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The pandemic has significantly rewritten the lives of all economic actors. similar phenomenon occurred in the past, when the economic crisis of 2008 compelled a fundamental shift in the trajectory of the life. The sudden closures required new life organisation choices, which called for different competences and skills. The loss of jobs was a prominent feature of both events, resulting in challenges for families. The importance of savings was highlighted, and individuals were compelled to make responsible choices about consumption and become more conscious in many respects. All these challenges have once again highlighted the importance of financial literacy and financial awareness. This study investigates the perceived significance of financial knowledge and understanding, as well as the perception of certain dimensions of it, along the subjectively perceived characteristics of thrift and prudence, and how these factors interact with each other among Hungarian survey respondents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction/Main Objectives: The number of Indonesian students who study abroad has expanded significantly during the past few decades. Nonetheless, the nation has a lot of variables that would assist in the growth of overseas students leaving the country in the future. Consequently, this study aims to investigate the variables influencing the financial literacy of Indonesian students participating in international exchange programs. This study empirically examines how students' financial behavior could be affected by their financial knowledge, financial attitude, and financial culture. It also tests how financial literacy can be directly influenced by financial behavior. Additionally, the mediating role of financial behavior has been evaluated. Background Problems: Notwithstanding the rise in the number of students enrolled in international programs, and the availability of such programs in educational institutions worldwide, these students will confront numerous obstacles and difficulties. A vital skill for these students to possess is financial literacy, since there is a lot of emphasis on cost-saving when pursuing higher education in a global setting. However, studies into financial literacy are noticeably lacking, particularly in emerging nations such as Indonesia. Novelty: The current paper adds to the limited studies concerning the financial life of international students by developing an integrated framework to examine the most crucial factors impacting the financial literacy of Indonesian students participating in international exchange programs. Research Methods: An online survey was conducted to gather the primary data from the respondents. The acquired data were analyzed using PLS-SEM. Finding/Results: The research findings showed that financial literacy was significantly impacted by financial behavior, which in turn was impacted by financial knowledge, financial attitudes, and financial culture. The relationship between financial knowledge, financial attitudes, financial culture, and financial literacy was found to be significantly mediated by financial behavior. Conclusion: The present work provides theoretical and managerial contributions regarding managing the financial life of international students in Indonesia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction/Main Objectives: The number of Indonesian students who study abroad has expanded significantly during the past few decades. Nonetheless, the nation has a lot of variables that would assist in the growth of overseas students leaving the country in the future. Consequently, this study aims to investigate the variables influencing the financial literacy of Indonesian students participating in international exchange programs. This study empirically examines how students' financial behavior could be affected by their financial knowledge, financial attitude, and financial culture. It also tests how financial literacy can be directly influenced by financial behavior. Additionally, the mediating role of financial behavior has been evaluated. Background Problems: Notwithstanding the rise in the number of students enrolled in international programs, and the availability of such programs in educational institutions worldwide, these students will confront numerous obstacles and difficulties. A vital skill for these students to possess is financial literacy, since there is a lot of emphasis on cost-saving when pursuing higher education in a global setting. However, studies into financial literacy are noticeably lacking, particularly in emerging nations such as Indonesia. Novelty: The current paper adds to the limited studies concerning the financial life of international students by developing an integrated framework to examine the most crucial factors impacting the financial literacy of Indonesian students participating in international exchange programs. Research Methods: An online survey was conducted to gather the primary data from the respondents. The acquired data were analyzed using PLS-SEM. Finding/Results: The research findings showed that financial literacy was significantly impacted by financial behavior, which in turn was impacted by financial knowledge, financial attitudes, and financial culture. The relationship between financial knowledge, financial attitudes, financial culture, and financial literacy was found to be significantly mediated by financial behavior. Conclusion: The present work provides theoretical and managerial contributions regarding managing the financial life of international students in Indonesia.

Copyright of Dilemas Contemporáneos: Educación, Política y Valores is the property of Dilemas Contemporaneos: Educacion, Politica y Valores and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Mexican Journal of Economics & Finance / Revista Mexicana de Economia y Finanzas is the property of Instituto Mexicano de Ejecutivos de Finanzas and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Financial literacy is becoming an urgent challenge in many countries. This situation is more acute in a developing country with a Soviet experience. The affected population, who are in advanced positions in the international financial machinations of the current period, is unmistakable proof of the low level of financial awareness in Georgia. The present study aims to determine the impact of student financial literacy on consumer behavior in Georgia as a Post-Soviet country. The study uses statistical methods, both probabilistic and non-probabilistic sampling. The paper reviews foreign experience and is a similar study conducted in Asia and Europe. The number of interviewed respondents was 295 students from the Imereti region (there are two universities in the region), which is 35% of the total number of students. The questionnaire consisted of 21 questions. The respondents were interviewed from October to mid-December 2021. The study has shown that financial awareness is relatively low; students do not perceive that they need to raise their financial education and skills, which makes the current situation even more dramatic. Among the positive trends was that 81% of students were ready to raise their level of financial education. The reason is that the Georgian educational system needs to be reformed to raise financial awareness by studying the essence of elementary money and the simplest budget planning models. The study results showed that in conditions of low financial awareness, students cannot plan the budget, control, and use financial services effectively and efficiently.

Copyright of Mexican Journal of Economics & Finance / Revista Mexicana de Economia y Finanzas is the property of Instituto Mexicano de Ejecutivos de Finanzas and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This article evaluates whether the management of financial culture is different between family and non-family micro and small businesses (mypes), then analyzes the financial culture and its impact on productivity in mypes among entrepreneurs who run family and non-family mypes. Quantitative research was developed with an instrument with 57 items which was applied to 34 163 directors of non-family mypes and 7 524 to directors of family businesses, for a total of 41 687 questionnaires to directors of mypes in 160 geographical areas between Mexico, Colombia, Argentina, Peru, and Ecuador. The results show through a difference of means that the financial culture is different between the non-family and family mypes, later through linear regressions it is observed that financial management is the variable that has a greater impact on the productivity of the companies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Indonesian Journal of Business & Entrepreunership is the property of IPB University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article is aimed at studying foreign experience in improving the financial literacy of the population and possible ways of its implementation in Ukraine. The article substantiates the need to increase the financial literacy of the population in the context of strengthening financial inclusion. The level of financial literacy of the population of Ukraine, as reflected by the Financial Literacy Index, which is calculated according to the USAID methodology, is analyzed. Based on the study of theoretical and methodological approaches, the essence of the category of «financial literacy» is disclosed. Four areas of formation of cognitive knowledge, competences and skills as to the financial literacy of financially isolated and low-income citizens are defined: 1) availability of basic financial services; 2) availability of mobile banking services; 3) availability of microfinance; 4) availability of innovative FinTech solutions. The study of foreign experience demonstrated the development of various directions of improving financial literacy: 1) involving business in improving financial literacy; 2) improving the financial literacy of schoolchildren and young people; 3) improving the financial literacy of the poor population; 4) improving financial literacy in the workplace; 5) remote improvement of financial literacy; 6) national programs to improve financial literacy. The study of international best practices allowed to identify a number of problems in the domestic practice of strengthening financial literacy, namely: 1) insufficient work with vulnerable groups of the population (taking into account age and geography); 2) problematic age categories are: 18-24 years old (especially 18-19 years old) and over 60 years old; 3) rural population has low financial literacy; 4) a significant proportion of bank depositors do not know about the existence of guaranteeing deposits of individuals; 5) a small number of bank customers know that banks must disclose information about the real interest rate on loans. In order to increase the level of financial literacy of the population, taking into account the best foreign experience, the need to introduce the following measures is substantiated: 1) teaching children basic economic categories from an early age; 2) development of special compulsory financial literacy courses for schoolchildren; 3) creation of a system of teacher training; 4) popularization of the need to increase the level of financial literacy (master classes, round tables, lectures, seminars, conferences, methodological literature, etc.); 5) creation of information and advisory centers for providing assistance to the population on financial issues; 6) media involvement, use of social networks, development of websites, platforms for the development of financial literacy. Prospect for further research in this direction is the development of models for quantitative assessment of the impact of the level of financial literacy on financial inclusion by means of: 1) logistics regression; 2) Probit regression. Further attention require the management of risks associated with financial literacy, financial behavior and financial inclusion.

Legal culture is an important component of the common culture of a man and a citizen. The level of its wealth and development depends on the overall cultural and legal level of society. Consequently, the underdevelopment of the legal culture leads to the increase in the level and number of offenses committed, low legal literacy manifested in ignorance of the law and the lack of basic skills for citizens to protect their rights. Part of the overall legal culture and literacy of a person is financial culture and literacy. In recent years, the Russian Federation, similar to western countries decades ago, pays great attention to the formation of the financial literacy of the population through the implementation of various national programs. An important role in the formation of financial culture and financial literacy is played by the Institute of Law of the North-Caucasus Federal University. The article reveals the concept and structure of the financial culture of a man and society in the Russian Federation, and also reveals and describes the problems of financial sense of justice of participants in financial legal relations. The authors draw attention to the problems of forming the financial literacy of the population of Russia by the example of the Stavropol Krai and offer a number of measures to strengthen the financial culture.

En la presente investigación, el objetivo consistió en identificar características que se relacionan con el manejo de la cultura financiera y aspectos en los cuales existen diferencias a partir del género. El método empleado es cuantitativo de corte transversal con alcance descriptivo y correlacional, las personas encuestadas fueron 322. Entre los resultados relevantes que se encontraron están: las mujeres perciben el éxito en razón de factores no relacionados con el dinero, a diferencia de los hombres. Se concluye que las mujeres tienden a experimentar mayor aversión al riesgo, por ello, les es más complejo tener un adecuado desempeño en sus finanzas, caso contrario a los hombres, que tienden a presentar una mayor disposición al riesgo. A la vez, se identificó que las mujeres cuentan con poca habilitación para contar con servicios bancarios debido a su papel social, pues como cuidadoras tienden a priorizar la parte personal. Abstract The objective of this research consisted of identifying characteristics relating to financial cultural management and aspects in which differences based on gender existed. A quantitative cross-sectional method was used with a descriptive and correlational scope, 322 people were surveyed. Among the most outstanding results found are: women perceive success as factors which are not related to money, as opposed to men. We conclude that women tend to experience greater reluctance towards risk, consequently it is more complex for them to have adequate performance in their finances, on the contrary, men tend to present greater disposition towards risk. We also identified that women have little availability to banking services due to their role in society, since as caregivers, they tend to prioritize personal aspects.

El presente estudio muestra una experiencia exploratoria de validación de un instrumento de medición del nivel de cultura financiera en la Generación Millenial. El instrumento se elaboró con base en 25 ítems de acuerdo con la Escala de Likert, dirigido a universitarios en el último año de carrera y recién egresados. Por medio de la validez de contenido por 16 jueces expertos y el análisis factorial se logró realizar un ejercicio exploratorio de validez de contenido, permitiendo establecer un análisis de cada uno de los ítems con base en el nivel de cultura financiera. El grado de confianza del instrumento obtenido mediante el Alpha de Cronbach, arrojó un estadístico de (0.681), por lo que se establece que cuenta con un nivel (0.592) de confianza, lo que significa que el contenido del instrumento puede ser empleado para la recogida de datos.|| The present study shows an exploratory experience of validation of an instrument for measuring the level of financial culture in the Millennial Generation. The instrument was developed based on 25 items in accordance with the Likert Scale, aimed at university students in the last year of the degree and recent graduates. Through the validity of content by 16 expert judges and the factor analysis, an exploratory exercise of content validity was achieved, allowing an analysis of each of the items to be established based on the level of financial culture. The degree of reliability of the instrument obtained through Cronbach's Alpha, showed a statistic of (0.681), so it is established that it has a level (0.592) of reliability, which means that the content of the instrument can be used for data collection.

En este trabajo analizamos los resultados de la caracterización de la cultura financiera en microempresarios de Cartagena (Distrito Turístico y Cultural de Cartagena), Bolívar, Colombia. La muestra estuvo compuesta por 322 participantes, de los cuales 43.5% posee microempresas del giro de comercialización, lo que evidencia la importancia de fortalecer las estrategias de comunicación y distribución para afianzar el crecimiento de dicho sector. Por otro lado, 18.6% se dedica a la transformación y 37.9% a la prestación de servicios. Respecto de la antigüedad como propietario del negocio, 47.5% lleva menos de 5 años, por ello y teniendo en cuenta la permanencia en el mercado, es importante hacer estudios que permitan medir con frecuencia los gustos y las preferencias de los clientes y las fluctuaciones del mercado; el resto de la muestra se divide de la siguiente manera: 21.7% tiene entre 5 y 10 años en el negocio, 11.2% entre 10 y 15 años, y 19.6% más de 15 años. Además, 56.8% de los dueños es de género masculino y 43.2% femenino. En cuanto a la edad, 44.1% de los microempresarios es menor de 30 años, lo cual indica que los jóvenes muestran gran interés en continuar siendo partícipes en los emprendimientos como microempresarios en Cartagena; 24.8% tiene entre 31 y 40 años, 20.5% está en la franja de los 41 a los 50 años y el restante 10.6% cuenta con 51 años o más. Respecto al estado civil, 30.7% es casado, 42.3% es soltero —que representa la población con mayor participación en el ejercicio—, 24.5% vive en unión libre y 2.5% es divorciado. En cuanto a escolaridad, 3.8% tiene educación básica, 48.4% obtuvo el título de bachiller y 43.8% cursó estudios profesionales. Abstract This paper analyzes the results of the characterization of financial culture among microentrepreneurs in Cartagena (Tourist and Cultural District of Cartagena), Bolívar, Colombia. The sample consisted of 322 participants, 43.5% of whom are owners of microenterprises operating in the retail sector, which demonstrates the importance of strengthening communication and distribution strategies thus consolidating the growth of this sector. On the other hand, 18.6% are engaged in processing and 37.9% in the provision of services. With respect to the seniority as an entrepreneur, 47.5% have been in business for less than 5 years, therefore, and taking into account their permanence in the market, it is important to conduct studies that allow frequent assessment of customers’ tastes and preferences in addition to market fluctuations; the rest of the sample is divided as follows: 21.7% have been in business between 5 and 10 years, 11.2% between 10 and 15 years and 19.6% more than 15 years. In addition, 56.8% of owners are male and 43.2% are female. In terms of age, 44.1% of the micro-entrepreneurs are under the age of 30, which indicates that young people show great interest in continuing to participate in micro entrepreneurial ventures in Cartagena; 24.8% are between 31 and 40 years old, 20.5% are between 41 and 50, and the remaining 10.6% are 51 years of age or older. Regarding marital status, 30.7% are married, 42.3% are single -which represents the population with the highest participation in the exercise-, 24.5% live in a free union and 2.5% are divorced. In terms of schooling, 3.8% have an elementary education, 48.4% have a high school diploma and 43.8% have a bachelor’s degree.

El presente estudio muestra los resultados obtenidos entre las micro y pequeñas empresas (mypes) de la zona Altiplano del estado de San Luis Potosí a través de un análisis descriptivo, correlacional y explicativo a 322 mypes, cuyo objetivo fue validar el instrumento de recolección de la información mediante el análisis factorial exploratorio; usando el modelo de regresión múltiple, se propone un modelo de cultura financiera. Los hallazgos muestran que existe una relación significativa entre la cultura financiera y el nivel de ingresos por ventas. Abstract This study shows results obtained from micro and small enterprises (MSEs) in the Altiplano area, of the State of San Luis Potosi using descriptive, correlational, and explanatory analysis of 322 MSEs, which aimed at validating the data recollection instrument through an exploratory factorial analysis; using a multiple regression model thus, a model of financial culture is proposed. Findings show that there exists a significant relationship between financial culture and the level of income from sales.

The relevance of the article is conditioned by the need to study institutionalization of financial literacy of the adult population, as well as to increase its level due to financial services and products emerging on the market (banking, investment, insurance, pension) and tools for their use. The novelty of this topic is associated with a systematic analysis of the institutionalization processes of financial literacy of the adult population, which makes a significant contribution to implementing national goals and strategic objectives of the development of the Russian Federation, and is also an important consumer of financial services. The aim of the article is a comprehensive scientific study of the institutionalization processes of financial literacy of the adult population. Techniques such as content analysis of references, verification, analysis, statistical and sociological methods (survey), crosstabulation, etc. were employed to analyze the data. Theoretical and methodological principles of institutionalization of financial literacy of the adult population were analyzed. The authors developed a conceptual model of its institutionalization. The study analyzed the state and dynamics of institutionalization of financial literacy of the adult population. The authors formulated the conclusions and recommendations on the sustainable development of institutional entities that contribute to improving the financial literacy of the adult population. The study calls for including the list of target population groups of citizens of retirement and pre-retirement age, as well as persons with disabilities, in the Strategy for Improving Financial Literacy in the Russian Federation in 2017–2023; making arrangements for financial education of the population within the national projects “Digital Economy”, “Education”, “Culture”, “Demography”; supporting the creation of electronic platforms and online panels in educational organizations for systematic financial education of various target groups of the population of the Russian Federation, etc.

In order to identify the main directions of the relationship between financial science and financial culture, their formation of financial science and financial culture in retrospect and modern conditions has been considered. Induction, deduction, analysis, synthesis, historical method have been used in the study. According to the results of the study, it has been concluded, that financial science is a part of financial culture; together they perform the following functions: axiological (value), heuristic, educational, epistemological. The field of application of the results is financial science as a whole, its separate sections. The following areas of interaction between financial science and financial culture, the implementation of which will increase the level of financial science and culture, have been highlighted: education, informing the population about the protection of the rights of consumers of financial services, preparing citizens for life in old age.

Introduction: this research presents the results of a systematic literature review, following the PRISMA statement, on financial education in the context of primary education. Objective: to analyze through bibliometric and qualitative indicators in the SCOPUS database the state of financial education in the first education. Materials and Methods: with a longitudinal and descriptive design, bibliometric indicators are analyzed complemented with a qualitative analysis of elements that we want to make known, due to the coverage they provide and their scope in social sciences and humanities, the SCOPUS database was analyzed until the year 2020, following the elements established in the PRISMA statement. Results: the initial search yielded 170 articles, where 16 were left for study. Once the articles were analyzed according to the 10 evaluation criteria, it was found that financial education programs have, on average, considerable impacts on financial knowledge, like educational interventions in other domains. Conclusion: the value of the study is to enhance the construction of existing knowledge on financial education in primary education, contributing to elucidate its complexity and application that transits from the multidisciplinary to the contextualized, together with the idea of increasing reinforcement in the first years of schooling, since it generates positive effects on financial behaviors among students after participating in intervention programs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction. The large-scale work to improve the financial literacy of the population of Russia, initiated by the leadership of the country in 2011, has enhanced the developments aimed at studying the peculiarities of the financial behavior of the population of individual regions. The purpose of the study is to resolve the contradiction between the irrational financial behavior of people living in the Republic of Kalmykia, described by scientists and journalists, and the results of a nationwide sociological study, according to which Kalmykia is among the regions with a high level of financial literacy. Materials and Methods. The results of the nationwide sociological study ‘Financial Literacy Ranking of the Regions of Russia 2018’ and the official statistics from the websites of the Russian Federal State Statistics Service (Rosstat) and the Bank of Russia formed the information base of the conducted study. In terms of methods, tools for time series analysis were used. Results. A detailed analysis of the statistical data describing the financial behavior of the population of the Republic of Kalmykia has been performed, namely: per capita income of the population, the volume of loans granted to individuals, the share of overdue loans and the volume of deposits made by individuals. A negative ratio has been revealed between the value of loans provided to individuals in the region and the volume of deposits made by them. A conclusion has been drawn that it is necessary to study the reasons for such irrational financial behavior of the population of the Republic of Kalmykia and to develop effective measures to improve financial literacy. Discussion and Conclusion. The irrationality of the financial behavior of the population of the Republic of Kalmykia has been objectively confirmed by the dynamics of statistical indicators characterizing the levels of the loan debts and savings. At the same time, an analysis of financial literacy ranking results has shown that the Republic of Kalmykia received a high ranking due to a higher level of use of the Internet banking services and plastic cards, however, a low level of savings activity and a high level of trust in banks in the Republic of Kalmykia have also been confirmed. The results obtained can be used in the development of financial education programs for residents of various regions with similar problems.

Copyright of Investigación Administrativa is the property of ESCA Santo Tomas - IPN and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Strategy & Development Review is the property of Strategy & Development Review and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

As the financial economy has expanded beginning in the mid 1980s, it has done so in part by selling more products to individuals and households, such as mortgages, second mortgages, mutual funds, student loans, car loans, insurance, and various forms of retirement products. This has allowed households access to new forms of assets and debts and new ways to fund their lifestyles. This giant expansion of the financial services sector occurred at the same time that income inequality and job insecurity increased dramatically in the U.S. This paper seeks to tease out empirically the relationship between these trends by examining data on the activities of households in the past 20 years. There are two views, one that focuses on how households reacted defensively to preserve their lifestyles and the other which focuses on households developing a more financial mindset to the management of their assets, debt, and consumption and thereby using the new opportunities to invest and borrow money to increase their consumption. We show some support for both views. The use of financial products and debt has increased at all levels of the income distribution. Attitudes toward risk and indebtedness have generally become more lax. But, there is also evidence that people at the top of the income distribution are using their growing income to consume more while people lower down are struggling to keep up. The meaning of new financial culture is quite different depending on where you stand in the income hierarchy.

Concern about demographic changes caused the modernization of pension systems in most countries of the world. The findings based on international practices investigation presented in the article confirm that the level of financial literacy has a significant positive impact on the development of national pension systems. These evidences provide a rationale for raise the level of financial literacy in the Republic of Moldova, especially for certain specific sub-populations, that risk not having sufficient financial knowledge to adequately address the problems associated with reforming the pension system

Copyright of Debreceni Jogi Műhely is the property of University of Debrecen and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In this research we will investigate the financial culture among the students of the Technical Faculty of University of Szeged. We will analyse the results of questionnaires about the students' financial culture and financial habits. We aim to learn more about the student's financial knowledge, debit card usage, savings and loan habits. Also, our research how the students' demographic and social background impact their financial decisions and habits. The results highlight that the respondents mainly seek financial advice from their family regarding financial decisions. Their financial behaviour is based on their communication with their parents and family background. Furthermore, the results show that the majority of the respondents have savings and are concerned about their future. We did not find any significant differences between gender, both genders equally have long-term savings. Generally, the respondents keep their savings in bank accounts or in cash, stocks or investing is not typical. We drew the conclusion that the students tend to refuse to take out personal loans and are risk-adverse in this matter. Finally, the students use their debit card widely and in their day-to-day life without the intention of influencing others. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this study fills a gap in the Hungarian academic literature: its goal, on the one hand, is to systematise the research trends of decision-making and risk preferences at older ages according to the various methodological approaches, including researches based on experiment, questionnaire or wealth portfolio holding, and, on the other hand, to identify the impacts between age and financial literacy. The international academic literature shows that the researches on attitude to risk at older ages reached different conclusions depending on the research method used. In an experimental environment embedded in a play situation older people are rather risk-seeking, whereas in case of learning leading to a risky choice they are risk-averse. Based on the conclusion drawn from questionnaire surveys and portfolio selection methods, willingness to take risks decreases in older cohorts. The risk preferences dynamically changing with age highlight a new dimension of investment decisions. The research of the relationships between the investment experience accumulated with increasing age - which raises risk tolerance - and the cognitive abilities deteriorating as the end of the life-cycle approaches highlights several contradictions in the international literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Strategy & Development Review is the property of Strategy & Development Review and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Current Social & Economic Processes / Jelenkori Társadalmi és Gazdasági Folyamatok is the property of University of Szeged, Faculty of Engineering and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of IUG Journal of Educational & Psychological Studies is the property of Islamic University of Gaza and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Summary: Non-financial culture is a key factor in the field of economy, including in the operation of financial markets. Products of financial markets are characteristically mutually advantageous for all parties. Therefore, marginalizing of products for cultural reasons only will have adverse effects on economic development. In the last few years, measurement and development of financial education has become increasingly important. This writing introduces the basic fields of non-financial culture. The relevance of financial culture pertains to not only clients, but also, to players on the supply side. Despite of the fact that financial culture and financial literacy share some fields, both categories have separate and exclusive fields, too. In this context, values, beliefs, standards and attitudes shared by the community are exclusive to culture. Individual financial knowledge and attitudes are exclusive to financial literacy. Whether it is about the emergence and subsistence of individual or community attitudes, values -- especially beliefs -- play a key role. In the development of financial culture, beliefs and stereotypes must be factored in. At the same time, striving to allow for the emergence and reinforcement of new beliefs is also necessary. In these efforts, key roles are played by the supply side of financial markets, the Hungarian Central Bank, the Ministry of Finance, the State Audit Office of Hungary, and the education system in the widest sense possible.1 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite the numerous pieces of research that have been undertaken to aid understanding of the innovative activities of small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), only a few have dealt with the interaction between innovation activity and the finance-related attitudes, literacy, and knowledge (competencies) of these companies. The current research focuses on specific aspects of the innovation activities of SMEs in a post-communist society (Hungary) by taking into consideration elements of both entrepreneurial financial culture and the social-economic environment. Our analysis is based on a national representative survey, 2017. Results show that the presence of a creative financial culture, and the grounding of management decisions correlate with company innovation. We found that subsidies as external financial sources contribute to a larger extent to the innovation activities of SMEs than other external and internal financial resources. Moreover, the study explores the effects of some economic and social competition-related factors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study is to provide a review about financial culture related aspects. Financial culture of young adults is an important research topic, well worth considering from various aspects. In parallel with the development of financial markets financial products have also become more complex and complicated. The review based on 108 scientific sources: research papers, articles and working papers. Financial behavior, financial attitudes, financial well-being, time-perspective and ability for delayed gratification are encapsulated in this literature review. Some suggestion for the future research directions are engrossed at the end of the study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Ciencia Administrativa is the property of Universidad Veracruzana and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Ciencia Administrativa is the property of Universidad Veracruzana and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Desarrollo Gerencial is the property of Universidad Simon Bolivar (USB) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The aim of the author of this paper isto show the relationship between the level of financialresponsibility of individuals and of companymanagers and the stability of financial markets, assetmarkets and the stability of the financial system as awhole. In Bosnia and Herzegovina (B&H) after the1992-1995 conflict, there was a large influx offunding into the local economy both from the fields ofFDI (Foreign Direct Investment) and bilateral andunilateral aid. Many people in BH were keen toaccess loans in a seemingly cash-rich economy, butwere ill-prepared in the fields of financial borrowingand handling debt properly. Subsequently theyexperienced difficulties in servicing obligations andthe loan portfolio of banks has deteriorated. Thus theonset of the financial crisis has brought somethingpositive. Borrowing in B&H dropped, but problemsservicing existing loans rose. The situation has notyet become problematic but banking sector shortfallstend to manifest themselves between 12-18 monthsafter the event. The author believes that a moreserious approach to financial responsibility at microlevelsis necessary for the national economic good.

The financial and economic culture in the formation process of technicians in enterprise management is a challenge, and at the same times a necessity. Therefore, its importance in the study of different alternatives to provide solution that may favor not only its appropriation, but also its material realization in the different contexts of performance. However, today there are still insufficiencies in their pedagogical treatment, which limit the actual performance of the technicians- to-be, due in many cases, to the lack of pedagogical methods for their treatment. The present article aims at revealing, as proposal of solution, the method of enterprise financial transversality, a methodological alternative for the creation of an economic financial culture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Telos is the property of Revista Telos and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)