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Copyright of Türkiye Adalet Akademisi Dergisi is the property of Justice Academy of Turkey and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Research Framework : In Quebec, a child conceived through a surrogate pregnancy has initially as parents the woman who gave birth to him and the man (or one of the men) who instigated the parental project. To establish filiation with the non-statutory parent, adoption by special consent has been the route used for many years.Objectives : This article aims to identify the issues that the use of adoption by special consent as a modality of affiliation in the context of surrogacy can generate during pregnancy and at the time of delivery, but also in the organization of family life in the postnatal period.Methodology: The data presented are drawn from two qualitative research studies that gathered the experiences of people directly involved in a surrogacy arrangement through individual interviews. Forty-seven participants (n = 47) were interviewed, including twelve heterosexual parents, seventeen gay fathers, and eighteen surrogates. Data were subjected to secondary analysis by thematization.Results: The results are broken down into three moments that punctuate the surrogacy process: 1) the intended parents’ sense of filiation and the surrogates’ refusal of maternal status, expressed as soon as the parental project is formulated and reiterated during the pregnancy; 2) the designation of the legal mother at the time of delivery; and 3) the families’ experience of public institutions in the postnatal period.Conclusions : The period of uncertainty leading up to adoption by special consent weakens the experience of the intended parents that we encountered, in addition to entailing risks for the surrogates and the children thus born in the event of conflicts or dissolution of the agreement.Contribution : The use of adoption by special consent in the context of surrogacy has been studied mainly from a legal perspective, through the study of family law judgments. This study allowed us to understand the issues underlying this form of affiliation, which has been used for some time in Quebec in the absence of a legal framework for surrogacy.

This paper examines the role played by leaders figures from the Moroccan diaspora as potential instruments of legitimation for the Moroccan state and traditional elites, not just on an international scale and among the Moroccan communities living abroad, but also on a domestic level. Through the case study of specific events that happened to two prominent figures from the Moroccan community in Spain – rapper and songwriter Morad and football player Achraf Hakimi – in 2022, it analyses the legitimation strategies – cooption or coercion – that the Moroccan state employs to ensure that the stance taken in terms of politics and identity, as well as the cultural production, of leaders figures from the diaspora are aligned with its interests and principles at all times.

This paper examines the role played by leaders figures from the Moroccan diaspora as potential instruments of legitimation for the Moroccan state and traditional elites, not just on an international scale and among the Moroccan communities living abroad, but also on a domestic level. Through the case study of specific events that happened to two prominent figures from the Moroccan community in Spain - rapper and songwriter Morad and football player Achraf Hakimi - in 2022, it analyses the legitimation strategies - cooption or coercion - that the Moroccan state employs to ensure that the stance taken in terms of politics and identity, as well as the cultural production, of leaders figures from the diaspora are aligned with its interests and principles at all times. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Chilena de Derecho Privado is the property of Fundacion Fernando Fueyo Laneri and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Foco (Interdisciplinary Studies Journal) is the property of Revista Foco and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Drawing on various approaches such as anthropology, sociology, child and family law, philosophy, and psychoanalysis, we will attempt to describe the contemporary mutations of parenting forms in order to understand the involved processes. We will question the role of the couple as the foundation of the family and analyze the role of the imaginary in the construction of social representations. Then, we will demonstrate how, by deconstructing normative frameworks such as marital bonds and gender duality, our society simultaneously establishes new norms, such as the unalienable link of filiation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research Framework: This article looks at informal intra-family adoptions in French Polynesia and in Kiriwina, Papua New Guinea.Objectives : It provides a cross-cultural analysis framework of the different forms of children’s circulation. Methodology: The observations and interviews analyzed are based on two ethnographic surveys. My analysis of the life trajectories of people involved in adoptions is connected to the literature on the circulation of children and recent work in the anthropology of kinship.Results: Informal intra-family adoptions are characterized by the existence of a kinship relationship between birth parents and adoptive parents, and the absence of a legal framework. The term informal refers to the flexibility and versatility of the kinning process. This process has a material dimension, and is constructed through parental work, economic transactions and transmission practices. Its temporality, essential to its understanding, is not linear: adoptions can be undone and some biographical periods are conducive to undoing or forging adoptive ties. Relatedness also involves discourse, and in particular the adoption story, which produces intentionality and expresses affects.Conclusion : In the absence of formalized filiation, informal adoptions are based on an accumulation of acts, material and symbolic, punctual and regular, performed by parents, other family members and the children themselves. These actions produce attachment.Contribution : This article draws on a description of contemporary adoptive practices in two different Pacific societies to develop a transversal analytical proposal that contributes to the comparative study of the circulation of children as well as to the conceptualization of kinship.

Au cours de cet article l'auteur s'attache à montrer que, parallèlement à une transmission du signifiant, la filiation implique une appropriation de la voix sur le mode de l'incorporation. À partir de l'étude du mythe scientifique freudien exposé dans Totem et Tabou et d'un cas clinique, il montre, comment cette voix du père archaïque connaît un double destin. Forclose, elle est à l'origine des dérèglements du surmoi, assumée et oubliée, elle permet au sujet de passer de la vocation à l'invocation.

Copyright of Revista Española de Derecho Constitucional is the property of Centro de Estudios Politicos y Constitucionales and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The authors consider the processes of social and cultural adaptation of migrant children and their integration into the host society in the context of Norway’s immigration policy in the article. Particular attention is paid to the specifics of the country’s immigration policy, strategies for working with immigrant children in the host society, as well as the social consequences of these strategies for Norwegian society. It is emphasized that immigrants and the native population of the country exert mutual influence on each other. Establishment of effective social interactions between them, assimilation of elements of new culture by immigrants has a favorable effect on the internal political stability of the state. It is noted that this is especially important for Norway, which adheres to the policy of multiculturalism. It is concluded that the integration of immigrants into the host community does not happen automatically. The authors also highlight the strengths and weaknesses of the Norwegian immigration policy in relation to children, which to a certain extent calls into question its effectiveness in the long term.

In this qualitative and exploratory study, applying a comparative approach through content analysis, the (re)translations of three short stories from Dubliners were investigated. The aim was to draw on filial and dissident intertextual relations and, thereby, to investigate the effect of the preceding translations on the subsequent ones. Moreover, attempts were made to test Berman’s retranslation hypothesis. After identifying filial and dissident cases, those with the same nature were categorized and coded to find the realization of filiation and dissidence. The findings revealed both filial and dissident relations between the second translation and the earlier ones. The fact that the inappropriate collocations of the first translation(s) found their way to the second translation served as evidence for the filial relationship. The salient instances of dissidence included correcting the wrong choices of the earlier ones, adding omissions, appropriating the level of formality in dialogues, and cultural toning down. However, the third translation revealed a dominantly dissident relationship with its predecessors as cases of wrong translation were observed. Considering that a tendency was observed in the second translation to tone down the cultural elements and that translational errors were found in the third translation, Berman’s idea as to source-orientedness and the revolutionary nature of retranslations was rejected. The present study bears pedagogical implications as the approach taken can be used in comparative translation courses. Besides, the findings are awareness-raising among policymakers in the publishing industry as they highlight the need for taking supervisory measures and enacting restrictive laws on retranslations.

Copyright of Revista del Museo de Antropología is the property of Museo de Antropologia - IDACOR and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Orbis Tertius is the property of Universidad Nacional de La Plata and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Health Sciences / Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi is the property of Erciyes Universitesi Saglik Bilimleri Dergisi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This study examines the anxiety levels of midwives and nurses working for filiation during management of the COVID-19 pandemic(n = 205) The cross-sectional data were collected using State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI-I and II). Having COVID-19 test done and provision of protective equipment affected their STAI-I and II. High anxiety status was found to be those who did not experience fear of carrying the coronavirus to their families (O.R: 1.128), who had diagnosis tests done (O.R:0.888), who had good feeling states before COVID-19 process (O.R:1.076). Information about infection spreads, required equipment and providing social support will lead to a reduction in their anxiety levels in working filiation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, an analysis is made based on the agreements on gestation on which a woman who is sorted as pregnant is forced with another or other people to follow a physiological procedure in a child's gestation to enable her maternity and/or paternity, which from a variaty of reasons cannot be achieved themselves, by which they are compromised to do everything that is needed to achieve reproduction. This fact engenders a series of legal effects that are being tried to be identified and set in the property right's field. Independently either it is about enforcing a right in the autonomy willing ambit in the matter of family relationships. Therefore, the decision to agree on procreation of a child is in the sphere of a family right wise context, constitutionally recognized but outsourced under the vision of the patrimonial law in a lato sensu agreement. Therefore, the elements of the agreement are analyzed so that it has existence and validity, pointing out in any case, its ineffectiveness and legal responsibility in the law matters in Mexico. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper results from the master's dissertation "Subjective resources regarding the urge for revenge". It is a descriptive-interpretative study that follows a qualitative research methodology. It develops a psychoanalytical inquiry on the different subjective resources regarding revenge in subjects who suffer the loss of their filiation and genealogy as a consequence of an injury. It analyzes the subject in work The Count of Monte Cristo, focusing on analyzing his discourse and his position of "disappeared" and mourning subject. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Derecho Privado y Constitución is the property of Centro de Estudios Politicos y Constitucionales and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The intent of this study, The Son in his relationship with the Father. For a new humanity consists in highlighting the founding aspect of the Christological mystery, which lies in the structure of Crist's subjectivity of being and behaving as the Son of God in vital relationship with the Father both at the divine and human levels. This constitutes its unmistakable and absolute identity, which is indicated by the New Testament texts, by some magisterial pronouncements and by the thought of St. Thomas Aquinas. From human participation in divine filiation derives a new anthropological and moral vision of human existence and living. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Nordic Journal of Francophone Studies / Revue Nordique des Études Francophones is the property of Ubiquity Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Etlik Veteriner Mikrobiyoloji Dergisi is the property of Veteriner Kontrol Merkez Arastirma Enstitusu and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Focusing on a family of writers that of V.A. Urechiă and his sons, Nestor and Alceu, the article aims at a comparative analysis of the family's sociability that they develop in the summers spent at their villas in Câmpina and Sinaia, with expeditions in the Bucegi Mountains, and the literature that feeds on these expeditions. Beyond the opportunity offered by the writings of the Urechiă family, we wish to observe the production and efficiency of genealogical forms (Georges Didi-Huberman); the stake of such an approach comes from its historical situation. The moment of founding the Urechia family coincides with the founding of the Romanian culture and nation, making the investigation of their mountain expeditions, genealogical issues, and literary forms gain a political weight with an accent on the nation rather than on the family itself.

This thesis focuses on allegorical narratives written between 1453 and 1510, which are the last direct representatives of the important allegorical-narrative tradition popularized by the Roman de la Rose. Insofar as they are anchored in relation to a before and in the absence of an after, these texts have developed a late poetics of their own, based on respect for the literary heritage rather than on rivalry, on the preservation of writing procedures rather than on their renovation. Dissociating themselves from the critical filiation inaugurated by Jean de Meun, they thus revive the non-confrontational allegorical-narrative proposals of Guillaume de Lorris, whom they honor with a certain conservatism. If the study of the last manifestations of a genre requires, in addition to focusing on poetic considerations, placing late works in literary history (to understand their state of posterity and finality), it seems that, in the case of the last allegorical narratives, the poetics of the texts is revealing of their positioning: beyond the cultural upheavals of the turn of the 16th century, the peaceful relationship of these works to their filiation seems to have encouraged little renewal of the practice.

Copyright of Revista Lusofona de Educacao is the property of Universidade Lusofona de Humanidades e Tecnologias, CEIEF and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This article explores representations of mothering practices in Songs of the Suitcase (1998) by second-generation Italian Australian writer Anna Maria Dell'oso. This collection of short stories devotes special attention to the interlinks between mothering and mediation among culturally diverse groups in modern Australian society. Theoretical frameworks provided by scholars in translation, interpreting and child language brokering are used to shed light on how Dell'oso succeeds in voicing Italian Australian women migrants' abilities to negotiate and mediate between various cultural groups, ethnicities and generations, especially when it comes to mothering and maternal care. How does Dell'oso configure mothering as the most invaluable caregiving practice, vis-à-vis global mobility and circulation of values? How does she represent and problematize the role of mothers and daughters in modern Australia? How does she challenge families' views on how to mother? How does she interpret the role of the mediator of cultural memories and family beliefs? By displaying the author's fictional alter egos as the most privileged sites of exploration, Dell'oso reflects on the impact of migration upon mothering practices and the mother-daughter dyad. Finally, she offers thought-provoking views on how Italian Australian mothering practices, as social values, are confronted with and fashioned by ever-changing communities of migrants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article explores the theme of postcolonial transmission through the comparative analysis of two novels by French author Faïza Guène, her bestselling debut novel Kiffe kiffe demain and her latest narrative La Discrétion. It argues that intimate bonds between immigrant parents and their French-born children have been particularly pivotal to the politicization of the author's writing. The article traces how Guène's representation of women living in socio-economically disadvantaged French banlieues has evolved throughout her career. It shows how her initial optimism and faith in the Republican values has given way to an increasingly disenchanted vision. Drawing on decolonial feminist theory, the paper investigates how, in Guène's latest and most political novel to date, the transmission of silenced colonial and postcolonial history and withheld anger is depicted through a superposition of violent episodes from the life of a 70-year-old Algerian woman with the apparently insignificant yet persistent microaggressions experienced by her grown-up children in contemporary France. This strategy enables the author to reflect on the role of cultural transmission while reconstructing the silenced history of colonization, immigration and failed social mobility while also debunking the myth of Republican meritocracy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Le nombre d'enfants adoptés en France ou à l'international diminue depuis 2004, avec des enfants caractérisés par un âge plus élevé, des fratries, un vécu de ruptures plus nombreuses et des pathologies physiques, développementales, comportementales et/ou psychologiques nécessitant des soins plus ou moins durables, qui préoccupent les parents adoptants. Les médecins peuvent être sollicités en préadoption sur un dossier d'enfant ou pour des conseils de pédiatrie générale. Ils peuvent aussi évaluer cliniquement et par des examens complémentaires un enfant récemment arrivé. Ils sont également interrogés par des parents dont l'enfant adopté présente des troubles somatiques et/ou psychosociaux pendant ou après la période de transition, et en particulier lors des questionnements identitaires de l'adolescence. Cet article a pour but de donner des moyens de compréhension et de prise en charge des situations de consultations d'enfant adopté que le praticien peut rencontrer. Les pathologies le plus fréquemment observées à l'arrivée sont des infections intestinales et cutanées, des malnutritions et des troubles psychocomportementaux. Certaines infections et intoxications potentiellement graves et rares sont dépistées systématiquement (tuberculose, hépatites virales, syphilis, virus de l'immunodéficience humaine, etc.) ou selon les facteurs d'exposition au risque (paludisme, alcoolisation fœtale, saturnisme, etc.). Une évaluation de l'immunité vaccinale et un rattrapage éventuel sont nécessaires précocement. Au cours du suivi, les motifs fréquents de consultation sont la dynamique de croissance, l'incertitude de l'âge, des troubles développementaux (motricité, langage, sommeil et/ou alimentation), des troubles psychoaffectifs et de l'attachement et la puberté avancée. La connaissance des problématiques actuelles de l'adoption est nécessaire et permet d'éviter d'attribuer n'importe quel symptôme à l'adoption. Il existe des consultations d'adoption multidisciplinaires (pédiatres, pédopsychiatres, psychologue en lien avec un réseau de spécialistes) dans la plupart des régions de France et des pays d'adoption qui sont des centres de référence pour répondre aux situations complexes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Globalization, the changing concepts of the family definition and the emergence of new medical techniques for conceiving children have led to the emergence of substitution maternity and the issue of inheritance rights for children born of such a procedure. At international level, no comparable moral or legal basis can be identified in this area. The creation of a common legal framework or the advancement of a large-scale international unification of substantive law or rules on the recognition of the effects of foreign laws seems to be a distant goal to achieve. The issue of the inheritance rights of children born of surrogacy motherhood is a very complex one and currently without legislative protection. On European Union level, European Regulation 650/2012 has been in force since 2012, but there are no provisions on the situation of inheritance rights deriving from a surrogacy contract. The study aims to analyse the general concepts recognised in international, European and national law with regard to the creation of a legal framework as structured as possible for the protection of the inheritance rights of children born of substitution maternity, and to understand how this medical practice works. Another objective will be to analyse the decisions of the European Court of Human Rights, the decisions of the Court of Justice of the European Union and the national courts decisions, in order to find solutions on how to protect inheritance rights in such a situation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The legal framework governing bioethics in France appeared in 1994. The first laws relating to bioethics concerned respect for the human body, the gift and use of elements and products of the human body, medically assisted procreation (MAP) and prenatal diagnosis. In 2004, a new law came to revise the previous one and in 2011, the law of July 7 provided for a revision of the law by Parliament within a maximum period of 7 years, preceded by the organization of States General . The objective was to take into account advances in science and to better meet the expectations of society. In 2019, a new bill was presented by the Government and after much debate, on August 2, 2021, the new law relating to bioethics was promulgated and modified, among other things, the modalities of MAP and donation of gametes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Samuel Beckett Today / Aujourd'hui is the property of Brill Academic Publishers and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista de Derecho y Genoma Humano is the property of Dykinson SL and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Turkish Operations Management (JTOM) is the property of Ankara Yildirim Beyazit University Journal of Turkish Operations Management (JTOM) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article contains an intertextual analysis of the play “The Invasion” (1949) by Arthur Adamov, one of the classical examples of the drama of the absurd. In his dramaturgical experience of 1949, Arthur Adamov demonstrates the acceptance of the XIX century French literature romantic tradition and significant refraction of this tradition in the coordinate system of the poetics of the absurd. Being open about his main source — the play “Chatterton” (1834) by Alfred de Vigny — Adamov intentionally strengthens and sharpens the theme of the tragic forlornness of a great artist who lost faith in himself in the face of a crisis of faith in the world mind. Adamov’s principal character is a filiation of the image of the romantic poetmessiah. The principal character of de Vigny and the principal character of Adamov have in common a vocation associated with the sacred power of the Word (the Poet and the Keeper of the Message), and fervor in following this high vocation; opposition to the world of ordinary people; loyalty to the individual life code. In the context of the mid-twentieth century philosophical views system, based on the idea of the absurd, Adamov revises the rules by which the artistic world is constructed, and transforms some romantic motives and characteristics. Love and creativity no longer perform a saving function; escape becomes the movement of an individual into the space of the inner prison. The fate of Adamov’s principal character cannot be shared by anyone else. The principal character is devoid of a demiurgical quality; he is doomed to plumb the depths of the concept of comprehensive futility and observe the loss of meanings at all levels of human existence. The analysis of the figurative system of “The Invasion” proves the romantic genesis of the absurdism of the twentieth century, confirming the theoretical concept of romanticism as a stable paradigm of artistic consciousness, which has retained its relevance in the modern era.

Sukran Sevimli,1,2 Barış Sarp Sevimli2 1Department of Medical History and Ethics, Van Yuzuncu Yıl University, Medical School, Van, Turkey; 2Department of Periodontology, Hacettepe University Faculty of Dentistry, Ankara, TurkeyCorrespondence: Sukran SevimliVan Yuzuncu Yıl University, Medical School, Van, 06580, TurkeyEmail sukransevimli@gmail.comObjective: The purpose of this study was to determine and evaluate the challenges and ethical issues faced by COVID-19 filiation (contact tracing) teams and report the experiences of team members.Methods: This is a descriptive study conducted to evaluate the performance of contact tracing field teams established by the Ministry of Health to identify, refer, and follow-up persons who tested positive for COVID-19 and their contacts. Reports were collected from various Turkish medical associations, the Turkish Ministry of Health, online news sources, and online interviews published between 11 March 2020 and 18 April 2021.Results: A total of 32 reports published by the Turkish Ministry of Health, various medical associations in Turkey, and the Turkish Academy of Science, together with a number of online media reports on issues involving contact tracing teams, were reviewed. While the activities of the teams were overall found to be of benefit during the pandemic, numerous factors negatively impacting their success were identified. These factors included insufficient social support, wherein the fundamental bioethical values of solidarity, responsibility, respect, and trust were not adopted on a societal level, as well as issues involving the teams themselves, such as lack of time to properly conduct their work, inadequate communication skills and/or personal issues.Conclusion: Studies conducted by the contact tracing teams were of vital importance in managing the pandemic. The teams were especially effective in reaching both educated and uneducated segments of the society, in diagnosing cases, and in informing the public regarding the pandemic. Evaluating the experiences of the contact tracing teams deployed in Turkey is of vital importance to ensure better preparation for any future pandemics.Keywords: contact tracing team, filiation, pandemic, COVID-19, ethical issues

Copyright of Francosphères is the property of Open Library of Humanities and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Alors que l'assistance médicale à la procréation visait en France à répondre à une infertilité pathologique ou au risque de transmettre une maladie grave, la loi de bioéthique du 2 août 2021 ouvre la procréation technologique aux couples fertiles, aux femmes seules et en couple de femmes. La procréation est ainsi déconnectée de la réalité charnelle de l'engendrement de l'enfant pour se fonder sur la seule volonté de l'adulte de réaliser son projet parental. Ceci n'est pas sans conséquence sur les droits de l'enfant issu de ces technologies mais, aussi, sur le sens de la filiation général. Whereas in France assisted reproductive technology (ART) was intended to respond to pathological infertility or the risk of transmitting a serious disease, the bioethics law of 2 August 2021 opens up technological procreation to fertile couples, to single women and women's couple. Procreation is thus disconnected from the carnal reality of the begetting of a child and is based solely on the will of the adult to realise his or her parental project. This is not without consequences for the rights of the child born of these technologies but also for the meaning of filiation in general. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

L'auteur propose une synthèse d'un sujet d'actualité en présentant deux perspectives : l'approche théorique infiltrant divers secteurs de la connaissance et l'approche pratique concernant la pédopsychiatrie. Pour ce faire, l'auteur indique l'importance du lexique utilisé avec des remaniements qui affectent tous les pays, dans l'objectif d'éviter toute discrimination à l'égard des personnes trans. L'abord théorique et l'approche pratique conduisent à examiner successivement le rapport au monde et à l'histoire en distinguant les orientations nord-américaines et françaises et en dégageant les spécificités qui concernent l'enfant. Les théorisations s'affrontent : pour quelques-uns, le sexe doit être pensé comme naturellement donné, alors que pour d'autres il est socialement construit. La question de l'expérience trans et celle de la stigmatisation persistent, même si les aspects législatifs répondent de mieux en mieux aux demandes des personnes trans. Cela se répercute sur les problématiques de filiation qui ne se confondent pas avec l'engendrement ; il s'agit d'un lien social, d'un lien juridique ; dans nos sociétés, le lien affiliatif est devenu un enjeu politique et juridique au regard de l'égalité entre les sexes et de la législation concernant les conditions de vie des enfants vivant au sein de différents types de famille. L'auteur soulève un questionnement en tant que pédopsychiatre et signale l'augmentation des demandes de transition d'enfants mineurs en France et la présence de services de chirurgie, d'endocrinologie qui ont ouvert des secteurs ou des centres spécialisés. Pédiatres et pédopsychiatres se montrent réservés. L'extension des droits sur le plan législatif concerne de nombreux pays et s'oriente vers une identité déclarative, ce qui devrait pouvoir être discuté. The author proposes a synthesis of a topical topic by presenting two perspectives: the theoretical approach infiltrating various sectors of knowledge and the practical approach concerning child psychiatry. To this end, the author indicates the importance of the lexicon used with reworkings that affect all countries with the aim of avoiding discrimination against trans people. The theoretical approach and the practical approach lead us to examine successively the relationship to the world and to history by distinguishing the North American and French orientations and by identifying the specificities that concern the child. The theorizations confront each other: for some, sex must be thought as naturally given, while for others it is socially constructed. The issue of trans experience and stigma persist even though the legislative aspects increasingly respond to the demands of trans people. This has repercussions on the issues of filiation which are not confused with begetting; it is a social bond, a legal bond; in our societies the affiliate link has become a political and legal issue with regard to gender equality and legislation concerning the living conditions of children living in different types of families. The author raises a question as a child psychiatrist and points out the increase in requests for transition of minor children in France and the presence of surgical services, endocrinology which have opened specialized sectors or centers. Pediatricians and child psychiatrists are reserved. The extension of rights at the legislative level concerns many countries and is moving towards a declarative identity, which should be possible to discuss. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dans les sociétés occidentales, la filiation est une construction sociale et juridique. Deux formes de filiation coexistent, la filiation classique qui, en principe, s'appuie sur l'engendrement biologique, et la filiation adoptive, pure construction juridique. La filiation s'est longtemps référée au modèle sexué père/mère. En France, le législateur du XXe siècle et celui du XXIe ont tenté d'adapter les règles régissant le droit de la filiation aux nouvelles techniques de procréation, ainsi qu'à l'évolution du désir d'enfant, quelle que soit la composition de la famille. La loi du 17 mai 2013 (dite mariage pour tous) a ouvert l'adoption aux couples de personnes de même sexe. La loi bioéthique du 2 août 2021 permet à un couple de femmes de devenir mères toutes les deux, par reconnaissance conjointe : une maternité de 3e type a été créée, sans accouchement ni jugement d'adoption. Mais l'assistance médicale n'est pas ouverte aux couples d'hommes, ni a priori aux personnes transgenres. La référence au sexe est constante : si le mot sexe est référencé à trois reprises dans le code civil, articles 57 (acte de naissance), 61-5 (modification) et 143 (mariage pour tous), le mot genre, lui, n'y figure pas. Notre construction juridique de la filiation n'a donc pas appréhendé la question du genre apparue récemment. L'article 57 impose la déclaration du sexe de l'enfant dans son acte de naissance à l'état civil. La loi française du 18 novembre 2016 a prévu la possibilité de changement de sexe à l'état civil (C. Civ. articles 61-5 à 61-8), sans obligation de traitement hormonal ni d'intervention chirurgicale. La loi prévoit que la modification de la mention du sexe est sans effet sur les filiations établies avant cette modification, mais rien pour l'après. Or, si la fonction sexuelle d'engendrement a été conservée par la personne transgenre, la question qui se pose est de lui reconnaître – ou non – une parenté genrée telle qu'elle la revendique. La Cour de cassation a rappelé que la loi française ne connaît pas le « parent biologique ». La solution concrète consisterait à remplacer les termes « né de père et mère » dans les actes de naissance, par « fils ou fille de... ». Mais l'assignation d'un sexe à la naissance est-elle justifiée ? Un arrêt de la Cour constitutionnelle belge du 19 juin 2019 a censuré la loi belge du 25 juin 2017, relative au changement de sexe à l'état civil, parce qu'elle se limite à un choix binaire et qu'elle prévoit que le choix fait lors du changement de sexe est irrévocable. In Western societies, filiation is a social and legal construct. Two kinds of filiation exist, classical filiation, which rests in principle on biological engendering, and adoptive filiation, which is a purely legal construct. Filiation has long referred to the sexualised father/mother pattern. In France, twentieth- and twenty-first-century lawmakers have sought to adapt legal regulations on filiation to new reproductive techniques and to evolving wishes to have children, regardless of the family makeup. The law of 17 May 2013 (introducing "marriage for all") opened up adoption to same-sex married couples. The bioethics law of 2 August 2021 allows each partner in a female couple legally to become a mother through joint recognition: a third type of motherhood is thus created, which does not involve giving birth or an adoption order. Assisted reproductive technology (ART) is not open to male couples nor a priori to transgender persons. Legislation regarding filiation includes references to sex designation: the word "sex" appears three times in France's Civil Code: articles 57 (birth certificate), 61-5 (sex change) and 143 ("marriage for all"). In contrast, the word "gender" does not appear. Our legal construction of filiation does not address gender, a notion that has appeared more recently. Article 57 makes the designation of sex mandatory when a child's birth is registered. French legislation introduced on 18 November 2016 allows people to change the sex recorded on their birth certificate (Civil Code articles 61-5 to 61-8), without obligation of hormone treatment or sex-change surgery. The 2016 law considers that the change of sex has no effect on previous filiations, but does not address future filiations. Yet, if a transgender person has retained the sexual possibility to procreate, the question arises whether their wish to establish a gendered parentage should be recognised. Case study: On 16 September 2020, the Court of cassation examined the following affair: Mr X and Mrs Y were married in 1999 and gave birth to two children. In 2011, a court ruling allowed Mr X to obtain a change of sex on the civil register, while keeping their male sexual organs. In 2014, the couple had a third child. The genitor, now Mrs X, signed a pre-natal acknowledgement of parentage as a "non-gestational mother". The civil registrar refused to transcribe this recognition. The Court of cassation ruled in favour of this refusal, recalling that under French law a mother or father cannot be designated as "biological parent" in the civil registry and that it is not possible to establish a double maternal filiation (except in the case of adoption or, henceforth, through joint recognition of a child born of assisted procreation). Moreover, the child's best interest is preserved since their filiation may be established with both parents, enabling the third child to have the same filiation as their brethren born before the registration of sex-change. In a separate case, two men, one cisgender, the other transgender, registered the birth of a baby girl born of the transgender partner. The practical solution consisted in replacing "born of father and mother" on the birth certificate by "son or daughter of". Yet, is sex assignation at birth justified? On 19 June 2019, a ruling of the Belgian Constitutional Court censured the Belgian law of 25 June 2017 allowing the civil registration of sex-change for limiting this possibility to a binary choice and considering it irrevocable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Human beings exist in one of two sorts of solidarity, according to St. Paul—the solidarity of sin or alienation ‘in Adam’ or the solidarity of life-giving mutuality in Christ. There can be no Christian theology of the human that is not a theology of communion—which converges with the conviction that our creation in the divine image is creation in relationality. The image of God is not a portion or aspect of human existence but a fundamental orientation towards relation. This understanding of the divine image in turn points to the way in which—as the Orthodox theologian Vladimir Lossky stresses—a proper understanding of the nature of personal being depends upon a proper grasp of the divine image, including the fact that it is always an image of the divine ‘filiation’—the eternal relation of Word to the Father in the Trinity. Our personal flourishing is a filial dependence that liberates and empowers. And what is ‘empowered’ is the human vocation to make reconciled sense of the material world of which we are part, articulating and serving its Godward meaning, so that we may see our humanity as essentially a priestly calling within the reconciling priesthood of Christ, in whom all things cohere.

Paternity is the legal link between the father and the child and results from the fact that a man has conceived the child. Paternity may be either from marriage or from outside marriage. The filiation toward the father in marriage is determined by the effect of the presumption of paternity according to the law, and the paternity filiation toward the father outside the marriage is established, either by the recognition of the father or by the court. In the case of medically assisted human reproduction with a third-party donor, the filiation toward the father shall be based on the consent of the mother’s spouse or concubine to be considered the child’s father. In the case of the child in marriage, the presumption of paternity is the only way of establishing the filiation toward the father and operates ope legis. If the mother’s husband is impossible to be the father of the child, the paternity can be negated, but only by court.

Through the lens of a critical autoethnography, this article explores how a postcard, an artefact produced in the context of the French-Algerian war, creates an opening in the transmission of the colonial past between generations. Discovered several decades ago in the family house, the postcard in question, although now physically lost, resurfaces in the present time and interrogates both reception and filiation of our colonial legacy. Relating to this image-object becomes a starting point for a process of recreating and reconstructing; it results in a singular and evolving narrative, a step in curating our colonial memory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The filiation of children born abroad through surrogacy has undergone an interesting evolution. After the initial refusal of the French and Spanish high courts to recognize such filiation, the jurisprudence of the European Court of Human Rights related to the right to private and family life has led them to reconsider their initial positions. This is especially visible in the jurisprudential evolution of the French Court of Cassation, which today is more advanced in the matter than that of the Strasbourg Court itself. Other European national authorities have refused to transcribe the filiation of children of same-sex couples, in defense of traditional marriage. And this time it has been the Court of Justice of the European Union who, under the protection of the free movement of citizens of the Union and their families, has imposed the duty for such parentage to be recognized by the Member States. What is being imposed in one way or another is the best interest of the minor, which obliges national authorities to go so far as to inapply state precepts with the force of law. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ملخص: تهدف هذه الدراسة لمحاولة حلإشكالية حق الطفل غير الشرعي في معرفة والديه بين أحكام القانون الدولي الاتفاقي والشريعة الإسلامية من خلالتح معالجة مختلف المبادئ التي أرستها لجنة حقوق الطفل فيما يتعلق بمفهوم الوالدين وبحق الطفل في معرفتهما وحدود هذا الحق والاستثناءات المقررة عنه حماية لمصلحة الطفل العليا، ثم تحليل موقف الفقه الإسلامي المؤيد والمعارض لإلحاق الطفل غير الشرعي بوالديه. وقد اعتمدنا في دراسة كل ذلك على المنهج التحليل المقارن ببيان وضع المسألة في القانون الدولي وفي آراء فقهاء الشريعة الإسلامية. خلصت الدراسة، من خلال محاولة المقاربة بين المبادئ الدولية المُكرسة لحق الطفل في معرفة والديه والمبادئ التي أرستها الشريعة الإسلامية، إلى نتيجة أساسية تتعلق بضرورة حماية حقّ الطفل في حمل إسم كلا والديه وأثر حماية حق الطفل في الهويّة على حماية توازنه النفسي في المجتمع. The study examined the illegitimate child's right to know his parents between the provisions of international law and Islamic law. We have achieved the various principles established by the Committee on the Rights of the Child regarding the concept of parents and the child's right to know them, the limits of this right, and the exceptions established to protect the child's best interest. Then we dealt with Islamic jurisprudence's position supporting and opposing an illegitimate child's attachment to his parents. The study, by attempting to approach the international principles devoted to the child's right to know his parents and the principles established by Islamic law, concluded that the right of the child to bear the name of both parents is protected . Artikel ini mengkaji hak anak yang lahir di luar perkawinan yang sah untuk mengetahui orang tuanya menurut aturan hukum Internasional dan hukum Islam. Terdapat bebagai prinsip yang ditetapkan oleh Komite Hak-hak Anak berhubungan dengan konsep orang tua dan hak anak untuk mengetahui orang tua mereka, batasan hak-haknya, dan pengecualian-pengecualian yang dibuat untuk melindungi kepentingan terbaik anak. Selain itu, terdapat beberapa ketentuan dalam fikih yang mendukung dan menolak hubungan anak yang lahir di luar nikah dengan orang tuanya. Tulisan ini menyimpulkan bahwa hak anak untuk menyematkan nama kedua orang tuanya dijamin oleh hukum. Keywords: