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En este artículo se presentan los resultados del estudio arqueológico del yacimiento fortificado altomedieval de Faro de Budiño (O Porriño, Pontevedra) realizado entre los años 2015 y 2018, bajo una triple metodología basada en la prospección superficial, teledetección y excavación. Los resultados han permitido documentar dos fases de ocupación en la Alta Edad Media: una situada entre finales del imperio romano y el reino suevo y otra vinculada al período de expansión del poder político de la monarquía ovetense. En ambos casos se constata un importante esfuerzo constructivo que refleja poderes con amplios recursos y capacidad de control territorial. Además se plantea el funcionamiento en red de esta fortificación junto a otros yacimientos del entorno. Todo ello aporta nuevas perspectivas cronológicas y funcionales para un tipo de yacimiento escasamente investigado en el noroeste peninsular y nos permite plantear algunas reflexiones preliminares sobre el contexto en el que se insertan. ____________________________________________ ABSTRACT: This paper presents the results of the archaeological study of the early medieval fortified site of Faro de Budiño (O Porriño, Pontevedra) carried out between the years 2015 and 2018. The study was based on a methological approach that combined surface survey, remote sensing and archaeological excavation. The results have allowed us to identify two phases of occupation of the site during the Early Middle Ages: the first one between the end of the Roman Empire and the Suebian kingdom, and the second one during the expansion of the political power from the Oviedo monarchy. In both cases there is a significant constructive effort that reflects powers with ample resources and capacity for territorial control. In addition, it is here suggested that this fortification functioned in a network with other sites in the surrounding area. All of this provides new chronological and functional perspectives for a type of site that has been scarcely researched in the northwest of the Iberian Peninsula and allows us to propose some preliminary reflections on the context in which they are inserted.

Green roofs have received much attention in recent years due to their ability to retain rainwater, increase urban diversity, and mitigate climate change in cities. This interdisciplinary study was carried out on three historical green roofs covering bunkers in Wrocław, located in southwestern Poland. It presents the results of a three-year investigation of the water storage of these roofs. The study also presents soil conditions and spontaneous vegetation after their functioning for over 100 years. The soils covering the bunkers are made of sandy, sandy-loam, and loamy-sand deposits. This historical construction ensures good drainage and runoff of rainwater, and is able to absorb torrential rainfall ranging from 100 to 150 mm. It provides suitable conditions for vegetation growth, and forest communities with layers formed there. In their synanthropic flora, species of European deciduous forests dominate, which are characteristic of fresh or moist and eutrophic soils with a neutral reaction. Some invasive species, such as Robinia pseudoacacia, Padus serotina, and Impatiens parviflora, also occur with high abundance. Nowadays, historical green roofs on fortifications, although they have lost their primary military role, are of historical and natural value. These roofs can promote the nonmilitary functions of historical fortifications in order to strengthen the ties between nature and heritage. Protecting and monitoring historical green roofs should be included in the elements of the process of sustainable development and the conservation of these structures in order to mitigate climate change in the outskirts of the city. For this, it is necessary to ensure proper conservational protection, which, in addition to maintaining the original structure, profiles, and layout of the building, should include protection of their natural value.

This work proposes a theoretical and conceptual basis for the study of the fortified landscapes of the Galician- Portuguese border in the Modern Age. From this theoretical framework there was designed a research program that studies these landscapes. It proposes an approach to the study of this type of archaeological record from the Landscape Archeology and the Archeology of Architecture, introducing the concepts of built space and Archeology of Built Space. El presente trabajo constituye la base teórica y conceptual desde la que se ha abordado el estudio de los paisajes fortificados de época moderna en la parte occidental de la frontera luso-galaica y se ha diseñado un programa de investigación para tal fin. Se propone una aproximación al estudio de ambas realidades del registro arqueológico desde una aproximación simbiótica entre la Arqueología del Paisaje y la Arqueología de la Arquitectura, introduciendo los conceptos de espacio construido y Arqueología del Espacio Construido.

El presente trabajo constituye la base teórica y conceptual desde la que se ha abordado el estudio de los paisajes fortificados de época moderna en la parte occidental de la frontera luso-galaica y se ha diseñado un programa de investigación para tal fin. Se propone una aproximación al estudio de ambas realidades del registro arqueológico desde una aproximación simbiótica entre la Arqueología del Paisaje y la Arqueología de la Arquitectura, introduciendo los conceptos de espacio construido y Arqueología del Espacio Construido., This work proposes a theoretical and conceptual basis for the study of the fortified landscapes of the GalicianPortuguese border in the Modern Age. From this theoretical framework there was designed a research program that studies these landscapes. It proposes an approach to the study of this type of archaeological record from the Landscape Archeology and the Archeology of Architecture, introducing the concepts of built space and Archeology of Built Space.

This poster was presented on day 2 September 2014 in the sesion "A12 Detecting the Landscape(s) - Remote Sensing Techniques from Research to Heritage Management congress" of the XVII World UISPP Congress, celebrated in Burgos., In the Institute of Heritage Sciences (Incipit), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), we have developed a transdisciplinary research project to study the Modern Age (17th century) fortified landscapes in the Galician-Portuguese border. In recent years, different techniques based on geospatial technologies for landscape analysis have allowed us, among other things, to identify and visualize some of these fortifications, to analyse their conservation status and to understand their relationship with other fortified elements. Among these techniques, we include the photogrammetric restitution of historical aerial photos and airborne laser scanning data. The research of this fortified landscape was based on documentary and bibliographic sources, archaeological prospection, architectural survey, photo-interpretation, the formal analysis of archaeological space, where we include the movement and perception analysis, the stratigraphic analysis or the use of a number of representation systems. Many of these fortifications from the Minho valley present significant conservation problems, since in some cases they are built on earth, wholly or partially destroyed after the war or hidden under dense vegetation. Some of these fortified structures were identified in the documentary sources,but are not visible nowadays or in the field or even on recent aerial photos. In these cases, the archaeological work has been done with the photointerpretation of historical aerial photos from the 1950s and the use of airborne laser scanning data. This poster will summarize the workflow and results of the application of these geospatial technologies to the Galician-Portuguese border fortified landscape. For our purposes, the application of airborne laser scanning data has allowed us to identify the archaeological features that were hidden by vegetation. We were then able to document the exact location of some fortifications, to check their condition and, above all, to make them visible, enhancing the visualization of certain structures. Similarly, the use of historical aerial photos, has allowed us to identify some fortifications that are now disappeared, or to check the deterioration that many have suffered from the 1950s to the present. The landscape is a complex construction in which different meanings, different human actions and various historical layers intersect on a natural space. For its identification, documentation and assessment is necessary to use multidisciplinary approaches and to apply different tools. In this case,conventional archaeological work has been combined with other strategies that have improved our understanding of the Galician-Portuguese border fortified landscape, recovering the memory of some of the fortifications that form part of it and that were apparently lost.

Traballos de Arqueoloxía e Patrimonio (TAPA), [ES] El texto recoge el resultado de los trabajos realizados en el Castillo de La Palma entre los meses de junio a septiembre de 2004, con motivo de la realización del proyecto “Sondeos arqueológicos, lectura de alzados y rectificación fotográfica de las fachadas este y sur del Castillo de La Palma (Mugardos, A Coruña)”. El proyecto lo encargó la sociedad Castillo de La Palma Mugardos S.A. a un equipo conjunto del “Laboratorio de Arqueoloxía del Paisaxe” del CSIC y del “Laboratorio de Patrimonio, Paleoambiente e Paisaxe” del IIT – USC. Estos trabajos se enmarcaban en la elaboración de un proyecto arquitectónico para la rehabilitación de dicho castillo como Hotel-Spa., [EN] The text reflects the result of work carried out in the Castle of La Palma between June and September 2004 as part of the project "Archaeological Surveys, reading elevations and Photographic rectification of the east and south facades of the Castle La Palma (Mugardos, A Coruña)". The project was commissioned by the Society Castillo de La Palma Mugardos S.A. a joint team of the "Laboratory of Paisaxe Arqueoloxía" CSIC and the "Laboratory Heritage, Paleoenvironment and Paisaxe" IIT - USC. This work is framed in the development of an architectural project for the rehabilitation of the castle as Hotel., Actuación financiada por Castillo de La Palma Mugardos S.A. Clave administrativa: 2004/CI465

[EN] The beginning of the Modern Age is highly visible in the transformations that took place in the landscape of the Baixo Miño region during the period of war suffered by this border emplacement. Advances in the technical knowledge and poliorcetic planning created the most suitable forms for defending the territory. Unlike the situation in other historical periods or areas of study, we know the theoretical and defensive strategies that were used as the basis for military constructions for each specific purpose and emplacement. Military idiosyncrasy allows little leeway to the builders, which means that the implantation of the general systems of fortification and defense along the Galician-Portuguese border were planned on the basis of exhaustive knowledge of the natural environment in which they had to be located. Consequently it was the landscape that had to the dominated in order to choose the precise location where the fortifications were to be built. [EN] The beginning of the Modern Age is highly visible in the transformations that took place in the landscape of the Baixo Miño region during the period of war suffered by this border emplacement. Advances in the technical knowledge and poliorcetic planning created the most suitable forms for defending the territory. Unlike the situation in other historical periods or areas of study, we know the theoretical and defensive strategies that were used as the basis for military constructions for each specific purpose and emplacement. Military idiosyncrasy allows little leeway to the builders, which means that the implantation of the general systems of fortification and defense along the Galician-Portuguese border were planned on the basis of exhaustive knowledge of the natural environment in which they had to be located. Consequently it was the landscape that had to the dominated in order to choose the precise location where the fortifications were to be built.