Search

1. The potential growth of modern turkey genotypes was measured using male and female BUT 6 (BUT) and Hybrid Converter (HYB) strains. At one-day-old, 720 male and 960 female poults were randomly allocated to 48 littered pens in two houses with 30 males or 40 females of each strain per pen. Five feeds of decreasing protein content were fed to both sexes during the growing period. 2. Birds were weighed at 1, 7, 14, 21, 35, 56, 77, 119 d (males only), 126 d (females only) and 140 d (males only) and, on each occasion, six birds were selected and removed for carcass analysis. 3. Growth was similar in both strains, but the growth rate of females appeared to decline relative to the earlier trajectory after 70 d, and this tendency being greater in HYB females. 4. HYB birds of both sexes had more feathers than BUT to 77 d, but thereafter these differences were non-significant. A single allometry between feather and body protein weight was observed over all genotypes with no differences apparent between sexes within strains. The Gompertz curve adequately described the growth of body protein, water and ash. 5. Body lipid (g/100g bodyweight) declined in the early stages of growth. This might reflect an energy deficiency in the diet or might indicate that the present description of lipid growth does not apply in turkeys as it does in other species. 6. Whereas the description of body growth, feather growth and the chemical components of growth given in this paper may not fully reflect the true potential of the genotypes used, nevertheless they provide useful information regarding the latest genotypes available in the turkey industry. Some of the observations suggested that current performance might be improved if further research is conducted regarding dietary energy transactions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Synthesis of m-WSC/FP-Cu and mechanism of degradation of 2-nitrobenzoic acid by m-WSC/FP-Cu with NaBH 4. • Wheat straw cellulose and feather protein were laboratory-exacted from biomass. • An eco-friendly ionic liquid solvent method was applied to dissolve biopolymers. • Biobased hydrogel protected Cu nanoparticles from aggregation and oxidization. • In situ synthesized magnetic hydrogel achieved recyclable and sustainable utilization. • In NaBH 4 -induced hydrogel-Cu catalysts system, 2-NA was reduced to 2-AA, a low toxic intermediate. Magnetic hydrogel derived from wheat straw cellulose (WSC) and feather protein (FP) was successfully derived from [Bmim]Cl ionic liquids for copper nanoparticles carrier to prepare magnetic hydrogel-Cu (m-WSC/FP-Cu). Morphology, structure and component of m-WSC/FP-Cu were characterized by different techniques (SEM, TEM, XRD, FTIR, VSM, etc.). The activity of m-WSC/FP-Cu were evaluated by employing them as catalysts for the reduction of 2-nitrobenzoic acid (2-NA) to a useful industrial intermediates, 2-aminobenzoic acid (2-ABA). Effect of experimental conditions, including m-WSC/FP-Cu dosage, 2-NA initial concentration, NaBH 4 dosage and temperature, were investigated. The m-WSC/FP-Cu exhibited maximum catalytic activity under conditions of 1.00 g m-WSC/FP-Cu, 100 mg/L 2-NA and 0.3 g NaBH 4. Besides, higher activity of m-WSC/FP-Cu was obtained at higher temperature. The activity of m-WSC/FP-Cu maintained 99.02% over 5 cycles utilization and 90.60% after 30 days storage, which exhibited excellent recyclability and stability. It is expected that the m-WSC/FP-Cu have the potential for treating organic wastewater cooperated with a catalyst regeneration device. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The use of cheap adsorbent has been studied as an alternative substitution of activated carbon for the adsorption of the organic pollutant from aqueous solution. In the present study, the effect of contact time, pH, initial concentration of humic acid, and temperature was tested for investigation of the humic acid removal efficiency of the feather protein granule as a low-cost adsorbent. The equilibrium time was 120 min. It was found that the removal efficiency depended on pH and the highest removal was 68.3 % at pH of 3.0. The equilibrium adsorption data fitted with linear of Freundlich and Langmuir isotherm models. The thermodynamic studies revealed the endothermic and spontaneous process in 298ºC. The feather protein granules were successfully used for the adsorption of humic acid from aqueous solution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hydrogels were synthesized from poultry feather protein by crosslinking ethylene diamine tetraacetic dianhydride (EDTAD)-modified feather protein isolate (FPI) with glutaraldehyde (Glu). Different molar ratios of EDTAD/FPI were used to obtain FPI of different degrees of acylate modification. Differential scanning calorimeter measurements of glass transition temperature suggested that hydrogel formation was based on the hydrogen bond between EDTAD-modified FPI segments. The swelling properties of modified FPI hydrogel were investigated in deionized water and in solutions of different salt contents (i.e., ionic strengths) and pH. An optimal swelling ratio (SR) of 63 g/g was obtained when molar ratios of EDTAD/FPI and Glu/FPI were 0.12 and 0.008, respectively. SR decreased substantially with increase in ionic strength, and at a given ionic strength, SR increased with solution pH in 4.0 to 10.0 range. The water transport mechanism of the hydrogel was also pH dependent and was controlled by Fickian diffusion and polymer relaxation. At higher pH value, the water transport profile became more dependent on polymer relaxation than at lower pH. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• FP- g -PSAS is prepared by building an APS/-SH groups redox system and characterized. • FP- g -PSAS shows strong adhesion to viscose and cotton fibers at 60 °C. • FP- g -PSAS as a new adhesive fulfills high-valued utilization of feather waste. • FP- g -PSAS can be used as a new bio-based protein sizing agent. Fulfilling high-valued utilization of feather wastes will favor overcoming environmental issues and promoting the poultry farmers' income. This study developed a new bio-based protein sizing agent [feather protein- g -poly(sodium allyl sulfonate) (FP- g -PSAS)] with high adhesion capacity to viscose and cotton fibers at low temperature, through graft copolymerization of feather protein with SAS monomer by building an ammonium persulfate (APS)/ SH groups (on the protein chains) redox system. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and energy dispersive x-ray spectrometer (EDS) demonstrated the successful preparation of FP- g -PSAS samples. The samples were also characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), thermogravimetric (TG) and x-ray diffraction (XRD). Viscosity, water-solubility, light transmittance and adhesion of the samples were investigated. The FP- g -PSAS exhibited high water-solubility and light transmittance. Compared with feather protein, an increased viscosity and an improved adhesion to both fibers for FP- g -PSAS samples were exhibited at 60 °C. With the rises in grafting ratios, viscosity and adhesion strengths to both fibers gradually increased. The FP- g -PSAS samples had the similar adhesion strengths in comparison with the modified starches investigated in our previous works. These results indicated that FP- g -PSAS showed the potential in the application of viscose and cotton warp sizing at a low temperature of 60 °C. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Unlabelled Image • Graft polymerization of feather protein with AA and PMA, respectively, for improving its adhesion to PLA fibers. • The PAA- g -FP- g -PMA can significantly improving the adhesion of feather protein to PLA fibers. • The PAA- g -FP- g -PMA is superior to FP- g -P(AA- co -MA) in improving the adhesion. • The PAA- g -FP- g -PMA used as an adhesive in warp sizing favors fulfilling the high-valued utilization of feather wastes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, feather was used as the source of protein and combined with copper and boron salts to prepare wood preservatives with nano-hydroxyapatite or nano-graphene oxide as nano-carriers. The treatability of preservative formulations, the changes of chemical structure, micromorphology, crystallinity, thermal properties and chemical composition of wood cell walls during the impregnation and decay experiment were investigated by retention rate of the preservative, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), scanning electronic microscopy-energy dispersive spectrometer (SEM-EDS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermoanalysis (TG), and confocal Raman microscopy (CRM) techniques. Results revealed that the preservatives (particularly with nano-carrier) successfully penetrated wood blocks, verifying the enhanced effectiveness of protein-based preservative with nano-carrier formulations. Decay experiment demonstrated that the protein-based wood preservative can remarkably improve the decay resistance of the treated wood samples, and it is an effective, environmentally friendly wood preservative. Further analysis of these three preservative groups confirmed the excellent function of nano-hydroxyapatite as a nano-carrier, which can promote the chelation of preservatives with higher content of effective preservatives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]