Search

The Nopal (Opuntia ficus-indica) is a cactus belonging to the genus Opuntia present in arid and semi-arid areas, with a wide geographical distribution. At the Industry level it has great importance since it can be used for the production of food, so the objective of the work was to carry out a bibliographic search and review about its use in the Food Industry for the production of functional foods. As a new alternative, cactus flour is obtained through a dehydration process. Thanks to its nutritional composition, it is considered a good food product, presenting a high content of fiber and bioactive compounds; It can be used to prepare a wide range of foods such as: powdered drinks, energy bars and pastry products; considered functional products thanks to the contribution of dietary fiber (13.88%) that they have. On the part of consumers there is a positive acceptance towards products made with cactus flour. The use of flour is recommended in other types of products such as: dairy, meat and juices, in order to increase the dietary fiber content in their nutritional composition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Non-communicable diseases represent a global health burden with increasing prevalence. To prevent or improve this type of diseases, dietary strategies based on healthy foods have been suggested. Cereals are the most consumed foods in the world and preventive effects of whole grains on health have been described. The germ and bran of cereals are abundant in bioactive compounds, including phytochemicals, vitamins, minerals and fibers, and these compounds are effective in preventing and improving non-communicable diseases. This review analyzes the content and distribution of the primary components of whole grains (wheat, barley, oats, rice and black wheat) and their fractions, focusing on the mechanisms by which phenolic acids and dietary fiber contribute to reducing the risk of metabolic and cardiovascular diseases and cancer. There is clear evidence of the broad cellular and physiological effects of bioactive compounds in whole grains, supporting the health value of a diet rich in whole grains. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Colombiana de Investigaciones Agroindustriales is the property of Revista Colombiana de Investigaciones Agroindustriales del Centro Agropecuario Sena Buga and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Las hojas de stevia (Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni) son consideradas edulcorantes naturales, bajos en calorías e inocuos. Por su parte, los tallos de stevia han sido menos estudiados y se consideran subproductos agroindustriales, aunque representan una buena fuente de fibra con propiedades tecnofuncionales que podría utilizarse como ingrediente alimentario. El objetivo del presente trabajo fue evaluar las propiedades químicas y tecnofuncionales de los tallos de stevia como potencial ingrediente de alimentos funcionales. Los tallos fueron obtenidos de plantaciones de stevia en Yucatán – México, y se les determinó la composición química proximal y su perfil tecnofuncional considerando la retención de agua y de aceite, la absorción y adsorción de agua y la absorción de moléculas orgánicas. Las determinaciones analíticas fueron realizadas por triplicado y se utilizó un análisis de varianza de una vía para el análisis estadístico de los datos obtenidos. Estos presentaron un alto contenido de carbohidratos (54,84 %), fibra cruda (32,33 %), cenizas (6,99 %) y proteína (4,46 %). Los tallos retuvieron cinco veces su peso en agua y en aceite (5,57 y 5,00 g/g), respectivamente. La capacidad de absorción de moléculas orgánicas fue de 2,09 g/g, la absorción de agua iguala a 4,49 g/g y la adsorción de agua de 0,29 g/g. Los tallos como subproducto agrícola de la cosecha de hojas de stevia son una alternativa funcional para usar en la elaboración de alimentos con potenciales efectos fisiológicos.

Introducción. La calidad de los carbohidratos consumidos juega un papel importante en la prevención de las enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles (ECNT). Objetivo. Analizar el índice de calidad de los carbohidratos (ICC) en la población urbana costarricense y su relación con las variables sociodemográficas, antropométricas y la calidad y la diversidad de la dieta. Materiales y métodos. Los datos provienen del Estudio Latinoamericano de Nutrición y Salud, en una muestra representativa de 798 personas entre 15 y 65 años que residen en zonas urbanas de Costa Rica (2014- 2015). En una visita domiciliaria se administró un cuestionario para recolectar los datos sociodemográficos y se pesó y midió a los participantes. El consumo dietético se obtuvo mediante dos recordatorios de 24 horas en días no consecutivos. El ICC se calculó mediante el consumo de fibra, el índice glicémico, la relación carbohidratos sólidos/líquidos y la relación granos enteros/granos totales. Se comparó el ICC según el sexo, el grupo de edad, el nivel socioeconómico, el estado nutricional, la circunferencia de cintura y la calidad y diversidad de la dieta de los participantes. Resultados. El ICC se asoció positivamente con un mayor consumo de energía, carbohidratos totales, proteínas, grasas, colesterol, frutas, vegetales y leguminosas (p

Copyright of Archivos Latinoamericanos de Nutrición is the property of Sociedad Latinoamericana de Nutricion and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective: this study aimed to evaluate whether low-salt low-protein diet (LPD) supplemented with 10 g of inulin could lower serum toxin levels in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD), thereby providing evidence for adjusting dietary prescriptions of inhospital patients and outpatient nutrition consultants. Methods: we randomized 54 patients with CKD into two groups. Dietary protein intake compliance was evaluated using a 3-day dietary diary and 24-h urine nitrogen levels. The primary outcomes were indoxyl sulfate (IS) and p-cresyl sulfate (PCS), and secondary outcomes included inflammation marker levels, nutritional status, and renal function. We assessed 89 patients for eligibility, and a total of 45 patients completed the study, including 23 and 22 in the inulin-added and control groups, respectively. Results: PCS values decreased in both groups after intervention: inulin-added group, ΔPCS -1.33 (-4.88, -0.63) µg/mL vs. LPD group, -4.7 (-3.78, 3.69) µg/mL (p = 0.058). PCS values reduced from 7.52 to 4.02 µg/mL (p < 0.001) in the inulin-added group (p < 0.001). Moreover, IS decreased from 3.42 (2.53, 6.01) µg/mL to 2.83 (1.67, 4.74) µg/mL after adding inulin; ΔIS was -0.64 (-1.48, 0.00) µg/mL, and a significant difference was observed compared with the control group (p = 0.004). The inflammation index decreased after intervention. Conclusion: dietary fiber supplementation may reduce serum IS and PCS levels and modulate their inflammatory status in predialysis CKD patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Soluble dietary fiber was extracted from spent Morchella importuna by optimizing the extraction conditions using the response surface method. Response surface analysis results indicated that the extraction yield of MI-SDF reached up to 15.38 ± 0.16% under the optimized conditions with optimal lye concentration of 2.9%, extraction temperature of 71°C and extraction time of 2 h. The results of scanning electron microscope (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and X-ray diffraction analyses suggested that M. importuna-derived soluble dietary fiber (MI-SDF) exhibited the typical porous fiber structures, polysaccharide functional groups, and cellulose crystal structure. And MI-SDF was applicable to food processing at

This work aimed to evaluate the gastrointestinal and metabolic effect in a murine model of a snack rich in fiber (corn, chickpea, sesame, and chia) (HFS) and the comparison with the consumption of a commercial corn snack (CMS). Unlike the commercial snack, the mixture of corn, chickpea, sesame, and chia improved the nutritional quality of the final product. In the evaluation of the intake of the different diets in the mouse model, high-fiber snack (HFS) decreased cholesterol and triglyceride levels after 30 days of consumption, while CMS increased glucose levels and caused metaplasia in gastric tissue, in addition to decreasing the height villus in small intestinal tissue. The reformulation of snacks, using in addition to cereals, legumes, and oilseeds, can be a functional food easily accessible to the population, being a better option than snacks of low nutritional quality that are on the market. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Apple pomace is a by-product of the fruit juice industry and comprises peel, seed, stem, and pulp tissues. This by-product contains dietary fibers, polyphenols, vitamins, and organic acids that can benefit human health and have a high potential as a dietary source. Baked products are well-known food types to humans and have a key role in feeding people worldwide. Nowadays, enriched products such as bread, cakes, and biscuits are available in stores. Different studies worldwide have been done about applying the by-products of the fruit juice industry in the bakery. Objective: This research aimed to evaluate apple peel (APE) and pulp (APU) powders separately as a partial substitute for wheat flour in cake production. Methods: Apple peel and pulp separately produced as the residual wastes of juicing were dried for 3 hours in oven (60°C). The dried pulp and peel were ground and sieved using a 60 µm mesh. In this research, chemical and physicochemical analyses were performed according to AACC (Approved Methods of the American Association of Cereal Chemists) and standard food analysis methods. Textural characteristic was analyzed by a texture analyzer (Brookfield CT3-10 Kg, US) equipped with an aluminum probe. Results: Different levels of APE and APU powders (10%, 20%, and 30 %) were used to enrich the cakes. The ash content, fat content, water adsorption capacity, and oil absorption capacity of the wheat flour were lower than APU and APE, whereas the moisture content, protein content, bulk density, and pH showed a reverse trend. Adding APU and APP to the cake formula increased total dietary fiber (TDF) from 4.14 % in the control sample to 27.71 % in the sample with 30 % apple peel powder (APE-30). The highest a* colorimetric parameter (redness) in the cake core was 3.82 in the APE-30 sample. The addition of APE and APU significantly increased the hardness, gumminess, and chewiness of the samples (p<0.05). APE-10 samples could improve the nutritional properties of the cakes without significant reduction (p>0.05) in overall acceptance compared to the control sample. Conclusion: The results of this research demonstrated that a partial replacement of the wheat flour with apple pulp and peel significantly increased the dietary fibers, especially insoluble dietary fiber, compared to the control sample. Apple pulp and apple peel powders had the potential for use in cake making as a good source of dietary fibers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Antecedentes: la asociación del alto consumo de carnes rojas procesadas con el cáncer colorrectal hace que los consumidores empiecen a demandar productos cárnicos con un perfil nutricional mejorado. Objetivo: diseñar una carne de hamburguesa comercializable, a base de pechuga de pollo, fuente de fibra y baja en grasa con buena aceptación por los consumidores. Materiales y métodos: con base en una formulación estándar de hamburguesa, se hicieron tres formulaciones con adición de fibra como reemplazante de grasa: F1 contenía fibra de cidra (Sechium edule); F2, de zanahoria (Daucus carota); y F3, de inulina. Se calculó la composición nutricional teórica y se realizó una prueba de aceptación por consumidores con una escala de nueve puntos. Resultados: la formulación más aceptada y con mayor contenido de fibra fue la que contenía inulina, con un puntaje de 7,7±1,4 y diferencias significativas, según la prueba T3 de Dunett, con las formulaciones F2 (p=0,001) y F1 (p=0,000), cuyos promedios de aceptación fueron similares: 6,0±2,5 puntos para F2 y 5,9±2,2 para F1 (p=0,931). Las formulaciones con fibra contenían menos grasa y calorías que la formulación control. Conclusión: es posible lograr derivados cárnicos con reducción del contenido de grasa y aporte de fibra sensorialmente aceptados.

Soluble dietary fiber was extracted from spent Morchella importuna by optimizing the extraction conditions using the response surface method. Response surface analysis results indicated that the extraction yield of MI-SDF reached up to 15.38 ± 0.16% under the optimized conditions with optimal lye concentration of 2.9%, extraction temperature of 71°C and extraction time of 2 h. The results of scanning electron microscope (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and X-ray diffraction analyses suggested that M. importuna-derived soluble dietary fiber (MI-SDF) exhibited the typical porous fiber structures, polysaccharide functional groups, and cellulose crystal structure. And MI-SDF was applicable to food processing at <250°C. During in vitro fecal fermentation, MI-SDF significantly increased the abundance and diversity of beneficial bacteria and decreased those of harmful bacteria. The levels of total and individual short-chain fatty acids were significantly increased. This study will provide valuable information for further investigation of MI-SDF. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

RESUMO Foram determinados os valores energéticos e a composição bromatológica do resíduo seco de fecularia (RSF) para frangos de corte, na fase de crescimento, utilizando ou não enzimas carboidrases. Os tratamentos foram distribuídos em esquema fatorial 2x4 + ração referência, sendo uma RR sem adição de RSF e quatro tratamentos experimentais com 10%, 20%, 30% e 40% de inclusão do RSF e a suplementação ou não com carboidrases. A composição química encontrada para o RSF, na MN, foi de 89,86% de matéria seca, 0,98% de proteína bruta, 3519kcal kg-1 de energia bruta, 0,19% de extrato etéreo, 27% de fibra em detergente neutro, 19,5% de fibra em detergente ácido, 0,33% de cálcio, 0,43% de fósforo, 0,46% de potássio e 0,12% de magnésio. O uso de carboidrases proporcionou um aumento de 173 e 213kcal kg-1 nos valores de EMA e EMAn, respectivamente, resultando em 1828kcal kg-1 EMA e 1840kcal kg-1 EMAn. Concluiu-se que os maiores níveis de EMA e EMAn foram encontrados para o nível de inclusão médio do RSF de 35% e que a suplementação enzimática pode promover aumento desses parâmetros em até 12% em dietas para frangos de corte na fase de crescimento.

Las características de los alimentos pueden modificarse mediante la incorporación de componentes que muestran propiedades funcionales, como la capacidad de retención de agua y la formación de geles, que no sólo afectan el comportamiento del alimento durante su procesamiento, sino también su calidad y características finales. En los últimos años, se han buscado ingredientes alternativos que puedan incorporarse a los alimentos cuyo consumo elevado suele asociarse al desarrollo de enfermedades como la obesidad, por su alto contenido de grasas y sodio en los productos cárnicos o azúcares añadidos en otros alimentos, buscando mejorar su calidad nutricional sin alterar los atributos sensoriales a los que el consumidor está acostumbrado. Entre estos ingredientes se ha encontrado que diversas fibras dietéticas poseen propiedades funcionales y nutricionales interesantes. La inclusión de fibras como la cáscara de soya, cítricos, avena y fructooligosacáridos, en productos alimenticios como salchichas, hamburguesas y nuggets ha mostrado resultados favorables a nivel tecnológico, nutricional y sensorial, señalando un potencial importante en el desarrollo de alimentos funcionales. Por ello, la presente revisión pretende mostrar los cambios fisicoquímicos, de textura y sensoriales observados en diferentes productos cárnicos adicionadas con fuentes de fibras dietéticas. DOI: https://doi.org/10.54167/tecnociencia.v16i1.892

Introducción. El consumo de frutas y vegetales correlaciona inversamente con la incidencia de enfermedades degenerativas como diabetes, enfermedades cardiovasculares, ciertos tipos de cáncer y cataratas asociadas al envejecimiento, dada la acción de compuestos bioactivos como vitamina C, polifenoles y carotenoides. Objetivo. Evaluar el perfil nutricional de once frutas cultivadas en Costa Rica. Materiales y métodos. Este estudio se realizó en el Centro Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología de Alimentos de la Universidad de Costa Rica, en el 2010. Se determinó el contenido de fibra dietética, polifenoles totales, reportados como equivalentes de ácido gálico (EAG), carotenoides totales expresados como µg β-caroteno y la capacidad hidrofílica de absorción de radicales de oxígeno (H-ORACFL) de once frutas tradicionales o subutilizadas: banano (Musa AAA subgrupo Cavendish cv. ‘Grand Naine’), mora tropical de altura (Rubus adenotrichos cv. ‘vino con espinas rojas’), melón (Cucumis melo cv. ‘Veracruz’), higo (Ficus carica cv. ‘Brown-Turkey’), mango (Mangifera indica cv. ‘Tommy Atkins’), papaya (Carica papaya híbrido ‘Pococí’), pejibaye (Bactris gasipaes H.B.K), piña (Ananas comosus cv. híbrido MD-2 ‘Gold’), membrillo (Cydonia oblonga), jocote (Spondias purpurea cv. Tronador) y tomate de árbol rojo (Solanum betaceum). Las frutas fueron recolectadas en localidades de San José, Cartago, Alajuela, Guanacaste y Limón. Resultados. Seis de las frutas estudiadas presentaron contenidos de fibra dietética entre 4,2 y 6,6 g 100 g-1. La mora tropical de altura presentó el mayor contenido de compuestos fenólicos totales (538 ± 97 mg EAG 100 g-1) y la mayor actividad antioxidante (62,1 ± 4,0 μmol equivalentes de Trolox g-1), y el pejibaye cocido presentó el mayor contenido de carotenoides (72 ± 4 µg β-caroteno g-¹). Conclusión. Se evidencia los altos contenidos de compuestos bioactivos en frutas comúnmente cultivadas en Costa Rica, características nutricionales asociadas a beneficios para la salud, respaldados por estudios clínicos y epidemiológicos.

Copyright of Archivos Latinoamericanos de Nutrición is the property of Sociedad Latinoamericana de Nutricion and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background: The association between increased consumption of processed red meat and colorectal cancer has driven the demand for meat products with improved nutritional profiles. Objective: To design commercialized hamburger meat that contains chicken breast as the base, fiber, reduced fat, and is accepted by consumers. Materials and Methods: Three formulations were created with a standard hamburger base and additional fiber as a fat replacement: F1 contained fiber from citron (Sechium edule); F2, from carrots (Daucus carota); and F3 from inulin. The theoretical nutritional composition was calculated and a consumer acceptance test was performed on a scale of nine points. Results: The most accepted formulation by consumers with the highest fiber content was the hamburger containing inulin, rated at 7.7±1.4 points. According to the Dunett T3 test, significant differences were reached by F1 (p=0.000) and F2 (p=0.001). They also had similar acceptance averages: F1 (5.9±2.2 points; p=0,000) and F2 (6.0±2.5 points; p=0.001) (p=0.931). The formulations containing added fiber were lowest in fat and calories when compared to the control formulation. Conclusion: It is possible to achieve meat derivatives with reduced fat and added fiber that are sensorily accepted by consumers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Estomatología is the property of Universidad del Valle and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Innotec is the property of Laboratorio Tecnologico del Uruguay and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

La Pitahaya, conocida comúnmente como “fruta del dragón”, es un fruto originario de Centroamérica y la selva peruana cuyo fruto puede ser de diferentes colores como amarillo, purpura, rojo y blanco. Este fruto presenta un alto valor nutricional, destacando el contenido de ácido ascórbico que se encuentra entre 4-25 mg/100g según su especie, teniendo el mayor valor la especie roja. La Pitahaya es un fruto con alta capacidad antioxidante, incluso superior al de otras cactáceas, como la tuna. Presenta compuestos bioactivos como las betalainas; que favorecen a los trastornos relacionados con el stress y posee efectos antiflamatorio, además presenta betaninas y betacianinas; que son una fuente de colorante natural. Este trabajo de revisión tuvo como objetivo recopilar información sobre los estudios realizados a la Pitahaya relacionados con su cultivo, características fisicoquímicas, composicion nutricional y compuestos bioactivos, por sus beneficios a la salud, tales como; evitar el envejecimiento prematuro, reducir los niveles de presión arterial y aliviar los problemas estomacales e intestinales, además el consumo de pitahaya es recomendado para contrarrestar enfermedades como la diabetes y cáncer al colon.

Antecedentes: las disacaridasas intestinales pueden ser inhibidas o estimuladas parcialmente en presencia de fibra. Objetivo: evaluar el efecto de los residuos fibrosos de avena (Avena sativa) y caraotas (Phaseolus vulgaris) sobre la actividad in vitro de las disacaridasas intestinales. Materiales y métodos: 15 ratas Sprague Dawley se dividieron en tres grupos: un grupo control, un grupo alimentado con harina de caraota y un grupo alimentado con harina de avena, durante 21 días. Se obtuvo un homogeneizado de la mucosa intestinal que fue utilizado para la determinación de la actividad de las disacaridasas por un método enzimático, en presencia de sustrato natural y con la adición de residuos fibrosos de harina de avena y caraotas en concentración de 2,5 % (P/V). Resultados: la mayor actividad enzimática se registró en la región intestinal media para cada enzima (p

La avena contiene cantidades relativamente elevadas de fibra dietética, particularmente de β-glucanos. Esto le confiere un potencial significativo en la producción de alimentos prebióticos, funcionales y nutracéuticos para el hombre. El propósito de este trabajo fue evaluar el efecto del genotipo y de la dosis de nitrógeno (N) aplicada durante el cultivo, sobre el rendimiento y la concentración de β-glucanos y nitrógeno en el grano. Para tal efecto, se sembraron, en la Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, al norte de la ciudad de Toluca (19°15’33’’N, 99°39’38’’ W, 2640 m s. n. m.) en México, siete variedades comerciales: Turquesa, Obsidiana, Karma, Avemex, Chihuahua, Paramo y Menonita y los tratamientos de fertilización consistieron en 60 y 120 kg Nha-1. Al grano cosechado se le cuantificaron los β-glucanos, además del rendimiento y sus principales componentes. Los resultados mostraron que en los genotipos Turquesa, Paramo y Menonita la fertilización nitrogenada incrementó el contenido de β-glucanos y en los otros cuatro, por el contrario los disminuyó. El rendimiento de grano aumentó con la dosis de N, aunque cada genotipo respondió de manera diferente a este factor. Este parámetro del cultivo se explicó mejor por el número de granos obtenido por superficie que por el peso individual de estos. La capacidad de macollaje de la avena permite que los macollos generen la mayor parte del rendimiento y son los macollos los órganos donde se concentra el efecto de la fertilización nitrogenada.

The Pitahaya, commonly known as "dragon fruit", is a fruit originating in Central America and the Peruvian jungle whose fruit can be of different colors such as yellow, purple, red and white. This fruit has a high nutritional value, highlighting the content of ascorbic acid that is between 4-25 mg / 100g depending on its species, with the highest value being the red species. Pitahaya is a fruit with a high antioxidant capacity, even superior to that of other cacti, such as prickly pear. It presents bioactive compounds such as betalains; that favor stress-related disorders and have anti-inflammatory effects, it also has betanins and betacyanins; they are a source of natural dye. This review work aimed to collect information on the studies carried out on the Pitahaya related to its cultivation, physicochemical characteristics, nutritional composition, and bioactive compounds, for their health benefits, such as; avoid premature aging, reduce blood pressure levels and alleviate stomach and intestinal problems, and the consumption of pitahaya is recommended to counteract diseases such as diabetes and colon cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Recently, in Brazil, coloured-tegument soybean cultivars have been developed, such as those with brown and black teguments. Soybeans with black teguments have been widely used for decades due to their health benefits and their use in oriental folk medicine as a result of the presence of phytochemicals. They have been recognized as health-promoting functional food ingredients due to their antioxidant activity, and are also known to have anti-cancer, hypoglycaemic and anti-inflammatory effects and have been used in the treatment of various circulatory disorders. This study aimed to determine the proximate composition, fatty acid levels and lipoxygenase activity of soybean lineages with different tegument colours intended for human consumption. The lineage MGBR10-16601 which has a yellow tegument, presented the highest protein and lowest fat contents, with values of 37.6 g 100 g-1 and 18.3 g 100 g-1, respectively. The lineage MGBR10-16201, which also has a yellow tegument, was identified as free of lipoxygenase isoenzymes. The unsaturated fatty acid levels ranged from 18.48 to 31.37 mg g-1 and from 47.36 to 58.31 mg g-1 for oleic and linoleic acids, respectively. The lineage BRN07-50543, which has a black tegument, presented high total isoflavone levels (546 mg 100 g-1), with an oleic acid level above and linoleic acid level below the standards established by the Codex Alimentarius for soybean oil, with values of 31.37 mg g-1 and 47.36 mg g-1, respectively. The cultivar BRSMG 790A, which has a yellow tegument, presented the lowest isoflavone level (171.4 mg 100 g-1). All the genetic materials examined presented crude protein, fat, dietary fibre and ash levels within the commercial parameters established for soybeans.

Hoy en día es conocido por todos, la relación existente entre los alimentos consumidos por las personas y su estado de salud. Existen muchas enfermedades cuya aparición ha sido vinculada con la mala alimentación; debido a esto, hay una tendencia muy marcada a consumir productos saludables. Esta nueva tendencia presiona a diversos sectores de la industria de alimentos (cárnicos, lácteos, bebidas, etc.) para elaborar productos que no solamente sean buenos para la salud, sino que también puedan ofrecer un beneficio adicional a ésta. Este es el caso de los alimentos funcionales. En este trabajo se presenta la elaboración y evaluación de mermeladas adicionadas con un 20 y 30% de cáscara de mango (Mangifera indica, L.)(CM) comparándola con mermelada que no tenía adición de CM, se les realizó una evaluación sensorial. A la de mayor nivel de agrado, se le determinó la composición proximal y las fracciones de fibra dietética. La CM tuvo 14.4 % de fibra dietética total (FDT), 8.5 % de fibra dietética insoluble (FDI) y 5.9 % de fibra dietética soluble (FDS). La adicionada con un 30% de CM tuvo el mayor nivel de agrado (5.7) que la del 20% (5.6). El contenido de FDT en la mermelada con CM al 30 % (7.8 %) resultó mayor en comparación con la mermelada que no se le adicionó CM (5.5 %).

La fibra dietética ayuda a reducir el riesgo de padecer algunas enfermedades crónicas, a pesar de esto, su ingesta mundial es menor que los niveles recomendados. Este hecho motiva a la industria alimentaria a incorporar fibra dietética, obtenida de fuentes vegetales en productos alimenticios, como el yogurt. El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo evaluar las principales características de calidad de diferentes formulaciones de yogurt, en función de la incorporación de epicarpio de maracuyá deshidratado (EMD), con alto contenido de fibra dietaria (71,4 ± 0,04%), en concentración de 0 y 0,5% y el efecto que ejerce la grasa láctea presente en la leche cruda de vaca, en concentración de 0, 0,5 y 3,0%. Algunas propiedades fisicoquímicas, tales como pH, acidez titulable (%), viscosidad (cP) y parámetros de color por método CIELab fueron evaluadas en seis formulaciones diferentes. De acuerdo con los resultados obtenidos, se realizó un análisis sensorial y se evaluó la estabilidad de dos formulaciones de yogurt, durante un periodo de almacenamiento de 29 días, a 4°C. La incorporación de EMD contribuyó significativamente al incremento de acidez y la viscosidad en el producto. El EMD favoreció la estabilidad del gel y permitió obtener resultados aceptables en atributos sensoriales hasta el día 15 de almacenamiento. La incorporación de EMD en la elaboración de yogurt permitió enriquecer el valor, debido al aporte de fibra dietaria, la cual, puede actuar como sustituto funcional de la grasa láctea.

This work aimed to determine the relationship and dose of Lactobacillus casei and Lactobacillus acidophilus in milk, and the proportion of vegetable ingredients for the development of a fresh cheese with health benefits. The cheese was made with pasteurized skim milk, addition of probiotic cultures and rennet as a coagulant. It is without the addition of sodium chloride. Cheese was controlled for viability, acceptability and shelf life. The vegetable ingredients were added to the cheese according to the experimental plan and the response variable was acceptability. The best formulations were made sensory evaluation with judges potentially consumers and selection was determined nutritional indicators. It was concluded that the cultures should be used in a 1:1 ratio and 2, 5 % doses. The refrigerated cheese maintained a viability above 106 cfu/g until 14 days. The fresh cheese developed with probiotic cultures and with the addition of cinnamon 3, 5 to 5, 0 %, fiber of oat 7, 5 to 10, 0 %, nuts 7, 5 to 10, 0 %, rosemary 2, 0 %, sweet paprika 1, 0 % and oregano 0, 4 % presented acceptable sensorial quality and by the nutritional composition this cheese can be considered with properties that its consumption may has effective physiological benefits in the improvement of the health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Jornal de Pediatria is the property of Sociedade Brasileira de Pediatria and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Archivos Latinoamericanos de Nutrición is the property of Sociedad Latinoamericana de Nutricion and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

En el estudio se evaluó el potencial agroindustrial de las cáscaras de mango de las variedades Keitt y Tommy Atkins, por sus características de rendimientos, contenidos en compuestos fenólicos totales y composición proximal (materia seca, proteína, extracto etéreo, cenizas, fibras dietéticas y energía bruta). Las cáscaras se liofilizaron con el fin de preservar sus compuestos antioxidantes. Se utilizó un diseño unifactorial con dos niveles (variedades) y los datos se presentan como media ± desviación estándar (P = 0.05). Con el procesamiento artesanal se produjeron 13.5 ± 0.48% de cáscaras para la variedad Tommy Atkins y 16.1 ± 0.5% para la variedad Keitt, con materia seca de 18 y 17%, respectivamente. Por sus contenidos de materia seca, estos residuos agroindustriales tienen un alto potencial para desarrollar productos de valor agregado. Ambas variedades presentaron cáscara con alto contenido de fibras soluble e insoluble (Keitt 22.1%bs y Tommy Atkins19.9% bs). Se concluye que las cáscaras de mango de estas variedades tienen potencial como ingrediente o suplemento alimentario y en la formulación de alimentos funcionales prebióticos, ya que son una excelente fuente de fibra dietética y de compuestos fenólicos (> 3000 mg/100 g de MS).

This contribution looks at the possibility of replacing acid-thinned corn starch by chicory inulin as gelling coagents in gummy jellies made with gelatin. A creamy gel could be formed after stirring (70°C/10 min) an inulin water solution (240 g kg−1) without previous cooking. Starch replacement by inulin (90 g kg−1 raw mass) in jellies provided a slightly softer, springier and stickier texture, enhanced strawberry, sweet and sour flavors, and hardly affected the red color. Inulin/Oligosaccharides remained without be degraded to free sugars in jellies after processing (mixing at 80°C and pH 3.2 for 5 min and further drying at 30% relative humidity and 25°C for 24 h). Therefore, chicory inulin acted as stable and neutral flavoring ingredient and can be used as gelling coagent to develop gummy jellies enriched in dietary fiber with potential prebiotic activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Segurança Alimentar e Nutricional is the property of Universidade Estadual de Campinas - Portal de Periodicos Eletronicos Cientificos and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The utilization of agro-industrial by-products and andean cereals in the elaboration of functional foods is evidenced in current research. Cereal bars stand out as fast foods with high nutritional value. The objective of the research was to formulate cereal bars counting as ingredients of oat bran study, pineapple peel powder and quinoa flakes; with adequate values of protein, firmness, sensory acceptance, dietary fiber and phenolic compounds. A simplex mix design with expanded centroid with a working range of 0 - 31,34% was applied. A significant effect of oat bran, pineapple peel powder and quinoa flakes was found on the response variables. The appropriate model to represent the behavior of the response variables was selected considering the values of p<0,05; R2>0,80 and lack of fit > 0,05; being the cubic special model the one that better adjusted the data for protein and general acceptability; while for dietary fiber it was the quadratic model. It was determined that the optimal treatment was constituted by 4,12% oat bran; 10,04% pineapple shell powder and 17,18% quinoa flakes, having a protein content (11,37%), dietary fiber (13,28%) and general acceptability (7,47 points) which is equivalent to a very good perception. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: the amount of fiber ingested in Latin American countries is lower (10-20 g/d) than recommended (35 g/d). An increase isrecommended for patients with metabolic syndrome (MS) to reduce cardiovascular risk, as well as to prevent obesity and other complications.Objective: to evaluate whether increased dietary fiber consumption complements MS treatment and improves clinical and laboratory parameters in subjects at the San Martín Mexicapam "La Joya" Health Center, Oaxaca (Mexico).Methods: an analytical-longitudinal study was carried out from January to April 2017, to evaluate nutritional status before and after intervention with dietary fiber and to measure cholesterol levels, triglycerides and fasting blood glucose. An increase of 15 g of fiber (fruits-vegetables and/or oat bran and/or wheat bran) was indicated in the usual diet over eight weeks.Results: the sample consisted of 30 participants from the Mutual Aid Group diagnosed with MS, with an average age of 37.26 years, starting from a body mass index (BMI) of 30.75 kg/cm2 and levels of fasting glycemia at 153.87 mg/dl, triglycerides at 209.67 mg/dl, and cholesterol at 213.81 mg/dl. Following the intervention, a statistically significant difference (p < 0.05) was obtained with a BMI of 29.7 kg/cm2, fasting glycemia at 127.77 mg/dl, triglycerides at 179.71 mg/dl and cholesterol at 207.13 mg/dl.Conclusion: a reduction in the results for the parameters tested in patients of MS is improved by a greater consumption of dietary fiber, such as oat bran. However, additional studies are required to generate clearer recommendations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The physiological effect of corn arepas consumption enriched with 10% (w/w) pectin extracted from banana passionfruit peel was evaluated on the serum levels of glucose and lipid in adult volunteers. The pectin was extracted with hydrochloric acid and precipitated with 96% (v/v) ethanol. Firstly, the volunteers consumed arepa without pectin for seven days; then, arepa with 10% of commercial citrus pectin for 20 days, and, finally, arepa with 10% banana passionfruit pectin for 20 days. At the same time, a sensory acceptance analysis was carried out. The results showed that, when consuming arepa with banana passionfruit pectin, serum glucose levels decreased significantly (5.88% (p = 0.023)), while the lipid profile was not affected. The arepa formulated with banana passionfruit pectin showed a higher percentage of soluble, insoluble and total dietary fiber, as well as a lower percentage of available carbohydrates as compared to the other analyzed arepas. The sensory panel ruled low acceptance in flavor and texture for arepas with commercial citrus and banana passionfruit pectin. It was concluded that banana passionfruit pectin can be used for the formulation of arepas since it offers to consumers a beneficial food to reduce blood glucose levels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Latinoamericana de Hipertension is the property of Revista Latinoamericana de Hipertension and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Set of resident microorganisms in our body that are responsible for the absorption of nutrients and the maintenance of health is named microbiota. The microbiota´s role is protective, trophic and metabolic. Different groups of microbiota intestinal name enterotypes, each one of them are in relation to specific dietary habits. The absence of enteral stimulation affects both epithelial and GALT and the development of the microbiota. This situation modifies the immune system´s interaction, with a less competitive exclusion of more pathogenic bacteria, which can promote infections. These changes are likely reversible when supplementation with enteral nutrition is used. Dietary fibre and probiotics, to be fermented by colonic microbiota produce gases and short-chain fatty acids causing an acid pH in the large intestine which hinders the growth of pathogenic microorganisms. The administration of probiotic with enteral nutrition in critically ill patients was associated with lower rates of infection with no effect on mortality, average stay, or diarrhea. Also proposed as a strategy to reduce infectious complications in elective surgery and to reduce the time of tolerance of enteral feeding in preterm or low birth weight. In acute pancreatitis, it has been suggested a possible role of probiotics to restore intestinal integrity, but more safety studies are needed. There are isolated cases of bacteremia, sepsis or endocarditis usually in immunocompromised patients. Yet the benefits appear to be greater than the risks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Los productos cárnicos cocidos tienen un déficit de fibra, el objetivo principal es investigar efectos nutricionales y económicos al sustituir fécula por harina de chía en la mortadela, obteniéndose un aporte en base seca “chía” de 23,79% proteínas, 38,47% fibra cruda, 28,96% grasa bruta, 3,28% hidratos de carbono y 5,50% cenizas, demostrando que la chía es un alimento completo y balanceado. Para la elaboración se ensayó varias dosificaciones, siendo la de mayor significancia T3 que adiciona un 5% de harina de chía, generando los siguientes resultados: 33,71% en proteínas, 5,27% en fibra cruda, 52,59% en grasa bruta, 0,02% en hidratos de carbono y 8,41% en cenizas, se destacó la fibra cruda que se incrementó desde 0,07 presente en el testigo a 5,27 en el tratamiento T3. La aceptación fue la de menor concentración por su color, por ello se adiciono 0,5 ml de rojo carmín por kilogramo obteniendo una coloración semejante a la mortadela de las marcas locales Piggis y La Ibérica.

Introducción: El objetivo del presente estudio es evaluar, mediante análisis bibliométrico, la producción científica existente sobre la fibra dietética recopilada en la de datos MEDLINE, vía PubMed. Material y métodos: Estudio descriptivo transversal. Se calculó el tamaño muestral mediante la estimación de parámetros poblacionales en una población infinita (n=386). El método de muestreo fue el aleatorio simple sin reemplazo. Resultados: La tipología documental más frecuente fue el artículo original con 177 documentos (45,9%; IC95%: 40,9-50,1), siendo el índice de productividad de 2,25. La edad de los documentos analizados fue de 17,7 años (IC95%: 16,4-18,9), con mediana de 15,5 años. Lo documentos revisados estaban predominantemente escritos en inglés, en 352 ocasiones (91,2%; IC95%: 88,4-94,0), seguidos del alemán en 11 artículos (2,9%; IC95%: 1,2-4,5), del ruso en 7 ocasiones (1,8%; IC95%: 0,5-3,1) y español con 6 artículos (1,6%; IC95%: 0,3-2,8). Las revistas que presentaron 15 o más trabajos, en los resultados de búsqueda efectuada son 4: American Journal of Clinical Nutrition con 31 referencias (8,0%; IC95%: 5,3-10,7), Journal of Animal Science con 20 referencias (5,2%; IC95%: 3,0-7,4), British Journal of Nutrition con 16 referencias (4,2%; IC95%: 2,2-6,1) y European Journal of Clinical Nutrition con 15 referencias (3,9%; IC95%: 2,0-5,8). Conclusiones: Este estudio indica que la fibra dietética es una temática altamente investigada, donde el inglés sigue siendo el idioma mayoritario. Los descriptores se encuentran en línea con la temática a estudio.

O objetivo do estudo foi avaliar a composição centesimal da farinha obtida da casca do maracujá e sua atividade antioxidantein vitro, buscando viabilizar suas potencialidades para incorporação em produtos alimentares. Os frutos foram higienizados, as cascas foram separadas da polpa, secas em estufa com circulação de ar e moídas para obtenção de uma farinha. Foi determinada a composição centesimal e os polifenóis presentes na casca foram extraídos por três metodologias, tendo sido quantificados o teor de fenóis totais e a atividade antioxidante por três métodos distintos (sequestro do radical 2,2-difenil-1-picrilhidrazil - DPPH, capacidade antioxidante de redução do ferro - FRAP e capacidade de absorção do radical oxigênio - ORAC). Os resultados mostram que a farinha apresenta elevado teor de fibras (65,22±0,27%), das quais 74% são fibras insolúveis. Embora os resultados do teor de polifenóis indiquem que possivelmente há um predomínio de compostos com características hidrofílicas na casca, visto que a água foi o solvente que apresentou maior rendimento na extração dos fenóis totais, a avaliação da atividade antioxidante dos extratos mostra que o poder antioxidante dos compostos lipofílicos presentes no extrato metanólico/acetona foram superiores ao dos compostos presentes no extrato aquoso e etanólico. Os resultados obtidos no presente estudo demonstram que a casca do maracujá poderia ser utilizada como fonte de fibras e antioxidantes. No entanto, sua incorporação em formulações alimentares deve atentar as suas características físicas, químicas e sensoriais, para garantir seu melhor aproveitamento e aceitação entre os consumidores.

Introducción: La inclusión de la fibra dietética (FD), tiene múltiples beneficios sobre la salud del ser humano; sin embargo, en pediatría, existen grandes brechas concernientes a la relación de fibra y estreñimiento. Objetivo: Describir el hábito intestinal en lactantes . Se tuvo en cuenta la alimentación con leche materna, el tiempo de inicio de alimentación complementaria y el antecedente de madre o cuidador con EF. Los resultados son expresados como X±DS. El análisis estadístico incluyó X2 y prueba de Spearman o Fischer. Resultados: Se estudiaron 125 lactantes de 13±7 meses, 86 masculinos. No hubo diferencias significativas en edad, sexo, consumo de gramos de fibra/d, ni con la alimentación con leche materna, el tiempo de inicio de la alimentación complementaria y el antecedente de madre o cuidador con EF. Conclusión: No encontramos ninguna asociación entre hábito intestinal y gramos de fibra consumidos, ni alimentación con leche materna, inicio de la alimentación complementaria precoz y antecedente de EF en la madre o cuidador.