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The avionic environment requires a high speed data connecting medium due to continuous advances in computer processor and peripheral performance. The mode of communication should be able to send accurate information over a long distance. The interconnecting technology must be serial and asynchronous in order to satisfy all of these requirements. High-speed and low-latency communication between the end systems is made possible via fibre channels. FC protocol is proposed in this study to speed up data communication compared to existing protocols significantly. Because of its tiny size, high integration, rapid speed, parallel processing, and programmable capabilities, FPGA is widely employed in a variety of sectors. Therefore, the FPGA-based FC with enhanced data compression methods is proposed and implemented in this research. The FC module is embraced with three major modules, namely serial to parallel (S/P) conversion module (S/P CM), link initialization module (LIM), and frame process module (FPM). The transformation of the optical signal to a digital signal, serial to parallel or parallel to serial, is employed in the first module. Also, this study investigates the Gigabit transceiver (GTH) with its functional modules. With a maximum data rate of 13.1 Gbps, the GTH is more potent than the Gigabit Transceiver with Low Power (GTP). The GTH module uses less power and includes configurable user-defined features and parameters. In addition, in the first module, the enhanced data compression technique is proposed for an efficient data transfer and is termed a time series delta difference neighbourhood indexing sequence (TSD2NIS) model. The LIM module includes the receiver, transmitter, and port state machine. The initialization of each fibre channel port's link is controlled by a port state machine, which may also guarantee the recovery of link errors and regular transmission of data. The FPM module seeks to deal with frame protocols. The experimental results show the proposed architecture has flexible scalability and strong performance in high-speed data transmission using the FC protocols. The proposed work is simulated using Xilinx ISE tools, and the Virtex 7 FPGA family and comparative study were conducted. It attains a compression ratio of 40%, delay of 0.33 ns and frequency of 321.425 MHZ, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Existing space application networks in space stations are mainly fiber-optic cable-based networks due to their low size, weight, and power (SWaP) values. While fiber networks in space stations offer data transmission at high speeds with minimal signal loss, their major disadvantage is the lack of flexibility and mobility when new and unplanned space scientific equipment is added to the network. To enhance the flexibility of space networks while increasing their throughput, this paper introduces the hybrid space network (HSN), a new space network architecture that incorporates an optical wireless link, to meet the ever-increasing demands for larger bandwidth and higher mobile access capabilities in space scientific experiments. To best utilize the HSN's system performance, we propose a multi-priority-based network scheduling scheme, which can dynamically adapt to the requirements of mass tasks and select the best transmission procedure. Through simulations, we find that by adding optical wireless communication (OWC) links to the state-of-the-art deterministic FC-AE-1553 space network, the HSN's bandwidth can be increased by 20 times with an average latency reduction of 87.3%. We believe that the proposed HSN's architecture may ultimately shape the future of space stations' wireless connectivity, and in the meantime, innovate many advanced space applications with larger data rates and mobility requirements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Existing space application networks in space stations are mainly fiber-optic cable-based networks due to their low size, weight, and power (SWaP) values. While fiber networks in space stations offer data transmission at high speeds with minimal signal loss, their major disadvantage is the lack of flexibility and mobility when new and unplanned space scientific equipment is added to the network. To enhance the flexibility of space networks while increasing their throughput, this paper introduces the hybrid space network (HSN), a new space network architecture that incorporates an optical wireless link, to meet the ever-increasing demands for larger bandwidth and higher mobile access capabilities in space scientific experiments. To best utilize the HSN’s system performance, we propose a multi-priority-based network scheduling scheme, which can dynamically adapt to the requirements of mass tasks and select the best transmission procedure. Through simulations, we find that by adding optical wireless communication (OWC) links to the state-of-the-art deterministic FC-AE-1553 space network, the HSN’s bandwidth can be increased by 20 times with an average latency reduction of 87.3%. We believe that the proposed HSN’s architecture may ultimately shape the future of space stations’ wireless connectivity, and in the meantime, innovate many advanced space applications with larger data rates and mobility requirements.

In order to fulfill the requirement of high-performance computing system for software definition interconnected communication,a kind of multi-protocol controller architecture was designed.The architecture supported a variety of protocol specifications and software-defining heterogeneous architecture.The interconnections of Fiber Channel,Ethernet and SRIO were realized by embedding programmable hardware circuits.The work mode of multi-protocol controllers was managed by software definition,which meet the heterogeneous requirements of system applications.The multi-protocol controller of the thesis has been realized in the 40 nm process,that the measurements show that the performance and function satisfy the standard of the three protocols.

In order to fulfill the requirement of high-performance computing system for software definition interconnected communication, a kind of multi-protocol controller architecture was designed. The architecture supported a variety of protocol specifications and software-defining heterogeneous architecture. The interconnections of Fiber Channel, Ethernet and SRIO were realized by embedding programmable hardware circuits. The work mode of multi-protocol controllers was managed by software definition, which meet the heterogeneous requirements of system applications. The multi-protocol controller of the thesis has been realized in the 40 nm process, that the measurements show that the performance and function satisfy the standard of the three protocols.

Measurement-device-independent quantum key distribution (MDIQKD) protocol has been proven to be unaffected by all hacking attacks and ensures the security of information theory even when the performance of single-photon detectors is not ideal. Single-mode fiber and free space are the two main channel choices in MDIQKD experiments. In this paper, we present a voltage pulse generator (VPG) for the MDIQKD, focusing on the realization of pulse control using a wideband amplifier that offers a high dynamic range, on the prevention of waveform distortion and insufficient drive capacity. In order to implement MDIQKD experiments, either fiber channel or free-space channel, a pulse modulation module is needed to modulate the wide pulse chopping, decoy state, normalization, phase encoding, and time encoding. The test results of the joint test with fiber channel MDIQKD show that the quantum bit error ratio (QBER) in the time state is around 0.034%, and the QBER in the phase state is around 28%. The VPG has fulfilled the requirements of system indicator and has been put into use in actual single-mode fiber channel MDIQKD experiments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Featured Application: In order to construct a useful quantum internet network in continuous variable region, the long distance transferring of nonclassical state of light is essential. Fiber is the best media for the transmission of light, but the guided acoustic wave Brillouin scattering (GAWBS) effect in the fiber would inevitably destroy the nonclassical characteristics of squeezed state or entangled state. Here, we propose and realize a suitable time multiplexing method for the transferring and measurement of nonclassical states. The influence of GAWBS can be greatly reduced and the quantum characteristics can be retained as much as possible. Transferring of a real quantum state in a long-distance channel is an important task in the development of quantum information networks. For greatly suppressing the relative phase fluctuations between the signal beam and the corresponding local oscillator beam, the usual method is to transfer them with time-division and polarization-division multiplexing through the same fiber. But the nonclassical states of light are very sensitive to the channel loss and extra noise, this multiplexing method must bring the extra loss to the quantum state, which may result in the vanishing of its quantum property. Here, we propose and realize a suitable time multiplexing method for the transferring and measurement of nonclassical states. Only the local oscillator beam is chopped into a sequence of light pulses and transmitted through fiber with continuous orthogonal-polarized signal beam. Finally, when the local oscillator pulses are properly time delayed compared to the signal beam, the quantum state can be measured in the time sequences without the influence of extra noise in the fiber. Our work provides a feasible scheme to transfer a quantum state in relative long distance and construct a practical quantum information network in metropolitan region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The error state ratio is introduced by calculating the ratio of the error qubits and total amount of qubits which have been received.The reason of the error state yielded was analyzed to establish a quantum signaling transmission damage model in fiber channel.A quantum state equilibrium strategy was presented by using the quantum repeater technology and all-fiber polarization control scheme.After analyzing the effect of this strategy on damage model,the loss and dispersion of the quantum state during the fiber transmission will be compensated.The simulation results showed that this equilibrium strategy is able to reduce the error state ratio,and increase the quantum signaling effective transmission distance with the error state ratio below the 3% threshold.

Transferring of a real quantum state in a long-distance channel is an important task in the development of quantum information networks. For greatly suppressing the relative phase fluctuations between the signal beam and the corresponding local oscillator beam, the usual method is to transfer them with time-division and polarization-division multiplexing through the same fiber. But the nonclassical states of light are very sensitive to the channel loss and extra noise, this multiplexing method must bring the extra loss to the quantum state, which may result in the vanishing of its quantum property. Here, we propose and realize a suitable time multiplexing method for the transferring and measurement of nonclassical states. Only the local oscillator beam is chopped into a sequence of light pulses and transmitted through fiber with continuous orthogonal-polarized signal beam. Finally, when the local oscillator pulses are properly time delayed compared to the signal beam, the quantum state can be measured in the time sequences without the influence of extra noise in the fiber. Our work provides a feasible scheme to transfer a quantum state in relative long distance and construct a practical quantum information network in metropolitan region.

In order to satisfy the requests of the high frame rate and high resolution of fast moving scene in national defense, research and industry, a camera with high-speed and high resolution was de veloped. The functions and characteristics of CMOS image sensor AM41V4 which can cover the requests were introduced, a camera system based on the image sensor was designed. The FPGA was used as the core to control the system timing and DDR solid storage was embedded as the imaging memory in the camera system. Consequently, a flexible working pattern according to specific requirements of the test shoot occasions was realized. The frame rate of the system is 1 000 frames per second, when the resolution of the image is 1 920 pixel x 1 080 pixel. Besides, the camera system reaches a real-time monitoring function. The system has the advantages of high shooting speed, clear image, high performance and flexibility. It has great value for fast capture and shooting record of high-speed moving targets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aiming at reducing the complexity of the soft demapper for fiber channels dominated by nonlinear phase noise, we introduce the mismatched metrics q^wg and find optimal nonlinear correction factors for q^wg . The proposed mismatched metrics use simple arithmetic functions to replace the special functions and Fourier summations in the soft demapper. The numerical results show that the general mutual information (GMI) of q^wg can achieve the capacity of bit-interleaved coded modulation by using the good approximations to the probability density function of nonlinear fiber channels. Finally, we present a corrected metric q^cr to further improve the performance of q^wg in the middle nonlinear region. The numerical results show that the performance of q^cr outperforms q^wg and Gaussian channel metrics q^gau with pre- and post-nonlinear compensation. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

A new transistor outline-Can (TO-Can) header for a low-cost coaxial laser module for 25-Gbit/s transmission is proposed and demonstrated using a 3-D full-wave electromagnetic simulation. The simulation result is compared with the measured results of a conventional TO-56 header to verify its applicability. A two-section feedthrough hole is employed, and a wire-over-ground feed lead is introduced to overcome the impedance matching problems. The simulation results show that the proposed TO-Can header provides a transmission bandwidth in excess of 40 GHz and reflection loss less than -10∼dB below 26 GHz, with an ideal 50-\Omega terminal. Taking the bonding wires into account, the transmission bandwidth still reaches 28 GHz. The electrical characteristics of this TO-Can package were extracted and combined with a small-signal equivalent circuit model of a 24.5-GHz laser diode to simulate the electrical characteristics of a full coaxial laser module. The 3-dB bandwidth is 20.5 GHz, which allows the laser module to operate at 25 Gbit/s. This superior TO-Can header provides a low-cost coaxial laser package solution and can be applied in the emerging 21-Gbit/s fiber channel (20 GFC) and 100-gigabit (4\,\times\,25 Gbit/s) Ethernet (100 GbE) networks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Virtual concatenation (VCAT) is a Synchronous Digital Hierarchy (SDH)/Synchronous Optical Network (SONET) network functionality recently standardized by the International Telecommunication Union Telecommunication Standardization Sector (ITU-T). VCAT provides the flexibility required to efficiently allocate network resources to Ethernet, Fiber Channel (FC), Enterprise System Connection (ESCON), and other important data traffic signals. In this article, we assess the resources' gain provided by VCAT with respect to contiguous concatenation (CCAT) in SDH/SONET mesh transport networks bearing protected scheduled connection demands (SCDs). As explained later, an SCD is a connection demand for which the set-up and tear-down dates are known in advance. We define mathematical models to quantify the add/drop and transmission resources required to instantiate a set of protected SCDs in VCAT- and CCAT-capable networks. Quantification of transmission resources requires a routing and slot assignment (RSA) problem to be solved. We formulate the RSA problem in VCAT- and CCAT-capable networks as two different combinatorial optimization problems: RSA in VCAT-capable networks (RSAv) and RSA in CCAT-capable networks (RSAc), respectively. Protection of the SCDs is considered in the formulations using a shared backup path protection (SBPP) technique. We propose a simulated annealing (SA)-based meta-heuristic algorithm to compute approximate solutions to these problems (i.e., solutions whose cost approximates the cost of the optimal ones). The gain in transmission resources and the cost structure of add/drop resources making VCAT-capable networks more economical are analyzed for different traffic scenarios. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

This article details the evolution of Ethernet into Gigabit Ethernet and how this LAN-based technology has undergone major transformations over time. From its data rates and distances to supported media and functionality, Ethernet has greatly improved, enabling it to surmount many of its former limitations and in so doing to expand beyond the LAN into the MAN and now even the WAN. In this article, Pioneer Consulting explores the evolution further by focusing on some of the major technological directions in the Ethernet equipment industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we develop a systematic method that employs transfer function considering encoder, fiber channel, and decoder to analyze the frequency-hopping (FH) optical code-division multiple-access (OCDMA) system. We analyze the FH-OCDMA system when both single-mode fiber and dispersion-shifted fiber are employed as the transmission medium. The difference of group velocities affects system performance more seriously than dispersion effect does. The results show that single-mode fiber is not proper for a FH-OCDMA system, even if the transmission length is no more than 1 km. The dispersion-shifted fiber is suitable for a FH-OCDMA system, especially in an access network. We also propose an optical device to compensate the group velocities [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Proteomics methods, especially high-throughput mass spectrometry analysis have been continually developed and improved over the years. The analysis of complex biological samples produces large volumes of raw data. Data storage and recovery management pose substantial challenges to biomedical or proteomic facilities regarding backup and archiving concepts as well as hardware requirements. In this article we describe differences between the terms backup and archive with regard to manual and automatic approaches. We also introduce different storage concepts and technologies from transportable media to professional solutions such as redundant array of independent disks (RAID) systems, network attached storages (NAS) and storage area network (SAN). Moreover, we present a software solution, which we developed for the purpose of long-term preservation of large mass spectrometry raw data files on an object storage device (OSD) archiving system. Finally, advantages, disadvantages, and experiences from routine operations of the presented concepts and technologies are evaluated and discussed. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Computational Proteomics in the Post-Identification Era. Guest Editors: Martin Eisenacher and Christian Stephan., (Copyright © 2013. Published by Elsevier B.V.)