Search

A task of modeling individual mental features of a decision-maker using a Fourier holography setup is considered. The problem is considered for a situation when current conditions of decision-making contradict to the previously learned rule of decision-making logic modeled by the non-cooperative game "Prisoner's Dilemma". The approach to the problem is based on a hypothesis of the correlation between mental features and the properties of the neural network as a material carrier of intelligence. The 6f Fourier holography scheme of the resonant architecture is considered as a three-layer neural network implementing a neuro-physiologically motivated concept of the "excitation ring" proposed by A.M. Ivanitsky. We analytically assess the dependence of the validity limits of the classical total probability formula for a disjunction of incompatible events on the characteristics of low-frequency filters in holograms and the correlation radii of the training image of the basic decision rule. Analytical results are confirmed by results of the numerical simulation.

The article is dedicated to the search for a biologically motivated mechanism of the cognitive phenomenon of violation of the classical formula of total probability for the disjunction of incompatible events, which is considered by a number of researchers as a quantum-like phenomenon. A classical mechanism implemented by the 6f Fourier holography scheme of the resonant architecture that does not require reference to quantum mechanics either in its physical nature or at the level of formalism is demonstrated. In the analysis, the decision-making is interpreted as a choice of alternatives by using the non-cooperative game "Prisoner's Dilemma". The approach to the task is based on the search for a mechanism for forming a conditional estimate under a condition that contradicts the rule of monotonous decision logic. It is demonstrated that this estimate, in contrast to the unconditional and conditional one with a non-contradictory condition, is formed by logic with exception. The ring architecture of the holographic setup corresponds to the biologically inspired neural network concept of the excitation ring and implements cognitive dissonance on logic with exception. Conditions and ranges of violation of the classical formula of total probability in relation to the correlation radius of the reference image recorded in a hologram storing the monotone logic inference rule are analytically determined. The analytical model is confirmed by a quantitative coincidence of the results of numerical modeling with the published results of natural experiments.

A 6f-scheme of Fourier holography with resonant architecture is considered, which implements memory replenishment with new information that contradicts the previously recorded. It is shown that the low-frequency attenuation due to the nonlinearity of the exposure characteristics of holographic recording media in the initial reference holographic image recorded in a narrow filtering range corresponding to the degradation in the correlation plane of the global maximum of the autocorrelation function below the lateral maxima leads to the response instability – an intermittent mode. It is shown that the intermittent mode corresponds to the restructuring of the autocorrelation function of a composite standard recorded in holograms from one range of values of the approximation model parameters to another. It is shown that the correlation length of the composite image recorded in holograms is an order parameter of the system; its rapid change precedes the loss of response stability and the transition to an unstable regime with intermittency. The results of numerical simulation are presented.

Presented in this paper is the technique of formation of required laser intensity distribution on the target with a reduced speckle noise. The method is based on the use of modified Fourier hologram adapted to controlled phase modulators. Reduction of the speckle noise in the laser energy profile is obtained using multiple incoherent superposition of synthesized holographic images. Each hologram is synthesized with different random diffuser. The advantages of this method: relative simplicity of hardware; robustness with regard to distortions of any kind in input beam and/or optical path of the scheme; controlled reduction of the speckle noise in the final energy distribution.

Presented in this paper is the technique of formation of required laser intensity distribution on the target with a reduced speckle noise. The method is based on the use of modified Fourier hologram adapted to controlled phase modulators. Reduction of the speckle noise in the laser energy profile is obtained using multiple incoherent superposition of synthesized holographic images. Each hologram is synthesized with different random diffuser. The advantages of this method: relative simplicity of hardware; robustness with regard to distortions of any kind in input beam and/or optical path of the scheme; controlled reduction of the speckle noise in the final energy distribution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A central element of a power plant based on inertial confinement fusion (ICF) is a target with cryogenic hydrogen fuel that should be delivered to the center of a reactor chamber with a high accuracy and repetition rate. Therefore, a cryogenic target factory (CTF) is an integral part of any ICF reactor. A promising way to solve this problem consists in the FST layering method developed at the Lebedev Physical Institute (LPI). This method (rapid fuel layering inside moving free-standing targets) is unique, having no analogs in the world. The further development of FST-layering technologies is implemented in the scope of the LPI program for the creation of a modular CTF and commercialization of the obtained results. In this report, we discuss our concept of CTF (CTF-LPI) that exhibits the following distinctive features: using a FST-layering technology for the elaboration of an in-line production of cryogenic targets, using an effect of quantum levitation of high-temperature superconductors (HTSCs) in magnetic field for noncontacting manipulation, transport, and positioning of the free-standing cryogenic targets, as well as in using a Fourier holography technique for an on-line characterization and tracking of the targets flying into the reactor chamber. The results of original experimental and theoretical investigations performed at LPI indicate that the existing and developing target fabrication capabilities and technologies can be applied to ICF target production. The unique scientific, engineering, and technological base developed in Russia at LPI allows one to make a CTFLPI prototype for mass production of targets and delivery thereof at the required velocity into the ICF reactor chamber. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Spatially incoherent Fourier digital holography using a rotational shearing interferometer for four-step phase-shifting method is proposed. The previous incoherent Fourier holography using a rotational shearing interferometer [Watanabe and Nomura (Appl. Opt. 54:A18, 2015)] employs the two-step phase-shifting method in the vertical and horizontal polarizations. The reconstructed image contains a large bias term. This paper proposes introduction of two kinds of wave plates in one path of a rotational shearing interferometer for a four-step phase-shifting method. A Fourier hologram is obtained from the four recorded holograms for eliminating the bias term and the twin image. The numerical simulation and the optical experiment demonstrate improvement of the image quality of reconstructed image by the twin image and bias level reduction. Furthermore, the effect of the size of an image sensor on the image quality in rotational shearing interferometer is also investigated by the numerical simulations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An X-ray interferometric Fourier holography was proposed and theoretically investigated. X-ray Interferometric Young fringes and the reconstruction of an object image were investigated by the Fourier transform method. It was shown that on the output surface of the analyzer crystal (the third plate of the interferometer) the interference pattern of two slits gives X-ray interferometric Young fringes. An expression for the period of X-ray interferometric Young fringes was obtained. The subsequent reconstruction of the slit image as an object is conducted by means of the Fourier transform method of intensity distribution on the hologram. Three methods for reconstruction of the function of complex transmission of the object are presented: an analytical one-the approximate method, the iteration method and the step-by-step approach. As examples a recording of X-ray interferometric Fourier hologram and the reconstruction of the function of complex amplitude transmission of a beryllium circular cylinder are given. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The problem of recognition of the common fragments in a series of images in the absence of a priori criteria relating any one fragment to the common fragments, apart from the frequency of its appearance, is considered with application to recording of superimposed Fourier holograms with spatially modulated reference images. An analysis of the dependence of the variance of the reconstructed images on the number of superimposed holograms and the characteristics of the recorded images is given. It is shown that the problem can be solved for correlated reference images. Theoretical conclusions are confirmed by numerical modeling for presentation images by realizations of a stationary random process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A spherical reference field is used to construct a digital holographic system with a demonstrated resolution up to 228 line pairs per mm. The reference field originates from a GRIN lens placed 1 mm from the illuminated object. This allows the use of a standard sensor to record the hologram with the required numerical aperture. The image is determined by evaluation of the Rayleigh–Sommerfeld diffraction integral that relates the object field in the image plane to the object field in the sensor plane. Experimental results are given for two charge coupled device sensors and one complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor active pixel sensor. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Objective quality assessment of digital holograms has proven to be a challenging task. While prediction of perceptual quality of the recorded 3D content from the holographic wavefield is an open problem; perceptual quality assessment from content after rendering, requires a time-consuming rendering step and a multitude of possible viewports. In this research, we use 96 Fourier holograms of the recently released HoloDB database to evaluate the performance of well-known and state-of-the-art image quality metrics on digital holograms. We compare the reference holograms with their distorted versions: (i) before rendering on the real and imaginary parts of the quantized complex-wavefield, (ii) after converting Fourier to Fresnel holograms, (iii) after rendering, on the quantized amplitude of the reconstructed data, and (iv) after subsequently removing speckle noise using a Wiener filter. For every experimental track, the quality metric predictions are compared to the Mean Opinion Scores (MOS) gathered on a 2D screen, light field display and a holographic display. Additionally, a statistical analysis of the results and a discussion on the performance of the metrics are presented. The tests demonstrate that while for each test track a few quality metrics present a highly correlated performance compared to the multiple sets of available MOS, none of them demonstrates a consistently high-performance across all four test-tracks. • Analysis of the predicted visual quality by the objective quality metrics operating on the hologram plane. • 3D Benchmarking the tested quality prediction methods on numerically reconstructed holograms. • Investigating quality prediction of rendered holograms after speckle denoising. • Assessing the impact of the hologram type, Fresnel or Fourier, on the prediction performance. • General guidelines for deployment of currently available IQMs on holographic content. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]