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Fundamento: los estudios ecográficos se utilizan en el diagnóstico fetal precoz. Mediante marcadores ultrasonográficos se puede determinar un número importante de defectos congénitos.Objetivo: describir la utilidad de los marcadores ultrasonográficos en el período fetal precoz, como signos predictivos de cromosomopatías.Métodos: se realizó un estudio descriptivo transversal en gestantes de la provincia de Camagüey, durante los años 2012 a 2014. La población de estudio quedó constituida por las 117 gestantes que se les realizó estudio citogenético por ser el feto portador de algún marcador ultrasonográfico. Los datos fueron obtenidos en el laboratorio de citogenética del Centro Provincial de Genética Médica de Camagüey y de las historias clínicas de riesgo genético.Resultados: la translucencia nucal y los quistes del plexo coroideo se encontraron en el 60 % de los marcadores ultrasonográficos del período fetal precoz de la gestación. Se encontró relación de la translucencia nucal y la ausencia del hueso nasal con los resultados del estudio citogenético. La cromosomopatía más frecuente fue la trisomía 21, representando un 7,7 % de la muestra. El resto representa individualmente el 0,85 % de los desórdenes cromosómicos diagnosticados.Conclusiones: se encontró relación entre los marcadores ultrasonográficos del período fetal precoz de gestación y el diagnóstico prenatal citogenético. La translucencia nucal y los quistes del plexo coroideo se determinaron como los signos sonográficos de mayor frecuencia de presentación.

Almost one in every 20 pregnant women self-reports marijuana use during pregnancy. During the COVID-19 pandemic, this number has risen to 1 in 6 pregnant women. Some of the main factors associated with cannabis use during pregnancy and lactation are management of chronic conditions, sensation-seeking, dealing with stress, and other conditions related to pregnancy. The action of cannabis on endocannabinoid receptors might cause poor blastocyst implantation, inhibition of decidualization, compromised placentation, miscarriage and poor embryo development.The children born to mothers who used cannabis during pregnancy manifested higher aggression, anxiety, hyperactivity, and higher levels of the hormone cortisol, compared to children of non-cannabis users. In this review we summarize the effects of cannabis use on fetal development during the COVID-19 pandemic based on the existing published peer-reviewed scientific literature. The COVID-19 pandemic has served as an additional stimulus that has increased cannabis use among pregnant women. Prenatal cannabis use is associated with health risks for the mother and child. Cannabis use in pregnant mothers is associated with low infant birth weight and potential negative neurodevelopmental effects in the offspring. It remains unclear how long these changes will persist in the affected children. It is essential that clinicians educate pregnant women about the harm of prenatal cannabis use, improve strategies to support women at risk, and create new intervention strategies to help them stop using cannabis., Competing Interests: Conflict of interests: The authors declare no conflicts of interest., (Copyright © 2022, Agolli A et al., Applied Systems and Discoveries Journals.)

Ultrasound is a routine procedure performed during pregnancy to monitor the status of the human fetus, including the development of the digestive tract. The aim of this publication was to determine the shape of the fetal sigmoid colon mesentery during the first and second trimester of pregnancy by means of ultrasound. The study was performed in 45 pregnant women (age: 36.4 years on average, range 25–45) during a routine ultrasound examination. The fetuses were between 12 and 22 weeks of pregnancy. The shape of the fetal sigmoid colon mesentery was analyzed. We visualized the triangular shape of the mesentery in all 45 cases. A prevalence of scalene or isosceles acute triangles was found in both trimesters. At the 12−13 weeks we observed 5 different forms of mesenteric triangles – the scalene or isosceles acute triangles appeared at 33.3% and 28.6%, respectively. The obtuse scalene was present in 23.8 %. In the 2nd trimester (20−22 weeks) 4 types were found, among them 37.5 % acute scalene and 33.3 % acute isosceles. The fetal sigmoid colon mesentery can be visualized from the 12th week of pregnancy. The triangular shape of the sigmoid colon mesentery is easy to follow during routine ultrasound examinations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]