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Gynoxys cuicochensis Cuatrec., a member of the Asteraceae family, inhabits the Fierro Urco moor in the province of Loja. Despite not being used in traditional medicine, it possesses significant landscape value due to its striking yellow inflorescence. For investigating its chemical composition and potential pharmacological properties, a phytochemical characterization of the plant's ethanolic extract was conducted. The extract was obtained through static maceration for three days for the initial filtration, followed by one day for the second and third filtrations. Chlorophyll was separated using Diaion HP-20 resin as a solid phase packed in separation funnels, and an ethanol:water liquid phase with a concentration gradient ranging from 6:4 to 9:1 for elution. The dechlorophyllized extract was then freezedried and fractionated using gravity column chromatography. The obtained fractions were further purified through microcolumn and preparative chromatography. To elucidate the chemical structure of the molecules, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry were employed. Two metabolites were isolated for this study. The first one is a known glycosylated flavonoid called Nicotiflorin, while the second one is a phenolic derivative named 1,3-di-O-trans-feruloylquinic acid, which lacks a precise pharmacological description. This discovery represents an interesting and unique finding for this species, suggesting its potential medicinal use. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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O gênero Pistacia pertence à família Anacardiaceae e é composto por cerca de vinte espécies, sendo as mais comuns P. atlantica, P. chinensis, P. integerrima, P. khinjuk, P. lentiscus, P. terebinthus, P. vera e P. weinmanifolia. Várias partes dessas diferentes espécies são ricas em importantes compostos fitoquímicos, incluindo constituintes de óleo essencial, monoterpenoides, sesquiterpenoides, diterpenoides, triterpenoides, tetraterpenoides, flavonoides, compostos fenólicos, taninos, ácidos graxos, esteroides e outros compostos. A literatura publicada revelou muitos usos farmacológicos para várias espécies. As partes das plantas mais estudadas quanto à composição química foram as folhas, com 36%, seguidas dos frutos, com 19 %. Esses usos incluem efeitos antioxidantes, hepatoproteção, efeitos anti-inflamatórios, efeitos antimicrobianos, propriedades cicatrizantes/analgésicas, propriedades anticancerígenas, digestivo e tratamento de várias condições crônicas. Após a investigação completa sobre este gênero, as propriedades fitoquímicas e usos farmacológicos de nove espécies de Pistacia foram descritas nesta abrangente revisão da literatura.

Os objetivos deste estudo foram verificar o efeito da rutina sobre a maturação in vitro (MIV) de oócitos provenientes de folículos secundários de ovelhas cultivados in vitro e analisar o possível envolvimento da via mTOR na MIV, sob influência da rutina. Os folículos secundários foram cultivados por 18 dias em meio α-Mínimo Essencial (α-MEM) suplementado com albumina sérica bovina (BSA), insulina, glutamina, hipoxantina, transferrina, selênio, ácido ascórbico e leptina (meio controle: α-MEM+). Em seguida, os folículos foram avaliados quanto à morfologia, formação do antro e diâmetro folicular e taxa de oócitos totalmente crescidos (≥110 µm). Oócitos totalmente crescidos foram submetidos à MIV em meio de cultivo de tecidos 199 (TCM199) suplementado com soro fetal bovino (FBS), hormônio luteinizante (LH), hormônio folículo estimulante recombinante (rFSH) (meio controle MIV) ou neste meio com 0,1, 1 ou 10 µg.mL-1 de rutina. Ao final da MIV, os oócitos foram avaliados quanto à atividade mitocondrial, concentração de espécies reativas de oxigênio (ERO) e glutationa (GSH), porcentagem de retomada de meiose, fragmentação de DNA e envolvimento da via mTOR. Após 18 dias de cultivo in vitro, 77,5% dos folículos estavam normais e 77,7% tornaram-se folículos antrais, com 380,41 µm de diâmetro. Além disso, 70% dos oócitos que cresceram in vitro atingiram diâmetro ≥110 µm e foram submetidos à MIV. A concentração de 10 µg.mL-1 de rutina aumentou significativamente a porcentagem de oócitos que retomaram a meiose (47,27%) em comparação ao meio controle (30,43%). Houve um aumento significativo nas concentrações de ROS e GSH em oócitos maturados com 0.1 µg.mL-1 de rutina em comparação com os outros tratamentos com rutina (p < 0,05). Além disso, a maturação de oócitos em TCM199+ aumentou (p0,05). Em conclusão, a concentração de 10 µg.mL-1 de rutina aumentou a retomada da meiose e reduziu os danos ao DNA.

El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar los efectos del flavonoide, que es un producto de la producción de cítricos, sobre los parámetros sanguíneos y la concentración de HSP70 en codornices aplicado en condiciones termoneutrales y de estrés por calor. En este contexto, 160 codornices (Coturnix coturnix japonica, macho), de 6 semanas de edad y 150-200 g de peso vivo, se alojaron en jaulas durante 1 semana de ejercicio y 5 semanas de período de ensayo. El diseño del estudio constó de 4 grupos de 40 animales y 4 subgrupos con 10 animales en cada grupo. La agrupación se realizó en forma de 2x2. Los grupos termoneutrales (24 ± 0.1 °C) son NC (0 g de hesperidina/kg de alimento base) y NHES3 (3 g de hesperidina/kg de alimento base) y los grupos bajo estrés por calor (34 ± 0.1 °C) son HC (0 g de hesperidina/kg de alimento base) y HHES3 (3 g de hesperidina/kg de alimento base), y se generaron aleatoriamente. En el caso de estrés por calor, las concentraciones de pO2, pH, HCO3 y Cl disminuyeron en el grupo HHES3 en comparación con el grupo HC (P

Context: Iron (Fe) is considered as a major cause of rural Tunisian soil contamination. Developing strategies for the cultivation of accumulator plants with permissible iron (Fe) concentrations is an urgent challenge. Aims: In this study, the effects of FeSO4 concentration (0, 50, 500 and 1000 mg L−1) on fenugreek morpho-biochemical parameters were investigated. Methods: The use of fenugreek as a phytoremediation strategy to control not only the uptake of Fe but also its safe consumption after treatments was evaluated. Key results: Results showed that elevated Fe concentrations did not affect the germination rate, but, rather, decreased the radicle length and amylase activity. The elemental analysis showed that Fe uptake was higher in shoots than in roots, but lower in harvested seeds. The translocation factor was higher than 1, suggesting a safe use of fenugreek as an accumulator. Moreover, the increase in Fe concentrations reduced the chlorophyll content and enhanced the production of lipid peroxidation, hydrogen peroxide and superoxide dismutase more frequently on fenugreek shoots than on their roots. In turn, the maximum concentrations of flavonoids and phenols were recorded under the Fe concentration of 50 mg L−1. High-performance liquid chromatography analysis showed that the gallic and syringic acids were the major phenols produced under Fe stress in shoots and that 50 mg L−1 of added Fe concentration induced their elevation. However, the quercetin was detected only in roots and was reduced under the increasing Fe concentrations. Conclusions: These results showed that fenugreek is an accumulator plant with admissible concentrations of Fe accumulation, which deploys multiple mechanisms to adapt to Fe stress. Iron (Fe) is an essential nutrient for all organisms, but it can be toxic as a heavy metal when in excess. This work was conducted to evaluate morpho-physiological responses of fenugreek to high doses of Fe. Antioxidant enzymes were enhanced to detoxify reactive oxygen species activity produced under Fe stress. High-performance liquid chromatography phenol analysis showed a production of special compounds under Fe stress. We conclude that fenugreek is an accumulator plant that uses multiple mechanisms to adapt to Fe stress. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Introduction: Urothelial carcinoma is a significant public health problem. Transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) is the most common subtype, accounting for approximately 90 % of all bladder cancers. Chemotherapeutic protocols have been studied, but some present high toxicity and low tolerability. Naringin is a polyphenolic compound found mainly in citrus fruits, which antitumor activity has been studied in several types of cancer. However, there is little information about naringin effects on bladder cancer. This study aimed to evaluate the antitumor potential of naringin in silico and in vitro using two bladder cancer cell lines Method: In silico analysis was carried out by PASS Online software. In vitro, the effects of naringin treatment (12.5 - 400 μM) were evaluated regarding its cytotoxicity, clonogenic survival, morphological alterations, cell cycle progression, migration, and mutagenicity Results: In silico analyses predicted antitumor activity through several mechanisms of action. In vitro results showed naringin presented cytotoxic effects, reduced the number of colonies, inhibited cell migration, and changed the morphology and cell cycle progression of the two cell lines evaluated. However, naringin did not present mutagenic effects. Conclusions: Naringin has antiproliferative activity and is a promising candidate for bladder cancer treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The study was conducted to determine the effects of different rootstocks (Ma × Ma 14, GiselA 5, GiselA 6 and SL 64) on quality properties and bioactive compounds of '0900 Ziraat' sweet cherry fruit. Fruit weight, thickness and length of Ma × Ma 14 and SL 64 was higher than the GiselA 5 and GiselA 6. Firmness of GiselA 6 was lower than the other rootstocks (Ma × Ma 14, GiselA 5 and SL 64). The chroma value of GiselA 5 was greater than the other rootstocks, whereas the hue angle of SL 64 was lower than the other rootstocks. While the lowest SSC and acidity was obtained in GiselA 5, the highest vitamin C was determined in Ma × Ma 14. Total phenolics and total flavonoids, thus antioxidant activity of GiselA 6 and SL 64 rootstocks was higher than Ma × Ma 14 and GiselA 5 rootstocks. Catechin was the major phenolic acid in '0900 Ziraat' sweet cherry fruit. GiselA 6 had higher catechin and 4‑hydroxybenzoic acid content than the other rootstocks. As a result, it was revealed that sweet cherry rootstocks were effective on bioactive compounds and fruit quality characteristics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Background: Ayanin (3,7,4'-Tri-O-methylquercetin) and 3,7-Di-O-methylquercetin (DMQ) are the main active metabolites isolated by bioguided fractionation from Croton schiedeanus, species known popularly in Colombia as "almizclillo", which has been studied in experimental models in rats, exerting vasodilator and antihypertensive effects. Also, when the effect of these flavonoids was studied separately, important vasodilation was observed. Objective: To evaluate whether flavonoids from Croton schiedeanus have synergistic vasodilator properties when different combinations are used in isolated aorta rings. Methods: Cumulative concentrations of ayanin (10-8 M - 6x10-5 M or 0.01 μM - 60 μM) were assayed in the absence and presence of an increasing concentration of 3,7-Di-O-methylquercetin (DMQ) (10-8 - 3x10-5 M or 0.01-30 μM) in isolated rings from Wistar rats, pre-contracted with phenylephrine. The concentration-response curve with the maximal effect was compared with that obtained by Croton schiedeanus whole ethanolic extract (10-6 - 3x10-4 g/mL). Also, this combination was assayed in the presence of the nitric oxide synthetase inhibitor L-NAME (10-4 M) and the guanylate cyclase inhibitor methylene blue (10-4 M) to assess the role of the NO/cGMP pathway in this interaction. Results: Ayanin and DMQ display a dual interaction in vascular relaxant response: agonism at higher concentration ranges (10-6 - 3x10-5 M or 1-30 μM) and antagonism at lower concentration ranges (10-8 - 3x10-7 M or 0.01-0.3 μM). The efficacy at the highest concentration was greater than that obtained by the whole extract (Emax: 98.4% vs. 33.9%). This response was decreased but not reverted in the presence of L-NAME and methylene blue. Thus, the vasodilator effect of this combination does not depend entirely on the NO/cGMP cyclic pathway. Conclusion: The combined use of appropriate concentrations of these flavonoids could represent an advantage over Croton schiedeanus whole extract for vasodilator purposes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives. to assess the anti-inflammatory effect of the flavonoid fraction of Lepechinia meyenii (Walp.) Epling on leukocytes of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Materials and Methods. Plants of the species Lepechinia meyenii (Walp.) Epling were collected and then different flavonoid fractions were extracted by column and thin layer chromatography. The superoxide anion production was evaluated by means of the reduction of nitroblue tetrazolium assay technique in neutrophils obtained from the blood of patients with RA, divided into three groups: negative control, which consisted of neutrophils (5x105 cells); positive control, made up of PMA (phorbol myristate acetate)-activated neutrophils (150 ng/mL), and the treatments, comprised of neutrophils activated and treated with different concentrations of the flavonoid fraction LM8 (60, 120, and 180 ug/mL). The expression of proinflammatory genes was studied by RTqPCR in mononuclear leukocytes obtained from patients with RA, divided into three groups: negative control, which consisted of mononuclear leukocytes (5x105 cells); positive control, made up of phytohaemagglutinin (PHA) (150 ug/ml)-activated mononuclear leukocytes, and the treatment, comprised of mononuclear leukocytes activated and treated with the flavonoid fraction LM8 (120 ug/mL). Results. Several flavonoid fractions were purified, with fraction LM8 showing the best immunomodulating effect. Said fraction diminished the superoxide anion production dependent on concentration. On the other hand, it diminished the expression of TNFα, IL8, and IL17 in mononuclear leukocytes. Conclusions. These results are encouraging in terms of the immunomodulating effect of this Peruvian medicinal plant and justify the continuation of their study for a potential clinical application.

The present work studied the solid-liquid extraction of the flavonoid quercetin from purple onion. Experimental studies of solvent, temperature, raw material mass per solvent volume and extraction time showed the best condition for leaching: ethanol 60% (v/v); 40°C; raw material mass (g)/solvent volume (ml) 1:10; 2 hours and 200 rpm shaking; with a quercetin recovery of 209.83 mgquercetin/graw material and 335.19 mgquercetin/gSST (Total Solid Soluble). With these values the complete extraction process was simulated with the aid of Aspen Plus® software. Starting from a base of calculation of 1000 kg/day of raw material it was obtained a production of 21.7 kg/day of quercetin, in the form of alcoholic extract 40 °BRIX. An ethanol recycle of 788.2 kg/day was estimated, requiring 17.8 kg/day of anhydrous ethanol and 94.3 kg/day of water in the process.

Tomato whiteflies (Bemisia tabaci) and leaf miners (Tuta absoluta) are devastating pests of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum). Pest management using broad spectrum synthetic pesticides is discouraged due to harmful effects on human health and the environment. The objective of this study was to assess the potential of endophytic fungi as bioextracts against tomato whiteflies and leaf miners, as an alternative to synthetic insecticides in Tanzania. The study was done using morphological and molecular techniques, during January 2019 to February 2020 in Arusha region in Tanzania. Three endophyte isolates from pyrethrum (Chrysanthemum cinerariifolium) and lemon grass (Cymbopogon citratus) were identified with resemblance to members of Fusarium sp and Altenaria sp, by 90 and 82% similarity, respectively; based on phylogenetic clustering patterns and macro- and micromorphological characteristics. Bioextracts from endophytes of lemon grass leaves (Elg1); and pyrethrum flowers (Epf1) and leaves (Epl1), showed significant repellency properties (F0.05 (df, 15) = 27.052, P = 0.0001) on whiteflies by 54, 76 and 36%, respectively. They also caused significant lethality (F0.05 (df, 11) = 59.559, P = 0.0001) of tomato leaf miner larvae and whiteflies (F0.05 (df, 11) = 53.600, P = 0.0001). The underlying effect was attributed to possession of flavonoid and total phenolics as active ingredients in the bioextracts. This was commensurate to the levels flavonoid and total phenolic contents, which were considerably more in bioextracts of lemon grass and pyrethrum flower (F0.05 (df, 8) = 10.35, P = 0.0114) and (F0.05 (df, 8) = 40.84, P = 0.0003, respectively), than in pyrethrum leaves. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), ferric reducing power (FRAP), and semivolatile compounds of Conyza bonariensis L. leave extract and fractions are discussed. A methanolic crude extract was obtained through maceration, and subsequently, n-hexane, chloroform, and ethyl acetate fractions were collected using a solvent-solvent partition. Total phenols, flavonoids, and antioxidant activity assays were performed in an ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectrophotometer, and the results were expressed as Gallic Acid, Quercetin, and Trolox equivalents, respectively. The findings achieved indicate that ethyl acetate fraction showed the highest DPPH radical scavenging capacity (90.69±3.16%) at 500 µg mL-1, and reduced the ferric tripyridyltriazine complex (Fe3+-TPTZ) with values between 19.68 and 2,355.37 mg Trolox equivalent (TE) g-1. It was identified 28 phytoconstituents through Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The scavenging activity of ethyl acetate fraction could be correlated mostly to the presence of eugenol, trans-isoeugenol, lucenin-2, methyl salicylate, and syringic acid. This study reveals that the ethyl acetate fraction could be used as a good source of antioxidants for health benefits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pea (Pisum sativum L.) is the fourth leading legume crop in the world, and its demand is increasing. In this study, the morphological characteristics (seed shape, seed surface, seed coat color, hilum color, cotyledon color, 100-seed weight and color values), total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), 2,2'-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonate) (ABTS) free radical scavenging capacity and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) of 75 pea cultivars were investigated. Results showed rich genetic diversity and a wide range of phenolic contents and antioxidant activities. Sixteen varieties enriched with phenolic contents and high antioxidant activities were screened out. A significant correlation was reported among color values, TPC, TFC, ABTS and FRAP. Principal component analysis (PCA) extracted four principal components with a total cumulative contribution of 81.29%. Hierarchical cluster analysis based on the four extracted principal components resulted in a dendrogram dividing the peas into three groups. In addition, dark pea seeds have potential as a functional food in addition to their traditional role in providing dietary protein and fibre. This study provided a scientific basis for the breeding of pea varieties, development of new products and improvement of pea resource utilization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The resistance of Plasmodium to antimalarial drugs resulted in treatment failure. It posed a threat in the absence of alternative effective drug for the resistance. Therefore, the availability of new antimalarial drug was highly required to overcome this problem. Exploration of new antimalarial drugs was conducted using various methods, including exploration and development of natural substance. The selection of the natural substance was usually conducted on the basis of empirical use by people. Manuran (Coptosapelta tomentosa Valeton ex K.Heyne) was used by people living in Kotabaru of South Kalimantan to treat malaria. An in vitro antiplasmodial activity test was carried out to the resulting ethanol extracts of the plant using candle jar method. The resulting data was processed using probit analysis to give the IC50 value. Based on the identification of chemical content with phytochemical screening and Thin Layer Chromatography shows the presence of flavonoids, terpenoids, saponins, tannins and anthraquinones in C. tomentosa Valeton ex K.Heyne) stem. The in vitro antiplasmodial activity of the ethanol ekstract of C. tomentosa Valeton ex K.Heyne) were classified to be active, the IC50 values 45,864 ± 0,76 µg/mL.

Abstract The antioxidant and antibacterial activity and toxicity of natural products can change according to plant variety, as well as the part of the plant which is analyzed. In this study, peel, pulp and seed of four avocado varieties (Quintal, Fortuna, Margarida, and Hass) were analyzed for antioxidant and antibacterial properties and toxicity. There are few studies in the literature comparing these three first varieties. Antioxidant capacity was measured using the DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazil), ABTS [2,2'-azino-bis- (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid)], and FRAP (Ferric Reducing Ability Power) methods, along with the content of phenolic compounds and flavonoids. Principal component analysis was applied for antioxidant tests. Antibacterial activity against food pathogens was assessed by the minimum inhibitory concentration and minimum bactericidal concentration tests. Toxicity was evaluated against Artemia salina and also by hemolytic activity. The ethanolic extract of Quintal variety peel presented the greatest antioxidant and antibacterial activity. This same extract showed no toxicity in the preliminary tests, and shows great potential for food industry application as an additive.

Copyright of Lucrari Stiintifice, Universitatea de Stiinte Agricole Si Medicina Veterinara Ion Ionescu de la Brad Iasi, Seria Horticultura is the property of University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine (Editura Ion Ionescu de la Brad) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Gesunde Pflanzen is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

A highly efficient kinetic resolution and dynamic kinetic resolution of chromene is reported for the first time and they procced by a rhodium‐catalyzed asymmetric hydroarylation pathway. This new approach offers versatile access to various chiral 2,3‐diaryl‐chromanes containing vicinal stereogenic centers, as well as the recovered chiral flavenes, in high yields with excellent ee values (s factor up to 532). Particularly noteworthy is that this strategy can be further extended to the establishment of a dynamic version of the kinetic resolution of chromene acetals and allows complete access to chiral isoflavanes and α‐aryl hydrocoumarins. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The first total synthesis of carthamin (3), a historic natural red pigment, has been achieved. The molecular structure was efficiently constructed by assembling two equivalents of the in situ generated lithiated monomers and triisopropyl orthoformate. This synthesis confirms the structure proposed in 1996. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rosemary is one of the most important medicinal plants. In order to study the effect of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR), Azolla compost and Azolla biochar on dry matter, nutrient uptake, physiological parameters and essential oil of rosemary, a greenhouse experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design with 6 replications. Treatments consisted of T1 (control), T2 (1% (1 g 100 g-1 dry soil) Azolla compost), T3 (1% Azolla biochar), T4 (PGPR (P. fluorescens)), T5 (1% compost + PGPR) and T6 (1% biochar + PGPR). Results indicated a significant enhancement of dry matter, nutrient uptake, photosynthetic pigments, carbohydrate, flavonoid and essential oil contents of rosemary influenced by organic fertilizers compared to control, particularly with co-application of PGPR + compost or biochar. Proline content decreased in all treatments in comparison with control. Results indicated positive impacts of PGPR, compost and boichar of Azolla on rosemary production by increasing nutrient uptake and protecting chlorophyll from degradation and enhancing its content in leaves. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The goals of this paper were to evaluate total polyphenol content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), anti-oxidant capacity (AC) and reducing power (RP) of eight dark chocolates that are sold in Peru. Imported and domestic chocolate samples containing between 50% and 74% cacao were defatted. Defatted chocolate (DCh) was separated and treated to extract phenolic compounds. The TPC and AC were determined by using the Folin-Ciocalteu reagent and two in vitro models based on the free-radical capturing capacity DPPH and ABTS. The RP was evaluated by using the potassium pherricyanide method; in the TFCs assessments, catechin was used as the standard. Chocolate TPC varied between 1.69 ± 0.02 and 5.39 ± 0.17 mg gallic acid/g chocolate and AC (DPPH-IC50) varied between 52.97 ± 1.77 and 158.67 ± 2.04 µg/ml extract, and by means of ABTS the values were between 12.01 ± 0.18 and 32.74 ± 0.49 µmol TEAC/g chocolate. Chocolates with 71% and 72% cacao showed a greater antioxidant capacity, which was confirmed by the RP test. Chocolates showed different levels of TPC, TFC, AC and RP, depended on a large degree of the cacao percentage. However, in some cases there was no direct relationship among results, most likely due to different technological and thermal processes as well as different biological nature of cacao beans. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives. to assess the anti-inflammatory effect of the flavonoid fraction of Lepechinia meyenii (Walp.) Epling on leukocytes of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Materials and Methods. Plants of the species Lepechinia meyenii (Walp.) Epling were collected and then different flavonoid fractions were extracted by column and thin layer chromatography. The superoxide anion production was evaluated by means of the reduction of nitroblue tetrazolium assay technique in neutrophils obtained from the blood of patients with RA, divided into three groups: negative control, which consisted of neutrophils (5x105 cells); positive control, made up of PMA (phorbol myristate acetate)-activated neutrophils (150 ng/mL), and the treatments, comprised of neutrophils activated and treated with different concentrations of the flavonoid fraction LM8 (60, 120, and 180 ug/mL). The expression of proinflammatory genes was studied by RTqPCR in mononuclear leukocytes obtained from patients with RA, divided into three groups: negative control, which consisted of mononuclear leukocytes (5x105 cells); positive control, made up of phytohaemagglutinin (PHA) (150 ug/ml)-activated mononuclear leukocytes, and the treatment, comprised of mononuclear leukocytes activated and treated with the flavonoid fraction LM8 (120 ug/mL). Results. Several flavonoid fractions were purified, with fraction LM8 showing the best immunomodulating effect. Said fraction diminished the superoxide anion production dependent on concentration. On the other hand, it diminished the expression of TNFα, IL8, and IL17 in mononuclear leukocytes. Conclusions. : Rheumatoid Arthritis, Salvia, leukocytes, anion superoxide, proinflammatory genes . [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The estimation of antioxidants in fruit, vegetables, beverages, and foodstuffs has been discussed in a great number of scientific studies, but until now, problems concerning the analysis of antioxidant components of rosé wine has not been adequately investigated. This paper presented results of a study on antioxidant components contained in some samples of rosé wine originating from the Moravian wine growing region. The experiments involved altogether 48 samples of rosé wine made of grapes of the varieties 'Blaufränkisch', 'Blauer Portugieser', 'Pinot Noir', 'Sankt Laurent', and 'Zweigeltrebe'. Grapes were harvested in 2013. Spectrophotometry was used to estimated antioxidant activity (53-73 mg LGAE), content of total polyphenols (152-369 mg L), hydrocinnamic acid (52-148 mg L), flavonols (25-294 mg L) and anthocyanins (88-1754 mg L). The HPLC method was used for the detection of some important antioxidants, i. e. catechin, epicatechin, malvidin-3-glucoside, cis- and trans-resveratrol, ferrulic acid, coumaric acid and caftaric acid. This study enabled to determine basic profiles of the most important antioxidant components of the most popular Moravian red grapevine varieties. The studied wines were analyzed from several different aspects, which is not standard. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

O objetivo deste trabalho, relacionado a produção orgânica, utilizou preparados homeopáticos visando incremento na biomassa e no teor de flavonóides em plantas dióicas de carqueja. Os tratamentos foram: controle com água, controle com álcool 70%, Phosphorus 12CH, Sulphur 6CH, e a combinação destas homeopatias. Variações fenotípicas foram registradas a partir da análise de crescimento, realizada quinzenalmente durante 60 dias e dos caracteres morfológicos, tais como: como altura, número de ramificações, comprimento do ramo principal, diâmetro do caule e ala caulinar mediana. Na colheita foram medidos: a fitomassa fresca/seca e o volume de raiz. Posteriormente, foi quantificado o teor de flavonóides totais conforme as análises prescritas pela Farmacopéia Brasileira. O experimento foi avaliado em delineamento de blocos casualizados (2x5x2), sendo suas médias avaliadas pelo teste Tukey e o coeficiente de variação ambiental para estimar a plasticidade. Quanto ao estudo do crescimento da planta ao longo do tempo, verificou-se aumento linear simples para a maioria das variáveis nos dois sexos. Foram detectadas respostas plásticas na maioria dos caracteres avaliados. De acordo com os resultados, em ambos os sexos, 60 dias de cultivo são suficientes para obtenção de matéria prima com teor aceitável de flavonóides, bem como para verificação dos efeitos de patogenesia e similitude na aplicação de preparados homeopáticos Phosphorus 12CH, Sulphur 6CH e sua combinação Phosphorus 12CH + Sulphur 6CH. A fitomassa e o teor de flavonóides totais foram semelhantes entre plantas dióicas durante o período de estudo.

La investigación tuvo como objetivo obtener extractos de flavonoides de la cáscara de naranja tangelo (Citrus reticulata x Citrus paradisi) y aplicarlos como, antioxidante natural en el aceite vegetal Sacha inchi (Plukenetia volubilis). La información se obtuvo de las pruebas experimentales, que se realizó en siete etapas: caracterización física y química de la naranja tangelo y del aceite vegetal sacha inchi, obtención de los extractos de flavonoides por soxhlet , detección de los flavonoides de cada extracto por cromatografía de capa fina y cromatografía de papel, identificación y cuantificación de los flavonoides por cromatografía líquida de alta resolución (HPLC), determinación de la capacidad antioxidante de cada extracto de flavonoide y finalmente se evaluó la actividad antioxidante en el aceite sacha inchi, del extracto que tuvo la mayor capacidad antioxidante, para lo cual se utilizó un diseño multifactorial con dos factores : extractos de flavonoides y concentración con tres niveles: 0,05%; 0,1% y 0,15% y 16 bloques que son los tiempos. Los resultados mostraron que en el extracto acuoso se encontró la mayor cantidad de flavonoides: 100,3724 mg/g, siendo la naringina con 81,1727 mg/g el flavonoide que se encontró en mayor proporción. A la concentración del 0,1% el extracto de flavonoide presentó el menor índice de peróxido a las 384 horas. Se concluye que los flavonoides presentes en la cascara de naranja tangelo pueden ser utilizados como extractos crudos sin necesidad de purificaciones parciales o totales, para conseguir aumentar la vida útil del aceite sacha inchi.

Phloroglucinol reductases (PGRs) are involved in anaerobic degradation in bacteria, in which they catalyze the dearomatization of phloroglucinol into dihydrophloroglucinol. We identified three PGRs, from different bacterial species, that are members of the family of NAD(P)H-dependent short-chain dehydrogenases/reductases (SDRs). In addition to catalyzing the reduction of the physiological substrate, the three enzymes exhibit activity towards 2,4,6-trihydroxybenzaldehyde, 2,4,6-trihydroxyacetophenone, and methyl 2,4,6-trihydroxybenzoate. Structural elucidation of PGRcl and comparison to known SDRs revealed a high degree of conservation. Several amino acid positions were identified as being conserved within the PGR subfamily and might be involved in substrate differentiation. The results enable the enzymatic dearomatization of monoaromatic phenol derivatives and provide insight into the functional diversity that may be found in families of enzymes displaying a high degree of structural homology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objetivos: Evaluar la actividad antiinflamatoria y antioxidante de la fracción flavónica extraída de las hojas de Jungia rugosa Less. Diseño: Experimental. Lugar: Facultades de Medicina y Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Perú. Material biológico: Fracción flavónica extraído de las hojas de Jungia rugosa Less y ratas. Intervenciones: Las hojas de Jungia rugosa Less fueron recolectadas en el cerro Condorcunca, a 3 500 msnm, distrito de Quinua, departamento de Ayacucho. La actividad antiinflamatoria fue evaluada in vivo usando el método de edema plantar inducido por carragenina y en sangre se cuantificó los niveles séricos de interleuquinas 1, 6 y proteína C reactiva (PCR); también, se indujo el granuloma, según Sedwicks, evaluándose por histopatología. La actividad antioxidante fue evaluada in vitro mediante la neutralización del radical 1,1-difenil-2-picril-hidrazilo (DPPH). Principales medidas de resultados: Actividad antiinflamatoria y antioxidante. Resultados: La inflamación disminuyó en 43,8%, y los niveles de interleuquinas 1, 6 y PCR lo fueron en 80%, 90% y 78%, respectivamente, al ser comparados con el control (p

O fracionamento do extrato metanólico das folhas de Gochnatia barrosii Cabrera (Asteraceae) resultou no isolamento do flavonol glicosídico trans-tilirosídeo [kaempferol 3-O- -D-(6''-O-E-p-cumaroil)-glicopiranosídeo], que nunca tinha sido identificado na referida espécie vegetal. Em teste realizado in vitro, observou-se que tal substância a 500 μg/mL, não tem efeito sobre a mortalidade de juvenis do segundo estágio do nematóide Meloidogyne exigua Goeldi.Fractionation of the methanolic extract from Gochnatia barrosii Cabrera (Asteraceae) leaves resulted in the isolation of the flavonol glycoside trans-tiliroside [kaempferol 3-O- -D-(6''-O-E-p-coumaroyl)-glucopyranoside], which had never been found in such plant species. Such substance at 500 μg/mL caused no in vitro effect on the mortality of second-stage juveniles of the nematode Meloidogyne exigua Goeldi.

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Flavonoids due to their various interesting biological properties such as antifungal activity were investigated in Mentha piperita leaves. The butanolic fraction obtained from the hydro-alcoholic crude extract of M. piperita is rich in flavonoids; it reduced in vitro the mycelium growth of Phoma sorghina and Fusarium moniliforme around 72% and 55%, respectively, when used at a concentration of 5 mg/ml. In addition, the chemical conversion of the flavonoids in the butanolic fraction into their oxime derivatives increased the antifungal activity since the percentage of inhibition increased to 84% and 65% against P. sorghina and F. moniliforme , respectively, at 5 mg/ml. Butanolic fraction and oxime inhibition effects on spore germination of the two fungi were also observed. These results suggest that, M. piperita flavonoids could be used as botanical fungicides to protect cereals against infection from P. sorghina and F. moniliforme. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]