3,095 results on '"fox"'
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2. NEOLİTİK’TEN DEMİR ÇAĞI’NA ANADOLU'DA TİLKİ-İNSAN İLİŞKİLERİ: ZOOARKEOLOJİK VE ETNOARKEOLOJİK BİR DEĞERLENDİRME.
- Author
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DALAR, Muhammed Eyyub
- Abstract
Copyright of Journal of Cultural Studies / Kültür Araştırmaları Dergisi is the property of Journal of Cultural Studies / Kultur Arastirmalari Dergisi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. Effect of skull morphology on fox snow diving.
- Author
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Jisoo Yuk, Pandey, Anupam, Park, Leena, Bemis, William E., and Sunghwan Jung
- Subjects
- *
SKULL morphology , *REYNOLDS number , *RED fox , *DIVING , *LABORATORY mice - Abstract
Certain fox species plunge-dive into snow to catch prey (e.g., rodents), a hunting mechanism called mousing. Red and arctic foxes can dive into snow at speeds ranging between 2 and 4 m/s. Such mousing behavior is facilitated by a slim, narrow facial structure. Here, we investigate how foxes dive into snow efficiently by studying the role of skull morphology on impact forces it experiences. In this study, we reproduce the mousing behavior in the lab using three-dimensional (3D) printed fox skulls dropped into fresh snow to quantify the dynamic force of impact. Impact force into snow is modeled using hydrodynamic added mass during the initial impact phase. This approach is based on two key facts: the added mass effect in granular media at high Reynolds numbers and the characteristics of snow as a granular medium. Our results show that the curvature of the snout plays a critical role in determining the impact force, with an inverse relationship. A sharper skull leads to a lower average impact force, which allows foxes to dive head-first into the snow with minimal tissue damage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. The Taurus Mountains, the Hotspot of Western Palearctic Biodiversity, Is in Danger: Marble Quarries Affect Wildlife.
- Author
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Albayrak, Tamer and Yılmaz, Tamer
- Subjects
- *
WILD boar , *MARBLE , *QUARRIES & quarrying , *LYNX , *PALEARCTIC , *WOLVES , *ANIMAL populations - Abstract
The Taurus Mountains in the Mediterranean Coastal Basin, considered a biodiversity hotspot, have a rich biodiversity in the Western Palearctic. The number of marble quarries in the Taurus Mountains has dramatically expanded over the past ten years. The objectives of this study are to (i) determine the impacts of quarrying on wildlife and (ii) determine the potential impacts of quarrying on the future of Taurus. A total of 57,547 photos and video images were analyzed on 5447 photo-trap days in two areas, the marble quarries and the control areas. Using 97 randomly selected marble quarries, the area they cover and their annual growth rates were determined. The most commonly seen animals were the wolf (Canis lupus), fox (Vulpes vulpes), lynx (Lynx lynx), and wild boar (Sus scrofa) in the control area, and the jackal (Canis aureus) and hare (Lepus europaeus) in the marble quarries (p < 0.001). Additionally, we found a significant positive correlation between the distance from the geographical center of the marble quarries and the number of dates of wolf, fox and wild boar sightings, with a significant negative correlation for hares (p < 0.05). A positive correlation was found between the area of marble quarries and the duration of operation (R = 0.89, p < 0.00). The waste from quarries, which makes up 79.7% of the total land used for this purpose, is the greatest cause of habitat degradation. According to calculations, even if no new marble quarries are built as of right now, 7.14% of the Taurus Mountains may have disappeared by the year 2027, and by the year 2032, 8.25% of the Taurus ecosystems may have disappeared completely. The Taurus Mountains, a center of Western Palearctic biodiversity, are being threatened by marble quarries. This study advances our knowledge of how marble quarries may affect wildlife. New strategies must be developed as soon as possible to protect the Taurus Mountains, the hotspot of the Mediterranean basin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. Ecological factors influencing invasive predator survival and movement: insights from a continental-scale study of feral cats in Australia.
- Author
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Menon, Vishnu, McGregor, Hugh, Giljohann, Kate, Wintle, Brendan, Pascoe, Jack, Robley, Alan, Johnston, Michael, Fancourt, Bronwyn, Bengsen, Andrew, Buckmaster, Tony, Comer, Sarah, Hamer, Rowena, Friend, Tony, Jansen, Jeroen, Zewe, Frances, Fleming, Peter, Ballard, Guy, Moseby, Katherine, Gentle, Matthew, and Scomparin, Cyril
- Abstract
Feral cats (Felis catus) pose a significant global threat to biodiversity, primarily through predation, disease and competition. A key gap in parameterizing models for improving management decisions for feral cat control relates to factors that drive feral cat survival and movement in the wild. Our study objective was to conduct the first continental-scale analysis of survival rates and displacement distances for feral cats. We collated data on 528 feral cats from telemetry studies in naturally-vegetated landscapes across Australia. Using Cox-proportional hazards models, we investigated the effects of sex, presence of larger predators (dingoes, Canis familiaris and introduced foxes, Vulpes vulpes), presence of introduced prey (rabbits, Oryctolagus cuniculus), body mass, landscape productivity and feral cat density on feral cat survival. We also analysed the effects of sex, body mass and landscape productivity on feral cat displacement using linear mixed model analysis. Feral cat survival was positively associated with presence of dingoes and increasing body mass, whereas there was no clear association between feral cat survival and sex, presence of rabbits, or cat density. Presence of foxes had a strong negative effect on feral cat survival, but the hazard ratio was associated with considerable uncertainty. Net displacement of male feral cats was nearly two times further than that of females, and the proportion of feral cats making long-distance movements was greater in landscapes with low productivity. Increasing body mass of feral cats was positively related to net displacement, with heavier cats moving further. Analysis of metadata from telemetry studies can provide valuable insights into wildlife survival rates and movement behaviour. Our findings will help inform the development of effective management strategies and improve feral cat management for biodiversity conservation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
6. Safety evaluation of fox meat and bone meal.
- Author
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TAN Zhan-qing, LI Guang-yu, SUN Wei-li, ZHAO Hai-ping, WEI Han, GAO Ya-wei, SUN ZHAO-yang, and LIU Ke-yuan
- Subjects
- *
CANINE distemper virus , *VETERINARY drug residues , *MATING grounds , *SAFETY standards , *MEALS , *MEAT , *ARSENIC - Abstract
The purpose of the experiment was to study the feasibility of fox carcass as meat and bone meal and evaluate the safety of fox meat and bone meal. Three healthy blue foxes (39 in total) weighing about 15 kg were randomly selected from 13 fox breeding areas in China. Fox carcass (including viscera and toe claws) was made into meat and bone meal by grinding, high-pressure hydrolysis, degreasing, drying, and crushing. Routine nutrients, heavy metals, veterinary drug residues, and canine distemper virus were determined, respectively, and the safety was evaluated. The results showed that the content of crude protein in meat and bone meal was between 55% and 67%, which meets the requirements of crude protein in the first-class index of Bone Meal and Meat and Bone Meal for Feed. The concentrations of lead, arsenic, mercury, cadmium, and chromium meet the requirements of the national standard for the hygiene and safety standards of meat and bone meal. Sulfamethazine, sulfamethoxazole, sulfamethoxazine, sulfadiazine, penicillin, oxytetracycline, and gentamicin meet the standard requirements of maximum residue limits of veterinary drugs in food. The results showed that fox meat and bone meal was rich in nutritional value, and its hygiene and safety indexes met the raw material standard of protein feed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
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7. <italic>A Chymist Among Beasts: Reading Paracelsus Literally</italic> (with a translation of <italic>De lunaticis</italic>, chapter two)
- Author
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Newman, William R.
- Abstract
Paracelsus is an extraordinarily difficult author to interpret, in part because of the seemingly elusive boundary between literal and metaphorical levels of meaning in his work. The present paper argues for a literal reading of Paracelsus, based on comments that he makes in his late
Philosophia de divinis operibus & factis & de secretis naturae. The article also includes a translated chapter from one of the treatises in that work,De lunaticis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
8. Quantification of adulterated fox-derived components in meat products by drop digital polymerase chain reaction
- Author
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Hui Wang, Chen Chen, Yan Zhang, Boxu Chen, Yongyan Li, Wenshen Jia, Jia Chen, and Wei Zhou
- Subjects
Droplet digital PCR ,meat adulteration ,quantitative study ,fox ,artificial adulteration ,Nutrition. Foods and food supply ,TX341-641 ,Food processing and manufacture ,TP368-456 - Abstract
This paper reported a novel approach to quantification of adulterated fox-derived components in meat products by drop digital polymerase chain reaction (ddPCR). By using the F2 gene as the target gene of fox, a single primer was designed to identify the adulteration that had been added either inadvertently or deliberately during the process. In this paper, the fox meat was used as the experimental materials and a relationship was established between fox mass and copy number by extracting DNA and using DNA concentration as an intermediary. The results that across the dynamic range, the relationships between meat mass and DNA concentration were nearly linear (R2 = 0.9986), as was the relationship between DNA concentration and DNA copy number (R2 = 0.9992). Based on the DNA concentration, the following formulas were developed about the relationship between fox meat mass (Mfox) and DNA copy number (C): Mfox = 0.05C + 2.7.
- Published
- 2024
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9. بررسی آلودگی به توکسوکارا کنیس در مدفوع سگها و روباههای استان زنجان با روش PCR میکروسکوپی
- Author
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نسترن السادات طباطباییکیا, علی هانیلو, مهدی کرمیان, and نگین ترابی
- Abstract
BACKGROUND: Toxocara canis is a zoonotic disease that commonly infects canids. Mammals and birds are sometimes infected with this disease as paratenic hosts. It can also cause accidental infection in humans. The increase in the number of stray dogs, the expansion of urban gardens, and the proximity of dogs to humans increase the risk of human infection with Toxocara canis. OBJECTIVES: This study aims to determine the prevalence of Toxocara canis infection in dogs and foxes in Zanjan province, Iran. METHODS: A total of 484 fecal samples of stray dogs (n=355), rescue dogs (n=49), guard dogs (n=50), and foxes (n=30) in Zanjan were randomly collected from June 2021 to February 2022. The microscopic examination was done following formalin-ethyl acetate sedimentation procedures. Finally, the PCR method was used to confirm the presence of Toxocara canis in positive samples. RESULTS: Microscopic study revealed that, out of 484 samples, 21 (4.3%) were positive for Toxocara/Toxascaris eggs. Between these positive samples of dogs and foxes, only 6 samples from dog feces were confirmed as a Toxocara canis infection by the PCR method. CONCLUSIONS: There is an increase in the prevalence of Toxocara canis infection in stray dogs in Zanjan, Iran. Given the presence of dogs in parks and residential areas, there is a risk of human infection with Toxocara canis, emphasizing the importance of adhering to treatment and prevention protocols in dealing with stray dogs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
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10. Establishment and Application of Multiplex PCR Scheme for Simultaneously Distinguishing Muscle Tissues of Mink, Fox, and Raccoon Dog from Conventional Livestock and Poultry.
- Author
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Pan, Yao, Wang, Xuemin, Ma, Wenjie, Li, Hongmei, Sun, Yuxin, Qiu, Jianhua, and Guo, Huijun
- Abstract
It is possible and risky for fur animal carcasses to be mixed into meat products, which is a potential danger for meat quality safety and human health. Therefore, meat validation of quality and constituents is crucial. A variety of methods have been developed to identify muscle tissues of different species. However, most of these methods have the disadvantages of poor repeatability, complex operation and low efficiency, and cannot simultaneously detect multiple species of muscle tissue. The purpose of this study was to construct a multiplex PCR protocol to detect the samples of mink, fox, and raccoon dog. In this study, the specific primers of mink, fox, and raccoon dog were designed according to the variable region sequence of mitochondrial cytochrome b (Cytb) gene. The primers showed good specificity and 50 ℃ was determined as the optimal annealing temperature. The lowest concentration of DNA template of mink, fox, or raccoon dog that could be determined simultaneously by a single tube was 1 pg/µL. Clinical tissue samples detect analysis test results showed that this method could identify whether the tissue samples of three fur animals were mixed from the muscles of chickens, ducks, dogs, cattle, sheep, pigs and rabbits in one PCR reaction simultaneously. In conclusion, the scheme exhibited the advantages of convenient operation, low cost, strong species specificity, high sensitivity, good stability, and repeatability. The systematic optimized inspection process can be applied to meat detection to ensure veterinary public health safety, which has important scientific significance, production, public health, and safety significance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
11. Molecular characterization of Sarcoptes scabiei causing severe mange in two Andean foxes (Lycalopex culpaeus) from Peru.
- Author
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Gomez-Puerta, Luis A., Jara-Vila, Javier, Anampa, Miguel, Garayar, Julia M., Rojas-Anticona, Wendy, and Castillo, Hugo
- Abstract
Cases of sarcoptic mange in the wildlife population have been increasing around the world in recent years. In this study, we report the first case of severe sarcoptic mange in two Andean foxes (Lycalopex culpaeus) and molecularly analyze the collected mites. The National Forestry and Wildlife Service of Lima, Peru, found an adult male Andean fox in the province of Callao in August 2022. The veterinarians decided to euthanize the fox due to the severity of the mange. In August 2023, an adult male Andean fox was found dead in the province of Huaral by veterinarians. Both foxes were sent to the veterinary school in Lima for necropsy. Skin samples from different body zones were digested in buffer lysis, and mites were detected in the tissue samples. A morphological diagnosis identified the mites as Sarcoptes scabiei. The mites from both foxes had the same nuclear (ITS2) and mitochondrial (cox1) genetic marker sequences as the S. scabiei sequences from dogs, vicunas, Andean foxes, and water buffalos recorded in GenBank. Unlike ITS2, phylogenetic analysis of S. scabiei cox1 showed host-related nucleotide sequence polymorphisms. Future molecular studies of S. scabiei from different hosts and localities will be necessary to better understand the transmission of this disease in Andean foxes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
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- View/download PDF
12. 基于可分性改进分组密码SM4 和FOX 的积分区 分器.
- Author
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毛永霞 and 吴文玲
- Subjects
CRYPTOGRAPHY ,INTEGRALS - Abstract
Copyright of Journal of Cryptologic Research (2095-7025) is the property of Editorial Board of Journal of Cryptologic Research and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
13. AFOX: a new adaptive nature-inspired optimization algorithm.
- Author
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ALRahhal, Hosam and Jamous, Razan
- Abstract
Optimization is a common phenomenon that we encounter in our daily routine, which involves selecting the best option from a set of alternatives. A lot of algorithms have been developed, including metaheuristics algorithms, which aim to find solutions close to optimal to solve optimization problems. Many metaheuristic algorithms have been inspired by the behavior of natural phenomena, animals, and biological sciences. This paper proposes a novel nature-based metaheuristic optimization algorithm called Adaptive Fox Optimization (AFOX) Algorithm, which is inspired by the hunting behavior of foxes. The proposed algorithm enhances the FOX algorithm by balancing the exploration and exploitation phases, speeding up convergence to the global solution, and avoiding local optima. The efficacy of the AFOX algorithm was tested on eight classical benchmark functions, the functions of CEC2018, and the functions of the CEC2019 Benchmarks. Moreover, AFOX was applied to solve real-world optimization problems, such as prediction and engineering design problems, and compared with a wide range of metaheuristic algorithms such as variant versions of FOX, the Dragon-Fly Algorithm, particle swarm optimization, Fitness Dependent Optimizer, Grey Wolf Optimization, Whale Optimization Algorithm, Chimp Optimization Algorithm, Butterfly Optimization Algorithm, and Genetic Algorithm. The results demonstrate the effectiveness of the AFOX algorithm in finding optimal solutions with higher accuracy and faster convergence. Thus, the AFOX algorithm is deemed to be highly efficient in solving real-world optimization problems with accuracy and speed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
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14. Discovery and identification of a novel canine coronavirus causing a diarrhea outbreak in Vulpes.
- Author
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Liu, Yuting, Deng, Yao, Niu, Sheng, Zhu, Na, Song, Jingdong, Zhang, Xiaoshuang, Su, Weiting, Nie, Wenhui, Lu, Roujian, Irwin, David M., Gao, George Fu, Wang, Wenling, Wang, Qihui, Tan, Wenjie, and Zhang, Shuyi
- Subjects
- *
SARS-CoV-2 , *BATS , *ANIMAL health , *ALANINE aminopeptidase , *RNA replicase , *DOMESTIC animals , *IDENTIFICATION - Abstract
Cross-species transmission of viruses from wildlife animal reservoirs, such as bats, poses a threat to human and domestic animal health. Previous studies have shown that domestic animals have important roles as intermediate hosts, enabling the transmission of genetically diverse coronaviruses from natural hosts to humans. Here, we report the identification and characterization of a novel canine coronavirus (VuCCoV), which caused an epidemic of acute diarrhea in Vulpes (foxes) in Shenyang, China. The epidemic started on November 8, 2019, and caused more than 39,600 deaths by January 1, 2022. Full-length viral genomic sequences were obtained from 15 foxes with diarrhea at the early stage of this outbreak. The VuCCoV genome shared more than 90% nucleotide identity with canine coronavirus (CCoV) for three of the four structural genes, with the S gene showing a larger amount of divergence. In addition, 67% (10/15) of the VuCCoV genomes contained an open reading frame (ORF3) gene, which was previously only detected in CCoV-I genomes. Notably, VuCCoV had only two to three amino acid differences at the partial RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) level to bat CoV, suggesting a close genetic relationship. Therefore, these novel VuCCoV genomes represent a previously unsampled lineage of CCoVs. We also show that the VuCCoV spike protein binds to canine and fox aminopeptidase N (APN), which may allow this protein to serve as an entry receptor. In addition, cell lines were identified that are sensitive to VuCCoV using a pseudovirus system. These data highlight the importance of identifying the diversity and distribution of coronaviruses in domestic animals, which could mitigate future outbreaks that could threaten livestock, public health, and economic growth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
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15. Use of carrion fly iDNA metabarcoding to monitor invasive and native mammals.
- Author
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Fernandes, Kristen, Bateman, Philip W., Saunders, Benjamin J., Bunce, Michael, Bohmann, Kristine, and Nevill, Paul
- Subjects
- *
ANIMAL carcasses , *MAMMAL populations , *GENETIC barcoding , *FERAL cats , *MAMMALS , *FOXES - Abstract
Severely fragmented habitats increase the risk of extirpation of native mammal populations through isolation, increased edge effects, and predation. Therefore, monitoring the movement of mammal populations through anthropogenically altered landscapes can inform conservation. We used metabarcoding of invertebrate‐derived DNA (iDNA) from carrion flies (Calliphoridae and Sarcophagidae) to track mammal populations in the wheat belt of southwestern Australia, where widespread clearing for agriculture has removed most of the native perennial vegetation and replaced it with an agricultural system. We investigated whether the localization of the iDNA signal reflected the predicted distribution of 4 native species—echidna (Tachyglossus aculeatus), numbat (Myrmecobius fasciatus), woylie (Bettongia penicillata), and chuditch (Dasyurus geoffroii)—and 2 non‐native, invasive mammal species—fox (Vulpes vulpes) and feral cat (Felis catus). We collected bulk iDNA samples (n = 150 samples from 3428 carrion flies) at 3 time points from 3 conservation reserves and 35 road edges between them. We detected 14 of the 40 mammal species known from the region, including our target species. Most detections of target taxa were in conservation reserves. There were a few detections from road edges. We detected foxes and feral cats throughout the study area, including all conservation reserves. There was a significant difference between the diversity (F3, 98 = 5.91, p < 0.001) and composition (F3, 43 = 1.72, p < 0.01) of taxa detections on road edges and conservation reserves. Conservation reserves hosted more native biodiversity than road edges. Our results suggest that the signals from iDNA reflect the known distribution of target mammals in this region. The development of iDNA methods shows promise for future noninvasive monitoring of mammals. With further development, iDNA metabarcoding could inform decision‐making related to conservation of endangered taxa, invasive species management, and impacts of habitat fragmentation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
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16. Novel Conservation Strategies to Conserve Australian Marsupials
- Author
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Legge, Sarah, Hayward, Matt, Weeks, Andrew, Dickman, Christopher R., Section editor, Cáceres, Nilton, Section editor, Cáceres, Nilton C., editor, and Dickman, Christopher R., editor
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
17. MicroRNAs as the critical regulators of Forkhead box protein family during gynecological and breast tumor progression and metastasis
- Author
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Negin Taghehchian, Malihe Lotfi, Amir Sadra Zangouei, Iman Akhlaghipour, and Meysam Moghbeli
- Subjects
Gynecological cancer ,Breast cancer ,miRNAs ,FOX ,Diagnosis ,Medicine - Abstract
Abstract Gynecological and breast tumors are one of the main causes of cancer-related mortalities among women. Despite recent advances in diagnostic and therapeutic methods, tumor relapse is observed in a high percentage of these patients due to the treatment failure. Late diagnosis in advanced tumor stages is one of the main reasons for the treatment failure and recurrence in these tumors. Therefore, it is necessary to assess the molecular mechanisms involved in progression of these tumors to introduce the efficient early diagnostic markers. Fokhead Box (FOX) is a family of transcription factors with a key role in regulation of a wide variety of cellular mechanisms. Deregulation of FOX proteins has been observed in different cancers. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) as a group of non-coding RNAs have important roles in post-transcriptional regulation of the genes involved in cellular mechanisms. They are also the non-invasive diagnostic markers due to their high stability in body fluids. Considering the importance of FOX proteins in the progression of breast and gynecological tumors, we investigated the role of miRNAs in regulation of the FOX proteins in these tumors. MicroRNAs were mainly involved in progression of these tumors through FOXM, FOXP, and FOXO. The present review paves the way to suggest a non-invasive diagnostic panel marker based on the miRNAs/FOX axis in breast and gynecological cancers.
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
18. The Taurus Mountains, the Hotspot of Western Palearctic Biodiversity, Is in Danger: Marble Quarries Affect Wildlife
- Author
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Tamer Albayrak and Tamer Yılmaz
- Subjects
wolf ,Canis lupus ,jackal ,Canis aureus ,fox ,Vulpes vulpes ,Biology (General) ,QH301-705.5 - Abstract
The Taurus Mountains in the Mediterranean Coastal Basin, considered a biodiversity hotspot, have a rich biodiversity in the Western Palearctic. The number of marble quarries in the Taurus Mountains has dramatically expanded over the past ten years. The objectives of this study are to (i) determine the impacts of quarrying on wildlife and (ii) determine the potential impacts of quarrying on the future of Taurus. A total of 57,547 photos and video images were analyzed on 5447 photo-trap days in two areas, the marble quarries and the control areas. Using 97 randomly selected marble quarries, the area they cover and their annual growth rates were determined. The most commonly seen animals were the wolf (Canis lupus), fox (Vulpes vulpes), lynx (Lynx lynx), and wild boar (Sus scrofa) in the control area, and the jackal (Canis aureus) and hare (Lepus europaeus) in the marble quarries (p < 0.001). Additionally, we found a significant positive correlation between the distance from the geographical center of the marble quarries and the number of dates of wolf, fox and wild boar sightings, with a significant negative correlation for hares (p < 0.05). A positive correlation was found between the area of marble quarries and the duration of operation (R = 0.89, p < 0.00). The waste from quarries, which makes up 79.7% of the total land used for this purpose, is the greatest cause of habitat degradation. According to calculations, even if no new marble quarries are built as of right now, 7.14% of the Taurus Mountains may have disappeared by the year 2027, and by the year 2032, 8.25% of the Taurus ecosystems may have disappeared completely. The Taurus Mountains, a center of Western Palearctic biodiversity, are being threatened by marble quarries. This study advances our knowledge of how marble quarries may affect wildlife. New strategies must be developed as soon as possible to protect the Taurus Mountains, the hotspot of the Mediterranean basin.
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
19. MicroRNAs as the critical regulators of Forkhead box protein family during gynecological and breast tumor progression and metastasis.
- Author
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Taghehchian, Negin, Lotfi, Malihe, Zangouei, Amir Sadra, Akhlaghipour, Iman, and Moghbeli, Meysam
- Subjects
FORKHEAD transcription factors ,CANCER invasiveness ,BREAST tumors ,METASTASIS ,MICRORNA - Abstract
Gynecological and breast tumors are one of the main causes of cancer-related mortalities among women. Despite recent advances in diagnostic and therapeutic methods, tumor relapse is observed in a high percentage of these patients due to the treatment failure. Late diagnosis in advanced tumor stages is one of the main reasons for the treatment failure and recurrence in these tumors. Therefore, it is necessary to assess the molecular mechanisms involved in progression of these tumors to introduce the efficient early diagnostic markers. Fokhead Box (FOX) is a family of transcription factors with a key role in regulation of a wide variety of cellular mechanisms. Deregulation of FOX proteins has been observed in different cancers. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) as a group of non-coding RNAs have important roles in post-transcriptional regulation of the genes involved in cellular mechanisms. They are also the non-invasive diagnostic markers due to their high stability in body fluids. Considering the importance of FOX proteins in the progression of breast and gynecological tumors, we investigated the role of miRNAs in regulation of the FOX proteins in these tumors. MicroRNAs were mainly involved in progression of these tumors through FOXM, FOXP, and FOXO. The present review paves the way to suggest a non-invasive diagnostic panel marker based on the miRNAs/FOX axis in breast and gynecological cancers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
20. The Hens, the Cock, and the Operatic Fox: Vulpine “Voice” in Janáček’s Příhody lišky Bystroušky
- Author
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Clark, J.W.
- Subjects
Fox ,Voice ,Janáček ,Opera ,The Cunning Little Vixen The Hens ,The Cock ,and The Operatic Fox: Vulpine “Voice” in Janáček’s Příhody lišky Bystroušky J.W. Clark - Abstract
Leoš Janáček’s 1924 opera Příhody liškyBystroušky (The Cunning Little Vixen) epitomizes the musical “animal play,” a dramatic form wherein the presence of nonhuman animals indexes non-seriousness, whimsicality, and childishness. Bystrouška situates its titular fox within a folkloric tradition, deriving stereotypes from Aesopian and Reynardian “animal fable.” I contend that such performances of foxiness are necessarily zoopolitical in that they characterize a group traditionally excluded from the “political community of humans” (Ludueña 2010). Like other problematic performances of “Others,” musical depictions of foxes rely on preexisting notions of species,and often exoticize, infantilize, and generalize their subjects. Following literary scholar Susan McHugh’s call to construct a proper “narrative ethology” to investigate how “forms of representation matter to the development oftheories of species life” (McHugh 2011), I argue for thes serious examination of how musical representation might harm those we presume to voice.
- Published
- 2021
21. FOXM1: Functional Roles of FOXM1 in Non-Malignant Diseases.
- Author
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Zhang, Zhenwang, Li, Mengxi, Sun, Tian, Zhang, Zhengrong, and Liu, Chao
- Subjects
- *
FORKHEAD transcription factors , *LUNGS , *VASCULAR diseases , *PULMONARY fibrosis , *MYASTHENIA gravis , *TRANSCRIPTION factors , *CARBOHYDRATE metabolism , *BRAIN diseases - Abstract
Forkhead box (FOX) proteins are a wing-like helix family of transcription factors in the DNA-binding region. By mediating the activation and inhibition of transcription and interactions with all kinds of transcriptional co-regulators (MuvB complexes, STAT3, β-catenin, etc.), they play significant roles in carbohydrate and fat metabolism, biological aging and immune regulation, development, and diseases in mammals. Recent studies have focused on translating these essential findings into clinical applications in order to improve quality of life, investigating areas such as diabetes, inflammation, and pulmonary fibrosis, and increase human lifespan. Early studies have shown that forkhead box M1 (FOXM1) functions as a key gene in pathological processes in multiple diseases by regulating genes related to proliferation, the cell cycle, migration, and apoptosis and genes related to diagnosis, therapy, and injury repair. Although FOXM1 has long been studied in relation to human diseases, its role needs to be elaborated on. FOXM1 expression is involved in the development or repair of multiple diseases, including pulmonary fibrosis, pneumonia, diabetes, liver injury repair, adrenal lesions, vascular diseases, brain diseases, arthritis, myasthenia gravis, and psoriasis. The complex mechanisms involve multiple signaling pathways, such as WNT/β-catenin, STAT3/FOXM1/GLUT1, c-Myc/FOXM1, FOXM1/SIRT4/NF-κB, and FOXM1/SEMA3C/NRP2/Hedgehog. This paper reviews the key roles and functions of FOXM1 in kidney, vascular, lung, brain, bone, heart, skin, and blood vessel diseases to elucidate the role of FOXM1 in the development and progression of human non-malignant diseases and makes suggestions for further research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
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22. "Action on the Game": Sports Gambling as Fan Identity and Transactional Participation.
- Author
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Tussey, Ethan
- Subjects
- *
SPORTS betting , *SPORTS participation , *SPORTS spectators , *COMPULSIVE gambling , *CRITICAL discourse analysis , *SPORTS television programs , *TELEVISED sports , *PARASOCIAL relationships - Abstract
This article describes Fox Sports' depiction of sports gambling following the Supreme Court decision legalizing this activity at the federal level. The gambling personas offered by Fox Sports programming are particularly worthy of analysis, given efforts by media networks and sports leagues to rehabilitate the image of the gambler. Applying a critical discourse analysis of industry trade press, mobile app design, and sports gambling television programming, this article demonstrates how the persona of the "benign degenerate" is offered as a masculine fan identity designed to align gambling with more common social tv practices and interactive "transactional participation." The introduction of this new sports gambling persona challenges previous depictions of sports gambling that have categorized this behavior as a form of financialized citizenship. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
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23. A Putative Locus for Cranial-Size Variability of the Fox (Vulpes vulpes).
- Author
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Kharlamova, A. V., Shikhevich, S. G., Vladimirova, A. V., Kukekova, A. V., and Efimov, V. M.
- Subjects
- *
RED fox , *FOXES , *CRANIOMETRY , *MICROSATELLITE repeats , *SKULL morphology , *LOCUS (Genetics) , *BRACHYCEPHALY - Abstract
Skull morphology was studied in three populations of red foxes (Vulpes vulpes): tame, which were produced by long-term selection for behavior friendly to human; aggressive, which were produced by long-term selection for aggressive behavior to human; and conventionally farm-bred, which were not deliberately selected for behavior. We have collected skull measurements from two sets of foxes: 1) 140 backcross foxes produced by breeding of tame and aggressive foxes with each other and then crossing F1 foxes to tame strain, and 2) 150 foxes from original populations (50 tame, 50 aggressive, and 50 conventionally farm-bred). The backcross foxes have been genotyped with 350 microsatellite markers and analyzed using 2B-PLS analysis. A significant correlation between microsatellite genotypes and skull shape was identified for three microsatellite markers on the tenth fox chromosome: FH2535, RVC1, and REN193M22. The second set of foxes (tame, aggressive and conventional) was genotyped for these three markers and also analyzed with 2B_PLS. A significant correlation was identified between genotypes and skull size for males, but not for females. The genomic region identified in this study contains the IGF-1 gene, which is responsible for 15% of body-size variation in dogs. Our findings suggest that the IGF-1 gene is also involved in skull-size regulation in red foxes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
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24. New Meet-in-the-Middle Attacks on FOX Block Cipher.
- Author
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Dong, Xiaoli, Wei, Yongzhuang, Gao, Wen, and Chen, Jie
- Subjects
- *
BLOCK ciphers , *CRYPTOGRAPHY - Abstract
FOX block cipher was designed with a Lai–Massey scheme, in which the round function uses the Substitution-Permutation-Substitution structure. A meet-in-the-middle (MITM) attack is one of the most important issues for the security of the block cipher, which consists of a precomputation phase for constructing a distinguisher and an online phase for key recovery. This paper studies the MITM attacks against FOX. The first MITM distinguishers of 5-round FOX64, 7-round FOX64-256 and 5-round FOX128 are presented when using the differential enumeration technique with truncated differential characteristics. Then, based on these distinguishers, the attacks for key recovery on 7-round FOX64, 11-round FOX64-256 and 7-round FOX128 are presented with the state-test and state-search techniques. It is shown that the attack on 11-round FOX64-256 is proposed for the first time; attacks on 7-round FOX64 and 7-round FOX128 can be improved with lower time and memory complexities compared with the currently known attacks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
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25. Fifty years of spring censuses in black grouse (Lyrurus tetrix) in the High Fens (Belgium): did the rabies vaccination has a negative impact on a fox prey population?
- Author
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Delcourt, Johann, Hambuckers, Alain, Vangeluwe, Didier, and Poncin, Pascal
- Subjects
FOXES ,BLACK grouse ,RABIES vaccines ,FENS ,RED fox ,TIME series analysis ,ANIMAL population density - Abstract
Since 2017, a reinforcement programme was developed to save the last, endangered, Belgian population of black grouse (Lyrurus tetrix), in the High Fens Natural Park. To improve the success of this programme, an analysis of past data of this population was undertaken to understand the causes of its past decline. A time series analysis was applied, using annual spring male census data recorded between 1967 and 2016. In the period 1967–1993, there was a fluctuation around an equilibrium of a population of ca. 40–45 males. The peak of 85 males observed in 1971 was probably due to a succession of several favourable years in terms of environmental conditions, albeit without an exceptional annual growth rate. It seems that fox density, by using the occurrence of rabies as a proxy, has an impact on the black grouse population. After 1993, the population dynamic changed drastically, decreasing continuously until finally reaching quasi-extinction. On average, the population lost 15.4% of its size each year. Climate models, applied in previous studies to explain these population trends in the High Fens, failed to describe this major modification in this population's dynamic and its recent decline. We suggest that this negative effect was mainly induced by a significant increase in predation by red fox (Vulpes vulpes), whose abundance has increased considerably since the 1990s, in particular, as a consequence of the eradication of fox rabies. We also discuss alternative hypotheses, such as the impact of other predator species, modification of the natural environment and climatic modifications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
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26. Vaccine-induced rabies in a red fox in Poland
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Smreczak Marcin, Orłowska Anna, Müller Thomas, Freuling Conrad M., Kawiak-Sadurska Magdalena, and Trębas Paweł
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fox ,rabies ,sad bern ,vaccine-induced rabies ,sequencing ,Veterinary medicine ,SF600-1100 - Abstract
Rabies as a zoonosis threatens public health worldwide. Several thousand people die each year of infections by the rabies virus (RABV). Oral rabies vaccination (ORV) of wildlife was successfully implemented in many European countries and led to rabies being brought under control there. In Poland, ORV was introduced in 1993 using vaccines containing an attenuated strain of the rabies virus. However, attenuated rabies viruses may have residual pathogenicity and cause the disease in target and non-target animals.
- Published
- 2022
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27. Generalized tuberculosis due to Mycobacterium caprae in a red fox phylogenetically related to livestock breakdowns
- Author
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Bernat Pérez de Val, Claudia Perea, Josep Estruch, Carlos Solano-Manrique, Carles Riera, Albert Sanz, Enric Vidal, and Roser Velarde
- Subjects
Tuberculosis ,Mycobacterium caprae ,Fox ,Livestock ,Whole genome sequencing ,Veterinary medicine ,SF600-1100 - Abstract
Abstract Background Tuberculosis (TB) due to Mycobacterium caprae is endemic in goat herds and free-ranging wild boars in Spain, causing infections in other livestock or wild animals to a lesser extent. TB infection in foxes is infrequently reported and they are usually considered spillover hosts of TB. Case presentation A blind, depressed and severely emaciated red fox (Vulpes vulpes) was admitted to a rehabilitation center. After clinical examination it was humanely sacrificed. At necropsy, generalized TB lesions were observed that were subsequently confirmed by histopathology along with a co-infection with canine distemper virus. M. caprae was isolated from mycobacterial culture and spoligotype SB0415 was identified. Whole genome sequencing (WGS) of the isolated M. caprae was carried out and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) were compared with other sequences of M. caprae isolated from livestock and wildlife of the same area throughout the last decade. Conclusions This is the first reported case of TB due to M. caprae in a fox in the Iberian Peninsula. WGS and SNP analysis, together with spatial-temporal investigations, associated this case with recent M. caprae outbreaks in cattle and goat herds of the area. The results indicated transmission of M. caprae between livestock and the fox, suggesting that this species may occasionally play a role in the epidemiology of animal TB.
- Published
- 2022
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28. High‐level seroprevalence against Leptospira interrogans serovars among wild foxes, jackals and stray dogs in the North Khorasan Province, Iran
- Author
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Kourosh Arzamani, Gholamreza Abdollahpour, Amir Azimian, Alex vanBelkum, and Hamed Ghasemzadeh‐Moghaddam
- Subjects
fox ,Iran ,jackal ,leptospirosis ,stray dogs ,Veterinary medicine ,SF600-1100 - Abstract
Abstract Background Leptospirosis is an important, neglected zoonotic disease that affects people and animals in humid (sub)tropical regions. Wild canines carry the pathogen and may contaminate natural resources which may then act as a source of human infection. Objectives The study was designed to understand the seroprevalence of leptospirosis among domestic and wild canines in Bojnurd County, Northeast Iran. Methods A total of 77 serum samples, comprising 29 sera from asymptomatic wild canines [foxes (n = 25) and jackals (n = 4)] and 48 sera from asymptomatic stray dogs, was investigated. Serovars were identified and antibody titres were measured by standard microscopic agglutination test (MAT) using serial serum dilutions. Results Among all serum samples, 44.1% reacted positively to a Leptospira interrogans serovars. The average percentage of positive reactions was higher in stray dogs than in wild canines although this did not reach statistical significance (55.2% and 37.5%, p = 0.159). Positive reactions with L. i. Pomona, L. i. Australis and L. i. Tarasovi was detected only among jackals and foxes. Among the stray dogs, the highest number of positive sera were for L. i. Grippotyphosa (61.1%) and L. i. Canicola (50%). The highest titre detected was for L. i. canicola (1:1600) in two stray dogs and against L. i. Icterohaemorrhagiae and L. i. Pomona (1:800) in a single jackal. Conclusions The study revealed that leptospirosis is endemic among various canine species in the North Khorasan Province of Iran. Detailed monitoring of canines is necessary for better understanding the epidemiology of infection in our and other Iranian regions.
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- 2022
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29. Susceptibility of Wild Canids to SARS-CoV-2
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Stephanie M. Porter, Airn E. Hartwig, Helle Bielefeldt-Ohmann, Angela M. Bosco-Lauth, and J. Jeffrey Root
- Subjects
COVID-19 ,canid ,Canis latrans ,coronavirus disease ,coyote ,fox ,Medicine ,Infectious and parasitic diseases ,RC109-216 - Abstract
We assessed 2 wild canid species, red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) and coyotes (Canis latrans), for susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2. After experimental inoculation, red foxes became infected and shed infectious virus. Conversely, experimentally challenged coyotes did not become infected; therefore, coyotes are unlikely to be competent hosts for SARS-CoV-2.
- Published
- 2022
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30. Rabies in Poland in 20102019: A new virus reservoir
- Author
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M. Flis
- Subjects
bat ,fox ,oral immunisation ,poland ,rabies ,Veterinary medicine ,SF600-1100 - Abstract
The paper presents the epizootic situation of rabies in Poland during the last decade. During this period, the annual oral immunisation of free-living foxes was continued, but in recent years it has only covered selected regions. This was due to the decreasing number of virus cases found in free-living foxes, confirmed by 2019, when the virus was found in only one fox in the Lublin Province. The results indicate that despite high costs, oral fox immunisation (ORV) treatments have had the desired effect by eliminating rabies in terrestrial mammals. At the same time, an increasing tendency for virus occurrence in bats was noted during this period. These animals have now become the primary reservoir of the virus in Poland. In addition, in 2019 rabies in bats was found in voivodeships that were considered virus-free, and thus no preventive vaccination of foxes was carried out in them. This confirms the thesis that there are no geographical barriers to the spread of the virus. These elements are quite relevant and are very important in the field of epizootic threat as well as public health.
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
31. Surnames Derived from the Hide Processing Terminology
- Author
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Teodor OANCĂ
- Subjects
surname ,byname ,terminology ,furrier ,cap ,shoemaker ,sheep ,tanner ,fox ,Philology. Linguistics ,P1-1091 - Abstract
Since the earliest times, hide processing has been a necessity in order to provide people with clothing and footwear. In the Middle Ages, craftsmen specialized in hide processing were differentiated and names according to the pieces of clothing or footwear they produced: they were furriers or skinners, shoemakers, leather cutters, traditional footwear makers and tanners etc. An important role in the development of this type of activity (processing domestic and wild animal hides) has been played by the technological progress that involved the use of chemical substances meant to ensure high-quality products. The appellatives selected as being part of the hide processing terminology became sources of nicknames or bynames in the 19th century, and later became official surnames as a result of the 1895 Name Law. At present 175 active surnames have been identified and the region and county frequency of occurrence is mentioned in the Appendix, according to The Anthoponymic Romanian Database.
- Published
- 2022
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32. The impact of international law on British foreign policy to the United States, 1836-1846
- Author
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Earles, Charles Graham and Parry, Jon
- Subjects
British ,Britain ,United States ,British-American Relationship ,Foreign Policy ,Nineteenth Century ,International Law ,Law of Nations ,Canadian Rebellion ,McLeod ,Caroline ,Maine Boundary ,Oregon ,Texas ,California ,Slave Trade ,Creole ,Peel ,Aberdeen ,Palmerston ,Fox ,Pakenham ,Ashburton ,Dodson - Abstract
The impact of international law on British foreign policy to the United States, 1836-1846 (Candidate: Charles Graham Earles, Sidney Sussex College) The decade from 1836 produced major tensions in British-American relations over Canada and the role of the United States as a growing regional and maritime power. American citizens added to the danger of the Canadian rebellion of 1837 through frequent border disturbances, and there was a real risk of war in the case of McLeod. The United States made spectacular gains of territory in Texas and Oregon, and settled the north-eastern boundary controversy. Disputes with Britain arose, but American continental dominance was put beyond doubt. On the seas, pressure from the United States in the "right of search" and Creole incidents ultimately restricted British actions against the slave trade and slavery. This thesis examines the impact of international law on British foreign policy towards the United States during this period. It aims to establish that international law provided the framework and principles within which British policy worked, and disputes were handled. It also intends to show that the conduct of the issues concerned demonstrates that there was a shared British-American respect for international law. These points matter because British policy has traditionally been explained mainly in terms of peace being sought for reasons of global strategy and economic benefit. The role of international law has been largely overlooked. As the thesis aims to demonstrate, however, international law was at the heart of how Britain responded to the United States. British policy, and the maintenance of peace, cannot, accordingly, be fully understood without an appreciation of this legal context. The thesis begins by arguing that international law was able to be influential because it was part of the institutional practice of British foreign policy to the United States. Expert advice was available to the Foreign Office and a series of principles was established by which policy was to be conducted. The thesis then shows how treaties and legal principles made an important impact. A combination of treaty law and principles guided British objectives towards the United States concerning imperial possessions, commerce, the slave trade, and peace. Crucially, law also influenced the handling of issues in the British-American relationship through what was effectively a legal framework shared with the United States. The remainder of the thesis then examines in detail the impact of international law within these themes on the most contentious issues of the period. Canada, the American expansion into Texas and Oregon, and the disputes over the "right of search" and the Creole are each considered separately. The thesis does not argue that British foreign policy to the United States can be explained entirely by international law. Without an enforcing authority, the role of international law was a question of political choice and power. Rather, its main underlying contention is that the acceptance and use of international law in this decade needs to be seen as an important part of the British-American political relationship.
- Published
- 2019
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33. Behind enemy lines : investigating suppression & coexistence between sympatric carnivores in Plitvice Lakes, Croatia
- Author
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Haswell, Peter, Hayward, M. W., and Jones, Katherine
- Subjects
500 ,Mesopredator ,Risk ,Giving-up density ,Occupancy Analysis ,Activity patterns ,Interspecific competition ,Intraguild ,Apex predator ,Large carnivore ,Human disturbance ,National Park ,Croatia ,Wolf ,Lynx ,Fox - Abstract
This thesis fills knowledge gaps regarding spatio-temporal interactions between sympatric carnivores, mesopredator risk mitigation behaviour, and thus, the mechanisms that enable coexistence. In the Anthropocene biodiversity crisis, discerning how and when diversity is maintained is critical. Employing a robust multi-method approach, a model study system was used to examine the top-down effects of wolves, Canis lupus and Eurasian lynx, Lynx lynx, upon red fox, Vulpes vulpes in Plitvice Lakes National Park, Croatia. Chapter Two utilises novel foraging experiments, combining camera traps with the giving-up density (GUD) framework. Foxes responded to wolf urine by taking less food, spending less time at patches, leaving at higher quitting harvest rates, and adjusting their behaviour when at patches, spending less time foraging and more time being vigilant and sniffing the ground. Chapter Three examines spatial relationships using occupancy modelling. Foxes were not spatially excluded by large carnivores, but were in fact attracted to them (or at least the same conditions) and more detectable in their presence. The positive association was most strongly related to lynx, however, conversely, foxes responded elusively towards human activity. Chapter Four examines temporal relationships using kernel density estimates, circular statistics and nocturnality risk ratios. Fox activity overlapped with other carnivores but avoided peak activity periods, having significantly different record distributions. Foxes were more nocturnal in higher intensity large carnivore presence, seemingly using the cover of darkness to remain safe. High human activity however mediated this interaction, decreasing its strength. Subtle temporal avoidance and fine-scale spatio-temporal risk mitigation strategies can enable mesopredator access to resources and predator coexistence in the presence of intraguild aggression. Where food subsidies are absent, humans may increase mesopredator elusiveness but may also offer some level of temporal shielding from large carnivores. Protected area management should consider ecological baselines and the effects of human disturbance.
- Published
- 2019
34. What did the fox say? : assessing the role of foxes through ethnographic and archaeological contexts
- Author
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Li, Xuelei, Outram, Alan, and Hurcombe, Linda
- Subjects
930 ,fox ,zooarchaeology ,animal-human relations - Abstract
The fox has always been an animal species carrying both economic values and symbolic significances. It has been playing unique roles in many cultures, from past to present. It is a highly adaptable wild species can be tamed but never be domesticated. The relationship between foxes and humans is thus an interesting topic to explore. This thesis evaluates the roles of foxes played in human societies by investigating various ethnographic data and archaeological remains. It initially presents a detailed summary of how animals involved in human cultures from the social aspect, a review of related theoretical definitions, and the categorisation of the fox. Ethnographic evidence has been used to investigate fox-related symbolism, mythologies, legends, and past and present cultural practices in Europe, China, Japan, and other areas. Possible archaeological remains of both physical and conceptual activities associated with foxes are suggested, and hence examined through the outline of several archaeological examples. Whereafter, fox remains of three archaeological sites are studied, including Southwest Point, Grotta Romanelli, and Mitchell. The practical and symbolic roles that foxes fulfilled within different cultures have been discussed based on the results of zooarchaeological analysis and local ethnographic data. To sum up, this thesis has not only enriched our understanding of human-animal relationships through the investigation of human-fox interactions, but also broadened our knowledge of symbolism and ritual in zooarchaeology.
- Published
- 2019
35. Thoreau's Animal Thinking: Sympathetic Tracking to Epiphany.
- Author
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Swails, Elizabeth Heinz
- Subjects
ANIMAL mechanics ,NATURAL history ,ANIMAL behavior - Abstract
Thoreau spent much of his career preoccupied with thinking and with animals. In many of his excursions in the woods, he would be deep in thought when an owl, rabbit, otter, or some other creature's movements would catch his eye. Oftentimes, the animal and the tracks they left behind would lead him on a new trajectory, both mentally and physically. This essay focuses on moments of Thoreauvian epiphany when his thoughts, his walking body, and his animal encounters collide. In these moments, Thoreau successfully reads his own thoughts through the paths he takes just as he attempts to interpret animals' thoughts through the tracks they leave behind. By examining fox and moose tracks and walking in them in "Natural History of Massachusetts" (1842) and "Ktaadn" from The Main Woods (1864), Thoreau employs sympathetic tracking to produce animalistic thinking that leads him to some of his greatest epiphanies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
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- View/download PDF
36. Lethal predator control on UK moorland is associated with high breeding success of curlew, a globally near-threatened wader.
- Author
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Baines, David, Fletcher, Kathy, Hesford, Nicholas, Newborn, David, and Richardson, Michael
- Subjects
PREDATOR management ,MOORS (Wetlands) ,GROUSE ,UPLANDS ,SUCCESS ,LAND use ,SPAWNING - Abstract
The UK supports a quarter of Eurasian curlew Numenius arquata, so a recent halving of numbers has impacted the global population. Low breeding success is a frequently cited cause of decline. We considered breeding success in relation to predator indices and habitat measures within 18 moorland-farmland blocks across several UK regions. Each block comprised one site where gamekeepers lethally controlled predators on moors managed for red grouse Lagopus lagopus scotica (grouse moor) and another on similar habitat where predators were not controlled (non-grouse moor). More wader species occurred on grouse moors, which supported twice the density of waders as non-grouse moors. Curlew productivity was fourfold higher on grouse moors (1.05 fledglings pair-
1 ) than non-grouse moors (0.27). Hatching and fledging success was negatively linked to a combined index of corvids and fox, which were three- to fourfold fewer on grouse moors but were unrelated to 11 habitats and two livestock grazing variables. Similar patterns were observed in three of four other wader species. These behaviour-based findings were validated by observations on actual nests and broods. Grouse moors appear to act as source populations, thereby slowing the current rapid decline. To halt declines and promote curlew recovery in the UK uplands, we recommend that predator control on grouse moors is maintained and longer term land use policies are developed to render landscapes less friendly to currently high levels of generalist predators. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
37. The olfactory limbus of the red fox (Vulpes vulpes). New insights regarding a noncanonical olfactory bulb pathway.
- Author
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Ortiz-Leal, Irene, Torres, Mateo V., Vargas-Barroso, Víctor, Fidalgo, Luis Eusebio, López-Beceiro, Ana María, Larriva-Sahd, Jorge A., and Sánchez-Quinteiro, Pablo
- Subjects
VOMERONASAL organ ,LABORATORY rodents ,CELL receptors ,RED fox ,CANIDAE ,MAMMALS ,OLFACTORY bulb - Abstract
Introduction: The olfactory system in most mammals is divided into several subsystems based on the anatomical locations of the neuroreceptor cells involved and the receptor families that are expressed. In addition to the main olfactory system and the vomeronasal system, a range of olfactory subsystems converge onto the transition zone located between the main olfactory bulb (MOB) and the accessory olfactory bulb (AOB), which has been termed the olfactory limbus (OL). The OL contains specialized glomeruli that receive noncanonical sensory afferences and which interact with the MOB and AOB. Little is known regarding the olfactory subsystems of mammals other than laboratory rodents. Methods: We have focused on characterizing the OL in the red fox by performing general and specific histological stainings on serial sections, using both single and double immunohistochemical and lectin-histochemical labeling techniques. Results: As a result, we have been able to determine that the OL of the red fox (Vulpes vulpes) displays an uncommonly high degree of development and complexity. Discussion: This makes this species a novel mammalian model, the study of which could improve our understanding of the noncanonical pathways involved in the processing of chemosensory cues. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
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38. The Anti-Jacobin and its Parodic Strategies: Parodying Jacobin Ideas and Authors.
- Author
-
RAMOS-RAMOS, María Rocío
- Subjects
ROMANTICISM ,PARODY ,JOURNALISTIC editing ,PRIME ministers ,AUTHORS ,CREATIVE ability - Abstract
This study highlights the parodic skills employed in the literary section of The Anti-Jacobin (1797-1798), a periodical edited by William Gifford, written mainly by G. Canning, J. H. Frere and G. Ellis and supported even by Prime Minister William Pitt. Parody is its main mechanism, being generated across an extraordinary range of genres beyond poetry and scholarly and popular prose, thereby demonstrating its malleability and creativity in the Romantic era and demonstrating its versatility and originality. Due to its peculiarity, it is necessary to provide a description of the work's nature and structure, while examples are selected and analysed in order to clarify this original use of the parodic resource in the literature-politics binomial. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
39. Il leone e la volpe: una metafora animale per due laudandi pindarici.
- Author
-
Pitotto, Elisabetta
- Subjects
METAPHOR ,DICTION ,PRAISE ,SONGS - Abstract
Copyright of Cuadernos de Filología Clásica: Estudios Griegos e Indoeuropeos is the property of Universidad Complutense de Madrid and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
40. UNA TRADUCCIÓN DEL PANCHATANTRA PUBLICADA EN LA PRENSA DEL SIGLO XIX. ESTUDIO COMPARATIVO DE SU ESTRUCTURA Y ARGUMENTO.
- Author
-
RODRÍGUEZ GARCÍA, Miguel
- Subjects
SPANISH literature ,NINETEENTH century ,MIDDLE Ages ,FOXES ,ALE ,FABLES ,FILM adaptations - Abstract
Copyright of Tropelías: Revista de Teoría de la Literatura y Literatura Comparada is the property of Prensas Universitarias de Zaragoza and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
41. Drone with Mounted Thermal Infrared Cameras for Monitoring Terrestrial Mammals
- Author
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Hanne Lyngholm Larsen, Katrine Møller-Lassesen, Esther Magdalene Ellersgaard Enevoldsen, Sarah Bøgh Madsen, Maria Trier Obsen, Peter Povlsen, Dan Bruhn, Cino Pertoldi, and Sussie Pagh
- Subjects
UAV ,red deer ,roe deer ,badger ,fox ,marten ,Motor vehicles. Aeronautics. Astronautics ,TL1-4050 - Abstract
This study investigates the use of a drone equipped with a thermal camera for recognizing wild mammal species in open areas and to determine the sex and age of red deer (Cervus elaphus) and roe deer (Capreolus capreoulus) in a 13 km2 moor in Denmark. Two separate surveys were conducted: (1) To achieve drone images for the identification of mammals, the drone was tested around a bait place with a live wildlife camera that was often visited by European badger (Meles meles), stone marten (Martes foina), European hare (Lepus europaeus), roe deer and cattle (Bos taurus). The thermal images of wild animal species could be distinguished by their body measures when the drone filmed with the camera pointed perpendicular to the ground in an altitude range of 50–120 m. A PCA ordination showed nonoverlapping body characteristics and MANOVA showed that the combined body measures used were significantly distinctive F = 6.8, p < 0.001. The reactions and behavioral responses of the different species to the altitude and noise of the drone were also tested in this place. (2) On a 13 km2 moor, a drone was used for a population study of deer. Red deer and roe deer were counted and separated by body measures. Red deer individuals could, at the right altitude, be separated into adults and calves, and males and females. Body length was the most conclusive body measure, and therefore a reference measurement in the field is recommended. The frame thermal images were effective in species recognition and for use in population studies of deer, and are thought to be more time-efficient and less invasive than traditional methods. In autumn, the number of stags and the life stage of red deer, as well as the distribution of deer in different types of vegetation, could be determined.
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
42. Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza H5N1 Virus Infections in Wild Red Foxes (Vulpes vulpes) Show Neurotropism and Adaptive Virus Mutations
- Author
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Luca Bordes, Sandra Vreman, Rene Heutink, Marit Roose, Sandra Venema, Sylvia B. E. Pritz-Verschuren, Jolianne M. Rijks, José L. Gonzales, Evelien A. Germeraad, Marc Engelsma, and Nancy Beerens
- Subjects
fox ,HPAI H5N1 ,neurotropism ,virology ,zoonotic infections ,Microbiology ,QR1-502 - Abstract
ABSTRACT During the 2020 to 2022 epizootic of highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (HPAI), several infections of mammalian species were reported in Europe. In the Netherlands, HPAI H5N1 virus infections were detected in three wild red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) that were submitted with neurological symptoms between December of 2021 and February of 2022. A histopathological analysis demonstrated that the virus was mainly present in the brain, with limited or no detection in the respiratory tract or other organs. Limited or no virus shedding was observed in throat and rectal swabs. A phylogenetic analysis showed that the three fox viruses were not closely related, but they were related to HPAI H5N1 clade 2.3.4.4b viruses that are found in wild birds. This suggests that the virus was not transmitted between the foxes. A genetic analysis demonstrated the presence of the mammalian adaptation E627K in the polymerase basic two (PB2) protein of the two fox viruses. In both foxes, the avian (PB2-627E) and the mammalian (PB2-627K) variants were present as a mixture in the virus population, which suggests that the mutation emerged in these specific animals. The two variant viruses were isolated, and virus replication and passaging experiments were performed. These experiments showed that the mutation PB2-627K increases the replication of the virus in mammalian cell lines, compared to the chicken cell line, and at the lower temperatures of the mammalian upper respiratory tract. This study showed that the HPAI H5N1 virus is capable of adaptation to mammals; however, more adaptive mutations are required to allow for efficient transmission between mammals. Therefore, surveillance in mammals should be expanded to closely monitor the emergence of zoonotic mutations for pandemic preparedness. IMPORTANCE Highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) viruses caused high mortality among wild birds from 2021 to 2022 in the Netherlands. Recently, three wild foxes were found to be infected with HPAI H5N1 viruses, likely due to the foxes feeding on infected birds. Although HPAI is a respiratory virus, in these foxes, the viruses were mostly detected in the brain. Two viruses isolated from the foxes contained a mutation that is associated with adaptation to mammals. We show that the mutant virus replicates better in mammalian cells than in avian cells and at the lower body temperature of mammals. More mutations are required before viruses can transmit between mammals or can be transmitted to humans. However, infections in mammalian species should be closely monitored to swiftly detect mutations that may increase the zoonotic potential of HPAI H5N1 viruses, as these may threaten public health.
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- 2023
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43. The olfactory limbus of the red fox (Vulpes vulpes). New insights regarding a noncanonical olfactory bulb pathway
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Irene Ortiz-Leal, Mateo V. Torres, Víctor Vargas-Barroso, Luis Eusebio Fidalgo, Ana María López-Beceiro, Jorge A. Larriva-Sahd, and Pablo Sánchez-Quinteiro
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olfaction ,fox ,Canidae ,immunohistochemistry ,lectins ,olfactory limbus ,Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry ,RC321-571 ,Human anatomy ,QM1-695 - Abstract
Introduction: The olfactory system in most mammals is divided into several subsystems based on the anatomical locations of the neuroreceptor cells involved and the receptor families that are expressed. In addition to the main olfactory system and the vomeronasal system, a range of olfactory subsystems converge onto the transition zone located between the main olfactory bulb (MOB) and the accessory olfactory bulb (AOB), which has been termed the olfactory limbus (OL). The OL contains specialized glomeruli that receive noncanonical sensory afferences and which interact with the MOB and AOB. Little is known regarding the olfactory subsystems of mammals other than laboratory rodents.Methods: We have focused on characterizing the OL in the red fox by performing general and specific histological stainings on serial sections, using both single and double immunohistochemical and lectin-histochemical labeling techniques.Results: As a result, we have been able to determine that the OL of the red fox (Vulpes vulpes) displays an uncommonly high degree of development and complexity.Discussion: This makes this species a novel mammalian model, the study of which could improve our understanding of the noncanonical pathways involved in the processing of chemosensory cues.
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- 2023
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44. Determination of the Species Identity of Burrow Hosts and Spring–Summer Censuses of Carnivorous Mammals (Carnivora) in Natural Foci of Rabies.
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Sidorov, G. N., Poleshchuk, E. M., and Sidorova, D. G.
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CARNIVORA , *FOXES , *RABIES , *WOLVES , *RACCOON dog , *BURROWING animals , *SPECIES , *SUMMER , *TRACE fossils - Abstract
The existing methods for determining the species identity of shelter hosts and taking censuses of the natural hosts of the rabies virus (foxes, corsacs, two badger species, raccoon dogs, and wolves) have been improved during a spring–summer inspection of burrows of these predators. The field work was carried out in the years 1976–2011 at 42 census sites with a total area of 3582 km2 in natural foci of rabies within 14 administrative territories of the Russian Federation: Amur, Astrakhan, Bryansk, Volgograd, Voronezh, Novosibirsk, Omsk, Saratov, and Tula oblasts, Altai krai, Transbaikal region, and Khabarovsk krai, and the republics of Tyva and Altai. In total, 111 censuses were conducted and 3920 burrows of these animals were inspected. Burrows built by individuals of the same species could later be used or reconstructed and used by other species. Therefore, it was impossible to compile a dichotomous key to differences in the characters of the actual use of a specific shelter by a certain species in a given year during the research. The exception is the size of side holes of the fox and corsac that were dug by these predators in the first year of their settlement. Clear differences were observed only between the burrows of foxes, corsacs, and wolves in the presence of excrement and food debris near their shelters, in contrast to the unpolluted burrows of badgers and raccoon dogs. Burrows of foxes, corsacs, and wolves could alternately be occupied by different host species in subsequent years. It was possible to identify reliably the carnivorous species that occupied the shelter only in May to early June by the size of excrement of young and adult individuals. Shelters of badgers and raccoon dogs significantly differed only in paw prints and the color of fallen hair during the replacement of one species by the other in a burrow. It is necessary to use a set of key characters for the species identification of shelter hosts in each particular case. During primary censuses, it is extremely laborious to identify and map the territorial distribution of burrows. However, a high-quality registration of burrow hosts in the first year of the study made it possible to reproduce registrations in many subsequent years with low material and time costs. It is recommended to use this corrected methodology both for the real-time counting of the relative and absolute numbers of the main natural distributors of the rabies virus and for analysis of their intra- and interspecific biotic relationships. In the natural foci of rabies, this technique makes it possible to record not only the abundance of predators but also their territorial distribution and concentrations near burrow shelters, which is important during oral vaccinations of predators against rabies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2022
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45. Dingoes have greater suppressive effect on fox populations than poisoning campaigns.
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Hunter, Daniel O. and Letnic, Mike
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DINGO ,RED fox ,FOXES ,TOP predators ,POISONING ,BIODIVERSITY conservation ,POISONS - Abstract
The mesopredator release hypothesis predicts that abundance of smaller predators should increase in the absence of larger predators due to release from direct killing and competition. However, the effects of top predators on mesopredators are unlikely to operate in isolation but interact with other factors such as primary productivity of the landscape and human activities. We investigate factors influencing activity indices of a top predator (dingo) and an introduced mesopredator (red fox) in forests of south-eastern Australia. We used generalised linear models to investigate the effects that net primary productivity, proximity to freehold land and poison baiting campaigns directed at dingoes had on fox and dingo activity. Baiting was the best predictor of activity for both dingoes and foxes. Dingo activity was variable but typically lower at baited sites. Fox activity varied within a lower range at a majority of sites compared to the dingo but was typically higher at the baited sites. Positive responses of foxes to dingo control are consistent with the mesopredator release hypothesis and suggest in this region dingoes may have greater suppressive effect on fox populations than poisoning campaigns directed towards dingoes. Our results suggest that removal of dingoes may be counter-productive for biodiversity conservation because it may lead to higher activity of foxes. Summary Here, we investigate factors influencing activity indices of a top predator (dingo) and an introduced mesopredator (red fox) in forests of south-eastern Australia. Lethal baiting was the best predictor of activity for both dingoes and foxes. Our results suggest that removal of dingoes, via lethal baiting, may be counter-productive for biodiversity conservation because it may lead to higher activity of foxes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2022
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46. Epidemiology and pathogenesis of canine adenovirus type 1 in red foxes (Vulpes vulpes)
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Walker, David, Philbey, Adrian, Beard, Philippa, and Meredith, Anna
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636.089 ,Adenovirus ,fox ,dog ,infectious diseases ,virus ,wildlife ,PCR ,ELISA ,epidemiology - Abstract
Canine adenovirus type 1 (CAV-1) causes severe, and often fatal, disease in domestic dogs and red foxes (Vulpes vulpes). It has also been reported to infect ursids, mustelids and other free-ranging canids. The disease caused by CAV-1 was first reported as ‘fox encephalitis’ and came to prominence when it caused major losses in farmed silver foxes, a colour variant of the red fox, in North America in the early 20th century. The disease caused by CAV-1 soon appeared to ‘spillover’ into the domestic dog population and was described independently as ‘infectious canine hepatitis’ (ICH), by which it is mainly known in all species. ICH became a serious problem among unvaccinated and susceptible pets, along with distemper and other ‘rife’ infectious diseases at the time. Canine adenovirus (in the form of canine adenovirus type 2; CAV-2) is now included in the recommended vaccination schedule of all pet dogs in the UK and, more recently, CAV-1 has been fully sequenced and annotated. This PhD re-investigates the pathology caused by CAV-1 in red foxes compared to domestic dogs. There is a suggestion that neurological disease in foxes may predominate and be the cause of high mortality rates and a rapid course of disease. Outbreaks of ICH in wildlife rehabilitation centres were investigated, and novel immunohistochemical techniques employed, to investigate this possibility. It was shown that CAV-1 causes severe systemic pathology in many animals. In the dog, it was noted that, although central nervous system (CNS) pathology exists, hepatic pathology was often severe and may predominate. Vascular endothelial cells in the red fox CNS were more heavily infected with CAV-1 than in dogs, and lysis of these cells is likely to be the direct cause of the multifocal haemorrhages observed histologically, and possibly a major contributor to the cause of death. New cell types, previously not reported to be permissible for CAV-1 infection, were detected to be positive for CAV-1. It is hypothesised that there are multiple manifestations of the disease caused by CAV-1, which is evident interspecifically. It is recommended that these manifestations are taken into account when describing disease because CAV-1 does not only cause a ‘hepatitis’ and does not infect only canine species. The current epidemiological state of CAV-1 was also investigated using a large sample of red foxes from across the UK. It was found that a large proportion of free-ranging foxes had been exposed to the virus and a proportion of animals remain infected, in multiple tissues and in the absence of disease; these may represent persistent infections. For the first time, some red foxes were demonstrated to shed CAV-1 in high titres, as quantified by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). This suggested that red foxes are likely to be a wildlife reservoir of CAV-1 in the UK, and could be a source of infection for dogs. The ‘persistence of infection’ is also a characteristic of human adenoviruses (HAds) and it was hypothesised that these related viruses share common mechanisms to persist in infected tissues. It was also hypothesised that British mustelid species may also be a source of CAV-1 infection and that species is also persistently infected with adenoviruses. New adenoviruses were detected in British pine martens and otters, which also demonstrated persistent infections, as suggested by detection by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). One adenovirus, tentatively named marten adenovirus type 1 (MAdV-1), partially sequenced by high throughput sequencing (HTS), appeared to be an Aviadenovirus, which is an unusual finding. It is hypothesised that this could be evidence of a host switch from an infected avian prey to a new mammalian host. This raises new questions on the capability of adenoviruses, usually regarded as very host specific, to opportunistically switch hosts. The molecular mechanisms employed by adenoviruses to persist in their hosts have been poorly studied to date. Therefore, a final aim of the project was to investigate the cell types in red foxes which could be capable of maintaining a persistent infection with CAV-1, and to investigate the dynamics of CAV-1 infection in cell cultures and clinically affected tissues by utilising reverse transcriptase qPCR (RTqPCR). Overall, the study and the techniques developed could provide a basis for future research to investigate how HAds, which persistently infect some human tissues, can re-activate under a state of immunosuppression and cause severe, systemic disease in some patients.
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- 2018
47. Red foxes harbor two genetically distinct, spatially separated Echinococcus multilocularis clusters in Brandenburg, Germany
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Mandy Herzig, Pavlo Maksimov, Christoph Staubach, Thomas Romig, Jenny Knapp, Bruno Gottstein, and Franz J. Conraths
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Echinococcus multilocularis ,Fox ,Genotypes ,Spatial distribution ,Germany ,EmsB ,Infectious and parasitic diseases ,RC109-216 - Abstract
Abstract Background Alveolar echinococcosis (AE) is a clinically serious zoonosis caused by the fox tapeworm Echinococcus multilocularis. We studied the diversity and the distribution of genotypes of E. multilocularis isolated from foxes in Brandenburg, Germany, and in comparison to a hunting ground in North Rhine-Westphalia. Methods Echinococcus multilocularis specimens from 101 foxes, 91 derived from Brandenburg and 10 derived from North Rhine-Westphalia, were examined. To detect potential mixed infections with different genotypes of E. multilocularis, five worms per fox were analyzed. For genotyping, three mitochondrial markers, namely cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (Cox1), NADH dehydrogenase subunit 1 (Nad1), and ATP synthase subunit 6 (ATP6), and the nuclear microsatellite marker EmsB were used. To identify nucleotide polymorphisms, the mitochondrial markers were sequenced and the data were compared, including with published sequences from other regions. EmsB fragment length profiles were determined and confirmed by Kohonen network analysis and grouping of Sammon’s nonlinear mapping with k-means clustering. The spatial distribution of genotypes was analyzed by SaTScan for the EmsB profiles found in Brandenburg. Results With both the mitochondrial makers and the EmsB microsatellite fragment length profile analyses, mixed infections with different E. multilocularis genotypes were detected in foxes from Brandenburg and North Rhine-Westphalia. Genotyping using the mitochondrial markers showed that the examined parasite specimens belong to the European haplotype of E. multilocularis, but a detailed spatial analysis was not possible due to the limited heterogeneity of these markers in the parasite population. Four (D, E, G, and H) out of the five EmsB profiles described in Europe so far were detected in the samples from Brandenburg and North Rhine-Westphalia. The EmsB profile G was the most common. A spatial cluster of the E. multilocularis genotype with the EmsB profile G was found in northeastern Brandenburg, and a cluster of profile D was found in southern parts of this state. Conclusions Genotyping of E. multilocularis showed that individual foxes may harbor different genotypes of the parasite. EmsB profiles allowed the identification of spatial clusters, which may help in understanding the distribution and spread of the infection in wildlife, and in relatively small endemic areas. Graphical Abstract
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- 2021
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48. Draft genome sequences data of four Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Dublin archival strains originating from animals in Poland, 1956 – 1957
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Milena Skóra, Renata Kwit, Magdalena Zając, Marta Pietruk, Magdalena Skarżyńska, Ewelina Skrzypiec, Katarzyna Tłuścik, Anna Lalak, and Dariusz Wasyl
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Salmonella Dublin ,Cattle ,Fox ,Whole-genome sequencing ,Pathogen ,Computer applications to medicine. Medical informatics ,R858-859.7 ,Science (General) ,Q1-390 - Abstract
Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Dublin (S. Dublin) is a zoonotic pathogen causing infections in animals, especially in cattle. In this study, we report draft genome sequences of four S. Dublin isolated between 1956 and 1957 from cattle and fox in Poland.Whole genome sequencing was performed on the Illumina platform and the data is available at National Center for Biotechnology Information under the BioProject accession number PRJNA865912. In order to better understand the genetic basis of epidemiology of S. Dublin infection, the obtained sequences were analyzed using the tools which are available at Center of Genomic Epidemiology (https://www.genomicepidemiology.org/) including core genome multilocus sequence typing (cgMLST) and core genome single nucleotide polymorphisms (cgSNPs).
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- 2022
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49. Isolation of extended‐spectrum β‐lactamase‐producing Escherichia coli from Japanese red fox (Vulpes vulpes japonica)
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Tetsuo Asai, Michiyo Sugiyama, Tsutomu Omatsu, Masato Yoshikawa, and Toshifumi Minamoto
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antimicrobial resistance ,ESBL ,fox ,wildlife ,Microbiology ,QR1-502 - Abstract
Abstract Antimicrobial resistance is a global concern requiring a one‐health approach. Given wild animals can harbor antimicrobial‐resistant bacteria (ARB), we investigated their presence in 11 fecal samples from wild animals using deoxycholate hydrogen sulfide lactose agar with or without cefotaxime (CTX, 1 mg/L). Thus, we isolated CTX‐resistant Escherichia coli from two Japanese red fox fecal samples. One strain was O83:H42‐ST1485‐fimH58 CTX‐M‐55‐producing E. coli carrying the genes aph(3″)‐Ib, aph(3′)‐Ia, aph(6)‐Id, mdf(A), sitABCD, sul2, tet(A), and tet(B), whereas the other was O25:H4‐ST131‐fimH30 CTX‐M‐14‐producing E. coli carrying mdf(A) and sitABCD and showing fluoroquinolone resistance. Thus, the presence of extended‐spectrum β‐lactamase producers in wild foxes suggests a spillover of ARB from human activities to these wild animals.
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- 2022
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50. Generalized tuberculosis due to Mycobacterium caprae in a red fox phylogenetically related to livestock breakdowns.
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Pérez de Val, Bernat, Perea, Claudia, Estruch, Josep, Solano-Manrique, Carlos, Riera, Carles, Sanz, Albert, Vidal, Enric, and Velarde, Roser
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RED fox , *TUBERCULOSIS , *WILD boar , *MYCOBACTERIUM tuberculosis , *FOXES , *CANINE distemper virus , *WHOLE genome sequencing , *SINGLE nucleotide polymorphisms - Abstract
Background: Tuberculosis (TB) due to Mycobacterium caprae is endemic in goat herds and free-ranging wild boars in Spain, causing infections in other livestock or wild animals to a lesser extent. TB infection in foxes is infrequently reported and they are usually considered spillover hosts of TB. Case presentation: A blind, depressed and severely emaciated red fox (Vulpes vulpes) was admitted to a rehabilitation center. After clinical examination it was humanely sacrificed. At necropsy, generalized TB lesions were observed that were subsequently confirmed by histopathology along with a co-infection with canine distemper virus. M. caprae was isolated from mycobacterial culture and spoligotype SB0415 was identified. Whole genome sequencing (WGS) of the isolated M. caprae was carried out and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) were compared with other sequences of M. caprae isolated from livestock and wildlife of the same area throughout the last decade. Conclusions: This is the first reported case of TB due to M. caprae in a fox in the Iberian Peninsula. WGS and SNP analysis, together with spatial-temporal investigations, associated this case with recent M. caprae outbreaks in cattle and goat herds of the area. The results indicated transmission of M. caprae between livestock and the fox, suggesting that this species may occasionally play a role in the epidemiology of animal TB. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
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