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Məqalədə müasir istilik lokomotivinin bir seksiyasının dartı elektrik ötürməsinin güc dövrəsinin strukturuna baxılmışdır. Dartı və köməkçi generatorun, sinxron təsirləndiricinin, təsirlənmənin idarəolunan düzləndiricisinin, tezlik və gərginliyin statik dartı çeviricisinin, asinxron dartı mühərriklərinin əlaqəli işi təhlil edilmişdir. Əsas elektrik avadanlıqlarının energetik göstəricilərini tədqiq etmək, hesablamalar üçün lazımi qrafik və asılılıqları çıxarmaq üçün Matlab Simulinkdə giriş və çıxış çeviricilərindən və asinxron dartı mühərriklərdən ibarət olan ümumiləşdirilmiş model qurulmuşdur., The article considers the structure of the power circuit of the electric power transmission line of a section of modern thermal engine. The correlation of traction and auxiliary generator, synchronous excitation, impulse controller, static converter of frequency and voltage, asynchronous traction motors was analyzed. A generalized model consisting of input and output converters and asynchronous traction motors have been set up in Matlab Simulink to investigate the energy performance of main electrical equipment, to produce the necessary graphs and dependencies for calculations., В статье рассматривается структура силовой цепи тягового электропривода одной секции современного тепловоза. Проанализированы согласованная работа тягового и вспомогательного генератора, синхронного возбудителя, импульсного регулятора, статического преобразователя частоты и напряжения, асинхронных тяговых двигателей. Для исследова- Elmi Məcmuələr Cild 21, №1-2019 144 ния энергетических характеристик основного электрооборудования, создания необходимых графиков и зависимостей расчетов была создана обобщенная модель в Matlab Simulink, состоящая из входных и выходных преобразователей и асинхронных тяговых двигателей., Научные труды, Выпуск 1 (1-166-2019) 2019, Pages 141-144

A new digital countermeasure against attacks related to the clock frequency is presented. This countermeasure, known as frequency sensor, consists of a local oscillator, a transition detector, a measurement element and an output block. The countermeasure has been designed using a full-custom technique implemented in an Application-Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC), and the implementation has been verified and characterized with an integrated design using a 0.35 μm standard Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor (CMOS) technology (Very Large Scale Implementation—VLSI implementation). The proposed solution is configurable in resolution time and allowed range of period, achieving a minimum resolution time of only 1.91 ns and an initialization time of 5.84 ns. The proposed VLSI implementation shows better results than other solutions, such as digital ones based on semi-custom techniques and analog ones based on band pass filters, all design parameters considered. Finally, a counter has been used to verify the good performance of the countermeasure in avoiding the success of an attack., This work has been supported by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation, and FEDER funds under grant FPA2010-22131-C02-02, and by the Andalusian Innovation, Science and Enterprise Council, under grant P10-TIC-6311.

Frequency pressure sensor based barometric altimeter’s reliability largely depends on the efficiency of self-oscillating circuit frequency-dependent system of "mechanical resonator - excitation system oscillations," which at present are not effectively addressed. Development of methodology for calculating the reliability of such systems is relevant in terms of security and quality of technical objects and systems.The loss of stability of the system can be regarded as its rejection: an unstable system that is on the verge (aperiodic or oscillatory) stability is not workable: any slight deviation leads to its failure. If as a determinant parameter to consider its own oscillation frequency mechanical resonator (vibrating cylinder), then the change in frequency due to physical degradation of frequency-dependent system (aging, pollution, fatigue, wear, etc.) change the determining parameter in time will lead to reaching the limits of sustainability, i.e. the failure of the system. The problem of defining the boundaries of parametric stability in control theory solves the condition of parametric stability of the system.In terms of reliability, when finding the limits of parametric stability of the system considered in achieving this limit defining parameter system, consider the condition of parametric stability of automatic control systems for stationary systems, whose parameters may slowly change over time (by virtue of aging or other causes) that consider these systems as quasi-stationary or non-stationary. Also determine how this condition affects the reliability of the system.Scientific novelty of the work lies in the use of parametric failure criterion of robust stable systems, which combines the classic indicators of reliability of technical systems and the stability criteria for calculating the reliability of frequency-dependent automatic control systems, including barometric altimeters based pressure sensors with mechanical resonators.This criterion will also take into account the physical processes of degradation of the system during its operation the normalization adjusting next time (overhaul period duration).Using parametric failure criterion of robust stable systems allowed developing methodology for calculating barometric altimeters.The practical applicability. When analyzing the reliability of self-oscillating circuit frequency-dependent system of "mechanical resonator - excitation system oscillations' frequency barometric altimeter to use the proposed criterion, considering as a defining parameter own cylinder oscillation frequency mechanical resonator. To approximate mathematical model of frequency changes over time using a linear probability model physically change the natural frequency of a cylindrical cavity in time due to his physical degradation (thickening of the wall of the cylinder due to attached mass condensation and pollution working environment, change of elastic modulus due to fatigue and aging, etc.)., Предлагается методика расчета надежности барометрического высотомера на основе робастного критерия отказа системы; критерий позволяет учитывать процессы физической деградации САК во время ее эксплуатации при нормировании времени следующего подрегулювания (длительности межремонтного периода) и рассчитывать время перехода САК от начала ее функционирования до момента потери параметрической (робастной) устойчивости, ограничивающей допустимое значение назначенного ресурса САК при ее проектировании., Пропонується методика розрахунку надійності барометричного висотоміра на основі робастного критерію відмови системи; критерій дозволяє враховувати процеси фізичної деградації САК під час її експлуатації при нормуванні часу наступного підрегулювання (тривалості міжремонтного періоду) і розраховувати час переходу САК з початку її функціонування до моменту втрати параметричної (робастної) стійкості, що обмежує допустиме значення призначеного ресурсу САК при її проектуванні.

[ES] En este trabajo se analizarán las propiedades de las estructuras conocidas como Cristales Fotónicos Radiales y sus posibles aplicaciones como sensores de frecuencia y posición. Las propiedades de estos dispositivos han sido demostradas para campos electromagnéticos a frecuencias de microondas. Para ello se ha caracterizado un Cristal Fotónico Radial sometido a diferentes campos eléctricos. Los resultados obtenidos de las medidas han sido analizados y comparados con las simulaciones, de este modo el comportamiento del RPC ha quedado demostrado., [EN] In this work, we analyze the properties of the so-called Radial Photonic Crystals and their applications as frequency and as position sensors. The properties of these devices have been demonstrated for electromagnetic fields at microwave frequencies. To achieve this goal, a Radial Photonic Crystal has been characterized under different exciting E-fields. The obtained results has been analyzed and compared with the simulations, so the properly behavior of the RPC has been demonstrated.

Пропонується методика розрахунку надійності барометричного висотоміра на основі робастного критерію відмови системи; критерій дозволяє враховувати процеси фізичної деградації САК під час її експлуатації при нормуванні часу наступного підрегулювання (тривалості міжремонтного періоду) і розраховувати час переходу САК з початку її функціонування до моменту втрати параметричної (робастної) стійкості, що обмежує допустиме значення призначеного ресурсу САК при її проектуванні. Frequency pressure sensor based barometric altimeter’s reliability largely depends on the efficiency of self-oscillating circuit frequency-dependent system of "mechanical resonator - excitation system oscillations," which at present are not effectively addressed. Development of methodology for calculating the reliability of such systems is relevant in terms of security and quality of technical objects and systems. The loss of stability of the system can be regarded as its rejection: an unstable system that is on the verge (aperiodic or oscillatory) stability is not workable: any slight deviation leads to its failure. If as a determinant parameter to consider its own oscillation frequency mechanical resonator (vibrating cylinder), then the change in frequency due to physical degradation of frequency-dependent system (aging, pollution, fatigue, wear, etc.) change the determining parameter in time will lead to reaching the limits of sustainability, i.e. the failure of the system. The problem of defining the boundaries of parametric stability in control theory solves the condition of parametric stability of the system. In terms of reliability, when finding the limits of parametric stability of the system considered in achieving this limit defining parameter system, consider the condition of parametric stability of automatic control systems for stationary systems, whose parameters may slowly change over time (by virtue of aging or other causes) that consider these systems as quasi-stationary or non-stationary. Also determine how this condition affects the reliability of the system. Scientific novelty of the work lies in the use of parametric failure criterion of robust stable systems, which combines the classic indicators of reliability of technical systems and the stability criteria for calculating the reliability of frequency-dependent automatic control systems, including barometric altimeters based pressure sensors with mechanical resonators. This criterion will also take into account the physical processes of degradation of the system during its operation the normalization adjusting next time (overhaul period duration). Using parametric failure criterion of robust stable systems allowed developing methodology for calculating barometric altimeters. The practical applicability. When analyzing the reliability of self-oscillating circuit frequency-dependent system of "mechanical resonator - excitation system oscillations" frequency barometric altimeter to use the proposed criterion, considering as a defining parameter own cylinder oscillation frequency mechanical resonator. To approximate mathematical model of frequency changes over time using a linear probability model physically change the natural frequency of a cylindrical cavity in time due to his physical degradation (thickening of the wall of the cylinder due to attached mass condensation and pollution working environment, change of elastic modulus due to fatigue and aging, etc.). Предлагается методика расчета надежности барометрического высотомера на основе робастного критерия отказа системы; критерий позволяет учитывать процессы физической деградации САК во время ее эксплуатации при нормировании времени следующего подрегулювания (длительности межремонтного периода) и рассчитывать время перехода САК от начала ее функционирования до момента потери параметрической (робастной) устойчивости, ограничивающей допустимое значение назначенного ресурса САК при ее проектировании.

International audience; This paper presents a single-loop 2nd order sigmadelta interface circuit for a bolometer operating in closed-loop mode. Switched capacitor circuitry is developed to implement the sigma-delta structure. The sigma-delta modulator acts both as digital readout circuit and as a mean of heat feedback. The design approach of the sigma-delta structure and the feedback shaping is explained. The circuit is designed for a realization in AMS CMOS 0.35μm technology.