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The natural underground environment has unique characteristics when compared to surface environments. These environments feature a reduced complexity food web that includes organisms such as anuran amphibians. This study examines the occurrence of Neotropical anurans in Brazilian caves, utilizing taxonomic, geographic, geological, and environmental data extracted from the scientific literature. A total of 247 anuran records were found in caves across 18 scientific papers covering a 42-years period (from 1980 to 2022). Of these, 177 records (71.6%) displayed the anurans identified to the species level (54 species), with the families Leptodactylidae (13 species; 24.1%), Hylidae (12; 22.2%), and Bufonidae (10; 18.5%) being the most frequently recorded. The anuran records were predominant in the states of Minas Gerais (81 records; 34.8%) and São Paulo (35; 15.0%). The Atlantic Forest had the highest number of records (78; 33.5%), followed by ecotonal zones between the Atlantic Forest and Cerrado (43; 18.5%). Environmental information was scarce in the consulted records, with only 12 providing detail about the cave light zone where the anuran was found (nine in the entrance zone) and 63 indicating the presence/absence of water bodies. Carbonaceous (109; 46.8%) and ferruginous (76; 33.9%) lithology predominated among the caves considered. The low number of sampled caves (55 caves; 0.24%) compared to the total number of caves registered in Brazil (23,278 caves) underscores a knowledge gap regarding Neotropical anurans use of subterranean habitats. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the Atlantic Forest, species distributions are not uniform. The biome has been divided into 8 biogeographic sub-regions, such as the Pernambuco Center of Endemism (PCE), in northeastern Brazil. Nísia Floresta National Forest (Flona) is a protected area situated in the municipality of Nísia Floresta, Rio Grande do Norte state, harboring native vegetation (Atlantic Forest and "Restingas or Tabuleiros") as well regenerating areas, with experimental plots of exotic plants for timber production. Herein, we present, for the first time, a species list of the herpetofauna surveyed at Flona over the past 10 years, using a standardized, long-term sampling design along with visual encounter surveys. We conducted monthly surveys across the area using 84 pitfall traps randomly distributed in 21 arrays throughout the forest's three phytogeographic zones (Restinga, Atlantic Forest, and Regeneration). In addition, we characterized ground-dwelling herpetofauna community diversity across these three zones over the course of an entire year. We collected a total of 39 species of reptiles (among lizards, snakes, chelonians, alligators, and amphisbaenians) and 24 species of frogs. The most frequent family found for reptiles was Dipsadidae, followed by Colubridae. In frogs, Leptodactylidae was the most common, followed by Hylidae. Herpetofaunal diversity in regeneration areas is smaller than forests, which in turn are marginally less diverse than the Restinga. Community descriptors such as equity, presence of exclusive species, and differences in abundances and composition indicate that distinct management strategies for each zone are needed for this protected area. At last, albeit smaller, diversity in regenerating areas is similar to natural areas, a reassuring result considering the significant deforestation the Atlantic Forest has suffered and the urgent need for restoration initiatives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Brazil has one of the greatest diversity of ferns and lycophytes in the world, especially in its humid forests. The knowledge about these plants in the 27 federative units is uneven and can potentially hamper conservation actions aimed at them. In the state of Sergipe, collections of these groups have been sporadic and about 50 species have been cataloged so far, a low number when compared to other states. This study aimed to compile the species of ferns and lycophytes occurring in Sergipe based on herbaria materials and recent samples collected. Therefore, specimens from herbaria were accessed, together with online databases, as well as 13 botanical expeditions were carried out in three areas. Our study recorded of 20 families, 44 genera and 86 species (75 ferns and 11 lycophytes), with eight new records for the state. The most representative families were Pteridaceae (21 spp.), Polypodiaceae (12), Anemiaceae (nine) and Selaginellaceae (eight). The genera Adiantum L. (eight spp.), Anemia Sw. (nine spp.) and Selaginella P.Beauv. (eight spp.) had the highest number of species. The study shows that efforts like these are extremely necessary and may eventually indicate the extent to which the richness of ferns and lycophytes in Sergipe is underestimated, also promoting researches in this area of Botany. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

RESUMO Avaliou-se a ocorrência de picos de radiação luminosa e a resposta fotossintética de espécies arbóreas em um fragmento de floresta secundária semidecidual, no domínio da Floresta Atlântica. Os três locais estudados apresentavam exposições das encostas e índice de área foliar diferentes. Os resultados mostraram que existe uma marcante variabilidade na intensidade de radiação luminosa no interior do fragmento devido à presença de clareiras e variações na arquitetura das copas que compõem o dossel. Plântulas de quatro espécies arbóreas presentes nos locais estudados foram submetidas, em condição de campo, a curtos intervalos, a altos valores de fluxo de fótons fotossintéticos (FFF), visando simular o efeito dos picos de FFF na fotossíntese. Foi observado um aumento praticamente imediato da fotossíntese líquida nas folhas sob alto FFF (500 μmol.m-2s-1), ficando, no entanto, evidente a ocorrência de estado de indução quando as folhas permaneceram por um longo tempo sob baixo FFF (20 μmol.m-2s-1).

The Northeastern Mata Atlântica freshwater ecoregion (NMAF) is recognized for the high degree of endemism of its ichthyofauna, whose evolutionary and biogeographic histories are still poorly understood. Oligosarcus acutirostris is a freshwater fish species endemic to the NMAF, which is distributed in coastal rivers and streams draining Bahia, Espírito Santo, and part of Minas Gerais states in eastern Brazil. Its widespread distribution in currently isolated river basins along the NMAF prompted this study, which aimed to understand what scenarios would be involved in determining its current distribution pattern, and to contribute to a better understanding of the biogeographic history of the NMAF. For this, mitochondrial and nuclear DNA sequences were analyzed based on samples from different localities along the species distribution, including its type locality. Overall, phylogeographic analyses indicate a strong genetic structure within the species evidenced mainly by the non-sharing of haplotypes between most of the basins analyzed. According to the AMOVA results, the current distribution of haplotypes is better explained by the Pleistocene coastal paleodrainages. The results are also used to test and complement a biogeographic hypothesis previously proposed for the drainages of the NMAF. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Apresenta-se o levantamento florístico de samambaias e licófitas em duas áreas de Floresta Ombrófila Densa, no município de Pilar do Sul, estado de São Paulo, seus aspectos ecológicos e uma chave para a identificação das espécies. Os remanescentes de vegetação estudados encontram-se inseridos em matriz silvicultural (Eucalyptus spp.), localizados às margens de cursos d’água, são secundários e, em sua maioria, em estágio médio de regeneração natural. Para as duas áreas foram registradas 112 espécies, distribuídas em 61 gêneros e 20 famílias. As famílias Polypodiaceae, Dryopteridaceae e Thelypteridaceae foram as mais representativas, assim como os gêneros Amauropelta, Cyathea e Pteris. As espécies herbáceas e terrícolas foram as mais comuns entre as formas de vida e substrato, bem como as espécies neotropicais foram mais frequentes em relação à distribuição geográfica. Portanto, mesmo áreas secundárias, circundadas por matriz antrópica, podem abrigar um elevado número de espécies de samambaias e licófitas. A proteção e conservação destes remanescentes são importantes para a sobrevivência destas populações.

O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar a ação da luz e de tratamentos térmicos pré-germinativos na embebição de sementes de Alcantarea imperialis. As sementes foram dispostas em unidades experimentais de 25 sementes sem desinfestação prévia e submetidas a altas e baixas temperaturas e à ausência e presença de luz. Os resultados mostraram a germinação das sementes de A. imperialis somente na presença de luz, apresentando diferenças na absorção de água entre os tratamentos térmicos ao longo do tempo e confirmando o comportamento trifásico de embebição. Apesar das diferenças encontradas entre os tratamentos, a germinação foi baixa, sugerindo que o processo possa ter sido influenciado pela viabilidade das sementes e por processos hídricos puramente físicos. Nesse sentido, ressalta-se a importância de procedimentos de desinfestação e testes de vigor, bem como a necessidade de estudos futuros das relações hídricas das sementes dessa espécie.

This is a taxonomic treatment of four genera and eight species of the hiraeoide and malpighioide clades (Malpighiaceae) in the state of Espírito Santo, Brazil. Hiraea and Mascagnia are the most diverse genera, with three species each, followed by Amorimia and Lophopterys, with one species each. Two species are listed as threatened: H. bullata and M. velutina. The main characteristics that can be used to identify the genera in Espírito Santo are epipetiolar or interpetiolar stipules, the indumentum on the branches, the inflorescence type, the number of elaiophores, and characteristics of the mericarps. Morphological descriptions, identification keys, taxonomic notes, geographic distribution maps, and photographic plates are provided for the species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We present here the treatment of Clusiaceae for the flora of the state of Espírito Santo, Brazil. Sixteen species are recognized: seven species of Clusia, four species of Tovomita, two species of Garcinia, two species of Tovomitopsis, and one species of Symphonia. A brief history of the Clusiaceae in Espírito Santo is presented, as well as descriptions, illustrations, and taxonomic commentary on the species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study is part of the Flora of Espírito Santo project and aimed to survey and describe the morphological diversity of species of Bixaceae from Espírito Santo state, Brazil, as well as to provide data on geographical distribution, biology, and habitat of these species. To do so, fieldwork was carried out in several areas of Espírito Santo and the most important herbaria collections in the state were examined. Bixaceae in Espírito Santo is represented by the genus Bixa, with two species. Bixa atlantica, recently described and repeatedly misidentified as Bixa arborea, is a forest tree up to 20 m tall (rarely appearing as treelet or shrub in savannah-like vegetation), with spine fruits and lacking nectaries in the pedicel apex. Bixa orellana, on the other hand, is recognized as a shrub or treelet up to 5-6 m tall, with conspicuous nectaries in the pedicel apex. The species origin is uncertain, though it occurs sub-spontaneously in Espírito Santo state, where it is widely cultivated due to its value as a spice. In this paper we provide taxonomic descriptions, an identification key, geographic distribution maps, photographic plates and comments on the ecology, conservation, and recognition of both species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The riparian forest sustains an expressive richness and diversity of species and anthropogenic impacts in certain sites have caused changes in the structure of the communities. This study aimed to analyze the composition and structural parameters of the lichen community in riparian forests. The study was carried out in seven sites surrounded by different matrices: rural, urban and industrial. The lichens were mapped using the acetate method and the composition and phytosociological parameters were analyzed. A total of 208 species were identified. The riparian forest sites of the rural matrix differed from the others by the dominance of the morphological forms crustose and squamulose, as well as the predominance of species from humid and shaded environments. Phyllopsora lividocarpa, Phyllopsora parvifolia and Herpothallon minimum presented the highest importance values in the forest sites. The lichen community presented greater homogeneity in riparian forest sites of the urban-industrial matrix. Modifications in the species' composition and structural parameters of the lichen community demonstrated a gradient of disturbances in the different matrices. Preservation actions of riparian forests are essential for the conservation of the species and landscape connectivity since they act as an important reservoir of biodiversity in sites of subtropical watersheds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A floristic treatment is presented for Cunoniaceae in the Caparaó National Park (PNC), located in the Mantiqueira Mountain Range, on the border of the Minas Gerais and Espírito Santo states. This conservation unit comprises the highest mountain peak in southeastern Brazil, Bandeira Peak, at 2,890 m of elevation. Its vegetation encompasses different phytophysiognomies, including Dense Ombrophilous Forests, Montane Semi-deciduous Seasonal Forests, and High-Altitude Grasslands. Cunoniaceae was represented in the PNC by four species: Lamanonia ternata, L. ulei, Weinmannia humilis, and W. paulliniifolia. To contribute to further taxonomic studies and species conservation in the Mantiqueira Mountain Range, morphological descriptions, identification keys, photographs in vivo, and comments on the taxonomy, geographic distribution of the recorded species are provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study presents an update on the occurrence of the genus Brittonodoxa in Brazil with diagnosis, taxonomic comments, illustrations, and geographical distribution data. We recognized three species from Brazil and the geographical distribution of two of them is being expanded: B. cataractae is being reported here for the first time the states of ES, RJ, and RS, and B. lithophila in the Amazon Forest and Pampa biome, occurring in the states of AM, ES, MA, MS, MT, PA, PR, RJ, RS, and TO. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Atlantic Forest is one of the world's biodiversity hotspots. The Pico do Marumbi State Park is home to an evergreen ombrophilous forest with areas of transition to the Araucaria moist forest. In spite of the high diversity of life forms in the area, there are few studies of understory herbaceous plants. The present study reports the rediscovery for Brazil and the first record for Paraná state of an extremely rare species of Thismiaceae, Thismia caudata. The only record so far has been for the Rio de Janeiro state. In February 2021, T. caudata was discovered with fruit and flower. We also present other records of achlorophyllous herbaceous species that were occasionally found near the rediscovered Thismiaceae. In total, eight species belonging to five families are reported with descriptions of the morphology and natural environment, as well as phenological aspects. These are T. caudata, T. cordata, and T. panamensis (Thismiaceae); Langsdorffia hypogaea (Balanophoraceae); Voyria aphylla (Gentianaceae); Apteria aphylla and Gymnosiphon tenellus (Burmanniaceae); Triuris hyalina (Triuridaceae). In addition, we present the very first photographs of T. caudata. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although ferns have a prominent floristic position with their richness center in Atlantic Forest in Brazil, the effect of climate on their phenophases is still poorly known. This group shows different phenological patterns due to the great latitudinal extent, the strong climatic seasonality of this forest, and the leaf dimorphism found in some species. In this scenario, we evaluated the phenological events of Elaphoglossum macrophyllum and related them to climatic factors. Fertility, leaf renewal, and leaf senescence in E. macrophyllum were analyzed based on the monthly survey of 152 plants growing for two years in the subtropical Atlantic Forest, Brazil. The three analyzed phenophases showed the same intra-annual pattern regarding continuity, regularity, and seasonality along the two years, revealing a phenological pattern for the specie. The generalized additive models for location, scale, and shape (GAMLSS) indicated that photoperiod was the most important trigger for fertility and leaf renewal. Temperature, as an important phenology modulator, was related to leaf renewal and senescence. Our data indicate that E. macrophyllum, an endangered species in southern Brazil, withstands the consequences of seasonal climatic variations without the individual mortality, total leaf shedding, or fertility loss. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Diversitas Journal is the property of Diversitas Journal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The present study investigated the knowledge of the inhabitants of the traditional community of Cabaraquara (Guaratuba, Paraná, Brazil) about the nomenclature, ecology and behavior of the birds in the region. Were used data from interviews with the support of plates with pictures of birds yet registered in the region. Were conducted 26 interviews with semi-structured questionnaires, containing four questions to define the interviewee (age, sex, time of residence and occupation); and six questions about 15 local bird species, including nomenclature, song, time, and behavior. The most recognized birds were the Green-headed Tanager (Tangara seledon) with 100% of the citations, Brazilian Tanager (Ramphocelus bresilius) and Dusky-legged Guan (Penelope obscura) with 96%. The birds with the highest frequency of citation are birds of vibrant colors such as Brazilian Tanager, Sayaca Tanager (Tangara sayaca) and Green-headed Tanager and the least mentioned are the birds captured for breeding cage like Double-collared Seedeater (Sporophila caerulescens), Green-winged Saltator (Saltator similis) and Saffron Finch (Sicalis flaveola). The receptivity and interest by the residents show it is feasible to include the topic in conversations about birds. Encouraging bird watching tourism and including the theme in Environmental Education actions are essential to encourage community actions in favor of the conservation of the rich avifauna present in Cabaraquara. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Estudos de polinização com espécies agrícolas são fundamentais para auxiliar gestores ambientais e órgãos governamentais na tomada de decisão relacionadas ao manejo de espécies economicamente importantes. Atualmente, a demanda pelo serviço de polinização biótica e a escassez de abelhas têm causado a necessidade da realização de polinização artificial em cultivos agrícolas. Nosso objetivo consiste em determinar a importância do serviço de polinização biótica para espécies de cultivos agrícolas no Brasil. Foram realizadas buscas nos principais bancos de dados online, procurando por pesquisas relacionados à polinização agrícola no Brasil. Os dados coletados foram organizados em planilhas contendo informações sobre a ecologia, a biologia floral e o sistema reprodutivo. Entre as 69 espécies listadas, 13% são endêmicas e entre as 30 famílias botânicas registradas, quatro tiveram mais destaque: Arecaceae, Passifloraceae, Myrtaceae e Solanaceae. A floresta Atlântica foi o ecossistema mais mencionado e em relação aos atributos florais, houve predominância de flores actinomorfas. Esse tipo de simetria, juntamente com os demais atributos, como morfologia em disco e cor branca, evidenciam uma tendência para a polinização generalista. Apesar da maior menção à xenogamia facultiva, os percentuais de alogamia e xenogamia obrigatória reforçam a necessidade da polinização biótica para assegurar a produtividade nesses cultivos.

A Avaliação de Impacto Ambiental é um instrumento da política ambiental que surge como resposta às preocupações da sociedade sobre os impactos negativos dos empreendimentos e ao reconhecimento dos limites planetários. No Brasil, está inserido no processo administrativo do Licenciamento Ambiental, no qual fragilidades coexistem. Os Impactos Cumulativos (ICs), resultantes de múltiplas alterações decorrentes de intervenções (naturais ou antrópicas) concentradas espacial e temporalmente, corriqueiramente, recebem tratamento insuficiente. A instalação de um Complexo Industrial Portuário (CIP) no município de Pontal do Paraná está em fase de licenciamento ambiental. Este artigo objetivou verificar se e como os projetos do CIP avaliam os ICs por meio de análise documental dos Termos de Referência (TR) e Estudos de Impacto Ambiental (EIA) de cinco empreendimentos. Os resultados apontam que os TRs e EIAs são insuficientes na análise dos ICs. No âmbito político-procedimental, não há institucionalização para a prática de Análise de Impactos Cumulativos. Mesmo que ela ocorra, é imprescindível considerar o peso das relações de poder para aceitação pública de megaempreendimentos. Localmente, as incertezas sobre os ICs refletem cenários de insustentabilidade ambiental.

Copyright of Sustainability in Debate / Sustentabilidade em Debate is the property of University of Brasilia, Center for Sustainable Development and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Paullinieae is a predominantly neotropical tribe comprising six genera (Cardiospermum, Lophostigma, Paullinia, Serjania, Thinouia and Urvillea), of which Lophostigma is the only one not found in Brazil. This study was conducted in the sandy coastal plains (restingas) of Rio de Janeiro state, which from the mouth of the Itabapoana river in the north, bordering Espírito Santo state, to Ponta da Trindade (including Ilha Grande) in the south, bordering São Paulo state. This ecosystem has great biodiversity, but has been constantly threatened by deforestation, human occupation and degradation resulting from tourism. In this area we found 30 species in five genera: Cardiospermum (1 sp.), Paullinia (9 spp.), Serjania (15), Thinouia (2) and Urvillea (3). The taxonomic treatment includes a key to identify the taxa, and for each species a morphological description, illustrations, a map of its geographical distribution, ecological information, phenological data, and conservation status. Most species occurred in ridge forests, followed by dune thicket and non-flooded scrub formations. Among of the 30 species, four (Paullinia coriacea, P. ternata, Serjania fluminensis and S. littoralis) were recorded only in the sandy coastal plains, and four are endemic to Rio de Janeiro state (Serjania eucardia, S. fluminensis, S. littoralis and S. tenuis). In addition, four species are already included in the Red List of Brazilian Flora and another three are indicated in this study as threatened. This research is important not only to improve knowledge of Paullinieae species found in Rio de Janeiro's sandy coastal plains, but also to provide information to be used for conservation measures in the State, as well as in other coastal plains of Brazil. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Ciência Florestal (01039954) is the property of Ciencia Florestal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

O Parque Natural Municipal Fazenda do Carmo (PNMFC) e o Parque Estadual Alberto Löfgren (PEAL) resguardam vegetação nativa e nascentes no ambiente urbano na cidade de São Paulo. Esses remanescentes da outrora Floresta Atlântica que ocupava o município podem ser utilizados como ecossistemas de referência para projetos de restauração ecológica. Este trabalho testou um protocolo para priorização de espécies arbóreas nativas recomendadas para plantio em projetos de restauração ecológica, baseando-se nas espécies arbóreas catalogadas nesses dois parques urbanos. Foram compiladas listas florísticas produzidas nas unidades ou em florestas naturais próximas (75 espécies para o PEAL e 83 espécies para o PNMFC) e, para cada espécie, foi realizada a busca bibliográfica de atributos funcionais, a fim de priorizar aquelas capazes de compor a estrutura do ecossistema e/ou desencadear processos ecológicos importantes para a autossustentabilidade. A base de dados de atributos funcionais foi aplicada num protocolo para o ranqueamento das “espécies alicerce”, para cada unidade de conservação. O protocolo mostrou-se eficaz na seleção das espécies promissoras para projetos de restauração, mas possui como fator limitante a disponibilidade de informações ecológicas sobre as espécies.

Objetivou-se avaliar o efeito de borda com base nas diferenças dos atributos funcionais das árvores (densidade da madeira, diâmetro e altura) na restinga de Grumari, RJ, região de Floresta Atlântica. Em campo, delimitaram-se duas bordas: Banco Halles e Lagoa Feia. Em cada borda foram selecionadas árvores com diâmetro ≥ 10 cm. Registrou-se o diâmetro e a altura de cada árvore, sendo também coletadas amostras de madeira. A densidade da madeira foi obtida pelo método de imersão. Os testes t de Student e Wilcoxon foram utilizados na análise dos atributos funcionais para verificação de diferenças entre bordas. A correlação de Pearson foi aplicada para constatar relações entre os atributos. Adicionalmente, estimou-se a biomassa das árvores e comparou-se a média entre bordas. Foi observado que apenas a altura apresentou diferenças significativas entre bordas (t 2,55; p 0,02). Os atributos funcionais não apresentaram relações significativas entre si e a borda Banco Halles apresentou maior estoque médio de biomassa (126,48 ± 71,14 kg) do que Lagoa Feia (71,5 ± 40,67 kg). Este estudo sugere que o efeito de borda poderia estar influenciando a variação dos atributos funcionais em um mesmo remanescente com diferentes históricos de distúrbio e ocupação.

Two new species of Dyschoriste (Acanthaceae), endemic to northeastern Brazil, are described: D. eulinae and D. vinacea. For each species we also provide a diagnosis, illustrations, taxonomic comments, preliminary conservation assessments, palynological data, distribution map, and photographs. A key to the species of Dyschoriste occurring in northeastern Brazil is presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Vascular epiphytes represent a remarkable characteristic of the tropical cloud forests. The Serra da Mantiqueira (SM) represents one of the main highland areas of Brazil harboring vegetation remnants, and highlighting the cloud forests. We present a checklist of the vascular epiphytes found in the cloud forests of the SM, discussing the data about taxonomic representativity, distribution in the phytogeographic domains, habits, threatened status in Brazil and the states comprising the SM (Espírito Santo-ES, Minas Gerais-MG, Rio de Janeiro-RJ, São Paulo-SP). Field expeditions were performed between 2012 and 2019, as well as data gathering from scientific collections and published articles. We found 678 species, representing approximately 20% and 30% of the species found in Brazil and Atlantic forest, respectively. The richest families (Orchidaceae, 288 spp.; Bromeliaceae, 112 spp.; Polypodiaceae 65 spp.) corroborated the patterns found in different scales. Forty-one species are threatened nationally (and regionally, there are 149 in ES, 55 in MG, six in RJ, 31 in SP). These numbers of richness and threatened species highlight the relevance of directing efforts toward knowledge and conservation of both cloud forest remnants and SM as a whole, under pain of losing of a large part of the floristic diversity of Atlantic forest. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Loganiaceae is a member of the Gentianales order and comprises about 460 species in 16 genera, being mainly distributed in the tropical regions of the world. The Brazilian Neotropical region is one of the centers of diversity for two of the richest genera of Loganiaceae, Spigelia and Strychnos, justifying floristic efforts to better understand family diversity in this region. This study aims to update the taxonomic knowledge about the Loganiaceae of the state of Pernambuco, Northeastern Brazil, providing an identification key, diagnostic characters of the species emphasizing vegetative features, illustrations and photos, distribution maps, and occurrence within Conservation Units. We analyzed collections from 18 local herbaria and conducted field expeditions to strategical locations of the state between 2017 to 2019. In total, we identified 16 species belonging to three genera: Mitreola (1), Spigelia (8) and Strychnos (7). As shown in previous studies, the morphology of the carpoatlas was determinant in the recognition of Spigelia species. In Pernambuco, Mitreola petiolata, Spigelia flemmingiana, S. laurina, S. scabra, Strychnos atlantica, S. divaricans, S. mattogrossensis, and S. trinervis were found only in the Atlantic Forest, while Spigelia alborubra, S. linarioides, S. pernambucensis, Strychnos gardneri, and S. rubiginosa were found only in the Caatinga domain. Spigelia anthelmia, S. polystachya, and Strychnos parvifolia have continuous distribution between both phytogeographic domains, presenting high morphological variability in these areas. Among the 16 loganiaceous species, 13 belong to 20 different Conservation Units spread over the two phytogeographic domains, highlighting the importance of maintaining these areas for the conservation of biodiversity in the state. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Studies conducted on vascular epiphytes in Minas Gerais have revealed high richness in the seasonal semideciduous forests (SSF) in comparison with those of other Brazilian states. This study aimed to present a vascular epiphyte checklist of the Serra do Relógio (SR) in the Atlantic Forest of Minas Gerais, in order to analyze the similarity between two areas in different altitudes, as well as to discuss the high richness recorded for this synusia in the SSFs of this state. The survey was performed in two conservation units (CUs) apart from each other approximately 6 km and with elevations varying between ~500 and 1,434 m. The data were obtained from published articles and fieldwork performed between the years 2016 and 2019. We recorded 158 species distributed in 76 genera and 22 families. This richness is greater than those found in some ombrophilous forests, which was an unexpected result due to the high moisture of this phytophysionomy. Although approximately 66% of the species found in the SR are anemochoric and the compared CUs are geographically close, the similarity was only 22%, suggesting that the difference in altitude between the areas and the history of use can impose filters that influence the floristic composition of each one area. These results highlight the importance of preserving the forest remnants in Brazil and creating and maintain CUs to protect them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hemitrichia leiocarpa was collected in the state of Pernambuco, northeastern Brazil, in 1968, and five decades passed before its second collection in the country. The species was rediscovered in the Pedra Talhada Biological Reserve, municipality of Quebrangulo, state of Alagoas, 225 km from the first location. A description of specimens that sporulated in moist chamber culture prepared with ground litter and deposited in the Myxomycetes collection of the UFP Herbarium is provided. Detailed and updated information on the worldwide geographical distribution of the species is provided, as well as information on substrates and microhabitats based on bibliographic sources and herbarium catalogues. The species can be considered near threatened (NT) based on IUCN criteria and its inclusion in the Brazilian Red List of Threatened Species is recommended. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bonnetia stricta is the only species of Bonnetiaceae in eastern Brazil, where it occurs in the states of Alagoas, Bahia, Espírito Santo, Rio de Janeiro and Sergipe. It is easily recognized by the alternate, spiral leaves grouped at the apex of the branches and showy white to pink flowers with numerous stamens. As a contribution to the Flora of Espírito Santo project, this study provides a description, illustrations, taxonomic comments and a distribution map of the specimens of B. stricta from the state. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Central Mountain Region of Espírito Santo state is located in the Atlantic Forest domain in eastern Brazil, which is the third largest center of diversity and endemism for Cactaceae. The state has 42 native species and 13 genera of this family. The aim of this study was to conduct a floristic-taxonomic study of Cactaceae in the Central Mountain Region of Espírito Santo, an area of extreme priority for conservation of Atlantic Forest biodiversity. Field trips were carried out between November 2013 and February 2016, with some additional collections and herbarium specimens were assessed. Twenty-two native species of Cactaceae were recorded for the region, which belong to the genera Coleocephalocereus (2), Epiphyllum (1), Hatiora (2), Lepismium (2), Pereskia (1), Rhipsalis (12), Schlumbergera (1) and Selenicereus (1). Of these species, 18 are epiphytes, 12 are rupicolous and 2 are climbers, some of them exhibiting more than one life-form. Two species are endemic to the state and eleven are assessed as threatened species regionally. This study contributes to improve what is known about Cactaceae in Espírito Santo state. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chloranthaceae comprises four genera and about 70 species. In Brazil, the family is represented by Hedyosmum, with three species, occurring in the Amazon, Cerrado, and Atlantic forest. In the state of Espírito Santo, the family is represented by Hedyosmum brasiliense. In this study we provide a morphological description, geographic distribution, photographs, and comments on this species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study provides a taxonomic treatment for Ulmaceae in the state of Espírito Santo, Southeastern Brazil. Two species were recorded: Ampelocera glabra and Phyllostylon brasiliense, the latter recorded for the state for the first time. Descriptions, an identification key, and comments on its distribution and conservation are provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We present the taxonomic treatment of four genera and six Malpighiaceae species from the state of Espírito Santo, Brazil. We analyzed herbarium specimens (BHCB, CRVD, MBML, RB, SPF and VIES) and collected specimens in field expeditions from January 2018 to April 2019. Bunchosia was the richest genus with three species recorded in this state, followed by Barnebya, Heladena, and Thryallis, with a single species each. We present morphological descriptions, identification keys, taxonomic notes, distribution maps, and photographic plates for all species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to assess the diversity of Inga in the state of Espírito Santo (ES), in order to establish diagnostic characters and circumscription of the species through a detailed analysis of botanical collections. This analysis was based on morphological analysis of specimens collected in the ES and deposited in herbarium collections. The study provides identification keys, descriptions, illustrations, taxonomic comments, geographic distributions, distribution patterns, and phenology data for the species. Twenty-six taxa of Inga were recognized in ES. Of these, 14 (52%) are endemic to Brazil, one of which, Inga teresensis, is restricted to ES. Species of Inga occur predominantly in dense ombrophilous forest (23 taxa), followed by seasonal semideciduous forest (16 taxa), open ombrophilous forest (nine taxa), and pioneer formations (eight taxa). Among dense ombrophilous forests, a higher diversity of Inga species was present in slope forests (22 taxa) than tabuleiro forests (15 taxa). Inga aptera, I. cabelo, I. maritima, I. platyptera, and I. unica are listed as threatened. The distribution of four taxa, I. aptera, I. ciliata subsp. ciliata, I. cylindrica, and I. subnuda var. luschnatiana was extended to ES. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As part of the Flora of Espírito Santo project, we present the taxonomic treatment of the fern family Saccolomataceae, with a key, descriptions, illustrations, and a list of examined specimens. Two species of Saccoloma occur in the state of Espírito Santo: S. elegans and S. nigrescens. Both species are endemic to the Brazilian Atlantic Rainforest. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pontederiaceae is a small family of Monocots, composed of two genera (i.e., Heteranthera and Pontederia) and ca. 40 species. Two genera and 27 species are accepted for Brazil. In the state of Espírito Santo, Heteranthera is represented by two species and Pontederia by four species. Its species are exclusively found growing in aquatic or paludal, perennial or seasonal environments. We present descriptions, comments, and illustrations for the species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Myrcia (Myrteae, Myrtaceae) is represented by 101 species in the Brazilian state of Espírito Santo, but local floristic surveys on this genus still lack in this centre of diversity and endemism. In this context, a taxonomic account of Myrcia in the Vale Natural Reserve (VNR), Linhares, Espírito Santo, is presented. Forty-six species were registered in this study, representing 46% of the richness of the genus in Espírito Santo. Twenty-five species (54%) are endemic to the Atlantic domain and seven are endemic to Espírito Santo. Myrcia scytophylla is reported in the Atlantic forest for the first time and M. cymatophylla, M. congestiflora, and M. ferruginosa are new occurrences in the state. Species composition revealed by this study considerably differs from that of a previous checklist. Representatives of Myrcia can be found in all main vegetation types of the VNR and the anthropic areas. The study site must be considered prioritary for conservation of Myrcia due to the presence of a rich assemblage, which also includes restrict and threatened species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cloud forests usually occur at high-altitude sites of the Atlantic Forest in eastern Brazil, albeit scattered and fragmented along the mountain tops. In this habitat, the vegetation occurs at low-temperature conditions and is usually provided by additional water sources that arise due to the horizontal precipitation of the frequent fogs. Together with the more considerable air movement and higher luminosity, these factors are conditioning for singular floras at high elevations, mainly the vascular epiphytes, which are macro and microclimate dependent. In the mountains range at the center of the Espírito Santo state, Southeastern Brazil, some mountain tops such as Pedra Azul (PA) hold these environmental features. Here, we aimed to present the first checklist of vascular epiphytes in the Pedra Azul State Park and surroundings based on fieldwork and herbarium specimens. The checklist comprises 152 species, 65 genera, and 17 families, the main families being Orchidaceae, Bromeliaceae, and Polypodiaceae, with the main genera represented by Vriesea, Acianthera, and Peperomia. The holoepiphytes were the main category among the epiphytes, although an unusually high number of facultative epiphytes were recorded. Asplenium theciferum and Octomeria cucullata are recorded in Espírito Santo for the first time, and we confirmed the occurrence of Rhipsalis cereuscula in the state. Overall, the richness recorded in PA is amongst the highest of the Atlantic Forest cloud forests. Six species are threatened at the national level and 32 at the state level. These results support the importance of the protected area for conserving the flora; however, several species - including threatened - were only recorded in the surroundings, demonstrating that the buffer zone of the Pedra Azul State Park must be included in the management plans. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Paulo César Vinha State Park (PEPCV), an important conservation unit in the state of Espírito Santo, has one of the richest angiosperm communities of any restinga area in Brazil, making it a priority area for biodiversity conservation. In this study, we perform an inventory of the PEPCV flora through an exploratory collection over the park area and compilation of data from botanical collections available in virtual herbaria. A total of 634 species were listed, distributed into 367 genera and 111 families of angiosperms, representing 43.75% of the species documented in the restingas of Espírito Santo. The richest families were Fabaceae (54 spp.), Cyperaceae (40 spp.), Orchidaceae (40 spp.), Myrtaceae (36 spp.), and Poaceae (30 spp.). Six species were recorded for the first time in the park, ten are endemic to the Espírito Santo, and about 10% of the species are threatened with extinction. We provide data on the habit, species distribution in phytophysiognomies, and endangered species. Finally, we discussed the importance of broad knowledge about the park's plants, exposing points to conserve specific areas with high antopic rate, and plans to preserve the biodiversity of this ecosystem. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We provide the floristic treatment for Acanthaceae in the Serra Negra, a region belonging to the Mantiqueira Range. We recorded nine genera and 16 species of Acanthaceae: Aphelandra longiflora, Hygrophila costata, Hypoestes phyllostachya, Justicia carnea, J. citrina, J. dasyclados, J. minensis, J. serrana, Lepidagathis kameyamana, Mendoncia puberula, M. velloziana, Odontonema barleriodes, Ruellia brevifolia, R. elegans, R. macrantha, and Staurogyne euryphylla. They occur naturally in the Atlantic Rainforest and other Brazilian domains, found predominantly in forest environments. Species studied had their distribution area expanded, with new records for the Atlantic Rainforest and for the state of Minas Gerais. Morphological descriptions, identification key, photographs, and the geographic distribution are provided for each species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Marsh rats of the genus Holochilus are broadly distributed and inhabit several distinct environments throughout South America. As an enigmatic group with a somewhat uncertain taxonomy, the composition and names of taxa have shifted throughout history, including the boundaries of Holochilus sciureus , a species formerly distributed in the lowlands of the Guianas, Peru, Bolivia, and northern, central, and northeastern of Brazil. Based on a combination of morphological and morphometric traits, and genomic sequences, we redefined species boundaries and split this wide concept of H. sciureus into three separated species, including a redefined H. sciureus , the newly erected from synonymy H. nanus , and an unnamed taxon. We describe this unnamed species, and provide emended diagnoses for the two redefined species. The newly named taxon inhabits the northeastern part of Brazil and differs from the other congeners by a unique combination of phenotypic and genomic characters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract. Here are described and ilustrated Szelenyiopria loiaconae sp. nov., Szelenyiopria jataiensis sp. nov., and the male of Szelenyiopria distinguenda (Loiácono) (Hymenoptera, Diapriidae). Novas espécies de Szelenyiopria Fabritius e descrição do macho de Szelenyiopria ditinguenda (Loiácono) (Hymenoptera: Diapridae) Resumo. Neste estudo, são descritas e ilustradas Szelenyiopria loiaconae sp. nov., Szelenyiopria jataiensis sp. nov., e o macho de Szelenyiopria distinguenda (Loiácono) (Hymenoptera, Diapriidae).

RESUMO O Parque Estadual de Itapeva (PEVA) é uma Unidade de Conservação de proteção integral, localizada no litoral norte do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, cujo objetivo principal é a preservação de ecossistemas naturais de grande relevância ecológica e beleza cênica como dunas, banhados, mata paludosa e mata de restinga, remanescentes da Floresta Atlântica. Objetivando conhecer as briófitas existentes no PEVA foi realizado levantamento florístico através de caminhadas livres, resultando na identificação de 101 espécies, 46 gêneros e 31 famílias. Dentre as fitofisionomias amostradas, a floresta arenosa de restinga sobre afloramento rochoso foi a mais expressiva, com 70 espécies identificadas. Catorze espécies são novas ocorrências para o Estado do Rio Grande do Sul e entre essas, sete são novos registros para a região sul do Brasil. Os resultados indicam que o PEVA é uma importante área de conservação que preserva a biodiversidade demonstrando a necessidade de mais estudos florísticos no Estado, especialmente no Litoral.

RESUMO (Gesneriaceae da Serra do Relógio, Descoberto, Estado de Minas Gerais, Brasil). A Serra do Relógio está localizada no município de Descoberto, Zona da Mata no Estado de Minas Gerais. Há duas importantes Unidades de Conservação, a Reserva Biológica da Represa do Grama (RBRG) e a Reserva Particular do Patrimônio Natural Alto da Boa Vista (RPPNABV). Juntas abrangem uma área total de 402,6 hectares, sendo composta, predominantemente pela Floresta Estacional Semidecidual baixo-montana. Gesneriaceae está representada na área por oito espécies, distribuídas nos gêneros Besleria (2 spp.), Nematanthus (3 spp.), Paliavana (1 spp.), Sinningia (1 spp.) e Vanhouttea (1 spp.). Neste trabalho são apresentadas descrições, chave de identificação, comentários sobre taxonomia, distribuição e ecologia assim como fotos para todas as espécies.

Neocalyptrocalyx (Capparaceae) is a Neotropical genus that comprises eleven species that occur in the lowlands of Brazil, Guyana, French Guyana, Suriname, Venezuela, and Ecuador. The study of collections deposited in herbaria added to field observations allowed the recognition of three species as new to science, and those are formally presented here: Neocalyptrocalyx aequatoriensis, known only from eastern Ecuador, Neocalyptrocalyx atlanticum from the Atlantic Forest, and Neocalyptrocalyx polycataphyllus from the Brazilian Amazonia. Neocalyptrocalyx aequatoriensis represents the new westernmost boundary for the genus and the first generic record for Ecuador. We present diagnoses, descriptions, ink illustrations, field photos, distribution maps, notes on ecology, habitat, morphology, phenology, conservation status, and a key to distinguish the new species from related species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Historicamente, a Floresta da Tijuca possui um papel fundamental para a cidade do Rio de Janeiro. Atualmente, parte de sua vegetação encontra-se protegida por fazer parte do Parque Nacional da Tijuca (PNT). Um olhar distraído pode sugerir pouca interferência antrópica na sua composição florística e estrutura atuais, o que não se confirma, pois suas matas sofreram diversos usos que contribuem para sua rica História Ambiental, ainda não completamente desvelada. Objetiva-se: i) recontar parte importante da História Ambiental da cidade do Rio de Janeiro, enfocando no reflorestamento empreendido nesta floresta; ii) analisar como ocorreu este reflorestamento, isto é, quais foram suas motivações, espécies selecionadas, quantos hectares de floresta foram efetivamente restaurados, entre outros. Documentos históricos foram utilizados para análise. O que se depreende, preliminarmente, é que a regeneração natural teve um papel fundamental no restabelecimento da floresta, pois Archer e seus sucessores reflorestaram 5,2% da atual área que constitui o PNT.

Resumo Um inventário de fanerógamas da planície costeira da região centro-norte do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil é apresentado. Durante dois anos, todas as fitofisionomias dos municípios de Cidreira, Balneário Pinhal e Palmares do Sul foram amostradas. As espécies foram classificadas quanto ao ambiente de ocorrência, hábito preferencial, naturalidade e grau de ameaça. Foram coletadas 383 espécies de 92 famílias, sendo 365 (95%) nativas e 18 (5%) exóticas. As famílias de maior riqueza foram Asteraceae (45), Poaceae (30), Cyperaceae (24) e Fabaceae (23). As formações campestres apresentaram a maior riqueza florística (146), seguidas pelas florestais (132) e lacustres (17). Os hábitos preferenciais foram herbáceo/arbustivo (68%), árvore (20%), trepadeiras (6%), epífitas (6%) e parasitas (1%). Ao todo, foram registradas 18 espécies em alguma categoria de ameaça. Os dados encontrados representam uma alta riqueza de espécies para região sendo compatíveis às estimativas e ao encontrado por outros autores em áreas costeiras, e devem-se basicamente pelo mosaico fitofisionômico e geográfico da região e pela influência dos biomas Mata Atlântica e Pampa. Ameaças à flora local foram evidenciadas, principalmente relacionadas à degradação dos habitats naturais pelos cultivos agrícola e silvícola.

As ondas de calor têm despertado a preocupação quanto aos danos que ocasionam sobre os serviços ecossistêmicos, e combinadas com estiagens, o excesso de calor tem favorecido o aumento da mortalidade das árvores mundo afora. Partindo-se da hipótese em que a região sudoeste do Paraná, apresenta condições favoráveis à ocorrência de anomalias climáticas caracterizadas como ondas de calor de verão, este trabalho teve como objetivo geral, observar o comportamento da temperatura atmosférica no município de Dois Vizinhos, para o interstício entre 2018 a 2020, e em específico: i) analisar quais os intervalos dos horários de verão em Dois Vizinhos, a temperatura atmosférica se apresenta mais elevada; ii) verificar por meio do índice proposto de estresse florestal (forest-based stress index ou FBS), os eventos caracterizados como de onda de calor, entre os anos de 2018 a 2020; iii) discutir a viabilidade do índice FBS, tendo como critério, outros índices de monitoramento ambiental; iv) apresentar argumentos sobre aspectos ecofisiológicos e de conservação florestal. As conclusões foram que o período noturno entre 21h-03h de 2020, da estação de verão de Dois Vizinhos, foi significativamente mais quente, no triênio analisado. O horário entre 15h-21h de 2020 foi significativamente mais quente, entre as categorias horarias analisadas. Por meio do índice FBS de estresse florestal, verificou-se o total de 36 episódios caracterizados como de Ondas de Calor na localidade, inclusive noturnas, entre os anos de 2018 a 2020.