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China’s remarkable rise as an international technology and innovation powerhouse comes courtesy of domestic efforts to upgrade its scientific enterprise. In this brief, Cong Cao, a professor in innovation studies at Nottingham University Ningbo China, argues that the globalization of science has also played a significant role, fostering links between Chinese and international researchers, allowing Chinese students to study abroad, and attracting foreign direct investment to China’s research sector. However, as pressures in Western countries to decouple from China mount, the future of China’s science, technology, and innovation system faces strong headwinds.

Purpose: Although the impact of FDI on the Polish economy is relatively well recognised in the literature, analyses of sectoral differentiation of FDI in Poland are rarely undertaken, so the aim of this article is to establish the relationship between FDI inflows and the development of innovation in the construction materials sector. Design/methodology/approach: The study employs a comprehensive desk research approach, analyzing statistical data on foreign investments This methodology allows for a detailed examination of the correlation between FDI inflow and innovation of construction materials enterprises in the construction materials industry. Findings: The article identifies the nature of innovations generated in the surveyed entities and their penetration into the national environment. Research limitations/implications: If research is reported on in the paper, this section must be completed and should include suggestions for future research and any identified limitations in the research process. The article is an attempt to answer the question: how innovative are entities with foreign capital operating in the construction materials industry in the Polish economy and whether there are spillover effects, to the domestic environment. To be used in economic policy in order to increase the absorption of capital in the form of FDI and increase the innovativeness of the economy Practical implications: Although the allocation of FDI is subject to market mechanisms that enforce innovation as a condition of competitiveness in order to remain competitive, the strengthening of the attractiveness of the capital allocation conditions indicated/identified in the article through a conscious government policy enhances innovation. To be used in economic policy in order to increase the absorption of capital in the form of FDI and thus increase the innovativeness of the economy. Originality/value: Establishing the relationship and conditions between FDI inflows and innovation development in a specific low- and medium-technology sector. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This study aims to examine the effects of the entry of foreign direct investments (FDIs) on the audit markets in developing countries (i.e. Egypt). There is a long-standing debate on the impact of FDIs on developing markets, but little is still known about the effect of FDI on national suppliers, such as audit firms. Design/methodology/approach: This paper reports the results of a study that used qualitative research methods. It involves interviews with senior management teams of the Big 4 audit firms, to find out how these firms deal simultaneously with conflicting global and local influences. The interviews were complemented by the publicly available data on the firms' websites as well as published reports related to the Egyptian economy and current investment regulations. Findings: Drawing on the institutional theory, the findings suggest that an increased litigious environment, compliance with developed markets' regulations, auditor regulatory sanctions and improved local accounting and auditing standards are highly significant consequences of foreign investment inflows. The findings indicate that more emphasis has been given to the quality of audit and auditors' independence when auditing FDIs. Both audit regulators and audit firms in the domestic market pay higher attention to improving the quality of financial reports when FDIs have entered the market. More inspections and reviews for audit firms have been conducted, and local auditing and accounting standards have been revised to be in compliance with international standards. Research limitations/implications: Our results have important implications for investors, regulatory authorities and governments in relation to the development, implementation and enforcement of international financial reporting and auditing standards. Originality/value: Policymakers and regulators in Egypt have responded to international pressure by revitalizing their local accounting and auditing standards and adopting international financial reporting and auditing standards. The authors identify strategies that have been adopted by audit firms to face the FDIs' challenges. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The aim of the article is to identify the spatial differentiation in the inflow of foreign capital to individual voivodeships, with a particular focus on Opole Voivodeship. Design/methodology/approach: On the basis of data obtained from the Bank of Local Data (Chief Statistical Office, GUS), an analysis was conducted with reference to the spatial differentiation and its changes. Findings: In the past three decades, the capital invested in the form of Direct Foreign Investments in Opole Voivodeship has displayed the following clear-cut characteristics: dominance of German capital, branch and spatial concentration, tendency toward consolidation of foreign ownership. Research limitations/implications: The analyses of the spatial differentiation in the inflow of foreign capital are limited due to availability of statistical data. Practical implications: The results can provide a useful suggestion as for further research and analyses relating to diversification of regional policies intended to make optimal use of socioeconomic and spatial factors. Social implications: The results of the analysis of the spatial differentiation in the inflow of foreign capital support the conscious formation of the process of societal development in voivodeships within the framework of the general socioeconomic policy. Originality/value: The analysis carried out can offer a starting point for further deepened studies on determinants of locating foreign investment in Opole Voivodeship. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recently, interest in industrialisation has increased again, and reindustrialisation policies have begun to be discussed. Because empirical and theoretical evidence indicates that industrialisation plays a significant role in economic growth and development. Nevertheless, studies analysing the factors affecting industrialisation are limited. In consequence, the main purpose of this paper is to analyse the dynamics of industrialisation in Türkiye over the period 1990-2020. For this purpose, the effects of foreign direct investments (FDI), trade globalisation, and renewable energy, which are thought to affect industrialisation significantly, are investigated. The ARDL bounds test, and the Toda-Yamamoto (1995) causality test are employed in this respect. The findings prove that FDI, trade globalisation, and renewable energy consumption positively impact industrialisation in the long-run. At the same time, Toda-Yamamoto's (1995) causality test results indicate a unidirectional causality from FDI to industrialisation, bidirectional causality between renewable energy and industrialisation and no causality between trade globalisation and industrialisation. In this regard, for sustainable industrialisation, effective policies are necessary for FDI, trade globalisation, and renewable energy. In addition, FDI inflows should be directed to specific sectors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Central Asian Economic Review is the property of Narxoz University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of TESAM Academy Journal is the property of Tesam Academy and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

One of the main objectives of diplomatic activities is aimed at fulfilling economic interests and adjusting to global developments, placing economic diplomacy as a key priority of foreign policy. As of late, there has been a growing interest regarding the diplomatic representations, as actors of economic diplomacy, and the role they hold in increasing foreign trade, attracting foreign direct investments or expanding the presence of companies on foreign markets. Decision makers and academic representatives call attention to the benefits that economic diplomacy, through the activity employed by diplomatic missions, can bring to the field of economic international relations. Therefore, the purpose of this article is to underline the contribution of diplomatic representations in the growth of national companies in the international markets, based on the qualitative and quantitative research studies on the subject of economic diplomacy.

The study examines the impact of geopolitical tensions, which have increased sharply in recent times, on international capital flows. It shows that geopolitical tensions affect cross-border investment flows through three main channels: increased geopolitical risks that encourage international investors to reduce investments in countries with different foreign policies; tighter controls on incoming FDI in many countries to ensure national security; and financial sanctions imposed by Western countries to put pressure on other states. Based on the analysis of investment relations between the United States and China, the contradictions between which are the main source of geopolitical tension in the world, the author confirms the conclusion that the influence of geopolitical factors on capital flows between the countries has increased since the second half of the 2010s. However, the study substantiates that the emerging fragmentation of cross-border capital flows can have not only negative, but also positive consequences for the global economy and finance. The compression of capital flows between the countries of the global North and South may push the latter to establish closer integration ties in the financial sector, create financial infrastructure independent of the West, focused on the needs of developing countries, and accelerate the internationalization of their currencies. As a result, these processes could weaken the dominance of Western countries in the global financial system and facilitate its transition to a more equitable multipolar configuration.

The following research paper conducts a comprehensive analysis into the intricate dynamics governing the relationship between Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) and International Trade, with a specific focus on the Western Balkan Countries-6 (WB-6). This research spans the period from 2000 to 2020 and seeks to shed light on the interplay between FDI and International Trade within this region. To analyse and interpret these dynamics, various regression models, including Ordinary Least Squares (OLS), Fixed Effects, Random Effects, and the Hausman-Taylor model, are employed as analytical tools. Moreover, the research takes into consideration the influence of specific institutional factors within each country, which play a pivotal role in shaping foreign investors' decisions to invest in a particular country. The study's results reveal that gravity factors, in conjunction with institutional determinants such as economic integration, control of corruption, political stability, and other indicators of governance quality, significantly impact the attractiveness of the WB-6 countries to foreign investors. The findings of this paper hold substantial relevance for the development of an analytical framework aimed at evaluating national policies and institutions geared towards enhancing the appeal of Western Balkan countries to foreign investors. Furthermore, the research underscores the importance of these host countries prioritizing efforts to bolster the effectiveness of governmental institutions, combat corruption, streamline bureaucratic processes, and improve overall economic conditions to attract and retain foreign investment.

One of the main objectives of diplomatic activities is aimed at fulfilling economic interests and adjusting to global developments, placing economic diplomacy as a key priority of foreign policy. As of late, there has been a growing interest regarding the diplomatic representations, as actors of economic diplomacy, and the role they hold in increasing foreign trade, attracting foreign direct investments or expanding the presence of companies on foreign markets. Decision makers and academic representatives call attention to the benefits that economic diplomacy, through the activity employed by diplomatic missions, can bring to the field of economic international relations. Therefore, the purpose of this article is to underline the contribution of diplomatic representations in the growth of national companies in the international markets, based on the qualitative and quantitative research studies on the subject of economic diplomacy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Hacettepe University Journal of Economics & Administrative Sciences / Hacettepe Üniversitesi Iktisadi ve Idari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi is the property of Hacettepe University, Faculty of Economic & Administrative Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This article examines the impact of membership in the European Union (EU) on foreign direct investments (FDI). In contrast to previous studies, the overall effect of EU membership is disaggregated by countries that joined the EU before 2004 (EU15) and those that joined after 2004 [Central and Eastern European (CEE)]. This disaggregation is motivated by differences between the two groups in terms of their historical background, GDP levels and motives for FDI. Furthermore, the effects of EU membership are estimated at the country level. Using a structural FDI gravity model and applying recent advances in the gravity estimation literature, it is shown that membership of the EU has a substantial positive impact on both inward and outward FDI stocks. In particular, there is considerable heterogeneity in the impact of EU membership, with EU15 countries experiencing mainly an increase in inward FDI, while CEE countries experience a surge in outward FDI. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For several decades, multinational enterprises (MNEs) have offshored their manufacturing activities to low-cost countries to achieve significant productivity gains. However, changes in the relative competitiveness of countries, social effects of deindustrialization in advanced economies and the vulnerability of global value chains (GVCs) revealed by the COVID-19 pandemic have encouraged some firms, supported by governments, to "reshore" part, or all of their offshore industrial operations back to their home country. Reshoring decisions are motivated by a variety of endogenous and exogenous factors that are empirically analyzed in this paper to understand how reshoring policies implemented by governments can more effectively address the factors driving the firms' location decisions. A review of the reshoring policies implemented in Europe, the UK and the US is conducted to provide general policy recommendations regarding policy instruments, SMEs, innovation and regionalization of value chains. This paper fills a gap in the literature by connecting the micro-level supply chain management analysis of firms' reshoring drivers with the macro-level economic policy perspective on reshoring. The review of existing reshoring policies calls for an in-depth analysis by the manufacturing sector and at the local level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, we investigate the impact of four religious factors on Moroccan outward FDI in African countries: the religious freedom index, religious tension index, religious similarity, and religious diversity index. Using panel data from 27 African countries between 2007 and 2021, our findings show that religious factors significantly influence Moroccan FDI in Africa. A shared Islamic religion increases FDI likelihood, indicating cultural proximity facilitates multinational enterprise adaptation. Additionally, religious freedom and diversity positively affect FDI, supporting cultural adaptability. However, religious tension negatively impacts FDI. These findings highlight the importance of considering religious factors in FDI decision-making processes. Policy implications include promoting cultural understanding, encouraging religious freedom, fostering religious diversity, and reducing religious tensions to facilitate investment and enhance economic cooperation in African countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of European Journal of Applied Economics is the property of Singidunum University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Abstract Existing studies show that regulation is a major barrier to global economic integration. Nonetheless, identifying and measuring regulatory barriers remains a challenging task for scholars. I propose a novel approach to quantify regulatory barriers at the country-year level. Utilizing information from annual reports of publicly listed companies in the U.S., I identify regulatory barriers business practitioners encounter. The barrier information is first extracted from the text documents by a cutting-edge neural language model trained on a hand-coded training set. Then, I feed the extracted barrier information into a dynamic item response theory model to estimate the numerical barrier level of 40 countries between 2006 and 2015 while controlling for various channels of confounding. I argue that the results returned by this approach should be less likely to be contaminated by major confounders such as international politics. Thus, they are well-suited for future political science research.

Küreselleşme, bilgi ve iletişim teknolojileri ve liberalizasyon açısından dünyada meydana gelen hareketler geçmiş dönemlere göre doğrudan yabancı yatırımların ve yüksek teknolojili ürün ihracatının artmasına imkan sağlamıştır. Bununla birlikte daha fazla yabancı yatırım alan ve yüksek teknolojili ürün üretip ihraç eden ülkeler ekonomik büyüme açısından avantajlı bir konuma sahip olmuştur. Ekonomik açıdan büyüyen ve gelişen ülkeler uluslararası platformda rekabet gücünü artırabilmekte ve daha hızlı bir şekilde kalkınabilmektedir. Bu bağlamda doğrudan yabancı yatırımlar, ekonomik büyüme ve yüksek teknolojili ürün ihracatı arasındaki ilişkilerin incelenmesi, geçmiş dönemlerden daha fazla önem arz etmektedir. Bu çalışmanın amacı doğrudan yabancı yatırımlar, ekonomik büyüme ve yüksek teknolojili ürün ihracatı arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesidir. Bu kapsamda G20 ülkelerinde 2010 – 2021 dönemi için panel nedensellik analizleri kullanılarak araştırma yapılmıştır. Analiz sonucu elde edilen bulgular ülke düzeyinde değişkenler arasında nedensellik ilişkilerinin var olduğunu ve bu ilişkilerin yönünün ülkeden ülkeye değiştiğini göstermektedir. Panel düzeyinde elde edilen bulgular ise doğrudan yabancı yatırımlar, ekonomik büyüme ve yüksek teknolojili ürün ihracatı arasında çift yönlü bir etkileşim olduğunu ve bu değişkenlerin karşılıklı olarak birbirlerini etkilediklerini ortaya koymaktadır.

This study comprehensively investigates the causality relationship between the credits provided by the monetary sector to the private sector, value-added production and foreign direct investments and economic growth in the Turkic Republics (Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan and Türkiye) in the period 1995-2022 and the direction of this causality. In the study, the Dumitrescu and Hurlin causality test was used to investigate the causality relationship between the variables and the direction of causality. The aim of the study is to understand the economic growth dynamics and development processes of these countries in more depth, thus developing the necessary policy recommendations for sustainable growth. In the study, it was determined that the credits provided by the monetary sector to the private sector affect economic growth unidirectionally. In addition, it was determined that there are bidirectional causality relationships between economic growth and value-added production and foreign direct investments. These findings reveal the main driving forces of economic development in the Turkic Republics and provide important clues that will play a key role in shaping the development strategies of these countries. In this context, the study aims to contribute to the understanding of the economic and financial dynamics specific to the region and constitutes a valuable guide for policy makers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Enabling the readers to understand the impact of the foreign institutional investment in Indian markets. This will enhance the readers understanding importance of FII in the growing economies like Indian financial market. This about the opportunities that are brought by foreign institutional investors to the Indian market. Study also enables the readers to understand the importance of FIIs and easy access of the capital for different businesses and startups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research examines whether environmental regulations have a moderating effect on the link between foreign direct investment and the environment, as well as the effect of foreign capital investments on environmental quality for BRICS nations. In this approach, using second-generation panel data methodologies for the period 1992–2020, the impacts of foreign direct investments, real national income, consumption of renewable energy, and environmental stringency index on the load capacity factor are explored in the base empirical model. In order to test if there is any evidence of a potential parabolic link between economic growth and environmental quality, the model also includes the square of real national income. In addition, in the robustness model, the moderating role of environmental policy on foreign investment and environmental quality is checked. Empirical results show a U-shaped association between environmental quality and economic development. The usage of renewable energy and the environmental stringency index is also shown to improve environmental quality, although foreign direct investments decrease it. Finally, it is determined that environmental regulations are effective in undoing the negative impacts of foreign capital investments on environmental quality, demonstrating the validity of their moderating function. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Movements in the world in terms of globalization, information and communication technologies and liberalization have allowed foreign direct investments and high-tech product exports to increase compared to previous periods. However, countries that receive more foreign investment and produce and export high-tech products have an advantageous position in terms of economic growth. Economically growing and developing countries can increase their competitiveness in the international platform and develop faster. In this context, examining the relations among foreign direct investments, high-tech product exports and economic growth is more significant than in previous periods. The aim of the study is to examine the relationship among foreign direct investments, high technology product exports and economic growth. In this context, research is conducted using panel causality analyses in G20 countries for the period 2010 - 2021. The results of the analysis show that there are causal relations between the variables at the country level and the direction of these relations varies from country to country. The findings obtained at the panel level reveal that there is a bidirectional interaction among high-tech product exports, foreign direct investments and economic growth, and that these variables affect each other. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Mostariensia: Journal of Social Sciences & Humanities is the property of University of Mostar and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper examines in detail the current Community framework for the screening of foreign direct investments (FDI) in the European Union, in the context of Special Report No 27/2023 published by the European Court of Auditors. This analysis is essential for understanding the dynamics and implications of foreign direct investment on national security and competition in the European Union, in light of contemporary geopolitical and economic realities. The study examines both the scope and main objectives of the European legal framework and the evolution of investment screening mechanisms in the Member States of the European Union, presents the European Court of Auditors' organization, mission, vision and values, as well as the scope and approach to external public audit, focusing specifically on the findings and recommendations of the European Court of Auditors, critically examining how European competition authorities manage these investments and the European Commission's responses to these challenges. By using a mixed methodology that combines the analysis of official documents with interviews and case audit, the paper provides a thorough assessment of the effectiveness and efficiency of current regulations and suggests directions for improving the European Union's policy in this area. The results show that although the Community framework has recently been strengthened, significant adjustments are still needed to adequately address the risks associated with foreign direct investment and to balance security and economic development needs in the bloc. In conclusion, the paper recommends a prudential and coordinated approach in the review of foreign investment policies, with a particular focus on long-term implications for regional stability and international competitiveness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Foreign direct investment is an important element of strengthening developing countries, as it represents a source of knowledge, capital, technology in the country, and also helps to stimulate the growth of the economy. Foreign direct investment boosts national production, which means more jobs, more income, and lower prices for local production. The article analyzes the special importance of foreign direct investments for the economy and social condition of developing countries, including Georgia, a country with the status of a candidate for the European Union. Georgia is approaching the big family of the European Union, which is achieved through consistent and gradual steps, following European principles and values. The candidate status is an opportunity for Georgia to access additional financial resources, which implies gradually access to those programs and instruments that are available to countries in the process of joining the European Union. Economic benefits include an increase in foreign direct investment. The article analyzes the dynamics of the volume of foreign direct investment in Georgia, in various aspects, including country groups, regions, EU countries and sectors. The purpose of the article is to evaluate the economic and social role of direct foreign investments in Georgia and the advantages of joining the European Union in the mentioned context. As a conclusion, the main findings are formulated, the existing challenges are identified and relevant recommendations are given. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As there are many studies on the predictors of corporate social responsibility (CSR) reporting, the influences of foreign direct investments (FDIs) knowledge spillovers (KSs) on CSR reporting in developing countries remain unclear. This paper introduces the passive‐learning KSs concept to explain whether, why, and how domestic firms learn CSR knowledge from their foreign counterparts. First, we investigate the relationship between foreign ownership and the quality of CSR reporting (CSRQ). Second, we test the moderating effect of three types of direct institutional pressures: the green development policy, the mandatory CSR reporting requirement, and CSR regulations issued by the State‐owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission. Third, we examine the moderating effect of board interlocks to explore the indirect impacts of institutional pressures. We run regressions on a sample of Chinese A‐share listed companies and the hypotheses are generally supported. This paper contributes to the literature on CSR reporting and FDIs KSs by adopting the passive‐learning KSs theory to explain CSR KSs in developing countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article examines the challenges that Algerian economic policy has faced in a globalized world from 2000 to 2022 using a VAR model to identify causal relationships between different variables. The results reveal that the Economic Competitiveness Index, Foreign Direct Investments, the exchange rate, money supply, and public expenditures had a positive and significant impact on economic growth in Algeria, while public debt had a negative effect. These findings underscore the crucial importance of balanced management of various economic policy variables to achieve sustainable economic growth in Algeria. They also emphasize the need for policymakers to consider these relationships both in the short and long term when designing and implementing economic policies aimed at promoting the country's economic development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Itobiad: Journal of the Human & Social Science Researches / İnsan ve Toplum Bilimleri Araştırmaları Dergisi is the property of Itobiad: Journal of the Human & Social Science Researches and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The following research paper conducts a comprehensive analysis into the intricate dynamics governing the relationship between Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) and International Trade, with a specific focus on the Western Balkan Countries-6 (WB-6). This research spans the period from 2000 to 2020 and seeks to shed light on the interplay between FDI and International Trade within this region. To analyse and interpret these dynamics, various regression models, including Ordinary Least Squares (OLS), Fixed Effects, Random Effects, and the Hausman-Taylor model, are employed as analytical tools. Moreover, the research takes into consideration the influence of specific institutional factors within each country, which play a pivotal role in shaping foreign investors' decisions to invest in a particular country. The study's results reveal that gravity factors, in conjunction with institutional determinants such as economic integration, control of corruption, political stability, and other indicators of governance quality, significantly impact the attractiveness of the WB-6 countries to foreign investors. The findings of this paper hold substantial relevance for the development of an analytical framework aimed at evaluating national policies and institutions geared towards enhancing the appeal of Western Balkan countries to foreign investors. Furthermore, the research underscores the importance of these host countries prioritizing efforts to bolster the effectiveness of governmental institutions, combat corruption, streamline bureaucratic processes, and improve overall economic conditions to attract and retain foreign investment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper’s objective is to present a comprehensive view on the evolution of the Romania’s exports between 2018-2022 and its interdependence with imported goods and foreign direct investments in the same period. This topic is particularly relevant nowadays since world is going thru multiple crises that indicates turbulent times at least on short and medium term. Romania, with a long-term war at its borders, is facing the biggest challenges after the 2008 financial crisis and need to understand its current status quo on the international trade and areas on which should focus to obtain a competitive advantage through cost, differentiation, or both. These tempestuous times are an opportunity for Romania to address the current challenges and to assure a transition to a stronger and resilient economy. Therefore, the paper will analysis the Romania competitiveness in the international trade in the current context and will offer a view on the potential competitive advantages. Besides capturing the evolution of exports, imports and foreign direct investments, the paper includes recommendations that could be valuable for exporting companies and the government of Romania in understanding the potential actions that could be taken to obtain a competitive advantage.

Green economic growth ensures the country’s wealth and population well-being with decreasing ecological damages. This strategy requires effective government policy to push economic agents to environmentally friendly behavior and significant financial resources to invest in technological modernization. The study aims to assess whether promotion of green economic growth in post-Soviet countries depends on direct and portfolio investment. The paper develops the index of green economic growth performance considering traditional economic growth, social, and environmental indicators. To determine the contribution of direct and portfolio investments in the promotion of green economic growth performance, regression equations (for the panel of countries as a whole and each country in particular) are developed. All models are supplemented with traditional economic growth control variables (GDP growth, inflation, gross fixed capital formation, trade). The information base is public data from the World Bank for the sample of 13 post-Soviet countries for 2000–2021. It was revealed that Estonia and Latvia have the highest level of green economic growth performance, while Ukraine, Uzbekistan, and Kazakhstan have the lowest. The most effective country (Latvia) uses its green economic growth potential only for 62.33%. Modeling results do not confirm the significance of foreign and portfolio investment contributions in promoting green economic growth in most post-Soviet countries (portfolio investments boost green economic growth in Estonia and Moldova, while foreign direct investments contribute to green economic growth in Ukraine). These results might be explained by a lack of institutional capacity and government efficiency to ensure effective absorption of investments.

(Series Information) European Papers - A Journal on Law and Integration, 2023 8(2), 411-416 | European Forum Insight of 27 July 2023 | (Table of Contents) I. EU strategic autonomy and technological sovereignty: an overview. - II. Mapping the sectors of EU strategic autonomy and technological sovereignty. - III. Identifying cross-cutting instruments to guarantee EU’s strategic autonomy. - IV. Structure and Contents of the Special Focus | (Abstract) This Special Focus aims at reflecting on the concepts of European technological sovereignty (ETS) and European strategic autonomy (ESA). Taking a legal perspective, it gathers the Insights of a group of scholars on highly debated issues such as the EU’s strategic autonomy, technical and digital sovereignty.

Africa’s economy continues to be characterized by increasing environmental pollution caused by anthropogenic activities. Despite the implications of environmental pollution in the continent, little attention has been paid to it, although almost all its countries are signatories to the Paris Agreement. One macroeconomic variable that has proven to be a major driver of environmental pollution in the region is industrialization. However, despite the numerous explorations on the connection between industrialization and environmental degradation, limited studies have examined the linkage amidst the series in East Africa. This study was, therefore, conducted to help fill that gap. In accomplishing this goal, econometric techniques that control cross-sectional correlations, heterogeneity, and endogeneity, among others, were employed for the analysis. From the results, the panel under consideration was heterogeneous and cross sectionally correlated. In addition, the studied series were first differenced stationary and co-integrated in the long run. The elasticities of the regressors were explored via the cross sectionally augmented autoregressive distributed lag (CS-ARDL) estimator, the cross sectionally augmented distributed lag (CS-DL) estimator, and the augmented mean group (AMG) estimator. According to the results, industrialization led to a reduction in the environmental quality in the region through high CO2 emissions. In addition, financial development, foreign direct investments, urbanization, and energy consumption were not environmentally friendly in the bloc. On the causal linkages amid the series, bidirectional causalities between industrialization and CO2 emissions, energy consumption and CO2 emissions, and foreign direct investments and CO2 emissions were detected. Finally, one-way causal movements from financial development and urbanization to CO2 emissions were unraveled. These findings are useful in helping stimulate the emission mitigation agenda of the region. Based on the findings, the study recommended, among others, that national policies that can promote energy conservation at the industrial level and can convert the industrial structure of the region to a low carbon-intensive one should be formulated.

This article summarises how the Spanish foreign-direct-investment framework has changed, specifically, the screening mechanisms for specific investments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The proposed sale of the Norwegian company Bergen Engines (BE) in 2020–2021 from Rolls Royce, UK, to Russian-controlled Transmashholding, listed for US sanctions, would have increased Russian military capability in a way that was not consistent with Norwegian or NATO security interests. Yet, the Norwegian Ministry of Foreign Affairs initially had no objections. In the New Cold War situation, lessons from this case are relevant beyond Norway as regulatory loopholes can be exploited by non-allied powers. This article integrates perspectives from intelligence and organisation theory, using public documents as data, to analyse the BE case processing, its compliance with the established regulatory framework, sanctions and public threat assessments to understand and explain why the sale to sanctioned Russian-controlled entity was not administratively stopped, under the Export Controls Act or as Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) under the Security Act, before the decision-making process escalated into public scrutiny and parliamentary critique. This article suggests that regulatory frameworks for Norwegian Export Controls and FDI need to be strengthened and reorganised. It is also important to define and operationalise considerations to national security across ministries in Norway. Joint operationalisation is also relevant for NATO and the EU in the current security situation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: This study aims to explore how domestic entrepreneurs can benefit from the thriving global agribusiness by establishing themselves in agro-industrial segments that can best remunerate capital and labour. The ways in which domestic entrepreneurs in Brazil enter different segments of the agribusiness industry were assessed with specific attention to implications for the development of local agro-industrial capabilities. Methods: We assessed the current market share of domestic companies in relation to foreign multinationals in various segments of the sugar and ethanol supply chain in Brazil. Results: Foreign multinationals are market leaders in the fertilizers, machinery and trading segments (domestic companies market share is 20.3%, 33.3% and 42.9% in those segments respectively). However, Brazilian companies have achieved higher market share in segments such as plant breeding, sugarcane processing and farming (domestic market share is 93.2%, 67.4% and 75.5% respectively). Plant breeding, farming and trading benefit from governmental support in research, subsidized credits and market policies respectively. Conclusions: By investing in agro-industrial sectors developing countries can benefit from agribusiness expansion for their economic growth. Investments in science and technology and domestic regulatory actions can help to build country capabilities, although the impacts are sometimes limited to the agro-industrial sectors where domestic companies are more competitive. These lessons can help other developing countries to assess their opportunities and challenges for agro-industrial development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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This paper examines the relationship between ethical behavior of firms and foreign direct investments in African countries and tests whether the judicial independence moderates this association. The sample includes 108 country-year observations over a period of 2014–2017. Findings show that the ethical behavior of firms is positively associated with foreign direct investment. Similarly, judicial independence has a positive and significant effect on the same variable. When testing for the moderating effects of judicial independence, the association between ethical behavior of firms and foreign direct investment remains positive and significant for high judicial independence sub-sample, while it becomes insignificant for countries characterized by low judicial independence. The findings highlight the importance of business ethics in attracting foreign direct investment inflows in African countries. It also emphasizes the need to consider the role played by high judicial independence in strengthening this association. These results signal to policy makers in African countries the importance of adopting enforcing rules obliging firms to act ethically and strengthening judicial independence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]