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The main challenges in ruminant production are to reduce feeding costs and to improve product quality while minimising environmental impact. The use of unconventional feedstuffs may contribute to decrease feeding costs and environmental impact. A study was conducted to investigate the supplementation effect of Cajanus cajan leaves (CCL) on the growth performance and carcass characteristics of yearling rams and its association with methane (CH4) reduction in vitro. Thirty yearling rams with an initial body weight of 15.1±0.68 kg were randomly allocated to five treatment diets with six rams each. A basal diet was prepared to contain 300 g/head/d concentrate mix (CM) for the control group (T1) and treatment (T) diets were formulated by replacing the CM with CCL at 5% (T2), 10% (T3), 15% (T4) and 20% (T5). Data were collected on feed intake, body weight, carcass components, and CH4 production from 24h in vitro gas production (GP). The digestible organic matter (dOM) and metabolizable energy (ME) were estimated from 24h GP. The CCL content of ash was 126 g kg-1 DM of ether extract 43 g kg-1 DM, and crude protein 240 g kg-1 DM. The feed intake, body weight gain, feed efficiency and carcass components were not affected by treatment diets. The 24 h GP (ml g-1 DM) was significantly higher for T1 and T2 diets than that of T4 and T5. The lowest CH4 was obtained from T5 and differed significantly with that of T1 and T2. The ME and dOM values in T1 and T2 diets were higher than those of T4 and T5. The supplementation of CCL considerably reduced the CH4 production across treatment diets without affecting the voluntary feed intake, weight gain and carcass components suggesting its potential as alternative supplement to poor quality forages while keeping CH4 production at a minimum level.

Objective: This study aims to observe the effect of feeding corn silage combined with elephant grass and cheap concentrate feed on male Bali cattle performance, feed consumption, and beef quality. Methods: Animal feed testing was performed in male Bali cattle weighing 150-200 kg for 90 days, and the cattle were slaughtered in a slaughterhouse to observe the beef quality. This study employed a completely randomized design with 4 treatments and 3 replicates. Research treatment: The proportion of 30% corn silage + 60% elephant grass + 10% concentrate feed as A1; 50% corn silage + 40% elephant grass + 10% concentrate feed as A2; 70% corn silage + 20% elephant grass + 10% concentrate feed as A3; 100% corn silage as A4. The observed parameters in include average daily gain, dry matter consumption, organic matter consumption, crude protein consumption, total digestible nutrients, tenderness, beef color, water-holding capacity, cooking loss, and aroma. Results: The results showed that the treatments significantly affect the consumption of dry matter with the highest A4 is 2.44% of body weight, organic matter with the highest A3 is 8.43 kg/head/day, crude protein with the highest A3 is 0.82 kg/head/day, and total digestible nutrients with the highest A3 is 4.88 kg/head/day. There is a significant difference in daily average weight gain (ADG) from the three treatments (P<0.05). Conclusions: It can be concluded that A3 treatment, supplemented with 70% corn silage concentration, 20% elephant grass, and 10% concentrate feed is more effective in improving male Bali cattle performance, feed, consumption, and beef quality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The temperature and humidity index (THI) is one of the most critical environmental factors, because it affects the body's thermoregulation and the overall productivity of goats. The study aimed to identify the relationship between the behavioural reactions of goats of different breeds and changes on the temperature and humidity index in the premises. The study used methods of time slices and recording of behavioural manifestations of goats. It was found that with a THI of 69-74%, the intensity of animal movement was high, but when the THI increased to 81%, activity sharply declined. After an extended stay in THI of 75-81%, goats find it quite challenging to restore average activity indicators. The animals were in the comfort zone (THI = 69-74%) and showed a moderate to weak approach to the feed table. With THI of 75-81%, goats showed interest; however, they did not consume feed. Animal rest positively correlates with such indicators as THI, r = from +0.40 (Saanen) to +0.49 (Alpine); movement in the pen, r = +0.62 and +0.66; approach to the feed table r = +0.32 and +0.31; and urination r = +0.16 and +0.12, respectively. A sharp increase in the rest frequency was detected at 76-81% THI. After normalising THI, animals also rested more frequently, which may be a consequence of heat stress. At the optimal level of THI (up to 74%), the frequency of goat rest decreased over a long period of time. A positive statistically insignificant correlation was established between THI and animal movement in the pen, r = from +0.19 (Saanen) to + 0.39 (Alpine). The movement of animals in the pen positively correlates with feed consumption, r = from +0.30 (Saanen) to +0.34 (Alpine), and negatively with the rumination process in animals, r = from -0.23 (Alpine) to -0.68 (Saanen). It was found that goats of the Saanen breed are more dependent on THI than the Alpine breed. The study's results should be considered when regulating the microclimate on premises for dairy goats and male goats. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Indonesian Archipelago Journal of Animal Science (IAJAS) / Jurnal Peternakan Nusantara (JPN) is the property of Universitas Djuanda and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This study was conducted in the poultry field of the Department of Animal Production/ College of Agriculture/ University of Anbar, from 28/10/2021 to 8/12/2021. A total of 192 unsexed, one day, 40 gm of Ross 308 broiler were used, the chicks were randomly distributed to 4 treatments with 4 replicates for each treatment (12 chicks per replicate), the treatments were as follow: T1 (control): The energy level was 3001.5, 3103 and 3151 kilo calorie per 1 kg of diet for starter, grower and finisher respectively. T2: The energy level was 3149, 3231 and 3340 kilo calorie per 1 kg of diet for starter, grower and finisher respectively. Treatment T3: The he energy level was 2850.5, 2950 and 3151 kilo calorie per 1 kg of diet for starter, grower and finisher respectively. Treatment T4: The energy level was 2850.5, 2950 and 3205 kilo calorie per 1 kg of diet for starter, grower and finisher respectively. The results of the study concluded that the use of different levels of energy in the diets did not have any significant effect at (P≤0.05) on some characteristics of the productive performance of broilers. (P≤0.05) in the second week, where the second treatment outperformed the fourth treatment. As for the fourth week, the first and third treatments were significantly superior at (P≤0.05) over the fourth treatment. In the fifth week, the first, second and third treatment were significantly superior to the fourth treatment at (P≤0.05), as well as the weight gain, where a significant difference occurred in the second week, where the second treatment was significantly superior to the fourth treatment at (P≤0.05). As well as the third week, the first and third treatment were significantly superior to the second treatment at (P≤0.05). As for the relative growth rate, a significant difference occurred only in the third week, where the first, third and fourth treatment were significantly superior to the second treatment at (P≤0.05). As for the use of different levels of energy during the growth period, it had no effect on the characteristics of the carcass except for the weight of the chest, where the first, second and third treatments were significantly superior at (P≤0.05) over the fourth treatment.

The experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of the partial substitution of soybean meal with raw and processed lupin seed (Lupinus angustifolius) meals on growth and carcass performances of Cobb 500 broiler chickens. Two hundred unsexed day-old chicks with similar body weight were randomly assigned to four treatment diets in completely randomized design with 5 replicates. The four dietary treatments diets were 0 % lupin seed meal (T1), 15 % raw lupin seed meal (RLS, T2), 15 % heat-treated dehulled lupin seed meal (HDLS, T3) and 15 % heat-treated lupin seed meal (HLS, T4). The CP content of RLS, HDLS, and HLS were 33.5, 37.1, and 35.4 %, respectively. The highest total and daily feed intake was observed in chickens reared in control diet (T1) while the lowest from T2 and T4 diets and differed (p<0.05) with the T1 diet. However, no significance effect was observed in feed conversion ratio among the treatment diets. Chickens fed with T1 diet had higher (p<0.05) final body weight, total and daily weight gains than those reared in T2 and T4 diets while these values were comparable to those fed on T3 diet. Similarly, higher (p<0.05) values were observed for slaughter weight, dressed carcass weight, drumsticks, keel bone meat, wings, neck and back and thorax in chickens fed with T1 diet than those of T2 and T4 diets; but these values did not differ with chickens fed on the T3 diet. The gizzard weight was similar between chickens fed with T1 and T3 diets while those on T2 and T4 diets had lower (p<0.05) values than those of T1 diet. The highest liver weight was observed in T1 diet while the lowest in T2 and differed (p<0.05). In conclusion it would be economically beneficial to replace 15 % of the soybean meal with heat-treated dehulled blue lupin seed meal in broilers ration under tropical environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study conducts an in-depth investigation into the zootechnical performance of broiler chickens reared under diverse technological systems, against the backdrop of a globally increasing demand for chicken meat. The research addresses how the rearing system, along with factors such as nutrition, farm management, the rearing environment, and genetics, impacts the yield of chicken meat production. By comparing intensive, semi-intensive, and extensive growth systems, the research aims to identify optimal strategies that ensure efficient and sustainable chicken meat production, maximizing yield and quality while also considering animal welfare and environmental sustainability. The analysis encompasses the evaluation of daily weight, feed conversion ratio, and uniformity across different systems, as well as the examination of environmental homogeneity using the Student's t-test to highlight significant differences between batches. The findings offer valuable insights into the impact of the rearing system on zootechnical performance, indicating that the intensive system is characterized by superior yields and a preferential development of the breast. Moreover, the study highlights the significance of the interaction between genetic and nutritional factors and how these elements, together with the choice of rearing system and healthcare practices, contribute to the optimization of production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Jurnal Ilmu Komputer dan Agri-Informatika is the property of IPB University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article studied the dependence of the realization of the genetic potential of reproductive qualities and the intensity of use of crossbred F1 sows of Danish selection when hybridizing them with boars of the specialized parent line of the Danish Durok breed on the system of feeding piglets in the post-weaning period. The influence of the multifertility of sows and the system of feeding their piglets on the leading indicators of the reproductive function of sows and the intensity of their use and the use of machine equipment. It was established that pig enterprises that used a liquid system of feeding piglets were 30 % larger than farms that used a dry feeding system. Their sows had 1.2 % higher fertility and 2.6 % better survival of piglets, resulting in a 4.4 % greater number of piglets at weaning. At the same time, due to the 9.7 % higher average daily growth, the live weight of each piglet at weaning in farms where their liquid feeding was used was 8.0 % higher, which, together with the more significant number of animals in the nest, led to a 12.8 % increase in weight their nests are not this time. According to the comprehensive indices of reproductive productivity of sows, their level in farms where liquid feeding was used was higher by 3.9–5.0 %. It has been proven that the use of a liquid piglet feeding system contributed to an increase of 1.5 % in the number of farrowing per year, 6.0 % in the number of weaned piglets per sow per year, 4.4 % in the average annual number of weaned piglets per machine, by 3.2 % to improve the farrowing ratio of sows. At the same time, it led to a decrease of 7.2 % in the period from weaning of piglets to insemination of the sow, 18.1 % of the average annual number of non-productive days per sow, by 8.3 % of feed consumption by the sow based on one kilogram of live weight of weaned piglets, by 2.1 % of the average annual number of dead sows and by 16.8 % of the share of introduction of piglets into the main herd. At the same time, animals in these farms consumed 5.0 % more feed annually than their counterparts in farms where traditional dry feeding of piglets was used. It was established that multifertility likely affected the weight of one piglet at weaning. In comparison, the method of feeding piglets in the post-weaning period likely affected piglets' survival before weaning and one piglet's weight at weaning. In contrast, the interaction of these factors has a probable impact only on the survival of piglets before weaning. These two factors had no possible influence on the rest of the studied productivity characteristics and technological indicators of the use of sows. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article examined the dependence of sow productivity, the growth rate of suckling piglets, their weight at transfer to rearing, the consumption of precursor feeds, and their costs on dry and liquid feeding systems for piglets in the suckling period. The dependence on feed costs for piglet feeding, veterinary drugs for prevention, and the costs and profitability of piglet rearing in these feeding systems were analyzed. It was found that the use of the liquid milk replacer Opticare Milk helped to improve the survival rate of piglets up to weaning by 7.5 %, increase their number in the sow's nest at this time by 7.0 %, increase the average daily growth of suckling piglets by 20.4 %, increase the absolute weight gain by 19.8 %, increase the weight of the piglet litter at weaning by 22.0 % and increase the individual weight of the piglets at weaning by 14.7 % compared to piglet litters fed dry granulated starter provide Superior Neonatal. Multiple fertility, high fertility, and litter weight of piglets at birth did not depend on how piglets were fed during the suckling period. With liquid feeding of suckling piglets, the proportion of piglets with diarrhea decreased by 12.20 % and the costs for the prevention of gastrointestinal diseases increased by 58.5 %, the costs for the treatment of gastrointestinal diseases by 55.4 %, and the veterinary costs for rearing a piglet during the suckling period by 53.8 % compared to analogs with dry feeding. To 1 kg of gain, these costs increased by 33.1 % due to prevention and 28.4 % due to treatment, resulting in a 28.5 % overrun of the total costs for treatment and prevention. In general, the costs for feeding and medical and preventive measures increased by 157.8 % per animal and 122.2 % per 1 kg of gain compared to dry feeding. At the same time, under the liquid feeding system for suckling piglets, the cost of keeping a sow per weaned piglet fell by 6.00 %. The proportion of these costs per piglet decreased by 21.6 %, and the cost of keeping a sow per 1 kg increased. Still, the cost of a piglet at weaning increases by 13.2 %, the cost of 1 kg live weight of piglets at weaning increases by 5.6 %, the share of feed and veterinary components in the cost of rearing a piglet increases by 9.1 %, and by 3.4 %. At the same time, the market value increases by 14.7 %, the income from rearing a piglet rises by 17.9 %, and the profitability of rearing a piglet increases by 1.95 %. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Anbar Journal of Agricultural Sciences is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This research was conducted in order to investigate the effect of peptides extracted from casein on performance, carcass characteristics and antioxidant properties of breast meat on 350 male broiler chicks in a completely randomized design with 7 treatments, 5 replications and 10 birds in each replicate. Treatments included: 1) basic diet without additives (control), 2) basic diet + Avilamycin antibiotic and basic diet + levels of 200 to 1000 mg/kg peptide. The results showed that the use of peptides period had not significant effect on feed intake in any periods of the experiment. Effect of peptides on body weight gain and feed conversion ratio in starter period was not significant. In grower, treatments containing 600, 800 and 1000 and in finisher and whole periods use of 800 and 1000 mg peptides increased body weight gain in compared to control treatment (P<0.05). Adding peptides also improved feed conversion ratio in grower, finisher and whole periods of the experiment. Use of 600, 800 and 1000 mg peptides decreased abdominal fat and increased heart percentage (P<0.05). Small intestine, duodenum, jejunum and ileum percentage in treatments supplemented with peptides significantly reduced (P<0.05). Use of peptides derived from casein improved the antioxidant properties of chicken breast meat (P<0.05). In conclusion, the results of the present study showed that use of peptides derived from casein improved performance, decreased abdominal fat, small intestine percentages and increased breast meat stability in broiler chicks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article investigated the dependence of sow reproductive qualities, suckling piglet growth intensity, consumption of pre-starter feed and their costs for systems of dry and liquid feeding of piglets in the suckling period. It was found that the use of liquid milk replacer resulted in a 7.5% improvement in the preservation of piglets until weaning, a 7.0% increase in their numbers in the nest at that time, a 16. 7% increase in the intensity of their growth, a 17.0% increase in absolute numbers, an 11.8% increase in the weight of the piglets at weaning and a 19.6% increase in the weight of their nest at that time compared to piglet nests where traditional piglet feeding was used. With the liquid feeding method, piglets consumed 5.3 times more prestarter products per head and 4.4 times more per 1 kg of growth, but 62.0% less dry feed. In liquid feeding of suckling piglets, the number of litters with signs of diarrhoea decreased by 15.09%, and the cost of preventing gastrointestinal diseases increased by 51.8%, for their treatment by 40.4%, and the veterinary cost of raising a piglet in the suckling period by 51.2%, the cost per 1 kg growth of suckling piglets increased by 22.4% due to prevention, by 14.3% due to their treatment, and the total cost of medical and preventive measures by 22.0%. In general, the costs for feeding and medical and preventive measures increased by 170.6% per animal and by 130.7% per 1 kg growth compared to dry feeding. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Demand for chicken meat has been growing in recent years, requiring prominent production levels and efficient feed conversion. The purpose of this study was to determine the productivity, preservation, and slaughter performance of broiler chickens, feed conversion on the background of feeding with additives with chelated forms of trace minerals. Poultry growth intensity was determined according to zootechnical methods, slaughter indicators – according to morphological methods, and statistical analysis of the results was used. By the end of the rearing period, the live weight of broiler chickens in the groups where the dietary supplement with chelated trace minerals (second group) and copper chelate complex (third group) was significantly higher than in the control group – by 6.9% and 13.8%, and the relative increase was 4.5 percentage points and 8.5 percentage points, respectively. The growth rate of broilers in terms of average daily weight gain is higher in these groups by 6.8% and 14.2%, respectively. The safety of poultry in the experimental groups is 4% better than in the control group. The feed conversion of a diet with chelated trace element additives is higher. Feed consumption in the experimental groups was reduced by 2.8% when feeding the selected additive and by 9.7% when feeding the copper chelate complex. The results of balance studies revealed an increase in the digestibility of nutrients in the diet of broiler chickens. Additives with micronutrient chelates are effective in increasing slaughter yield, meatiness of the thighs and shins, and pectoral muscles by 5.3-6.2 percentage points. The broilers of the experimental groups had a higher meatiness of the thighs and shins. The highest growth rate was found in broilers fed a copper chelate complex in their diet. The lower feed conversion in the control group is due to the lower body weight of these chickens. Based on the research data obtained, the possibility of effective introduction of additives with chelated microminerals into the diet of broiler chickens was established, which helped to increase the growth rate and meat yield. The results can be used in farm poultry farms to produce more products and reduce the cost of chicken production

Abstract Dietary inclusion effects of various levels of jack mackerel meal (JMM) on growth, feed utilization, biochemical composition, and innate immune response of rockfish were determined. The control (Con) diet included 550 g/kg fish meal (FM). Ten, 30, 50, 100, 200, 400, 600, and 1000 g/kg of JMM were included in the Con diet, referred to as the JMM10, JMM30, JMM50, JMM100, JMM200, JMM400, JMM600, and JMM1000 diets, respectively. Eight hundred and ten fish (initial mean weight of 2.3 g) were distributed into 27 flow‐through tanks. The experimental diets were assigned to triplicate groups of fish. Fish were hand‐fed for 8 weeks. Weight gain of fish fed the JMM400 diet was statistically better than that of fish fed the Con, JMM10, JMM30, JMM50, JMM100, and JMM200 diets. Feed consumption of fish fed the JMM400 diet was statistically higher than that of fish fed the Con, JMM10, JMM30, and JMM50 diets. Dietary inclusion of JMM did not influence feed utilization, biochemical composition, and innate immune responses of fish. In conclusion, inclusion of JMM up to 400 g/kg of FM in diet improved growth and feed consumption of rockfish, and dietary optimum inclusion levels of JMM were estimated to be 396.7 and 403.1 g/kg based on regression analysis of weight gain and feed consumption, respectively.

To identify body systems subject to epigenetic transformation during in vitro fertilization (IVF), comparative morphological and functional studies were performed on sexually mature offspring of outbred CD1 mice, specific-pathogen-free (SPF), obtained by IVF (experiment) and natural conception (control). The studies included assessment of age-related changes in body weight and composition, energy intake and expenditure, and glucose homeostasis. To level the effects caused by the different number of newborns in the control and in the experiment, the size of the fed litters was halved in the control females. Males obtained using the IVF procedure were superior in body weight compared to control males in all age groups. As was shown by analysis of variance with experiment/control factors, gender, age (7, 10 and 20 weeks), the IVF procedure had a statistically significant and unidirectional effect on body composition. At the same time, IVF offspring outperformed control individuals in relative fat content, but were behind in terms of lean mass. The effect of the interaction of factors was not statistically significant. IVF offspring of both sexes had higher fat to lean mass ratios (FLR). Since adipose tissue contributes significantly less to total energy intake compared to muscle, the main component of lean mass, it is not surprising that at the same level of IVF locomotor activity offspring consumed less food than controls. When converted to one gram of body weight, this difference reached 19 %. One of the consequences of reduced utilization of IVF energy substrates by offspring is a decrease in their tolerance to glucose loading. The integral criterion for the effectiveness of restoring the initial glucose level is the area under the curve (AUC), the value of which was 2.5 (males) and 3.2 (females) times higher in IVF offspring compared to the corresponding control. Thus, the totality of our original and literature data shows an increase in the risk of metabolic disorders in IVF offspring, which is confirmed by epidemiological studies of a relatively young cohort of people born using assisted reproductive technologies.

Dietary inclusion effects of various levels of jack mackerel meal (JMM) on growth, feed utilization, biochemical composition, and innate immune response of rockfish were determined. The control (Con) diet included 550 g/kg fish meal (FM). Ten, 30, 50, 100, 200, 400, 600, and 1000 g/kg of JMM were included in the Con diet, referred to as the JMM10, JMM30, JMM50, JMM100, JMM200, JMM400, JMM600, and JMM1000 diets, respectively. Eight hundred and ten fish (initial mean weight of 2.3 g) were distributed into 27 flow‐through tanks. The experimental diets were assigned to triplicate groups of fish. Fish were hand‐fed for 8 weeks. Weight gain of fish fed the JMM400 diet was statistically better than that of fish fed the Con, JMM10, JMM30, JMM50, JMM100, and JMM200 diets. Feed consumption of fish fed the JMM400 diet was statistically higher than that of fish fed the Con, JMM10, JMM30, and JMM50 diets. Dietary inclusion of JMM did not influence feed utilization, biochemical composition, and innate immune responses of fish. In conclusion, inclusion of JMM up to 400 g/kg of FM in diet improved growth and feed consumption of rockfish, and dietary optimum inclusion levels of JMM were estimated to be 396.7 and 403.1 g/kg based on regression analysis of weight gain and feed consumption, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: The aim of the experiment was to investigate the effect of ration levels and protein levels on feeding patterns of weaned pigs ensuring good health and productivity. Material and methods: An experiment with 56 weaned Danube White pigs divided into 4 groups of 14 was carried out in Agricultural Institute – Shumen. The experiment started at 8,364 - 8,457 kg live weight and finished at 30,786 - 31,714 kg live weight, with a duration period of 56 days. During the first 14 days after weaning, the pigs from the third and fourth group were fed with limited ration – 20% less from that of first and second group. After that period, the reduced ration for the previous period was raised for the pigs from third and fourth group. Throughout the entire test period, pigs from the first and third groups received a compound feed of 18,50% protein and those from the second and fourth groups with 16,50%. Results: The limited ration provides up to lower growth rate in the first 14 days as feed conversion ratio is the same as that of animals fed ad libitum. Animals fed restricted and ad libitum with 16.50% protein in the compound feed had a similar average daily increase but did not achieve the growth rate of high-protein-fed pigs (18.50%) over the whole experimental period. Better daily gain and feed conversion ratio was found in pigs fed ad libitum with a high protein level (18.50%) in their compound feeds. Conclusions: The obtained results can find applications in solving various practical problems.

Bee breed is an important factor in determining bee family development and productivity, as it affects honey production, disease resistance, climate adaptation, and bee behaviour characteristics. The purpose of the study was to establish the relationship between the methods of mating queens and the morphological characteristics of bees of the Ukrainian steppe breed and the productive indicators of bee colonies. To conduct the research, 43 bee colonies with queen sisters of the Ukrainian steppe breed mated by different methods of natural mating were established in the Vinnytsia oblast. According to the results of mating, there were 22 queen bees in the control group, and 21 queen bees in the experimental group. The queens of the first control group mated in a normal natural way without any restrictions. The queen bees of the experimental group mated under time and space control. Based on the results of the research, the relationship between the integrity of the colony and its morphological features and productive indicators was established. Thus, experimental families have different degrees of belonging to the Ukrainian steppe breed, control – 59% and experimental – 87.2% (p < 0.001). According to the cubital index, the advantage was 8.2% (p < 0.001) in favour of the experimental group. The best family integrity on the hantel index was observed in families in which queens were mated in a controlled time and space, with a difference of 3.32% (p < 0.001). In the control group, where uncontrolled mating of queens was performed, more bees were found for discoid displacement with an excess of the standard indicator for the breed. Families in the experimental group were stronger by 14.5% (p < 0.001) compared to the control group. They provided 41.9% more honey, built 22.1% more honeycombs (p < 0.01), and the need for Kandy feeding was 31.8% less (p < 0.001). In addition, the bees of the experimental group had pronounced hygienic behaviour and required less labour costs. The practical significance of the study lies in the possibility of establishing patterns of action of factors on a particular breed and confirms the need to implement breeding programmes in beekeeping

Changes in gastrointestinal architecture, high incidence of diarrhoea, and low feed intake (FI) are commonly observed around weaning of pigs, but the relationship between postweaning FI and diarrhoea is unclear. This study aimed to determine the effect of low or high FI during the first days after weaning on growth performance, diarrhoea probability, intestinal permeability, and morphology in pigs until postweaning day (PWD) 28. A total of 120 pigs (7.20 ± 0.26 kg) weaned at 28 days of age (PWD 0) were randomly allocated to five diets and housed individually until PWD 28. Two diets differed in CP and three diets differed in threonine and tryptophan levels. At PWD 4, pigs with the 25% lowest accumulated FI (LOW; n = 30) and 25% highest accumulated FI (HIGH; n = 30) were selected for the study. Faecal consistency was evaluated daily using a 4-scale visual scoring system. Blood was collected at PWD 4, 14, 21 and 28, and small intestinal and colonic tissue was obtained at slaughter on PWD 28. Until PWD 4, LOW pigs consumed approximately 20% (35.7 ± 5.9 g/day) of the FI of HIGH pigs (181 ± 5.75 g/day; P 0.10). The systemic inflammatory markers haptoglobin and C-reactive protein were higher for HIGH pigs at PWD 4 (P = 0.005), but not affected in the following periods (P > 0.10). Pigs in the HIGH group had an increased area of acidic mucin-producing cells in the small intestine compared with LOW pigs (P

Mineral elements play an essential role in the metabolic processes carried out in the animal body at the cellular level. They support homeostasis, acid-base balance, and osmotic pressure. Lack of mineral elements leads to disturbances in metabolic metabolism, reduced productivity, and increased morbidity in poultry. Therefore, the research aimed to establish the effect of selenium-containing feed additives on broiler chickens' live weight, gains, feed consumption, slaughter, and hematological indicators. Selenium – exchanges proteins, fats, and carbohydrates to regulate enzymatic and redox reactions. The introduction of selenium into animals' rations contributes to the normalization of metabolism, preventing the accumulation of toxic oxidation products and damage to the cell membrane. The experiment lasted 42 days. Two groups of Ross-308 cross-broiler chickens, 20 heads each, were selected for the experiment. In addition to compound feed, the second experimental group used a mineral feed additive at the rate of 100 g per 1 ton of compound feed. When broiler chickens were fed a mineral feed additive, live weight increased by 4.9 %, average daily weight gain by 4.8 %, and absolute weight gain by 5.0 %, relative to control counterparts. It was established that using a mineral feed additive in feeding broiler chickens of the 2nd group, the consumption of feed per 1 kg of growth decreased by 9.0 %, compared to control analogs. It was found that the preslaughter live weight of broiler chickens of the 2nd group increased by 5.0 %, the weight of non-carcass carcass by 5.6 %, half-carcass by 5.5 %, and carcass weight by 6.2 %, compared to the control value. In addition, under the influence of the studied feed additive, the mass of the pectoral muscles in broilers of the 2nd group increases by 16.0 % (Р ≤ 0.05) and thigh muscles by 36.0 % (Р ≤ 0.001) relative to control indicators. It was found that in the broilers of the 2nd group, under the influence of the additive, the slaughter yield of the thigh muscles increased by 29.4 % (Р ≤ 0.05) compared to the control group. It was established that under the action of the mineral supplement, the level of hemoglobin in broiler chickens of the 2nd group increased by 5.3 % (Р ≤ 0.05) relative to the control value. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For the organization of pork production, it is necessary to create a strong fodder base that would provide the physiological needs of pigs in accordance with a reasonable level of productivity. The main method of growth stimulation and realization of the genetic endowments of animals is the use of biologically active feed additives in their feeding. The study of mineral nutrition of animals deserves special attention. Therefore, the aim of the research was to determine the influence of the mineral supplement “Mintrex Cu” on productivity and slaughter performance in pigs. Mineral feed supplement “Mintrex Cu” is a copper chelate of methionine hydroxy analog with a well-defined chemical structure, which contains 18 % copper and 79.5 % methionine activity. The protocol and procedures used in this study were ethically compliant with Directive 2010/63/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council on the Protection of Animals, as well as the Law of Ukraine “On the Protection of Animals from Cruelty”. The experiment lasted 55 days. 24 heads of large white pigs were selected for the experiment. Formed two similar groups of 12 goals each. During the formation of groups, live weight, growth, age, sex and breed were taken into account. Animals were kept in group pens of 12 heads, according to the number of experimental groups, in a typical piggery for raising young animals. A control group of pigs was fed compound feed that provided their nutritional needs. The experimental group additionally consumed the mineral supplement “Mintrex Cu” in a dose of 280 g/t of feed. It was found that the additional use of the mineral feed additive “Mintrex Cu” increases the live weight of pigs of the 2nd experimental group by 4.8 % (Р ˂ 0.05), compared to the control group. In addition, it was recorded that the preservation of pigs increased in the 2nd experimental group by 2.0 % against the control. The use of a mineral supplement in the feeding of pigs of the 2nd group, feed consumption per 1 kg of growth is reduced by 14.2 % compared to the control group. It was established that the pigs of the 2nd group, which consumed the mineral supplement “Mintrex Cu” had a higher pre-slaughter live weight by 5.6 % (Р ˂ 0.05) and slaughter weight by 6.5 % (Р ˂ 0.05) and carcass weight by 8.2 % (Р ˂ 0.05) compared to the control indicator. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Background Knowing the feed intake pattern during lactation of modern genetic sows is crucial because it allows to anticipate possible problems and maximize their performance. On the other side, electronic feeders permit real-time data to be available for a more accurate evaluation of sow eating behavior. This work aimed to characterize the feed intake patterns of lactating highly prolific sows and determine their effect on reproductive performance. A database of 1,058 registers of feed intake collected from a commercial farm was used to identify five consistent sets of clusters (feeding curves) using machine learning. In the second step, the five feeding curves were characterized into five patterns by high, medium and low feed intake during 0–6 d and 7–28 d of lactation: 1-HH, 2-MH, 3-HM, 4-MM and 5-LL. Results The mean daily feed intake of all the sows was 6.2 kg (0.06 SEM) across the 5 patterns. As the pattern numbers increased from 1-HH, 2-MH, 3-HM and 4-MM to 5-LL, their mean daily feed intake decreased from 7.6 to 6.9, 6.4, 5.8 and 4.3 (0.06 SEM) kg, respectively (P

This study was conducted in the Layer farm of Animal production department/ College of Agriculture, University of Anbar, for the period from 20/ 7/ 2021 to 15/ 10/ 2021, to study the Effect of vitamin D3 addition and various particle size of oyster shells to production diets in laying hens productive performance. In this study, 108 Lohman Brown laying hens, 43 weeks were distributed randomly in to nine groups, four replicates for each one three hens reared in cages (cm). The experimental treatments were as follows: T1 normal diet (control group), T2/ calcium source 50% limestone + 50% oyster shell size less than 1 mm + vitamin D3 4000 IU kg-1, T3/ calcium source 50% limestone +50 % oyster shell size 1-2 mm + vitamin D3 4000 IU kg-1, T4 / calcium source 50% limestone + 50% oyster shell size 2-3 mm + vitamin D3 4000 IU kg-1, T5/ calcium source 50% Limestone + 50% oyster shell size 3–5 mm + Vitamin D3 4000 IU kg-1, T6/ Calcium source 50% limestone + 50% oyster shell size less than 1 mm + Vitamin D3 8000 IU kg-1, T7/ Calcium source 50% limestone + 50% oyster shell 1-2 mm + Vitamin D3 8000 IU kg-1, T8 Calcium source 50% limestone + 50% oyster shell 2-3 mm + Vitamin D3 8000 IU kg-1, T9/ Calcium source 50% limestone +50% oyster shell size 3-5mm + Vitamin D3 8000 IU kg-1. results showed no significant differences in daily feed consumption ratio, feed conversion coefficient, egg mass and egg production in the three periods of the experiment and in average. significant improvement (P≤0.05) in average egg weight during third productive period of the experiment for the second, fifth, sixth, seventh, eighth and ninth treatments compared to the other treatments.

The effect of different amount of nettle hay meal replacing concentrated feed on the development of replacement pig stock in terms of live weight and external measurements are studied. Indicators of growth patterns, nutrient consumption per 1 kg of pigs under test are cinsidered as well. Hematological indicators were researched. The main group of pigs was fed with the basic diet in the comparative and main periods of the experiment. (barley, wheat, pea and corn grits and sunflower meal). Nettle hay meal was added to the diet of the second group under test. It replaced 12.5 % of the protein of the above-mentioned diet. The third diet of pigs under test included 25 % nettle hay meal to replace the protein in concentrated feed. A mixture of micro- and macroelements was used as a mineral additive. The meal was given as dry form twice a day. Nettle hay meal was dried when nettle grass in the budding phase. Nettle hay was ground with a mill of 2 mm grid diameter. Long-term feeding with nettle hay meal in the amount between 12.5 % and 25 % of protein in the concentrated feed diet does not reduce the growth index of the pigs under test and does not increase the consumption of feed units, metabolism and protein per 1 kg of their growth compared to stock fed with concentrated feed rations. The growth indicator analysis demonstrates that the assessing stabable growth of piglets under test is higher than in the rest of groups under test. A similar tendency is observed in the growth tension index assessment. When growing the proportions of piglets’ body structure change, it depends not only on changes in their live weight. So at 8 months of age the pigs that comsumped 12.5 and 25 % nettle hay meal had the highest linear growth rates compared to the other group under test. The results of hematological studies proved the replacement of concentrated fodder protein with nettle hay meal contributed to the increase in the erythrocyte amount, hemoglobin and total protein in the blood.

This study aimed to determine the analysis of super native chicken farm business with Black Soldier Fly (BSF) maggot supplementation on feed on the production performance of super native chickens, including feed consumption, body weight gain and feed conversion. This study used 50 super male native chickens aged 4 weeks and adapted for 1 week then randomized into five treatments, including P0 (basal feed without BSF maggot), P1 (basal feed + 2.5% BSF maggot), P2 (basal feed + 5% BSF maggot), P3 (basal feed + 7.5% BSF maggot), and P4 (basal feed + 10% BSF maggot). Statistical data analysis was processed using One Way ANOVA and followed by post hoc Duncan. The results showed that the level of feed consumption was high in treatment P4, the highest body weight gain was in P4, the lowest feed conversion was in P1. Contribution margin analysis (CM) was used to determine the benefits of the treatment in this study. 2.5% BSF (P1) maggot supplementation is recommended to increase profits.

Background: Knowing the feed intake pattern during lactation of modern genetic sows is crucial because it allows to anticipate possible problems and maximize their performance. On the other side, electronic feeders permit real-time data to be available for a more accurate evaluation of sow eating behavior. This work aimed to characterize the feed intake patterns of lactating highly prolific sows and determine their effect on reproductive performance. A database of 1,058 registers of feed intake collected from a commercial farm was used to identify five consistent sets of clusters (feeding curves) using machine learning. In the second step, the five feeding curves were characterized into five patterns by high, medium and low feed intake during 0–6 d and 7–28 d of lactation: 1-HH, 2-MH, 3-HM, 4-MM and 5-LL. Results: The mean daily feed intake of all the sows was 6.2 kg (0.06 SEM) across the 5 patterns. As the pattern numbers increased from 1-HH, 2-MH, 3-HM and 4-MM to 5-LL, their mean daily feed intake decreased from 7.6 to 6.9, 6.4, 5.8 and 4.3 (0.06 SEM) kg, respectively (P < 0.01). Sows with Pattern 1-HH tended to have shorter weaning-to-first service interval (P = 0.06) and had a higher farrowing rate than those with Pattern 5-LL (P < 0.01). Furthermore, contrast analysis showed that sows with Patterns 1-HH and 2-MH tended to have more piglets weaned (P = 0.05) and lower preweaning mortality (P = 0.07) than those with Patterns 3-HM and 4-MM. Also, sows with Patterns 1-HH and 3-HM had fewer stillborn piglets and a lower percentage of stillborn piglets and mummies than those with Patterns 2-MH and 4-MM (P < 0.01). Conclusions: This study indicates the importance of reaching Pattern 1-HH by rapidly increasing feed intake during early lactation and high feed intake during late lactation, which is associated with high weaning performance and subsequent reproductive performance of the sows. Also, the current study suggests that Pattern 1-HH is linked to good farrowing with a low percentage of stillborn piglets and mummies. Finally, it is critical for producers to timely identify a problem of sows' eating behavior and to make a prompt decision to intervene. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bee breed is an important factor in determining bee family development and productivity, as it affects honey production, disease resistance, climate adaptation, and bee behaviour characteristics. The purpose of the study was to establish the relationship between the methods of mating queens and the morphological characteristics of bees of the Ukrainian steppe breed and the productive indicators of bee colonies. To conduct the research, 43 bee colonies with queen sisters of the Ukrainian steppe breed mated by different methods of natural mating were established in the Vinnytsia oblast. According to the results of mating, there were 22 queen bees in the control group, and 21 queen bees in the experimental group. The queens of the first control group mated in a normal natural way without any restrictions. The queen bees of the experimental group mated under time and space control. Based on the results of the research, the relationship between the integrity of the colony and its morphological features and productive indicators was established. Thus, experimental families have different degrees of belonging to the Ukrainian steppe breed, control – 59% and experimental – 87.2% (p < 0.001). According to the cubital index, the advantage was 8.2% (p < 0.001) in favour of the experimental group. The best family integrity on the hantel index was observed in families in which queens were mated in a controlled time and space, with a difference of 3.32% (p < 0.001). In the control group, where uncontrolled mating of queens was performed, more bees were found for discoid displacement with an excess of the standard indicator for the breed. Families in the experimental group were stronger by 14.5% (p < 0.001) compared to the control group. They provided 41.9% more honey, built 22.1% more honeycombs (p < 0.01), and the need for Kandy feeding was 31.8% less (p < 0.001). In addition, the bees of the experimental group had pronounced hygienic behaviour and required less labour costs. The practical significance of the study lies in the possibility of establishing patterns of action of factors on a particular breed and confirms the need to implement breeding programmes in beekeeping. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: The aim of the experiment was to investigate the effect of ration levels and protein levels on feeding patterns of weaned pigs ensuring good health and productivity. Material and methods: An experiment with 56 weaned Danube White pigs divided into 4 groups of 14 was carried out in Agricultural Institute – Shumen. The experiment started at 8,364 - 8,457 kg live weight and finished at 30,786 - 31,714 kg live weight, with a duration period of 56 days. During the first 14 days after weaning, the pigs from the third and fourth group were fed with limited ration – 20% less from that of first and second group. After that period, the reduced ration for the previous period was raised for the pigs from third and fourth group. Throughout the entire test period, pigs from the first and third groups received a compound feed of 18,50% protein and those from the second and fourth groups with 16,50%. Results: The limited ration provides up to lower growth rate in the first 14 days as feed conversion ratio is the same as that of animals fed ad libitum. Animals fed restricted and ad libitum with 16.50% protein in the compound feed had a similar average daily increase but did not achieve the growth rate of high-protein-fed pigs (18.50%) over the whole experimental period. Better daily gain and feed conversion ratio was found in pigs fed ad libitum with a high protein level (18.50%) in their compound feeds. Conclusions: The obtained results can find applications in solving various practical problems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Chicken rearing is an important source of income and nutrition in Ethiopia. However, the country's poultry producers could not satisfy the expected human food consumption mainly because of the low productivity and chickens are not as productive as expected in rural area. Several programmes, in Ethiopia and elsewhere, have attempted to improve chicken production as a means to reduce poverty. Therefore, this study was proposed to evaluate the growth performance and age at sexual maturity White Leghorn and Fayoumi breeds from day old up to 28 weeks of age. Materials and Methods: At the age of 34 weeks, White Leghorn and Fayoumi chicken breeds (88 from each breed) were selected randomly as a parent stock from Haramaya University's poultry farm. Age at sexual maturity, body weight at sexual maturity, and egg weight at first egg were taken when the chickens laid eggs and reached 5% of egg production. The results obtained from this study were analyzed by SAS 2008. Results: The mean egg weight ranged between 42.87 to 51.12 g for Fayoumi and White Leghorn, respectively. Fayoumi breed had higher fertility (91.25%) as compared to White Leghorn, which had 71.42% of fertility. In addition, higher feed consumption (33.33%), better-feed conversion ratio (0.57 g), higher average body weight gain (31.09 g), better average body weight (124.99 g), and egg weight at first egg (41.67 g) were observed for the White Leghorn whereas Fayoumi breed was better in fertility, hatchability, and yolk color. Conclusions: It is concluded that the White Leghorn breed is suitable for rising considering its heavier body weight, egg weight, better egg quality whereas Fayoumi breed was better in fertility, hatchability and yolk color. There was non-significant result in age at first egg laying as both attain in 167 days. The age at sexual maturity is an important economic trait due to its effect on egg production, so the age at sexual maturity must be adjusted at a suitable age for production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Cientifica de la Facultade de Veterinaria is the property of Universidad del Zulia, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The present study was conducted for 35 days utilizing 240, day-old Vencobb broiler chicks, randomly divided in to 8 groups (T1-T8) and each group was replicated into two sub-groups (R1 and R2) to study the effect of incorporation of Giloy and Moringa at 0.75% alone and in combination, along with effect of different bedding materials such as sand and saw dust, and evaluated the interaction effect among proposed supplements and bedding material on performance and carcass characteristics of broilers. However group reared on saw dust and supplemented with combination of both herbs (T23) reported highest cumulative body weight gain (1882.23 g) at the end of experiment as compared to rest of the groups. However group reared on saw dust and supplemented with giloy alone (T21) reported highest cumulative feed consumption (2978.02 g) at the end of experiment as compared to rest of the groups. Non Significant effect was observed at effect of interaction of dietary supplementation and different bedding materials on body weight, average body weight gain, feed consumption, FCR, PI, and carcass characteristics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Acta Vet Indones. The Indonesian Veterinary Journal / Jurnal Acta Veterinaria Indonesiana is the property of IPB University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Livestock production in southern South America heavily relies on extensive native grasslands, characterized by high plant species diversity, which makes estimating forage digestibility and intake by ruminants in this pastoral ecosystem challenging. Therefore, the aim of this study was to develop regression models to establish the relationship between total faecal nitrogen excretion (FNe) and organic matter (OM) intake, and faecal nitrogen content (FNc) and OM digestibility in sheep fed multi-species native forage. In a completely randomized design, 16 Corriedale sheep averaging 44 kg of body weight (BW) were housed in metabolism cages and received forage in amounts of 15, 20, 25 g of dry matter per kg of BW or ad libitum. During the spring of 2019 and the summer of 2020, four measurement periods were carried out. The sheep had 5 days of adaptation to the metabolism cage, 10 days to adapt to the treatments of amounts of forage offered, and 5 days for intake and digestibility measurements. The forage was harvested once a day, and then the fresh forage was offered at two different times, 8 and 17 h. A linear regression model was developed to estimate OM intake in sheep fed multi-species native forage based on the FNe [Intake (g OM/sheep/day) = 107.7 + 101.5 × FNe]. An exponential regression model was developed to estimate forage OM digestibility in sheep based on the FNc (Digestibility = 0.31411e0.02995 × FNc). In conclusion, our findings highlight that the OM intake can be precisely estimated using FNe and a reasonably precise estimation of the forage OM digestibility can be reached by assessing FNc in sheep fed a multi-species native forage from the Rio de la Plata region in South America. • Multi-species native forages were used to study intake and digestibility in sheep • Faecal N was used as a marker to estimate intake and digestibility in sheep fed native forages. • Regression models were performed to predict intake and digestibility in sheep fed native forages. • Faecal N excretion can be used precisely to estimate intake in sheep fed native forages. • Digestibility can be estimated with reasonable precision by assessing the faecal N content in sheep fed native forages. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

If we want to find replacement to use of antibiotics, we must search more naturally alternative methods. Such method can be also used with probiotics in poultry nutrition. By the help of them we can achieve better health state and higher increase of live and slaughter weight. We tested the effect of probiotic Propoul in the experiment. We applied two different doses of probiotic at three hybrid combinations broiler chicks (Ross 308, Hubbard JV, Cobb 500). We watched difference among live weight, body symmetry and feed conversation. In all hybrids we found statistically significant difference (P

This study was conducted in order to evaluate effect of organic acids on broiler performance. Totally 180 chickens of Ross 308 hybrid were divided to three groups. Experimental group no. 1 (n=60) received acetic acid in drinking water with concentration 0.25% from day 1 to day 42. Experimental group no. 2 (n=60) received citric acid in drinking water with concentration 0.25% from day 1 to day 42. Control group (n=60) received drinking water without any additives. The average body weight, feed consumption, mortality and carcass characteristics were analyzed and compared finally. The results showed no significant effects of diets with addition of organic acids (P

Herbs, spices and their extracts (botanicals) have a wide range of activities. They may have a beneficial effect on the gastrointestinal micro flora of animals, performance and quality of animal products. In this experiment the effects of supplementation of the diet for laying hens with different doses of thyme or oregano essential oil addition on body weight, feed consumption and egg production were studied. Hens of laying hybrid Hy-Line Brown (n=50) were randomly divided into 5 groups (n=10) and fed for 20 weeks with diets with thyme or oregano essential oil supplemented. In the control group hens received feed mixture with no additions. The diets in the first and second experimental groups were supplemented with 0.5 ml/kg or 1.0 ml/kg thyme essential oil. The diets in the third and fourth experimental groups were supplemented with 0.5 or 1.0 ml/kg oregano essential oil. Average body weight for the whole period was in the order of the groups 1791.2±80.83; 1809.0±66.88; 1742.6±65.43; 1819.1±78.54 and 1803.9±98.00 g (p>0.05). In the feed consumption per feeding day, per egg, or in the feed conversion were observed statistically non-significant differences compared to the control group (p>0.05). Number of eggs per hen during the reporting period was in order of the groups: 135.6; 140.7; 139.1; 137.3 and 138.5 pcs at an average intensity of laying 90.4; 93.80; 92.73; 91.53 and 92.33%. The results suggest that the body weight, feed consumption, feed conversion, egg production, egg mass and egg weight were not significantly influenced with thyme or oregano oil addition (p>0.05).

Herbs, spices and their extracts (botanicals) have a wide range of activities. They may have a beneficial effect on the gastrointestinal microflora of animals, performance and quality of animal products. In this experiment the effects of supplementation of the diet for laying hens with oregano essential oil and Rhus coriaria L. (sumac) seeds addition on body weight, feed consumption and egg production were studied. Hens of laying hybrid Hy-Line Brown (N=30) were randomly divided into 3 groups (n=10) and fed for 20 weeks with basal diet (BD) with oregano essential oil and Rhus coriaria L. supplemented. In the control group hens received feed mixture with no additions. The diets in the first experimental group were supplemented with 1 ml/kg oregano essential oil. The feed for second experimental group of birds consisted of basal diet supplemented with seeds of Rhus coriaria L. of the dose at 1% of total feed mixture. Average body weight for the whole period was in the order of the groups 1791.2, 1803.9 and 1843.5 g (p>0.05). In the feed consumption per feeding day, per egg, or in the feed conversion were observed statistically non-significant differences compared to the control group (p>0.05). Number of eggs per hen during the reporting period was in order of the groups: 135.6, 138.5 and 136.9 pieces, at an average intensity of laying 90.4, 92.34 and 91.26%. The results suggest that the body weight, feed consumption, feed conversion, egg production, egg mass and egg weight were not significantly influenced with oregano oil or Rhus coriaria L. addition (p>0.05).

Copyright of Jurnal Medik Veterinar is the property of Universitas Airlangga and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This study aims to determine the effects of the local duck mating patterns (Tegal and Magelang) on production performance based on feed consumption, feed conversion (FCR), and egg production (DDP). The research used 80 Magelang and Tegal ducks. The research is an experimental study with a completely randomized design (CRD). The research used 4 treatments and 5 replications. The number of ducks in each cross consisted of 5 (five) males and 15 (fifteen) females. P1 crossed Magelang and Magelang ducks (MM), P2 Magelang Tegal (MT), P3 Tegal Magelang (TM), and P4 Tegal and Tegal (TT) which were given the same feed in the form of concentrate feed. Ducks were kept for 3 months to observe their production performance. The results showed that there was no significant difference between the feed consumption of P1 and P3, but significantly different (P> 0.05) between P2 and P4. The highest egg production was produced by P3 followed by P1, P2, and P4, while the lowest FCR is P2 followed by P4, P3 and the highest was P1 (MM). From the research, it was concluded that the Tegal-Magelang (P3) duck crossbred had the best productivity and the most efficient use of feed compared to other cross treatments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Optimizing the use of agro-industrial waste as an alternative feed ingredient for sheep requires the right strategy. The use of feed additives and supplements is needed to improve the performance of sheep in utilizing agro-industrial waste-based feed. The use of hibiscus flour as a source of saponins is important to optimize rumen microbial growth by suppressing the growth of protozoa. The addition of urea is used to supply nitrogen sources to optimize the performance of rumen microbes. This study used 15 thin tail sheep aged 8 months with an average weight of 13.98 ± 1.1 kg, the experimental design used was CRD (Completely Randomized Design) with 3 types of treatment and 5 times repetition, namely R1 (control / without supplementation), R2 (supplementation of 0.1% hibiscus flower and Urea 0.5%), R3 (supplementation of 0.2% hibiscus flower and 1% Urea). The objective of this research was to measure feed consumption and growth dynamics. The results showed that the addition of hibiscus flour and urea to the feed formula had no significant effect on the feed consumption of sheep. The growth dynamics of sheep showed a decrease in the first week of the trial, and gradually showed an increase in the second week. The highest growth increase was achieved in R3 treatment at 6 weeks of the feeding trial. Based on the results of the study, it can be concluded that sheep fed with 0.2% hibiscus flour supplementation and 1% Urea (R3) showed the best ability in utilizing agro-industrial waste-based feed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Context. Quail production is increasingly emerging as a low-capital, cheap, alternative source for supplementing protein intake among peoples in tropical countries such as Nigeria. Aims. To increase animal protein sources, promote their availability to rural people, and reduce the unit cost of protein to the people, the effect of dietary crude protein on feed consumption, egg productivity and egg-quality characteristics of quail in the high-altitude Ekiti area of Nigeria was evaluated. Methods. In total, 142 mature Japanese quails, divided into four groups with four replicates per group, were fed with four diets differing in dietary protein concentration with a near-isocaloric maize-groundnut cake-soybean meal-based diets for 10 weeks. Three experimental diets (18%, 22% and 24% crude protein (CP)) were tested and compared with a control 20% CP diet, in a completely randomised design of four replicates per treatment. Each consisted of 10 quails/cage at 5 weeks of age. Parameters measured on each quail included feed intake, egg number and egg-quality characteristics. Data were subjected to general linear model, regression and Duncan multiple-range procedures for means separation by SAS®v9.4 (2013). Key results. Increasing dietary protein from 18% to 24% in the diet of experimental quails decreased daily feed intake, hen-day egg production (HDP) and average egg mass (AEM; P < 0.05) during egg lay, whereas egg weight and diameter, egg shell weight, albumen weight, height and percentage, and yolk height increased significantly (P < 0.05). The 18% CP diet produced the highest HDP and AEM responses (P < 0.05). The 20% CP diet produced the highest numerical shell and yolk percentages (P > 0.05). Birds on 22% CP diet consumed the lowest quantity of feed (daily feed intake, P < 0.05) and had the lowest feed conversion ratio (FCR, P > 0.05). Birds on 24% CP diet produced the highest egg weight and diameter, egg shell weight, albumen weight, height and percentage, and yolk height (P < 0.05). Haugh unit values were high and uninfluenced by an increasing dietary protein concentration (P > 0.05). The high and abovethreshold environmental temperature-humidity index value of the test station resulted in heat stress during egg production, and was considered major cause of the generally low productivity and low egg-trait values obtained. Conclusions. The 18% CP diet produced the highest HDP and AEM, while the 22% CP diet was the most efficiently utilised diet, and 24% CP diet stimulated higher egg-weight and egg-quality traits. Implications. Massive quail egg production could be sustained among rural people with the 18% CP diet, with adequate energy level, and without adverse effects on egg quality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Inclusion effect of various levels of jack mackerel meal (JMM) acting as feed attractants and/or stimulants in diets on the growth, feed consumption, feed utilization and whole body composition of rockfish was investigated. Three hundred juvenile rockfish were randomly allocated into 15 flow-through tanks. Five experimental diets supplemented with JMM at 0%, 1%, 3%, 5%, and 10% at the expense of anchovy meal were prepared and referred to as the JMM0, JMM1, JMM3, JMM5, and JMM10 diets, respectively. Weight gain, specific growth rate (SGR) and feed consumption of fish tended to improve with dietary levels of JMM. The greatest weight gain, SGR and feed consumption were observed in fish fed the JMM10 diet, followed by the JMM5, JMM3, JMM1, and JMM0 diets, in that order. Condition factor (CF) of fish tended to improve with dietary inclusion levels of JMM. Growth performance, feed consumption and CF of fish tended to improve with dietary inclusion levels of JMM ranging from 0% to 10%.

Copyright of Anbar Journal of Agricultural Sciences is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)