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The nature and directions of changes in the state of water bodies of the territory, for a long time (50 60 years) adjacent to the storage areas of mining waste (dumps) and enrichment (tailings) of iron ore raw materials, have been studied. It has been established that dumps and tailings are sources of the adjacent territories’ intense hydrosphere chemical pollution with highly mineralized filtrates. The most intense pollution and increase in groundwater levels at all horizons occurs in the first 10-15 years. In the future, in proportion to the service life of man-made structures, the area and level of chemical pollution of surface and underground water bodies increases, hydrogeological processes are increasing: flooding of lands, landslides, sinkholes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The goal of this study, which was carried out in 2022 in the Advanced Entomology Laboratory of the Department of Biology, Girls College of Education, University of Kufa, was to determine how well the fungus filtrates of Alternaria alternata affected the mortality percentages of house fly larvae and pupae, Musca domistica. The results indicated an increase in the mortality percentages of larvae in the first and third instar of the house fly, Musca domistica with increasing concentrations used. In the study, the highest mortality percentages were recorded after three days of treatment with a concentration of 10% (100 and 85%) in the first and third instar larvae, respectively. The effect of the fungus filtrates on some biological aspects when treating the third instar larvae of houseflies, as it led to a decrease in pupation percentages to 15% when treating pupae with a concentration of % 10, and the pupal deformation percentages to 10% and a decrease in adult emergency percentages to 0%. when treating pupae with the fungus filtrates of Alternaria alternata at a concentration of 10 %, which increased the pupal deformation to 80% and decreased adult emergency percentages to 20%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Allelopathy between algae is an ecological strategy that can facilitate or inhibit the occurrence of algal blooms. The role of allelopathic effects of marine microalgae Cylindrotheca closterium in other phytoplankton population dynamics are still limited. In the current study, the effects of cell-free filtrates of diatom Cylindrotheca closterium on two common dinoflagellate s (Prorocentrum donghaiense and Prorocentrum cordatum), a chrysophyceae (Isochrysis galbana) and a diatom (Chaetoceros curvisetus) were investigated within controlled laboratory experiments. It was observed that the growth of P. donghaiense was significantly suppressed and approximately 80% cells disappeared after 8-d exposure, while the other three algae was less sensitive. P. donghaiense was very sensitive to the exudates of C. closterium from the stationary phase by comparing various percentage (10, 30, 50, 70 and 100%) of filtrates. In addition, the allelopathic effects of extracellular compounds of C. closterium extracted by three different organic solvents (ethyl acetate, chloroform and petroleum ether) on P. donghaiense were explored by determining cell density, chlorophyll content and maximum photosystem II (PSII) quantum yield (F v /F m). It was found that the compounds extracted by ethyl acetate and chloroform appeared to exhibit less toxicity on P. donghaiense than that of petroleum ether. The present results indicated that the allelochemicals released by C. closterium might be concentrated effectively in the petroleum ether extraction phase, which provided a new perspective for controlling the red tides of P. donghaiense in the East China Sea by means of the ecological inhibitors extracted. • The effects of C. closterium filtrates on P. donghaiense , P. cordatum , I. galbana and C. curvisetus were investigated. • P. donghaiense was more sensitive to C. closterium filtrates than other three algae. • Extracellular compounds of C. closterium were concentrated effectively in petroleum ether extraction phase. • Petroleum ether extracts of C. closterium filtrates decreased the chlorophyll content and F v /F m of P. donghaiense. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research reported the in vitro pathogenicity of Verticillium lecanii strains, L2 and L5, and Beauveria bassiana strains, B76 and B252, against Megoura japonica using leaf-dip method. The virulence potential of these four entomopathogenic fungal strains of V. lecanii and of B. bassiana were compared between fungi conidia (concentrations 1 × 106, 1 × 107, and 1 × 108 conidia mL−1) and culture filtrate. Moreover, binary combination of four different fungal strains (L2 + B76, B76 + L5, L2 + B252, and L2 + B76 + B252 + L5) were evaluated against M. japonica under control condition. Aphid mortality was recorded after two, four, six, and eight days of post-treatment. In the conidial concentration bioassay, strain B76 showed maximal mortality (85.3%) against bean aphid, and strain L5 showed the lowest effect (60.0%) at the highest concentration (1 × 108 conidia mL−1) at eight days post-treatment. Whereas, binary combinations of B76 and L2 strains showed the highest effect against M. japonica (90.5%) than other combinations. Moreover, in comparison with the effect of filtrate and conidia bioassay, 91.4% and 84.1% were achieved in strain B76, and the lowest effect (63.8% and 55.1%) was recorded in strain L5.

The main goal of this study was to examine different leaf samples (Acer Platanoides ‘Globusum’, Tilia Tomentosa, Fraxinus Excelsior ‘Westhof’s Glorie’) collected alongside major roads and at Buda Arboretum of Corvinus University of Budapest. Three experiments were carried out at different times. For every one of them 30 leaf samples were collected from each taxon and from each area, on which 5 repeated experiments were performed (6 leaves per group). Groups of leaves were washed off with distilled water. After soaking and ultrasonic shaking filtrates were prepared. Conductivity (total salinity), pH, nitrate ion, ammonium ion, chloride ion, and sulphate ion concentrations were determined from these filtrates. According to our preliminary results higher air pollution level was associated to higher values of examined parameters. Detailed results are listed in our paper.

The cheapest and also the most unsophisticated way to attain potable water from the brackish water normally available at the taps is reverse osmosis process. Today there is strong need for appropriately treated wastewater to protect the environment and to ensure that freshwater is available for all applications. Semi permeable membranes allow the passage of water or other small molecules through them but block the passage of large solute Molecules. As a consequence of osmosis, the concentration on the solution side decreases, because the amount of liquid on this side increases considerably over the passage of time. The study involved testing the performance of the Reverse Osmosis treatment plant. Conventional tests (temp, pH, TDS, turbidity, alkalinity, hardness, chlorine residual), and special tests (Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu, Pb, Cr, F, TOC) were conducted at different sampling locations within the distribution system, over a period of about eight months to evaluate the quality of drinking water. Samples were also collected after different stages of treatment from the main R.O. treatment plant, to determine the nature of treatment provided. The main objective of the research paper is to present fundamental model for brackish water desalination system for domestic purpose and their preliminary findings using prospective design. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chemical processes often produce filtrate fractions with different chemical and physical properties. Typically filtrate fractions differ in the concentration of dissolved reaction products, reagents, and salts, but they may also differ in pH and temperature. In fractional filtrate configurations these fractions are used separately in earlier stages of the process in a way that ensures the best possible responses for the process.The purpose of this paper is to make a theoretical and systematic evaluation of the possibilities of different fractional filtrate configurations, i.e. fractional washing concepts, in connection with the improvement of wood pulp fibre bleaching. A washing model was used to simulate dissolved organic and residual chemical material balances in eight different process configurations. Each process configuration represents one single bleaching stage, consisting of a filter washer, a reactor, and a second filter washer in series.The results demonstrate that fractional filtrate configurations have the potential either to increase washing efficiency for dissolved reaction products, or to increase the recycling ability of the active process chemicals. However, these two goals are contradictory. The results encourage the creation of process machinery and configurations where different filtrate fractions are used differently for specific aims. The idea of fractional filtrate configuration should also be applicable to and beneficial for other branches of the chemical and mineral processing industries. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

This research reported the in vitro pathogenicity of Verticillium lecanii strains, L2 and L5, and Beauveria bassiana strains, B76 and B252, against Megoura japonica using leaf-dip method. The virulence potential of these four entomopathogenic fungal strains of V. lecanii and of B. bassiana were compared between fungi conidia (concentrations 1 × 106, 1 × 107, and 1 × 108 conidia mL−1) and culture filtrate. Moreover, binary combination of four different fungal strains (L2 + B76, B76 + L5, L2 + B252, and L2 + B76 + B252 + L5) were evaluated against M. japonica under control condition. Aphid mortality was recorded after two, four, six, and eight days of post-treatment. In the conidial concentration bioassay, strain B76 showed maximal mortality (85.3%) against bean aphid, and strain L5 showed the lowest effect (60.0%) at the highest concentration (1 × 108 conidia mL−1) at eight days post-treatment. Whereas, binary combinations of B76 and L2 strains showed the highest effect against M. japonica (90.5%) than other combinations. Moreover, in comparison with the effect of filtrate and conidia bioassay, 91.4% and 84.1% were achieved in strain B76, and the lowest effect (63.8% and 55.1%) was recorded in strain L5. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]