5-log of Escherichia coli strains could also be inactivated by optimized g-C 3 N 4 /WO 3-x heterojunction within 45 min and 15 min under visible light and full-spectrum light, respectively. Impressively, it also exhibited desirable anti-interference ability and satisfying photocatalytic degradation capacity with various key experimental parameters. The plausible degradation pathways of TC and the main active species involved in the photocatalysis were investigated based on liquid chromatography-mass spectrometer (LC-MS) and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) analysis. Mineralization process of TC was further confirmed by three-dimensional fluorescence spectra (3D EMMs). Besides, Toxicity Estimation Software Tool (T.E.S.T.) and Ecological Structure-Activity Relationships (ECOSAR) program were applied to predict the noxiousness of TC and its potential intermediates. The results suggested that the excitotoxicity of intermediates generally decreased relative to the pristine TC. Finally, we propose a plausible enhancement mechanism of photocatalytic degradation and sterilization. This work sheds a new light on the design of novel full-spectrum responsive Z-scheme heterojunction for environmental remediation. [Display omitted] • A novel full-spectrum responsive Z-scheme g-C 3 N 4 /WO 3-x heterojunction was constructed. • Efficiency of photocatalytic TC degradation and sterilization was demonstrated. • LC-MS and 3D EMMs were applied to analyze the degradation pathway of TC. • Ecotoxicity of TC and intermediates were predicted by T.E.S.T and ECOSAR program. • Systematic investigation of mechanistic enhancement was done. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Solar lighting technologies can lead sunlight into indoor actively, which has been proved that has great potential to reduce electric lighting consumption and create a healthy visual environment. In this paper, a mathematics model was developed to explore performance characteristics and economic applicability of solar lighting/heating system that combine ordinary solar lighting system with nanofluids to spectroscopically utilize sunlight. The results show that the luminous efficiency of output visible light can reach at 242 lm/W, which is 1.62–2.42 times higher than that of current LED light. Moreover, it can be found that the energy-saving capacity of this system is remarkable when used in most areas of China. As for Harbin, its annual total solar radiation ranges 4190 MJ/m2 to 5020 MJ/m2, the system's annual output energy (per square meter of collection area) is 188.15 kW•h for daylighting and 248.2 kW•h for domestic hot water. Besides, the integrated using of infrared radiation can improve the economy of solar lighting technologies by calculating the comprehensive price of unit output energy.

Autofluorescence (AF) is an intrinsic characteristic of cells caused by the presence of fluorescent biological compounds within the cell; these can include structural proteins (e.g., collagen and elastin), cellular organelles, and metabolites (e.g., aromatic amino acids). In flow cytometric studies, the presence of AF can lead to reduced antigen and population resolution, as well as the presence of artifacts due to false positive events. Here, we describe a methodology that uses the inherent ability of full spectrum cytometry to treat AF as a fluorochrome and to thereby separate it from the other fluorochromes of the assay. This method can be applied to complex inflamed tissues; for instance, in regenerating skeletal muscle we have developed a 16‐color panel targeting highly autofluorescent myeloid cells. This represents a first step toward overcoming technological limitations in flow cytometry due to AF. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Developing ultraviolet (UV), visible (Vis) and near-infrared (NIR) responsive photocatalysts for Cr(VI) reduction is valuable. Herein, a 0-dimensional/1-dimensional (0D/1D) S-scheme Ag 2 S/BiSI hetero-structured photocatalyst was successfully synthesized, which displays greatly enhanced Cr(VI) removal activity either under UV, Vis or NIR light irradiation. In-situ characterization technique and theoretical calculation confirm that an internal electric field (IEF), directing from Ag 2 S to BiSI, exists between the interface, which facilitates the spatial-oriented separation of photoirradiated carriers. Furthermore, the immobilization of Cr 2 O 7 2- and the transformation from *Cr 2 O 7 2- to *CrO 3 H 2 S or BiSI. This work gives a comprehensive insight on the design of full spectrum responsive S-scheme photocatalysts for heavy metal removal.2 S/BiSI heterostructure is much more favorable than that on the surface of single Ag 2 S or BiSI. This work gives a comprehensive insight on the design of full spectrum responsive S-scheme photocatalysts for heavy metal removal., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Although spectral flow cytometry has become a ubiquitous tool for cell analysis, the use of spectral cytometry on cell sorters requires additional considerations arising from the unique requirements of sorting workflows. Here, we show that care should be taken when ascertaining the purity of a sort on a spectral cell sorter, as the mismatch of buffers used for initial sample suspension and the buffers used for sort collection can affect the unmixing of the data, potentially giving rise to erroneous purity check results., (© 2024 The Author(s). Cytometry Part A published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Society for Advancement of Cytometry.)

Abstract The sluggish full visible light response of organic supramolecular catalysts is a challenge that greatly restricts their development in the photocatalytic field. Herein, we successfully fabricated a K, Cl‐codoped Bi2WO6/perylene‐diimide(PDI) catalyst with a novel, general, and facile ultrasound assisted water bath heating method. The UV adsorption onset of K, Cl‐codoped Bi2WO6/PDI is redshifted from 750 to 760 nm compared with that of the heterojunction of Bi2WO6/PDI. Under visible light, the phenol is thoroughly mineralized into CO2 and H2O, and the phenol degradation rate was three times higher than that of pure Bi2WO6/PDI. The electrons transfer from PDI to K‐ and Cl‐codoped Bi2WO6/PDI according to the charge density difference calculation. The built‐in potential of K‐ and Cl‐codoped Bi2WO6/PDI could increase from 2.09 to 5.54 eV. The excellent full visible light spectrum photooxidation of phenol is attributed to the suitably strong built‐in potential at the heterojunction between PDI and K, Cl‐codoped Bi2WO6.

Mechanical unbalance is a phenomenon that concerns rotating elements, including rotors in electrical machines. An unbalanced rotor generates vibration, which is transferred to the machine body. The vibration contributes to reducing drive system reliability and, as a consequence, leads to frequent downtime. Therefore, from an economic point of view, monitoring the unbalance of rotating elements is justified. In this paper, the rotor unbalance of a drive system with a permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) was physically modelled using a specially developed shield, with five test masses fixed at the motor shaft. The analysed diagnostic signal was mechanical vibration. Unbalance was detected using selected signal analysis methods, such as frequency-domain methods (classical spectrum analysis FFT and a higher-order bispectrum method) and two methods applied in technical diagnostics (order analysis and orbit method). The efficiency of unbalance symptom detection using these four methods was compared for the frequency controlled PMSM. The properties of the analysed diagnostic methods were assessed and compared in terms of their usefulness in rotor unbalance diagnosis, and the basic features characterizing the usefulness of these methods were determined depending on the operating conditions of the drive. This work could have a significant impact on the process of designing diagnostic systems for PMSM drives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: A total‐spectrum‐utilizing integrated photovoltaic (PV), thermoelectric (TEG), and thermal energy storage fluid (TES) solar energy converter (PV‐TEG‐TES) with novel device architecture is proposed, and its performance is modeled to demonstrate its viability and optimize its system‐level design. By incorporating a top‐layer GaAs PV, ultraviolet and visible light is absorbed and converted directly to electricity, while infrared radiation passes through the PV. This infrared radiation is then captured by the TEG and TES layers to supply additional electricity or to be stored as thermal energy. In addition, the TEG converts to electricity otherwise wasted heat from thermalization of photons within the PV layer, and the TES effectively cools the PV, keeping it within adequate operating temperatures. According to analysis predicting upper bound performance, this PV‐TEG‐TES device can outperform the electrical conversion efficiency of a single GaAs solar cell module by 1.9 percentage points (from 24.1% for PV alone to 26.0% for the combined device, a relative 7.9% improvement), and can convert and store a total of 79.3% of incident solar energy under a concentration ratio of 673 suns per direct solar spectrum. An analytical framework using a successive overrelaxation technique for solutions to the nonlinearly coupled radiative, thermal, fluid, and electrical phenomena in such a PV‐TEG‐TES device is also discussed, offering a starting point for practical device parameters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We report a cuprous oxide (Cu 2 O) decorated reduced graphene oxide (rGO) supported titanium dioxide (TiO 2) (Cu 2 O-rGO/TiO 2) catalysts, which can absorb full spectrum solar light in an innovative way. The result of photothermal catalytic hydrogen evolution rate is about 4.7 times that of the sum of the photocatalytic and thermal reactions. The photothermal synergetic effect promotes the photo-generated electron-holes separation through the rGO due to the temperature rising, and accelerates the reaction rates on the catalyst surface in hydrogen evolution process simultaneously. [Display omitted] Reduced graphene oxide (rGO) has conspicuous photothermal characteristics in photothermal applications. Thus in our previous work, we used reduced graphene oxide (rGO) supported titanium dioxide (TiO 2) nanocomposite (rGO/TiO 2) to absorb the ultraviolet and infrared light in the photothermal hydrogen evolution process. In order to make use of the full spectrum solar energy into other clear energy, the visible light should be also considered in following research. Herein, we report a cuprous oxide (Cu 2 O) decorated reduced graphene oxide (rGO) supported titanium dioxide (TiO 2) (Cu 2 O-rGO/TiO 2) catalysts, which can absorb full spectrum solar light in an innovative way. The Cu 2 O-rGO/TiO 2 catalyst is synthesized through a one-step hydrothermal method. The rates of hydrogen evolution are 17800 μmol·g-1h−1 under photothermal condition (90°C), 3800 μmol·g-1h−1 under photocatalysis condition only (25°C) and 0 μmol·g-1h−1 under thermal catalysis condition only. The result of photothermal catalytic hydrogen evolution rate is about 4.7 times that of the sum of the photocatalytic and thermal reactions. The photothermal synergetic effect promotes the photo-generated electron-holes separation through the rGO due to the temperature rising, and accelerates the reaction rates on the catalyst surface in hydrogen evolution process simultaneously. This work could provide us a new promising way for the conversion of full spectrum solar energy to hydrogen energy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the development of society, energy shortage and environmental problems have become more and more outstanding. Solar energy is a clean and sustainable energy resource, potentially driving energy conversion and environmental remediation reactions. Thus, solar‐driven chemistry is an attractive way to solve the two problems. Photothermal chemistry (PTC) is developed to achieve full‐spectral utilization of the solar radiation and drive chemical reactions more efficiently under relatively mild conditions. In this review, the mechanisms of PTC are summarized from the aspects of thermal and non‐thermal effects, and then the interaction and synergy between these two effects are sorted out. In this paper, distinguishing and quantifying these two effects is discussed to understand PTC processes better and to design PTC catalysts more methodically. However, PTC is still a little far away from practical. Herein, several key points, which must be considered when pushing ahead with the engineering application of PTC, are proposed, along with some workable suggestions on the practical application. This review provides a unique perspective on PTC, focusing on the synergistic effects and pointing out a possible direction for practical application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AgCl/Bi25 Fe040 composites loaded with different mass fractions of AgCl were prepared by the hydrothermal-sonochemical method. The microstructure, crystal phase composition and optical absorption properties of the composites were characterized by XRD, SEM-EDS, UV-Vis DRS and PL spectra. The photocatalytic degradation of Rhodamine B was also carried out. The results showed that Bi25 Fe040 was a cubic structure with a diameter of 0. 8 ~ to µm. AgCl was uniformly loaded on Bi25 Fe040 with a diameter of 90 ~ 130 nm. The combination of the two materials broadens the photo response range of the single material and improves the photocatalytic activity of Bi25Fe040. 0. 1 g AgCl/Bi25Fe040 was added to degrade 100 mL 15 mg/ L Rhodamine B solution, when the mass fraction of loaded AgCl was 51. 8 %, the degradation rate reached 94. 4% in 75 min and Rhodamine B could be completely degraded in 90 min. In addition, the degradation mechanism of AgCl / Bi25Fe040 was analyzed. It was considered that h +, e -, H20 2 and· 0 2 - are the main active groups of the photocatalysis system to degrade Rhodamine B. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Transmission error (TE) in geared rotors is a predominant source of inherent excitation at the pitch point of the gear meshing. In this paper, a transverse vibration analysis is presented to study the effect of TE on geared rotors. Due to asymmetry in the TE, it is expected to have both forward and backward whirls excited during rotor whirling, which could be used for its detection. This aspect has been envisioned first time in the present work. To capture this, an approach of orienting the line of action of a gear-pair along oblique plane is considered and the mathematical modeling has been performed of a simple spur gear-pair connecting two parallel shafts at its mid-span with an asymmetric TE. To capture the forward and backward whirls, equations of motion are converted into a complex form that facilitates obtaining response in full spectrum. The response of system model with assumed transmission error and gear-pair parameters has been obtained through a numerical simulation, which shows distinctly the forward and backward whirls due to the TE. Through a simple test rig experimentation, a similar behaviour was observed in transverse vibrations of geared rotors in the full spectrum, which validate the proposed model.

BACKGROUND The contents of silver, tin, boron, molybdenum, and lead in geological samples are extremely important for studying the metallogenic regularity and for geochemical prospecting. Current analytical methods rarely determine silver, tin, boron, molybdenum, and lead simultaneously. OBJECTIVES To establish a method to simultaneously determine silver, tin, boron, molybdenum and lead in geological samples. METHODS To eliminate the matrix interference, first-class standard materials (rock, soil and water sediments) were used for linear fitting of the synthetic silicate standard materials curve. By setting analytical line conversion values, different analytical line can be used for samples with different contents. RESULTS The detection limits of silver, tin, boron, molybdenum, and lead were 0.0077μg/g, 0.19μg/g, 0.68μg/g, 0.058μg/g, 0.49μg/g, respectively. The precisions of the method were 3.23%-9.39%. The measured value of national first class standard materials including soil, water sediments and rock by this method was in accordance with standard values, with an absolute value of △logC < 0.10. The qualified rates of actual sample were 92%-98%, and the qualified rate of the inspection sample was 100%. CONCLUSIONS This method is easy to apply and can be used to analyze samples rapidly. It can also be used to avoid contamination during sample dilution. Compared with traditional atomic emission spectrometry that uses a single analytical spectrum line, this method can be used to obtain a value which is closer to the standard value of national standard materials. The detection limit of this method is much lower than the standard value of the specification of testing quality management for geological laboratories.

Abstract With the development of society, energy shortage and environmental problems have become more and more outstanding. Solar energy is a clean and sustainable energy resource, potentially driving energy conversion and environmental remediation reactions. Thus, solar‐driven chemistry is an attractive way to solve the two problems. Photothermal chemistry (PTC) is developed to achieve full‐spectral utilization of the solar radiation and drive chemical reactions more efficiently under relatively mild conditions. In this review, the mechanisms of PTC are summarized from the aspects of thermal and non‐thermal effects, and then the interaction and synergy between these two effects are sorted out. In this paper, distinguishing and quantifying these two effects is discussed to understand PTC processes better and to design PTC catalysts more methodically. However, PTC is still a little far away from practical. Herein, several key points, which must be considered when pushing ahead with the engineering application of PTC, are proposed, along with some workable suggestions on the practical application. This review provides a unique perspective on PTC, focusing on the synergistic effects and pointing out a possible direction for practical application.

Submarines are pressing their way back to the top of the maritime agenda. To deal with the burgeoning submarine threat, the full spectrum approach to anti-submarine warfare has been developed. Its ten threads hope to defeat – as opposed to destroy – hostile submarines. This paper will explore the historical evidence surrounding the full spectrum approach. It will argue that the historical evidence for many of the threads is weak, but that when the fundamentals of submarine warfare are considered many of the lessons of WW1 and WW2 may still be relevant to today's practitioners. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Magnetic flux sensors in particular, combined with appropriate signal processing techniques, create excellent opportunities for extracting significant information for fault diagnosis of induction motors. Recent research has opened the possibility of simultaneously obtaining magnetic flux signals displaced approximately 90° in time. This makes it possible to correlate the stray magnetic flux from different transducers. In this scenario, the Full Spectrum technique, widely used for vibration signals, can become a useful tool for displaying the relationship between different magnetic flux components in the frequency domain. Taking this into account, this work proposes the use of the filtered orbit, modified and obtained from the Full Spectrum, for interpreting the magnetic flux signals. This was done for the motor working under inter turn short circuits (three, six and nine turns short), unbalanced voltage fault or without fault conditions at different loads. Two characteristic frequencies of faults were considered, 180 Hz and 420 Hz. The experimental results showed the viability of the application of the technique and made it possible to identify the severity and the distinction of the faults studied as the orbital area and the direction of rotation were changed due to the presence of the fault. For example, for the incipient failure (three turns short), considering all loads, the orbit area at 180 Hz increased no less than 92% and the unbalanced voltage by no less than 885%. Additionally, the pattern of the orbit rotation at 420 Hz, was also affected by the operating condition of the motor under unbalanced voltage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The sluggish full visible light response of organic supramolecular catalysts is a challenge that greatly restricts their development in the photocatalytic field. Herein, we successfully fabricated a K, Cl‐codoped Bi2WO6/perylene‐diimide(PDI) catalyst with a novel, general, and facile ultrasound assisted water bath heating method. The UV adsorption onset of K, Cl‐codoped Bi2WO6/PDI is redshifted from 750 to 760 nm compared with that of the heterojunction of Bi2WO6/PDI. Under visible light, the phenol is thoroughly mineralized into CO2 and H2O, and the phenol degradation rate was three times higher than that of pure Bi2WO6/PDI. The electrons transfer from PDI to K‐ and Cl‐codoped Bi2WO6/PDI according to the charge density difference calculation. The built‐in potential of K‐ and Cl‐codoped Bi2WO6/PDI could increase from 2.09 to 5.54 eV. The excellent full visible light spectrum photooxidation of phenol is attributed to the suitably strong built‐in potential at the heterojunction between PDI and K, Cl‐codoped Bi2WO6. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) instruments are increasingly recognized as valuable tools for detecting trace metal elements due to their simplicity, rapid detection, and ability to perform simultaneous multi-element analysis. Traditional LIBS modeling often relies on empirical or machine learning-based feature band selection to establish quantitative models. In this study, we introduce a novel approach—simultaneous multi-element quantitative analysis based on the entire spectrum, which enhances model establishment efficiency and leverages the advantages of LIBS. By logarithmically processing the spectra and quantifying the cognitive uncertainty of the model, we achieved remarkable predictive performance (R2) for trace elements Mn, Mo, Cr, and Cu (0.9876, 0.9879, 0.9891, and 0.9841, respectively) in stainless steel. Our multi-element model shares features and parameters during the learning process, effectively mitigating the impact of matrix effects and self-absorption. Additionally, we introduce a cognitive error term to quantify the cognitive uncertainty of the model. The results suggest that our approach has significant potential in the quantitative analysis of trace elements, providing a reliable data processing method for efficient and accurate multi-task analysis in LIBS. This methodology holds promising applications in the field of LIBS quantitative analysis. [Display omitted] • Logarithmic transformation reduces uncertainty in LIBS spectral data. • Quantification of the model's uncertainty is performed, aiding in the comprehensive quantitative analysis. • A small-sample full-spectrum multi-element quantitative model shows superior stability and robustness over single-element models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Given the cascade utilization of photon energy, concentrating spectral beam splitting hybrid conversion technology is one of the state-of-the-art solar energy harvesting schemes. In this paper, a novel photovoltaic-thermochemical hybrid system based on a Cassegrain concentrator is proposed for ameliorating optical efficiency and thermochemical conversion under spectral splitting. On this basis, solar energy penetration is improved by concentrating optimization and reactant flow regulation. A specially developed splitter is used to allocate different radiation bands, allowing for the thermochemical storage of photovoltaic loss at mid/low temperatures. The mathematical method covering ray tracing, parameter optimization, solar multi-effect conversion process, and evaluation is constructed and verified, by which the optical characteristics, thermodynamic regulation, and economic feasibility are quantitatively investigated. The results show that the optical efficiency of 79.2% can be obtained by multi-objective optimization considering the uniformity of energy flux and the deviation of ray incidence angle for the first time. With the assistance of the reactant flow strategy, the hybrid system has a solar-product conversion efficiency of more than 36.4% and a stable exergy conversion capacity under different irradiance conditions. Moreover, the system demonstrates a potential investment return and a controllable levelised cost of electricity. In summary, the research results will contribute to the feasibility of full-spectrum solar absorption and the applicability of dish concentrators in distributed scenarios. • Cassegrain concentrator exhibits impressive adaptability in the SBS hybrid system. • Optical optimization and reactant regulation boost solar energy penetration. • Photon cascade allocation enables energy level enhancement and storage. • Potential for high-grade energy conversion and financial viability is demonstrated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Predictive maintenance, which means detection of failure ahead of time, is one of the pillars of Industry 4.0. An effective method for this technique is to track early signs of degradation before failure occurs. This paper presents an innovative failure predictive scheme for machines. The proposed scheme combines the use of the full spectrum of vibration data from the machines and a data visualization technology. This scheme requires no training data and can be started quickly after installation. First, we proposed to use the full spectrum (as high-dimensional data vectors) with no cropping and no complex feature extraction and to visualize the data behavior by mapping the high-dimensional vectors into a two-dimensional (2D) map. This ensures simplicity of the process and less possibility of overlooking important information as well as provide a human-friendly and human-understandable output. Second, we developed a real-time data tracker that can predict failure at an appropriate time with sufficient allowance for maintenance by plotting real-time frequency spectrum data of the target machine on a 2D map created from normal data. Finally, we verified our proposal using vibration data of bearings from real-world test-to-failure measurements obtained from the IMS dataset. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]