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[Objective] As an innovative way of regulating territorial space, the planning of flexible space is of great significance for improving the scientific quality and effectiveness of spatial planning, and reducing the disturbance and impact of uncertain factors. This study aimed to explore the delineation of land use layout flexible space under uncertain conditions. [Methods] The study took Xuzhou City, a typical resource-based city, as an example. First, an interval optimization model was used to obtain the flexible quantity interval of various land use types. Then, the upper and lower limits of the interval served as the quantity demand to import the PLUS model to simulate the spatial layout of various land use types, and the difference between the two simulated layouts was designated as flexible space. [Results] The results show that: (1) There are differences in the size of the flexible quantity interval of each land use type, among which land use types that contribute more to addressing future uncertainty are rural residential land, farmland, water, urban industrial and mining land, while the smaller ones are grassland and bare land. (2) The flexible space distribution of various land use types shows a certain pattern, and the flexible space of farmland is concentrated in the hotspots of land use change around urban and rural areas, the flexible space of garden plot and woodland is distributed in suitable growth areas such as river banks and low hills, and the flexible space of urban industrial and mining land and rural residential land is mainly distributed in the outer edge areas of their original scope. (3) Based on the flexible space of each land use type, the land types were merged according to the zoning function of the planning, and the conflicting parts of the flexible space were processed according to the suitability to obtain the flexible space of different spatial planning zones. Among them, the flexible space areas of agricultural production zones, ecological protection zones, urban construction zones, and rural development zones account for 1.74%, 0.20%, 1.09%, and 3.31% of the total area, respectively. [Conclusion] The probability distribution of possible conflicts in land use space is the prerequisite for the delineation of flexible space. It is necessary to delineate flexible space of land use layout from an uncertain perspective. Based on interval optimization and PLUS model, the delineation method of flexible space proposed in this study seems feasible, which can provide support for planning decisions.

Operational inefficiencies in healthcare buildings and sustainability issues have become increasingly prominent. The root cause of this phenomenon is the irregular and incomplete structured data related to hospital user activities and spaces that are difficult to resolve using traditional manual methods. In order to solve this problem, an automated mapping approach is presented for hospital user activity and space. Using the Revit API technology and the C# language on the Visual Studio platform, a program for automated mapping is developed. It achieves the automatic mapping of hospital user activities and spaces, along with automatic calculation of utilization rates. An illustrative case study is conducted, focusing on the activity data and building space utilization of healthcare users at Shanghai Renji Hospital. The results indicate that (1) This method can realize the automatic combination of hospital user activities and hospital spaces, and hospital administrators can optimize the utilization rate of hospital spaces quickly and accurately. (2) This approach is highly adaptable, especially to changes in hospital user activities and hospital spatial data. (3) This method promotes the sustainable development of healthcare buildings and has great practical application value. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Background: How can flexible applications of the space and infrastructure of urban distribution centers (UDCs) be organized to help lower demands on space and infrastructure in cities? The application of flexible use of space and infrastructure can improve the efficiency of a UDC, but the challenge lies in the organization of the application of flexibility. Methods: The goal of this research was to identify how flexibility can be organized to impact overall societal benefits for the stakeholders in UDCs. This explorative and qualitative research was applied to the case of Food Center Amsterdam. Results: The results show that stakeholders have a limited understanding of the potential that flexibility can offer; that there is a need for an independent organizing capability and responsibility for collaboration on flexibility; and that a clear way to divide costs, benefits, risks, and opportunities in relation to stakeholder interests is required. Conclusions: Overall, flexibility shows potential to improve the efficient use of infrastructure and space. Further research avenues include the initiation of an organizing capability and distribution method for costs, benefits, risks, and opportunities between stakeholders. The remaining question is, can we get this organized in order to do more with less? [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: How can flexible applications of the space and infrastructure of urban distribution centers (UDCs) be organized to help lower demands on space and infrastructure in cities? The application of flexible use of space and infrastructure can improve the efficiency of a UDC, but the challenge lies in the organization of the application of flexibility. Methods: The goal of this research was to identify how flexibility can be organized to impact overall societal benefits for the stakeholders in UDCs. This explorative and qualitative research was applied to the case of Food Center Amsterdam. Results: The results show that stakeholders have a limited understanding of the potential that flexibility can offer; that there is a need for an independent organizing capability and responsibility for collaboration on flexibility; and that a clear way to divide costs, benefits, risks, and opportunities in relation to stakeholder interests is required. Conclusions: Overall, flexibility shows potential to improve the efficient use of infrastructure and space. Further research avenues include the initiation of an organizing capability and distribution method for costs, benefits, risks, and opportunities between stakeholders. The remaining question is, can we get this organized in order to do more with less?

The proposal and delineation of flexible space is an effective approach to promote innovation in territorial management, improve the scientificity of spatial planning, and meet practical demands in the context of significant economic and social transformation. However, existing research focuses on preliminary theoretical exploration and case studies on individual cities/regions and is inadequate from the perspective of systematic and integrated research. We used visualization analysis software (CiteSpace5.6) to develop a knowledge graph of flexible space research based on more than 800 articles published between 1990 and 2020 on the topic of "Flexible Space" and "Flexible Planning", retrieved from two databases ("Web of Science" and "China National Knowledge Infrastructure"). The research drew the following conclusions: 1) The quantity of English literature had a significant upward trend, but the amount of Chinese literature increased first and then decreased. Most research focused on eco-environmental and engineering perspectives, and ecosystem services and land use suitability evaluation became the novel direction. 2) The cooperative network density of scientific research institutions related to flexible space research was 0.0042, indicating a relatively low degree of cooperation. The segmented cooperative network centered on several institutions including the Chinese Academy of Sciences and the University of Queensland in Australia, etc. 3) The most common knowledge groups included the concept and connotation of flexible space, flexible planning methods, and regulation measures. Features such as land reservation, mixed utilization, and space replacement were emphasized in the descriptive terms, while the use of spatial and quantitative analysis models for spatial optimization and evaluation of suitability were technical focuses,and the most widely adopted methods included decision support systems and agent-based models. Various regulation measures were proposed, with the "rigid-flexible combination" approach being amongst the most widely used. To promote theoretical and systematic research on flexible space, the theoretical framework should be built first as a general guide to related research. The theoretical basis and technical methodology should be improved with the support of multidisciplinary integration to enhance the scientificity and feasibility. Moreover, more case studies on various research areas should be carried out to improve the practicability.

Market is not supported by good facilities and further strengthens the stigma of traditional markets which are slum, crowded, and the smell becomes strong. This study aims to get rid of the bad image of traditional markets so that it attracts more visitors from various circles and optimizes the function of space in the market. The method used in this research is a rational approach and it is resolved with a flexible space approach applied to the choice of building structure, layout, design of the building, and furniture. The results of the implementation of this flexible space can accommodate all activities in the market according to the needs at certain times without disturbing other ongoing activities with a good zoning division in accordance with SNI Pasar Rakyat, so as to create a clean, neat, organized, and clean market. convenient according to user needs.

The proposal and delineation of flexible space is an effective approach to promote innovation in territorial management, improve the scientificity of spatial planning, and meet practical demands in the context of significant economic and social transformation. However, existing research focuses on preliminary theoretical exploration and case studies on individual cities/regions and is inadequate from the perspective of systematic and integrated research. We used visualization analysis software (CiteSpace5.6) to develop a knowledge graph of flexible space research based on more than 800 articles published between 1990 and 2020 on the topic of "Flexible Space" and "Flexible Planning", retrieved from two databases ("Web of Science" and "China National Knowledge Infrastructure"). The research drew the following conclusions: 1) The quantity of English literature had a significant upward trend, but the amount of Chinese literature increased first and then decreased. Most research focused on eco-environmental and engineering perspectives, and ecosystem services and land use suitability evaluation became the novel direction. 2) The cooperative network density of scientific research institutions related to flexible space research was 0.0042, indicating a relatively low degree of cooperation. The segmented cooperative network centered on several institutions including the Chinese Academy of Sciences and the University of Queensland in Australia, etc. 3) The most common knowledge groups included the concept and connotation of flexible space, flexible planning methods, and regulation measures. Features such as land reservation, mixed utilization, and space replacement were emphasized in the descriptive terms, while the use of spatial and quantitative analysis models for spatial optimization and evaluation of suitability were technical focuses, and the most widely adopted methods included decision support systems and agent-based models. Various regulation measures were proposed, with the "rigid-flexible combination" approach being amongst the most widely used. To promote theoretical and systematic research on flexible space, the theoretical framework should be built first as a general guide to related research. The theoretical basis and technical methodology should be improved with the support of multidisciplinary integration to enhance the scientificity and feasibility. Moreover, more case studies on various research areas should be carried out to improve the practicability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Introduction] Under the background of electric reform, the pricing mechanism of transmission price for special projects across provinces has been clarified. Under the overall requirement of lowering the general industrial and commercial electricity price in the country, the transmission price of Power Transmission from West to East Project of China Southern Power Grid Company Limited experienced two downward adjustments in 2018－2019. Clarifying the price flexibility space of the Power Transmission from West to East Project has become the focus of attention of the government and transmission companies. [Method] Based on the pricing experience of domestic and international transregional transmission prices, this paper combines the asset allocation method, the operating period electricity price method, the permitted cost + income and other methods, measuring and comparing the cost of electricity, the accounting price of the pricing plan and the government's issued electricity price of the Power Transmission Project from West to East. [Results] Through the research and calculation of transmission price, the pricing mechanism and flexible space of the Power Transmission Project from West to East has been fully understood. [Conclusion] Based on the actual engineering empirical analysis, it is proved that the calculation method is reasonable and effective, which can provide a basis for the government to reasonably formulate the transmission price and the investment decision of the transmission company.

La fabricación de componentes 3D a través de la línea de ensamblaje implica un alto grado de valor agregado, entre los cuales se incluyen características inteligentes. Las funciones inteligentes nos permiten reconfigurar rápida y fácilmente el espacio donde están instaladas. Este tipo de propiedades suelen estar relacionadas con la comodidad del habitante y las instalaciones (iluminación, sonido, acondicionamiento térmico ...), pero también con la configuración del espacio. Por esta razón, para facilitar su movimiento o reemplazo, su peso y tamaño se convierten en un factor muy importante. Dentro de los componentes 3D, los más adecuados para cumplir estas funciones son los pods 3D y los compactos 3D. El dB alFA-G.100 sirve como fuente de las muestras más importantes del tipo de componentes que se están revisando en este documento, sus propiedades y características se nombran, definen y comparan. Para finalizar, se demuestra cómo las redes de suministros generales son la guía principal para organizar las relaciones espaciales entre los componentes inteligentes 3D (y cuáles son los más utilizados), pudiendo no solo obtener una nomenclatura de componentes inteligentes 3D y su clasificación, sino también incluir las reglas de sintaxis entre ellas que admiten configurar el espacio en ellas. Abstract Manufacturing 3D-components through assembly line implies a high grade of added value, among which smart features are included. Smart features allow us to reconfigure quickly and easily the space where they are installed. This kind of properties are usually related to the comfort of the inhabitant and the facilities (lighting, sound, thermal conditioning ...), but also to the configuration of the space. For this reason, in order to facilitate its movement or replacement, their weight and size become a very important factor. Within 3D-components, the most suitable to fulfill these functions are the 3D-pods and the 3D-compacts. The dB alFA-G.100 serves as a source of the most important samples of the kind of components that are being reviewed in this paper, their properties and characteristics are named, defined and compared. To end, it is proved how general supplies networks are the main guide to arrange the spatial relations among 3D smart components (and which are the most used), being able not only to obtain a 3D-smart components nomenclature and its classification, but also to syntax rules between them which support to configure the space into they are include

Copyright of Argument (2067-4252) is the property of Universitatea de Arhitectura si Urbanism "Ion Mincu" Bucuresti and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This study is mainly influenced by the idea of Manfredo Tafuri that architecture cannot fulfil its ideological task since it started serving capitalism and there are no more utopias. In his book Architecture and Utopia: Design and Capitalist Development, Tafuri discusses the socio-philosophical tangle in which architects have been struggling since the 18th century. According to Tafuri, the drama of today's architecture is the obligation to return to pure architecture, a matter of form without utopia, supreme uselessness. Another influence on the study is Richard Sennett’s book The Corrosion of Character. Sennett mentions the concept of flexible capitalism and explains that work life is not as rigid as it was before. According to Sennett, flexibility has an impact on personal character and asks questions about how to decide the lasting value of we in an impatient society, how to pursue a long-term goal in a short-term economy, how to sustain loyalties to the continually redesigning institutions. Purpose The thoughts of Tafuri and Sennett are discussed through Patrik Schumacher’s Parametricism manifesto. In the manifesto, Schumacher reflects architecture’s evolving patterns of communication in relation to its social task. The main objective of the study is to propose a future space based on the ideas of Tafuri, Sennett and Schumacher. Design/Methodology/Approach This paper discusses the reviews of books of Tafuri and Sennett and manifesto of Schumacher as a methodology. Findings After the reviews of The Corrosion of Character and Architecture and Utopia, there is a discussion of flexible space through parametric design approach. Finally, there is the prediction of future space based on the findings in the previous sections. Research Limitations/Implications There are no research limitations for this paper. Social/Practical Implications According to this paper, parametric design method can be used in practice to achieve the spaces that are needed by the complex society of global era. Originality/Value This paper synthesizes the ideas of two great thinkers, who have influential discourses on architecture and business world, and approaches them from the perspective of parametric design as one of today's design tools, to make predictions about the future space.

Interwar French Maisons du peuple were architectural and programmatic composites—integrating social, political, cultural, recreational and educational activities and agendas. These buildings exemplified how architects and technicians negotiated complex relations between social vision, formal expression, technique, identity and power. Focused on the Atelier Jean Prouvé's contribution to the design and construction of the Maison du peuple of Clichy, this study of how craft-based methods were deployed in the service of innovative design seeks to expand and nuance "machinist" understandings of interwar Modernisms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of International Social Research is the property of Journal of International Social Research and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Para la instalación transitoria de un instituto binacional en la planta libre de un edificio de oficinas, este proyecto de arquitectura despliega un repertorio material que incluye textiles, mosaicos, vidrio y carpinterías de madera: a través de la organización de estos elementos se consigue un espacio interior que, con ligereza, admite diversas reconfiguraciones, permanentemente atravesado por la luz natural que entra desde la fachada vidriada.A bi-national cultural institution move temporarily to a typical office floor plan; the project of architecture introduces a collection of textiles, mosaics, glass and woodwork to house it. The layout delivers a well-lit, flexible space that can be reconfigured at ease, ensuring the entrance of sunlight from the glazed façade.

The management of uncertainties during resource utilization could perceive the underlying uncertainties in advance, thus conversely improving resources and environmental policy design to avoid risk, so nowadays much attention is paid to the research of uncertainties during resource and environmental management. Land use as a kind of important socio-economic activity also suffers from serious uncertainties, and especially the spatial characteristics make that more complicated. Up to now, many literatures have studied the uncertain quantities optimization of land resource, i.e., uncertain land use structure optimization, however that is not enough. Due to different preferences of land use on spatial units, land use planning demands spatial optimization based on the result of land use structure to guide human activities spatially, the uncertainties continue to propagate on space, and finally the flexible space of land resource spatial optimization is formed, which has important implications for formulating land use policy. This paper studies how to designate the flexible space for land resource spatial optimization under uncertain conditions. Firstly the uncertainties during land use optimization were analyzed systematically from views of population, economic, policy and nature variations, while excluding the uncertainties of spatial parameters, and at the same time the numerical expression of uncertainties was defined as uncertain indices to be dealt with. Secondly based on the comprehensive consideration of existing uncertain variables, the interval number was selected to represent the uncertain indices, which were brought into an interval programming model to obtain the flexible size of land use structure optimization, corresponding to the interval size of maximum objective value, in which only economic benefit was set as pursuit, and ecological and social demands were embodied into the constraints. Since the interval sizes of different land use areas were obtained, it was necessary to allocate them spatially to form the flexible space. Thus thirdly, a spatial optimization method was established, in which fitness and spatial distribution such as compactness and contiguity were considered during allocating land use types to spatial units, because it was considered that the final suitability of certain unit to some land use was affected by the conditions of its neighboring units. For each land use type, corresponding metric was selected to evaluate its fitness to spatial units, and we also regulated the influential rule of core cell to its neighbors on fitness. Combining the 2 sides, this method automatically identified which cell could be changed, until the area of changed cell reached the set threshold. Therefore in this way, the lower and upper limit area of each land use type were allocated on space, generating 2 optimization boundary scenarios, the overlapped part of that was defined as optimized boundary, while different part was supposed as flexible space of spatial optimization for that land use type. Lastly Yangzhou, an eastern China city, was taken as a case to illustrate the application of the flexible space designation approach, also providing reference for management policy making of Yangzhou. We could find that: the emergence of flexible space is due to uncertainties, and flexible space is designated to accommodate uncertainties; flexible space designation can perceive and deal with underlying uncertainties in advance, thus improving the effectiveness of land use policy. This research can provide theoretical basis and technical support for flexible space designation of current Chinese general land use planning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Green, energy conservation and environmental protection have increasingly become the theme of the sustained and healthy development of cities against the background of new urbanization, which indicates that the problem of building energy consumption has received growing attention. This paper explores the impact of energy-saving decorations in flexible interior space on energy-saving effect of buildings so as to broaden the horizon of energy conservation in building, thereby alleviating the problem of energy shortage in China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Facing uncertainties related to large-scale renewable energy generation, power systems are confronted with immense challenges in the security operation. To capture the capability of renewable energy integration more accurately on a short timescale, this paper proposes a security region evaluation method obtaining every feasible point rather than the only maximum output point of renewable generators. This evaluation method is based on multi-parametric programming considering network operational constraints, including N−1 security constraints and variable limits. In the obtained security region, each feasible point can map the values of the objective function and optimal variables of the OPF model, which is beneficial for the real-time dispatch. Furthermore, the flexible spaces including the deep peak regulation of generators and the emergency transmission rates of lines are considered to extend the security region of renewable energy integration. The security regions of renewable generator outputs and the transmission power of tie lines, which reflect the range of renewable energy self-accommodation and outside-accommodation, are quantified considering these flexible spaces. The proposed method is tested on the IEEE 39-bus and IEEE 118-bus systems. • The security region evaluation method is proposed based on multi-parametric programming. • The security regions of renewable generators as well as tie lines are evaluated. • Each feasible operation point can map the values of the objective function and optimal variables. • The extended security region contributed by flexible spaces is visually verified. • Case studies demonstrate the desired accuracy of the proposed method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Planning for a new laboratory is exciting and daunting. The project's success starts with an agreed on vision and scope as defined by key stakeholders. In addition to the work of architects and building professionals, such projects require major investment in upfront thought, time, and commitment from laboratory directors, supervisors, and technologists who will use the space. Incorporating design features critical to efficient and flexible workflow as required to meet growing and changing needs will extend the lifetime of the space. Open floor plans may challenge some sensibilities and biosafety concerns but are the vogue for BSL-2 laboratories., Competing Interests: Disclosure The author has nothing to disclose., (Copyright © 2020 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)