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A espécie vegetal Vasconcellea quercifolia A. St.-Hil. é nativa do Brasil, promissora para a agricultura, com grande importância ecológica e grande consumo em algumas regiões. Neste estudo, objetivou-se analisar a fenologia reprodutiva e a fenologia vegetativa em uma população natural da espécie. Foram realizados levantamentos durante 25 meses, observando-se, aleatoriamente, 12 indivíduos da espécie, na Fazenda Lageado da Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas, na cidade de Botucatu, estado de São Paulo, Brasil. Os métodos de observação foram: índice de atividade fenológica (sincronia) e índice de Fournier (presença da fenofase). Os resultados foram submetidos à correlação de Spearman. Os eventos fenológicos da espécie apresentaram alta sincronia. Frutificação e temperatura média apresentaram forte correlação positiva; repouso vegetativo e temperatura apresentaram forte correlação negativa. Quanto às fenofases, a brotação começou em agosto e terminou em novembro. A queda de folhas iniciou em dezembro – a planta vai gradativamente perdendo as folhas até estar 100% desfolhada no mês de junho. Os meses de novembro e dezembro apresentaram as maiores taxas de floração. Os primeiros frutos apareceram em outubro e os últimos frutos maduros foram vistos em maio; o pico da frutificação ocorreu em janeiro e fevereiro. Essa é uma espécie sincrônica que precisa do frio do inverno para quebrar a dormência das gemas para que a brotação ocorra. Estudos agronômicos, ecológicos, químicos e nutricionais são necessários para fortalecer o uso de espécies nativas com potencial econômico, os quais também podem contribuir para a preservação de seus hábitats.

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Copyright of Brazilian Journal of Biology is the property of Instituto Internacional de Ecologia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Ciência Florestal (01039954) is the property of Ciencia Florestal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Diversas especies de mariposas han demostrado sensibilidad a transformaciones de ecosistemas debido a sus asociaciones de alimentación con plantas, razón que ha permitido proponerlas como bioindicadores del estado del hábitat. El objetivo del presente estudio fue evaluar las relaciones entre la fenología reproductiva del bosque seco tropical y la estructura de mariposas diurnas en cinco sitios del departamento del Atlántico-Colombia. En cada sitio las mariposas fueron capturadas con redes entomológicas y con trampas Van Someren-Rydon cebadas con una mezcla de frutas en descomposición. Simultáneamente, se estimó la fructificación y la floración aplicando el método de cuantificación de la cobertura que ocupó cada fenofase. Se registraron 261 mariposas, distribuidas en 28 especies, siendo la más abundante Hamadryas amphichloe con 89 individuos aportando con más del 30 % de la abundancia total. La fenología en 89 individuos de 19 especies de plantas estuvo caracterizada por cuatro fenofases: brotes de frutos, frutos verdes, frutos maduros y flores abiertas. Se observó que la riqueza de mariposas abundantes y dominantes se correlacionaron positivamente con brotes de frutos (p < 0,05). Adicionalmente, con el Análisis de Correspondencia Canónica se determinó que las mayores abundancias de mariposas como Hermeuptychia hermes, Callicore pitheas, Hamadryas feronia y H. amphichloe se relacionaron principalmente con altas proporciones de las fenofases frutos maduros y flor; mientras que Historis acheronta, Hypna clytemnestra y Myscelia leucocyana, mostraron una relación negativa con las dos fenofases mencionadas. Para las mariposas no frugívoras como Agraulis vanillae, Junonia evarete e Isapis agyrtus, se relacionaron principalmente con las mayores proporciones de la fenofase flores abiertas. Los resultados evidencian la posibilidad de una respuesta sincrónica (por ejemplo, coincidencia de eclosiones de mariposas con eventos de floración), por parte de ciertas mariposas a la disponibilidad de algunos recursos, como los frutos en los hábitats estudiados.

An understanding of phenology and reproductive ability of a weed species can provide valuable information to manage it incisively. Field studies were conducted in North of Iran, in 2020 and 2021 to evaluate the influence of weather variability on phenological response patterns and production ability of black bindweed. In six sowing dates from October to March, the required thermal time, development rate and seed production ability for each phenophases across different sowing date (SD) were recorded. Among the six sowing dates, the late-autumn SD had the highest emergence and development rate. Sowing dates had significant (p < 0.005) effect on the timing of key phenophases, and more importantly on the period each phenological growth stage spent. The estimated seed production of this weed upon to SD varied from 1,200 to 15,000 seeds per plant. Based on the result black bindweed can be a prevalent weed in a wide range of growing season. Also, late winter and early spring can be mentioned as a vital time to manage and deplete seed bank. The results of current study could help construct a basic framework for a variety of weed-management tactics for conserving the ecosystems and biodiversity on which we depend. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to describe the phenophases of moringa cultivation in the nursery, a trial was installed in the cultivation house. Two phenological stages were observed: germination and leaf development. Six phenophases were identified in germination: 1-Phase 00: Dry seed; 2 and 3- Phases 05 and 06: Emission of radicle and formation of root hairs; 4- Phase 07: Formation of the hypocotyl; 5 and 6- Phases 08 and 09: Growth, emergence of the hypocotyl; occurred the first six days after sowing (das). The leaf development stage in moringa seedlings involved eight phenophases: 1- Phase 10: Initial and total opening of cotyledon leaves; and 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 and 8- Phases 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16 and 17: corresponding to the development from the first to the seventh pair of true leaves, at 10, 13, 18, 23, 31, 35 and 39 days, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Boletín Latinoamericano y del Caribe de Plantas Medicinales y Aromáticas is the property of Universidad de Santiago de Chile and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Los pastos arbolados y arbustivos son vitales para la producción ganadera extensiva y sostenible, la conservación de la biodiversidad y la provisión de servicios ecosistémicos y se localizan en áreas que serán previsiblemente más afectadas por el cambio climático. Sin embargo, las características estructurales, fenológicas, y las propiedades ópticas de la vegetación en estos ecosistemas mixtos, como los ecosistemas adehesados en la Península Ibérica que combinan un estrato herbáceo y/o arbustivo con un dosel arbóreo disperso, constituyen un serio desafío para su estudio mediante teledetección. Este trabajo combina métodos físicos y empíricos para la estimación de variables de la vegetación esenciales para la modelización de su funcionamiento: índice de área foliar (LAI, m2 /m2 ), contenido en clorofila a nivel de hoja (Cab,leaf, μg/cm2 ) y dosel (Cab,canopy, g/m2 ) y contenido en materia seca a nivel de hoja (Cm,leaf, g/cm2 ) y dosel (Cm,canopy, g/m2), en un ecosistema de dehesa. Para este propósito se construyó una base de datos espectral simulada considerando las cuatro principales etapas fenológicas del estrato herbáceo, el más dinámico del ecosistema, (rebrote otoñal, máximo verdor, inicio de la senescencia y senescencia estival) mediante la combinación de los modelos de transferencia radiativa PROSAIL y FLIGHT. Esta base de datos se empleó para ajustar diferentes modelos predictivos basados en índices de vegetación (IV) propuestos en la literatura y en Partial Least Squares Regression (PLSR). PLSR permitió obtener los modelos con mayor poder de predicción (R2 ≥ 0,93, RRMSE ≤ 10,77 %), tanto para las variables a nivel de hoja como a nivel de dosel. Los resultados sugieren que los efectos direccionales y geométricos controlan las relaciones entre los factores de reflectividad (R) simulados y los parámetros foliares. Se observa una alta variabilidad estacional en la relación entre variables biofísicas e IVs, especialmente para LAI y Cab que se confirma en el análisis PLSR. Los modelos desarrollados deben ser aún validados con datos espectrales medidos con sensores próximos o remotos.

Copyright of Nativa is the property of Revista Nativa and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

O objetivo deste estudo foi realizar o monitoramento fenológico de G. palustris ao longo dos meses de julho/2019 a junho/2020, e correlacionar com as variáveis meteorológicas na Serra Catarinense. Foram avaliadas a intensidade e sincronia das fenofases vegetativas e reprodutivas de 24 indivíduos em três áreas, localizadas em dois municípios de Santa Catarina, Brasil. Em G. palustris foi identificada a brotação contínua. Foi observada a presença de folhas maduras durante todo período e a senescência foliar apresentou intensidades variadas. A floração iniciou em dezembro estendendo até abril. As maiores porcentagens de botões florais presentes nas plantas ocorreram de janeiro a março/20 e a antese ocorreu de janeiro a maio, com maiores porcentagens em janeiro e março. Quanto à frutificação, foi observado o início com a presença de frutos imaturos em janeiro se estendendo até junho, mas o período de janeiro a março foi identificado com as maiores porcentagens de frutos imaturos nas plantas. A ocorrência de frutos maduros foi verificada nos meses de fevereiro a junho, sendo em fevereiro e março registradas as maiores porcentagens. Foi identificada a ausência de frutos senescentes somente nos meses de dezembro/2019 e janeiro/2020, e as maiores porcentagens ocorreram nos períodos de outono e inverno, coincidindo com a presença de folhas senescentes. Houve correlação entre temperatura e fotoperíodo para folhas maduras, desfolhamento e botões florais. A sincronia dos eventos fenológicos foi alta para aspectos vegetativos e baixa ou assíncrona para aspectos reprodutivos. Os padrões fenológicos da fenofase reprodutiva foram sazonais, ocorrendo no verão e outono (novembro a junho). Já a fenofase vegetativa ocorreu o ano todo, sendo que os maiores índices de brotação antecederam o período reprodutivo. Os resultados obtidos forneceram informações importantes acerca da fenologia desta espécie nesta região de ocorrência.

Copyright of Revista de Ciencias Agroveterinarias is the property of Revista de Ciencias Agroveterinarias and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Ciência Florestal (01039954) is the property of Ciencia Florestal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Facultad de Ciencias Basicas is the property of Revista Facultad de Ciencias Basicas and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objetivo: Evaluar el comportamiento fenológico de accesiones no tóxicas de Jatropha curcas L., propagadas de forma sexual y asexual en la región centro del Estado de Veracruz, México. Materiales y Métodos: Se trabajó con seis accesiones propagadas tanto por semillas como por estacas con tres repeticiones de una plantación con ocho años de edad. El período de observación se realizó de julio a diciembre del 2019, con evaluaciones semanales. Se registró la presencia de las siguientes fenofases: emisión de inflorescencias, flores, antesis floral, frutos verdes y maduros, caída y emisión de las hojas. Se trabajó con el método semicuantitativo de medición, propuesto por Fournier, y el índice de actividad de Bencke y Morellato. Resultados: La mayor floración se presentó de octubre a noviembre tanto para las plantas propagadas por semillas como por estacas. Las accesiones de J. curcas mostraron caída de las hojas, en el período julio-agosto (60 %) y en octubre (98 %). Las hojas fueron emitidas en todos los meses evaluados, excepto en el período julio-agosto y finales de noviembre-diciembre. El mayor número de individuos en esta fase fue en los meses de septiembre y octubre, con el 100 % de los individuos con emisión de hojas. Conclusiones :Se observó variación en el comportamiento fenológico de las accesiones, especialmente en cuanto a la caída de las hojas. Las accesiones estudiadas mostraron patrones fenológicos desiguales, ya que la mayoría de ellas florecieron y fructificaron en diferentes momentos.

Maytenus boaria Molina (Celastraceae) es un árbol nativo siempreverde de amplia distribución en Chile, con alto potencial económico por los diversos usos tradicionales descritos. A pesar de esto, existe escasa y confusa información biológica de la especie. El objetivo de este estudio fue ampliar el conocimiento sobre aspectos reproductivos y el sistema sexual de M. boaria, además de la arquitectura de la copa y su fenomorfología. El estudio se realizó entre agosto y diciembre de 2016, con individuos adultos (n=17) seleccionados en sectores urbanos de la Región Metropolitana. Se realizó un ensayo de polinización y se identificó el sexo de las flores de cada árbol seleccionado. Además, se realizó un diagrama fenomorfológico de la especie a través de la interpretación modular de la arquitectura y la identificación de sus fenofases. Los resultados indican que M. boaria es dioica y andromonoica; presenta una baja autogamia autónoma y es una especie no apomíctica que necesita de vectores de polinización para la producción de semillas. Posee cuatro módulos arquitectónicos en su copa -dolicoblasto de yema apical, dolicoblasto de yema axilar, inflorescencia y braquiblasto temporal reproductivo- dispuestos en dos unidades arquitecturales. Los aspectos reproductivos analizados y la fenomorfología de esta especie indican que estaría en un proceso evolutivo respecto a la funcionalidad de las flores hermafroditas, lo que ha sido planteado como un paso intermedio del hermafroditismo a la dioecia. Un mayor conocimiento de estas temáticas permitirá un mejor entendimiento de la autoecología de la especie, para un adecuado manejo productivo de esta.

The objective of this study is to describe the reproductive and vegetative phenological patterns of individuals of Copernicia alba, popularly known as "carandá", present in a flooded and non-flooded environment and to test the relations between vegetative and reproductive phenophasesand climatic seasonality. The phenological aspects of the carandá were obtained through a biweekly observation of 22 individuals from two areas of the Pantanal of Mato Grosso between August 2015 and August 2017. The carandá population presented a perennial behavior, flowering during the dry season and a greater leaf intensity in the transition period to the rainy season. Budding, although continuous, was intense in the rainy season, and the leaf deciduous pattern had a direct interference from the absence of rainfalls in the dry period. The incidence of floral buds occurred in the dry period, and the flowering occurred between the dry and rainy periods. The fruiting period occurred in the rainy season, indicating a high synchronism of phenophases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To evaluate the phenological performance of non-toxic Jatropha curcas L. accessions, sexually and asexually propagated in the central region of Veracruz State, Mexico. Materials and Methods: The work was conducted with six accessions propagated by seeds as well as by cuttings with three repetitions, from an eight-year old plantation. The observation period took place from July to December, 2019, with weekly evaluations. The presence of the following phenophases was recorded: emission of inflorescences, flowers, floral anthesis, green and mature fruits, falling and emission of leaves. The research was conducted with the semi-quantitative measurement method, proposed by Fournier, and the activity index suggested by Bencke and Morellato. Results: The highest flowering occurred from October to November for the plants propagated by seeds as well as by cuttings. The J. curcas accessions showed falling of leaves, in the period July-August (60 %) and in October (98 %). The leaves were emitted in all the evaluated months, except in the period July-August and at the end of November-December. The highest number of individuals in this phase was in the months of September and October, with 100 % of the individuals with leaf emission. Conclusions: Variation was observed in the phenological performance of the accessions, especially regarding the falling of leaves. The studied accessions showed unequal phenological patterns, because most of them flowered and fructified at different moments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Campomanesia adamantium is a fruit tree native to Cerrado and important for human consumption as food, herbal medicine and even in the beverage industry. The aim of this study was to evaluate the vegetative and reproductive phenology of C. adamantium plants in the region of Ipameri-GO, the synchronization of phenophases and the correlation with climatic data. Rainfall, relative humidity, average, maximum and minimum temperature, as well as sprouting, flowering and fruiting data of C. adamantium plants were collected between September and December of 2016 and 2017. Graphs were plotted for climatological data and phenological phases. Phenophase synchrony analysis and correlation of these phases with the climate of the region were performed. Sprouting and flowering began before the first rains of the rainy season and the peak of these phenophases occurred in October. Fruiting began in October and peak was observed in November. Sprouting is highly synchronous from the second ten days of October and flowering reveals high synchronicity between the second half of October and the first half of November. Fruiting is considered highly synchronous from the second half of November. Not all plants reach reproductive stages. Sprouting and fruiting are related to the occurrence of rainfall and increase of air RH. Flowering has no correlation with rainfall, air RH and temperature.

Phenological studies generate information that contributes knowledge on relationships of species and abiotic components of ecosystems, availability of food for animals and regeneration of forest cover. Crescentia alata is an abundant tree species in tropical dry forests; its ecological, cultural and economic importance has been widely recognized and for this reason there is an interest in reproducing this species, but previously it is necessary to understand its detailed phenological development. The aim of this work was to describe C. alata phenology in dry Costa Rican forests. Twenty reproductive trees were selected at the Santa Rosa National Park to observe phenophases (leaf flushing, flower production, and fructification) during 14 months from 2015 to 2016. Most foliage was observed in June, maximal floration in June and October, and the highest ripe-fruit number in January. Phenological patterns in C. alata were related to common climatic factors as rainfall, temperature, and relative humidity; other factors considered were wind speed, and sun radiation. The most significant phenological data registered for C. alata in this work may contribute to a better management and conservation of this species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cambuí is a Brazilian native fruit tree belonging to the Myrtaceae family with high economic potential that deserves studies of preservation and development of technologies that enable its commercial production. The characterization of Myrciaria floribunda O. Berg genotypes could assist in the process of domestication and allow to select plants with desirable agronomic characteristics. The objective of this work was to study the phenologic behaviour of 195 rumberry acesses, regarding the genetic variability of the population, that can be used in breeding programs of the species. The emission of new leaves was continuous throughout the period of evaluation, being more intense at the end of the rainy season and beginning of the dry season, with higher intensities in the months of July and October, always accompanied by the abscission of old leaves. On the other hand, fruiting occurred in the months of higher rainfall indexes, with the highest intensity in May with 87.69% of fruiting individuals. The plant population was highly synchronous in all studied phenophases, considering that the activity index was higher than 60%. Flowering followed climatic seasonality influenced by the increase in temperature and low rainfall. With regard to fruiting it is fast, however, occurs two to three times a year, during the period of greatest precipitation. The accesses presented considerable variability in relation to the botanical morphological characters, showing potential of the population for the selection of materials with desirable characteristics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

http://dx.doi.org/10.5007/2175-7925.2014v27n2p31 A fenologia observa o desenvolvimento vegetativo e reprodutivo das plantas e a interferência que fatores bióticos e abióticos realizam em cada evento fenológico. Entretanto, estudos fenológicos são ainda incipientes em florestas tropicais secas, especialmente no Semiárido brasileiro. Assim, objetivou-se estudar a fenologia de seis espécies lenhosas da caatinga (Dipteryx odorata, Cordia oncocalyx, Poincianella pyramidalis, Manihot pseudoglaziovii, Handroanthus heptaphyllus e Pseudobombax cf. marginatum), além da relação entre fenofases e variáveis ambientais. As fenofases foram observadas em viagens quinzenais à Floresta Nacional de Açu, Nordeste do Brasil. O brotamento foliar ocorreu no início da estação chuvosa e queda foliar no início da seca. Verificou-se que apenas Dipteryx odorata não floresceu. As outras espécies floresceram em meados da estação chuvosa ou no final desta. A frutificação ocorreu geralmente em meados do período chuvoso e no início do seco. A precipitação foi o fator que mais influenciou as fenofases. No entanto, outras variáveis também apresentaram uma correlação significativa principalmente com brotamento e queda foliar. Os dados fenológicos detectados para essas espécies foram similares aos observados em outras áreas de caatinga, sugerindo que as plantas lenhosas desse ecossistema possuem uma tendência de suas fenofases, com poucas modificações ao longo de um gradiente espacial e temporal.

Copyright of Ciência Florestal (01039954) is the property of Ciencia Florestal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Em geral, espécies arbóreas que ocorrem na vegetação de Caatinga, no semiárido do Nordeste brasileiro, têm suas fenofases (floração, frutificação e mudança foliar) condicionadas pela duração e intensidade da seca sazonal. Este estudo registrou a fenologia da queda foliar, incisão, floração e frutificação em 32 indivíduos de Dalbergia cearensis. Os indivíduos foram amostrados a cada 15 dias em 2009-10 e 2010-11, na Unidade de Conservação de Uso Sustentável "Fazenda Não me Deixes", situada em Quixadá, Ceará, Semiárido brasileiro. A frequência de ocorrência das fenofases foi relacionada com os elementos do clima (precipitação pluviométrica média mensal, temperatura média mensal, insolação média mensal e disponibilidade hídrica no solo). A fenologia vegetativa, queda e brotamento de novas folhas, acompanhou a sazonalidade da precipitação pluviométrica durante as estações seca e chuvosa. A floração e frutificação ocorreram no início das chuvas, e os diásporos de D. cearensis são dispersos o ano inteiro, após se desprenderem lentamente das panículas axilares compactas.

Este trabalho teve como objetivo descrever o comportamento fenológico de Lippia sidoides Cham., em área de Cerrado, no norte de Minas Gerais, buscando-se subsidiar o processo de domesticação da espécie, por meio do estudo da ocorrência e duração das fenofases vegetativas e reprodutivas da espécie, bem como avaliar a influência dos fatores climáticos da região em cada fenofase, e ainda verificar a sincronia dessas fenofases entre os indivíduos. Vinte indivíduos foram avaliados mensalmente no período de fevereiro de 2007 a fevereiro de 2009, quanto à intensidade e sincronia das fenofases de brotamento, folhas maduras, senescência foliar, floração, frutificação e queda foliar. Houve acentuada periodicidade na ocorrência dos eventos fenológicos foliares, sendo que essa periodicidade acompanhou a estacionalidade climática da região, evidenciando a forte influência dos fatores abióticos, principalmente da precipitação e umidade relativa do ar. O alecrim-pimenta apresentou comportamento caducifólio, com alta taxa de queda foliar durante grande parte do ano. A floração ocorreu no período de fevereiro a abril, enquanto a frutificação alcançou o pico de intensidade no mês de maio. Todas as fenofases apresentaram altos índices de sincronia, sendo esse um fator facilitador do manejo da espécie.The aim of this work was to describe the phenological behavior of Lippia sidoides Cham. in a Cerrado area in northern Minas Gerais State, Brazil, in order to contribute to the process of domestication of this species by studying the occurrence and duration of its vegetative and reproductive phenophases, evaluating the influence of local climatic factors on each phenophase and investigating the synchrony of these phenophases among individuals. Twenty specimens were monthly evaluated between February 2007 and February 2009 as to intensity and synchrony of the phenophases sprouting, mature leaves, leaf senescence, flowering, fruiting and leaf abscission. There was great periodicity in the occurrence of leaf phenological events according to the local climatic seasonality, highlighting the strong influence of abiotic factors, especially rainfall and relative air humidity. Pepper-rosmarin showed deciduous behavior, with high leaf abscission rate during a great part of the year. Flowering occurred from February to April, whereas fruiting peaked in May. All phenophases had high levels of synchrony, a facilitating factor for the management of this species.

The aim of this work was to study the phenology of ten species that occur in the “Campos” ecosystem in Paraná state. They are: Borreria suaveolens G. Mey. ; Hilariana Crotalaria Benth. ; Cuphea calophylla Cham. & Schltdl.; Desmodium adscendens (Sw) DC.; Desmodium incanum DC.; Hypericum connatum Lam. ; Peltodon rugosus Tolmachev; Salvia lachnostachys Benth. ; Been macrodon DC.; Tibouchina gracilis (Bonpl.) Cogn. The monitoring, by qualitative character, realized each fifteen days, had beginning in the month of January of 2007. It had been evaluated reproductive and vegetative characteristics. The meteorological variables that had been related with the phenology were: air temperature, relative humidity, precipitation and photoperiod. The results show that 80% of the species present ending of the period of budding between April and May. Cuphea calophylla was the only species that presented budding during all the observed time. The bighest dispersal of seeds occurred in May and June. Temperature, photoperiod and precipitation had been the variables that had shown better relationship with phenophases of the plants, especially the temperature. O presente estudo visou determinar a fenologia de 10 espécies oriundas do ecossistema de Campos no estado do Paraná. São elas: Borreria suaveolens G. Mey.; Crotalaria hilariana Benth.; Cuphea calophylla Cham. & Schltdl.; Desmodium adscendens (Sw) DC.; Desmodium incanum DC.; Hypericum connatum Lam.; Peltodon rugosus Tolmachev; Salvia lachnostachys Benth.; Sida macrodon DC.; Tibouchina gracilis (Bonpl.) Cogn.. O monitoramento de caráter qualitativo, realizado quinzenalmente, teve início no mês de janeiro de 2007. Foram avaliadas características reprodutivas e vegetativas. As variáveis meteorológicas relacionadas com a fenologia foram: temperatura do ar, umidade relativa, precipitação e fotoperíodo. Os resultados mostram que 80% das espécies apresentam término do período de floração entre os meses de abril e maio. Apenas Cuphea calophylla apresentou floração durante todo o tempo observado. Nos meses de maio e junho ocorreu a maior dispersão de sementes. As variáveis temperatura, fotoperíodo e precipitação apresentaram as melhores relações com as fenofases das plantas, com destaque para a temperatura.

La fenología de 341 árboles que corresponden a 75 especies fue estudiada en las montañas de Tenosique, Tabasco, entre agosto del 2003 hasta agosto del 2005. Para ello, se establecieron cinco transectos de 500 m de largo por cinco metros de ancho, los cuales se evaluaron mensualmente. Si alguno de los individuos de las especies tenía flores o frutos, la especie como un todo fue considerada en floración o fructificación en ese mes. Se aplicaron pruebas de homogeneidad de ji-cuadrada para evaluar la homogeneidad de la floración y fructificación a lo largo del año y por periodos bimensuales. La floración fue bimodal, con un pico de mayor floración de marzo a abril que corresponde a menor precipitación. En julio se presentó un segundo pico de floración con 21 especies, correspondiendo igualmente a un decremento de la precipitación. El mayor número de especies con fruto se presentó entre mayo y junio, el cual no fue significativo estadísticamente. También se analizan los patrones fenológicos de las familias con mayor número de especies, los cuales difirieron entre sí. No se encontró relación entre el número de especies floreciendo o fructificando y la precipitación promedio mensual. Se encontraron picos fenológicos poco marcados debido a que en la zona de estudio la estacionalidad es poco marcada. Los patrones fenológicos varían dentro de una especie, entre años y entre localidades. Los datos que se aportan en el presente trabajo son relevantes para definir los periodos apropiados de recolecta de semillas para la realización de prácticas de manejo y conservación.Reproductive phenology of tree species in the Tenosique tropical forest, Tabasco, Mexico. Between August 2003 and August 2005 we registered the flowering and fruiting of 75 tree species (341 individual trees) in a tropical rain forest at Tenosique, Tabasco, Mexico. Monthly we checked five transects (500 m long; 5 m wide). To test the homogeneity of flowering and fruiting during the year, and between adjacent months, we applied a X² test. The flowering was bimodal, with a highest peak in March and April, coinciding with the dry season, and a second lower peak in July when precipitation is relatively low. The highest number of fruiting tree species occur between May and July, with its peak in May. Each of the most common botanical families showed a particular phenological pattern. Monthly rainfall and the number of species flowering or fruiting were not significantly correlated. This means that trees are flowering and fruiting all year long, with seasonal increases of both phenological phenomena in the dryer periods. We conclude that phenological patterns vary between individuals and between years and are not seasonally correlated. The data we generated are relevant to program the best periods of seed collections according to individual or groups of species, as part of forest management and conservation practices. Rev. Biol. Trop. 56 (2): 657-673. Epub 2008 June 30.

O objetivo deste trabalho foi caracterizar a fenologia de uma população natural de Terminalia fagifolia Mart, localizada em ecótono entre os Biomas Cerrado e Caatinga, no município de Bom Jesus, sul do Estado do Piauí. Vinte indivíduos, com distância mínima de 20 metros entre si, foram marcados, utilizando GPS. Os dados fenológicos foram coletados durante um ano e as fenofases observadas foram brotação, desfolhamento, floração e frutificação. Para análise dos dados foram utilizados índices de atividade, intensidade e sincronia, além da correlação de Spearman que avaliou dados fenológicos em conjunto com variáveis ambientais. A análise fenológica indicou presença de todas as fenofases durante o período de estudos, sendo o desfolhamento observado continuamente, variando apenas em seu grau de intensidade. A população estudada apresentou sincronia perfeita entre os indivíduos nas fenofases desfolhamento e brotação. Quanto à correlação de Spearman, os resultados não indicaram correlações significativas entre fenofases e variáveis ambientais. Phenology of tree species in Caatinga / Cerrado boundary in southern Piaui Abstract: The aim this work was to characterize the phenology of Terminalia fagifolia Mart. in a Cerrado/Caatinga boundary , in Bom Jesus, Piauí, Brazil. Twenty individuals were marked using GPS. The phenological study was conducted for 1 year and were observed the phenophases sprouting, leaf loss, flowering and fruiting. For analysis of phenological data were used the index of activity, the synchronism index and correlation of Spearman. The phenological analysis indicated the presence of all phenophases during the study period, with defoliation observed continuously, varying only in their degree of intensity. The study population had a perfect synchrony between individuals to defoliation and sprouting. Regarding the Spearman correlation the results did not indicate significant correlations between phenophases and environmental variables.

Understanding the causes of biological invasions by exotic species is very important for biodiversity conservation, for which knowledge of their phenology is of paramount importance. The aim of this study was to characterize the phenology of Ligustrum lucidum W.T.Ait., its relations with the weather, and understand how its phenological behavior can facilitate its capacity of invasion in an urban Araucaria Rainforest fragment in Curitiba, Brazil. The evaluated phenophases were: young, mature and old leaves; flower buds and anthesis; unripe, mature and old fruits. The phenophases were correlated with climatic variables of maximum, medium and minimum temperature and precipitation using the Spearman correlation. The vegetative phenophases were observed throughout the whole study period, flowering predominated from October to January, and fructification from February to September. The only significant correlation between phenophases and climatic variables was represented by the relation between temperatures and fruiting, with negative correlations above 0.8 (P <0.01). We concluded that rainfall did not influence the phenological behavior, and the temperature only influenced the ripening of fruits. Including flowering and fruiting, the species remained within at least one reproductive phenophase throughout the year. The prolonged period of fruiting can be an important advantage that facilitates the invasion of L. lucidum in the Araucaria Rainforest. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

O presente estudo foi realizado em 40 parcelas de área fixa pertencentes a três estágios sucessionais, denominados: Capoeirão, Floresta Secundária e Floresta Madura, em uma Floresta Estacional Decidual no município de Santa Tereza, RS. Foram realizadas observações fenológicas quinzenais em 53 espécies arbóreas, numa média de 8,4 indivíduos por espécie, durante o período de 16 de novembro de 2001 a 10 de novembro de 2002. As fenofases observadas foram floração, frutificação e mudança foliar. Os resultados indicaram que a atividade reprodutiva manteve uma porcentagem relativamente baixa nos três estágios sucessionais durante o período observado, com tendências em ser menor durante a estação de inverno. A quantidade total de folhas na árvore, não se distinguindo estágio sucessional, diminuiu de aproximadamente 85% no período de maior atividade vegetativa para até 35% no inverno, período de repouso, sendo a Floresta Madura a subsere, que manteve os maiores porcentuais de folhas durante o período estudado.The present study was accomplished in forty permanent plots belonging to three forest successional stages, denominated: Brush Forest, Secondary Forest and Mature Forest, in a seasonal deciduous forest in the municipal district of Santa Tereza, RS, Brazil. Phenologic observations were accomplished fortnightly for 53 arboreal species, in an average of 8,4 individuals per species, during the period of November 2001 to November 2002. The stages observed were flowering, fruiting and foliage change. The results indicate that the reproductive activity remained relatively low for three successional stages during the observed period, with a tendency to be even lower during winter. The total amount of leaves on the trees, regardless of the successional stage, decreased from approximately 85%, in the period of higher vegetative activity, to 35% in the winter, resting season. The Mature Forest maintained the largest percentage of leaves during the studied period.

Caesalpinia pulcherrima (L.) phenology was studied between January 2006 and December 2007. This plant is a shrub or little tree much appreciated both ornamentally for the beauty of its flowers and medicinally for its healing properties. In this study it was determined that the three stages of bloom: "flower bud", "total bloom" and "wilted flower" showed an annual flowering pattern from February to July, followed by sporadic outbreaks of bloom from September to October. The "appearing fruit" and "green fruit" stages presented an annual pattern of fruiting between February and May for the first stage and between February and September for the second. The "ripe fruit" stage had a continuous fruiting pattern, with higher intensity between July and September. With regard to the vegetative phenophase: the"Over 50% of New Leaves" stage appeared almost the entire year, with higher intensity in the months of February and March, while the "More than 50% of Older Leaves" stage also appeared almost the whole year, without showing regular peaks in the two years. The "Few Leaves" stage only appeared in the last year between September and November. Multivariate canonical correspondence analysis showed that the average temperature had a positive influence on phenophase flowering and that the average relative humidity had influence on the occurrence of the following stages: "Ripe Fruit" and "More than 50% of Older Leaves". [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Ciência Florestal (01039954) is the property of Ciencia Florestal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

We evaluated vegetative and reproductive events of Ocotea pulchella (Nees) Mez (Lauraceae), Myrcia brasiliensis Kiaersk and Psidium cattleyanum Sabine (Myrtaceae) in a secondary semideciduous forest fragment for two years. We performed a circular data analysis and we correlated phenophases to temperature, daylenght and rainfall. Leaf fall and leaf appearance occurred continuously during the biennium featuring a low seasonality. The flowering, including the emergence of floral buds and anthesis, featured a seasonal pattern. Myrcia brasiliensis and Psidium cattleyanum showed great concentration of immature fruits around the average date (r), while fruit production of O. pulchella was almost constant (low r). The appearance of the fruits in P. cattleyanum and O. pulchella revealed a connection between daylenght and temperature in both years. All species had high concentration of individuals with mature fruits at some time of the year, allowing estimation of the average date of the reproductive event and indicating seasonality of maturation. The three species may potentially provide food resources for local animals, mainly birds, because mature fruits were available throughout the entire period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Four species of cacti found in the Cerro Umarcata, Chillon River Valley, Canta-Lima arid ecosystem were studied. Phenological patterns for flowering and fruiting were recorded for Espostoa melanostele, Haageocereus pseudomelanostele subsp. aureispinus, Melocactus peruvianus and Neoraimondia arequipensis subsp. roseiflora between October 2006 and September 2007. Eight phenological stages were identified. For flowering, "Wilted Flower" and "Aborted Flower Bud" were the most common phenological stages. For the fruiting phenophase "Mature Fruit" was observed at low frequency during the study. Temperature was positively correlated with the frequency of "Wilted Flower", "Developing Fruit", "Mature Fruit" and "Dehiscent Fruit". Relative Humidity was positively correlated with the "Flowering Bud", "Open Flower", "Developing Fruit" and "Immature Fruit". phenological stages [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]