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127 results on '"fitness measure"'

1. Quality-Diversity for Aesthetic Evolution

Author

McCormack, Jon, Cruz Gambardella, Camilo, Goos, Gerhard, Founding Editor, Hartmanis, Juris, Founding Editor, Bertino, Elisa, Editorial Board Member, Gao, Wen, Editorial Board Member, Steffen, Bernhard, Editorial Board Member, Woeginger, Gerhard, Editorial Board Member, Yung, Moti, Editorial Board Member, Martins, Tiago, editor, Rodríguez-Fernández, Nereida, editor, and Rebelo, Sérgio M., editor

Published
2022
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2. The Enigma of Complexity

Author

McCormack, Jon, Cruz Gambardella, Camilo, Lomas, Andy, Goos, Gerhard, Founding Editor, Hartmanis, Juris, Founding Editor, Bertino, Elisa, Editorial Board Member, Gao, Wen, Editorial Board Member, Steffen, Bernhard, Editorial Board Member, Woeginger, Gerhard, Editorial Board Member, Yung, Moti, Editorial Board Member, Romero, Juan, editor, Martins, Tiago, editor, and Rodríguez-Fernández, Nereida, editor

Published
2021
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4. Using a small number of training instances in genetic programming for face image classification.

Author

Bi, Ying, Xue, Bing, and Zhang, Mengjie

Subjects
*GENETIC programming, *FACE perception, *FEATURE extraction
Abstract

Classifying faces is a difficult task due to image variations in illumination, occlusion, pose, expression, etc. Typically, it is challenging to build a generalised classifier when the training data is small, which can result in poor generalisation. This paper proposes a new approach for the classification of face images based on multi-objective genetic programming (MOGP). In MOGP, image descriptors that extract effective features are automatically evolved by optimising two different objectives at the same time: the accuracy and the distance measure. The distance measure is a new measure intended to enhance generalisation of learned features and/or classifiers. The performance of MOGP is evaluated on eight face datasets. The results show that MOGP significantly outperforms 17 competitive methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2022
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5. Convergent Rewiring of the Virulence Regulatory Network Promotes Adaptation of Ralstonia solanacearum on Resistant Tomato.

Author

Gopalan-Nair, Rekha, Jardinaud, Marie-Françoise, Legrand, Ludovic, Landry, David, Barlet, Xavier, Lopez-Roques, Céline, Vandecasteele, Céline, Bouchez, Olivier, Genin, Stéphane, and Guidot, Alice

Subjects
PATHOLOGY, COLONIZATION, GENOMICS, MUTATION (Phonetics), GENETIC polymorphisms
Abstract

The evolutionary and adaptive potential of a pathogen is a key determinant for successful host colonization and proliferation but remains poorly known for most of the pathogens. Here, we used experimental evolution combined with phenotyping, genomics, and transcriptomics to estimate the adaptive potential of the bacterial plant pathogen Ralstonia solanacearum to overcome the quantitative resistance of the tomato cultivar Hawaii 7996. After serial passaging over 300 generations, we observed pathogen adaptation to within-plant environment of the resistant cultivar but no plant resistance breakdown. Genomic sequence analysis of the adapted clones revealed few genetic alterations, but we provide evidence that all but one were gain of function mutations. Transcriptomic analyses revealed that even if different adaptive events occurred in independently evolved clones, there is convergence toward a global rewiring of the virulence regulatory network as evidenced by largely overlapping gene expression profiles. A subset of four transcription regulators, including HrpB, the activator of the type 3 secretion system regulon and EfpR, a global regulator of virulence and metabolic functions, emerged as key nodes of this regulatory network that are frequently targeted to redirect the pathogen's physiology and improve its fitness in adverse conditions. Significant transcriptomic variations were also detected in evolved clones showing no genomic polymorphism, suggesting that epigenetic modifications regulate expression of some of the virulence network components and play a major role in adaptation as well. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2021
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6. A Trace Clustering Solution Based on Using the Distance Graph Model

Author

Ha, Quang-Thuy, Bui, Hong-Nhung, Nguyen, Tri-Thanh, Hutchison, David, Series editor, Kanade, Takeo, Series editor, Kittler, Josef, Series editor, Kleinberg, Jon M., Series editor, Mattern, Friedemann, Series editor, Mitchell, John C., Series editor, Naor, Moni, Series editor, Pandu Rangan, C., Series editor, Steffen, Bernhard, Series editor, Terzopoulos, Demetri, Series editor, Tygar, Doug, Series editor, Weikum, Gerhard, Series editor, Nguyen, Ngoc-Thanh, editor, Iliadis, Lazaros, editor, Manolopoulos, Yannis, editor, and Trawiński, Bogdan, editor

Published
2016
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7. A Novel Approach for Intrusion Detection System Using Equalized Multi-Routing Protocol in MANET

Author

Jayakanth, J. J., Madhumati, G. L., Dhanesh, Lavanya, Saranya, Palanivelu, Vijayprasath, S., and Sambooranalaxmi, S.

Subjects
detection rate, MANET, F-CNB, Fitness measure, TRF, CH, Trust table, EMRP, Intrusion Detection System
Abstract

In recent years, a Mobile Ad Hoc Network (MANET) has emerged as a Wireless Communication Network (WCN) consisting of several highly mobile nodes moving in various commands. It uses an Intrusion Detection System (IDS), a monitoring parameter, to detect network-related activity by alerting the service operations centre. Since MANET has no infrastructure, nodes can connect randomly. Ad hoc networks, however, are more vulnerable than wired environments; this vulnerability also affects the MANET characteristics. However, protecting MANETs against malicious nodes randomly integrated into the network is a significant challenge. To solve this problem, the first stage of malicious nodes can be rejected using a Trust Table (TT) to bring healthy communication to the network. Furthermore, we verify the performance of IDS based on direct Trust, indirect Trust, and error, using the Trust Routing Factor (TRF) method. Second, we use an Initialized Energy Node (IEN) method to find out whether the remaining energy range of the communication nodes in the network is at the minimum or maximum energy ratio and energy consumption. Next, we use Cluster Head (CH) can be selected Using Fuzzy Clustering Naive Bayes (fuzzy CNB) strategies to solve the problems of MANET's energy degradation and transmission delay. Finally, we proposed an optimal selection based on a new Equalised Multi-Routing Protocol (EMRP) method to generate multiple paths from the source to the destination node using maximum Fitness Measure (FM). The simulation result in the EMRP method can obtain maximum energy, efficiency, detection rate, and minimum delay in the presence of an attack.

Published
2023

9. Cryptanalysis of Four-Rounded DES Using Binary Artificial Immune System

Author

Ali Abbas Hamdani, Syed, Shafiq, Sarah, Khan, Farrukh Aslam, Hutchison, David, editor, Kanade, Takeo, editor, Kittler, Josef, editor, Kleinberg, Jon M., editor, Mattern, Friedemann, editor, Mitchell, John C., editor, Naor, Moni, editor, Nierstrasz, Oscar, editor, Pandu Rangan, C., editor, Steffen, Bernhard, editor, Sudan, Madhu, editor, Terzopoulos, Demetri, editor, Tygar, Doug, editor, Vardi, Moshe Y., editor, Weikum, Gerhard, editor, Tan, Ying, editor, Shi, Yuhui, editor, and Tan, Kay Chen, editor

Published
2010
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11. A Synergistic Selection Strategy in the Genetic Algorithms

Author

Kuo, Ting, Hutchison, David, editor, Kanade, Takeo, editor, Kittler, Josef, editor, Kleinberg, Jon M., editor, Mattern, Friedemann, editor, Mitchell, John C., editor, Naor, Moni, editor, Nierstrasz, Oscar, editor, Pandu Rangan, C., editor, Steffen, Bernhard, editor, Sudan, Madhu, editor, Terzopoulos, Demetri, editor, Tygar, Dough, editor, Vardi, Moshe Y., editor, Weikum, Gerhard, editor, Wang, Tzai-Der, editor, Li, Xiaodong, editor, Chen, Shu-Heng, editor, Wang, Xufa, editor, Abbass, Hussein, editor, Iba, Hitoshi, editor, Chen, Guo-Liang, editor, and Yao, Xin, editor

Published
2006
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22. Introduction

Author

Koza, John, editor, Koza, John R., Keane, Martin A., Streeter, Matthew J., Mydlowec, William, Yu, Jessen, and Lanza, Guido

Published
2003
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28. Heterogeneous expectations, housing bubbles and tax policy

Author

Carolin Martin, Noemi Schmitt, and Frank Westerhoff

Subjects
Tax policy, Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Management, Economics and Econometrics, 050208 finance, business.industry, 05 social sciences, Stability (learning theory), Expectation formation, Microeconomics, Renting, 0502 economics and business, Economics, Fitness measure, Profitability index, 050207 economics, Market model, business, Capital market
Abstract

We integrate a plausible expectation formation and learning scheme of boundedly rational investors into a standard user cost housing market model, involving a rental and a housing capital market. In particular, investors switch between heterogeneous expectation rules according to an evolutionary fitness measure, given by the rules’ past profitability. We analytically show that our housing market model may produce endogenous boom-bust dynamics. Furthermore, we demonstrate that policy makers may use our model as a tool to explore how different tax policies may affect the housing market’s steady state, its stability and out-of-equilibrium behavior.

Published
2021
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33. Nest site lottery revisited: towards a mechanistic model of population growth suppressed by the availability of nest sites.

Author

Argasinski, Krzysztof and Rudnicki, Ryszard

Subjects
*MATHEMATICAL models of population, *ECOLOGICAL carrying capacity, *BIOLOGICAL evolution, *POPULATION dynamics, *EQUILIBRIUM
Abstract

In the “nest site lottery” mechanism, newborns form a pool of candidates and randomly drawn candidates replace the dead adults in their nest sites. However, the selection process has only been analyzed under the assumption of an equilibrium population size. In this study, we extend this model to cases where the population size is not at an equilibrium, which yields a simplified (but fully mechanistic) biphasic population growth model, where the suppression of growth is driven only by the availability of free nest sites for newborns. This new model is free of the inconsistency found in the classical single phase models (such as the logistic model), where the number of recruited newborns can exceed the number of free nest sites. We analyzed the stability of the stationary density surfaces and the selection mechanisms for individual strategies described by different vital rates, which are implied by the new model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2017
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38. Genetic Programming as a Darwinian Invention Machine

Author

Koza, John R., Bennett, Forrest H., III, Stiffelman, Oscar, Goos, Gerhard, Series editor, Hartmanis, Juris, Series editor, van Leeuwen, Jan, Series editor, Poli, Riccardo, editor, Nordin, Peter, editor, Langdon, William B., editor, and Fogarty, Terence C., editor

Published
1999
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40. Environmental variation mediates the evolution of anticipatory parental effects

Author

Martyna K. Zwoinska, Hanne Carlsson, Martin I. Lind, Tuuli Larva, Alexei A. Maklakov, Therese Krieg, and Johan Andersson

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Letter, Environmental change, Offspring, Population, lcsh:Evolution, Biology, complex mixtures, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Evolutionsbiologi, reproduction, 03 medical and health sciences, lcsh:QH359-425, Genetics, Population growth, Fitness measure, Letters, education, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, 030304 developmental biology, Evolutionary Biology, transgenerational plasticity, 0303 health sciences, education.field_of_study, Zero correlation, fungi, Maternal effect, temperature, environmental heterogeneity, equipment and supplies, biology.organism_classification, Environmental variation, Evolutionary biology, Caenorhabditis, bacteria, maternal effects, Caenorhabditis remanei
Abstract

Theory maintains that when future environment is predictable, parents should adjust the phenotype of their offspring to match the anticipated environment. The plausibility of positive anticipatory parental effects is hotly debated and the experimental evidence for the evolution of such effects is currently lacking. We experimentally investigated the evolution of anticipatory maternal effects in a range of environments that differ drastically in how predictable they are. Populations of the nematode Caenorhabditis remanei, adapted to 20°C, were exposed to a novel temperature (25°C) for 30 generations with either positive or zero correlation between parent and offspring environment. We found that populations evolving in novel environments that were predictable across generations evolved a positive anticipatory maternal effect, since they required maternal exposure to 25°C to achieve maximum reproduction in that temperature. In contrast, populations evolving under zero environmental correlation had lost this anticipatory maternal effect. Similar but weaker patterns were found if instead rate-sensitive population growth was used as a fitness measure. These findings demonstrate that anticipatory parental effects evolve in response to environmental change so that ill-fitting parental effects can be rapidly lost. Evolution of positive anticipatory parental effects can aid population viability in rapidly changing but predictable environments.Impact summaryParents can help their offspring by adjusting offspring’s phenotype to match their environment. Such anticipatory parental effects would be beneficial, but only if parents can accurately predict the environment in which their offspring will develop and live. The plausibility of such anticipatory parental effects is hotly debated. The theory is clear that the predictability of the environment should play a defining role. We used an “experimental evolution” approach in a fast reproducing nematode worm Caenorhabditis remanei to tackle this question and follow the evolution of parental effects in different environments in real-time. We found that populations evolving in a novel but predictable environment indeed had anticipatory parental effects that increased fitness of their offspring in that environment. In contrast, when evolving in an unpredictable environment where such parental effects would be disadvantageous, the parental effect was rapidly lost in evolution. Our novel experimental environments were constructed by exposing worms to increased temperature. Anticipatory parental effects play an important role in adaptation to novel environments and will affect the viability of populations under climate heating.

Published
2020
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41. Musing on Means: Fitness, Expectation, and the Principles of Natural Selection

Author

Bengt Autzen

Subjects
History, Philosophical literature, Natural selection, Computer science, business.industry, 05 social sciences, Measure (physics), 06 humanities and the arts, 050905 science studies, 0603 philosophy, ethics and religion, Philosophy, History and Philosophy of Science, 060302 philosophy, Fitness measure, Artificial intelligence, 0509 other social sciences, business
Abstract

How to measure fitness in the theory of natural selection? A fitness measure that has been proposed in both the biological and the philosophical literature is the expected relative reproduc...

Published
2020
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45. Genetic search for structural matching

Author

Cross, Andrew D. J., Wilson, Richard C., Hancock, Edwin R., Goos, Gerhard, editor, Hartmanis, Juris, editor, van Leeuwen, Jan, editor, Buxton, Bernard, editor, and Cipolla, Roberto, editor

Published
1996
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47. On the Role of Memory in an Asset Pricing Model with Heterogeneous Beliefs

Author

Miroslav Verbič

Subjects
asset pricing, biased beliefs, contrarians, fitness measure, fundamentalists, heterogeneous beliefs, memory strength, stability, Finance, HG1-9999
Abstract

The paper discusses the role of memory in an asset pricing model with heterogeneous beliefs. In particular, we were interested in how memory in the fitness measure affects the stability of evolutionary adaptive systems and the survival of technical trading. In order to obtain an insight into this matter, two cases were analyzed: a two-type case of fundamentalists versus contrarians and a three-type case of fundamentalists versus opposite biases. It has been established that increasing memory strength has a stabilizing effect on dynamics, though it is not able to eliminate speculative traders’ short-run profit-seeking behaviour from the market. Furthermore, opposite biases do not seem to lead to chaotic dynamics, even when there are no costs for fundamentalists. Apparently some (strong) trend extrapolator beliefs are needed in order to trigger chaotic asset price fluctuations.

Published
2008

48. Evolutionary approach and Spline Interpolation for contrast enhancement.

Author

Gupta, Abishek, Nag, Ajesh, Savani, Jaten, and Natarajan, S.

Abstract

In this paper, image contrast enhancement techniques are explored and two novel approaches are proposed. The first approach uses a Super Resolution based Convolution kernel in Lab colour space which is optimized using Genetic Algorithms, for the evolutionary generation of the kernel values. The employed fitness function tends to provide a balance between contrast and naturalness of images. The second approach is called Spline Interpolation which works by fitting a continuous three dimensional curve through (0,0,0), the current pixel's RGB value and (255,255,255). These methods are compared with standard techniques on a database of bio-medical images and general images. The results indicate that the proposed methods overcome the drawbacks of existing methods. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Published
2013
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50. A multigenerational approach can detect early Cd pollution in Chironomus riparius

Author

Halina Binde Doria and Markus Pfenninger

Subjects
Pollution, Environmental Engineering, Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis, media_common.quotation_subject, 0208 environmental biotechnology, ved/biology.organism_classification_rank.species, chemistry.chemical_element, Zoology, Fertility, 02 engineering and technology, 010501 environmental sciences, Biology, 01 natural sciences, Chironomidae, Environmental Chemistry, Fitness measure, Animals, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, media_common, Chironomus riparius, Cadmium, ved/biology, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, General Medicine, General Chemistry, Contamination, 020801 environmental engineering, chemistry, Larva, Three generations, Adaptation, Environmental Pollution, Water Pollutants, Chemical, Environmental Monitoring
Abstract

Cadmium (Cd) is a non-essential highly toxic metal and its presence in the environment has been a concern over the years. On the present study we adopt the spiked water exposure scenario to study early Cd contamination across five generations of the model organism Chironomus riparius. Animals were, at the beginning of each generation, submitted to 0, 1, 3.2, 10, 32 and 100 μg/L of Cd. Classical endpoints like total emergence, EmT50, fertility and the integrative fitness measure, population growth rate (PGR), were calculated at each generation. Results could demonstrate that exposure to brief and low Cd concentrations can affect all the measured endpoints and, therefore, initial Cd pollution in previously unpolluted sites can be detected after just five consecutive generations. Importantly, at 100 μg/L of Cd fertility was greatly impaired after three generations. Also, PGR calculation is a sensitive tool for monitoring early pollution of Cd. Yet, no adaptation to Cd over five generations could be observed on the present experimental setup.

Published
2020

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