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Activation parenting (AP) is a parenting construct derived from research and theory on paternal caregiving that includes behaviors that challenge children to approach novel situations, explore their environments, and take physical and socioemotional risks through a balance of encouragement and limit‐setting. Although components of AP have been linked to different domains of children's self‐regulation skills, comprehensive measures of AP and longitudinal research on families from low socioeconomic backgrounds are lacking. These limitations greatly constrain our understanding of the potential benefits of paternal AP for children's self‐regulation development, including the maturation of inhibitory control (IC) in early childhood. Thus, the present study tested associations between paternal AP at age 3 and growth in parent‐reported IC across ages 3–5 in a sample of low‐income, ethnically diverse fathers. Participating fathers (N = 171; 9% Black, 47% White, 8% Latinx, 61% not Latinx; mean household income = $25,145) and their children (51% female) were drawn from the Early Steps Multisite Study. AP during a clean‐up task at child age 3 years, but not a teaching task, was associated with greater growth in IC across ages 3–5 years. Implications of the current findings are presented for understanding associations between paternal AP and children's IC and broader self‐regulation skills with diverse samples of caregivers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Paternal postnatal depression (PPND) is a critical mental health issue that may harm family members' health and relationships. The Edinburgh Postpartum Depression Scale (EPDS) is the most common self-reported questionnaire for postnatal depression screening among mothers and fathers worldwide. However, identifying fathers with postnatal depression and determining the related factors have been neglected in some countries. Aims: The present study aimed to determine the prevalence of PPND and then to identify its predictive demographic and reproductive factors. Two cut-off points (10 and 12) for the EPDS were used to detect PPND. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 400 eligible fathers selected via multistage sampling. Data were collected using a demographic checklist and the EPDS. Results: None of the participants had previously been screened for PPND. The mean age of the participants was 35.53 ± 5.47 years, and most of them were self-employed and had university degrees. The prevalence of PPND was 24.5% and 16.3% using the EPDS cut-off scores 10 and 12, respectively. An unwanted pregnancy and an abortion history were the predictors of PPND at both EPDS cut-off scores, with gravidity and the number of abortions also being associated with PPND at the cut-off score of 10. Conclusion: In line with the related literature, our results revealed a fairly high prevalence of PPND and its related factors. This indicates the need for a screening program for fathers during the postnatal period to detect and adequately manage PPND and prevent its adverse effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Little is known about the association of parental cardiovascular risk factors with the risk of obesity in offspring. We aimed to investigate whether parental ideal cardiovascular health (ICVH) status was associated with the risk of general and central obesity in their young/adult offspring. Of individuals who participated in the 2012-15 phase of the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study, 2395 pairs of parent-unmarried offspring aged ≥6 years were selected in this cross-sectional study. General and central obesity were defined based on Iranian BMI percentile reference data for offspring aged ≤18 years. For subjects aged ≥19 years, central obesity was defined based on the introduced cut-off points for Iranian adults. We employed the American Heart Association's 2020 impact goal criteria of ICVH. The mean ± SD age of fathers and mothers were respectively 55.4 ± 9.79 and 48.4 ± 9.88. About 55% of offspring were older than 19 years. Higher adherence to ICVH score in mothers was associated with lower risk of overweight/obesity in female offspring (OR for Q1-Q4: 1, 0.56, 0.57, 0.37, P < 0.05 for all quartiles). Among ICVH components, only ideal BMI status in fathers was observed to be associated with a lower risk of overweight/obesity in their male offspring. The risk of abdominal obesity decreased in female offspring with increasing total ICVH score in mothers. Higher adherence of parents to ICVH and its components was positively associated with a lower risk of general and abdominal obesity in their offspring. Our findings demonstrate that maternal-offspring relationship was stronger than paternal-offspring association. • Maternal ideal BMI was related to lower overweight and obesity in female offspring. • Absence of diabetes in mothers was related to lower obesity in female offspring. • Paternal ideal BMI status was related to lower risk of obesity in male offspring. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper contains thoughts on the journey a man undertakes when he becomes the father to a newborn child, and on the difficulties he faces. Drawing on both psychoanalytic theory and clinical experience the author considers the journey to fatherhood men undertake, exploring the need for them to tolerate change and loneliness as they support and protect the new mother-infant dyad. While infantile anxieties of abandonment may be aroused, the importance of the father's role in the newly established family is emphasised, particularly in relation to the child finding their own identity. Throughout the paper, parallels are drawn between the role of the father and the role of psychoanalyst or psychotherapist. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Activation parenting includes behaviors that challenge children to approach novel situations, explore their environments, and take physical and socioemotional risks through a balance of encouragement and limit-setting. Although components of activation parenting have been linked to lower levels of children's problem behaviors, comprehensive measures of activation parenting and longitudinal research on families from low socioeconomic backgrounds are lacking. The goal of the present study was to test associations between paternal activation parenting at age 3 and children's externalizing and internalizing problems at age 5 in a sample of low-income, ethnically diverse fathers. Participating fathers (N = 171; 9% Black, 47% white, 8% Latinx; mean household income = $25,145) and their children (51% female) were drawn from the Early Steps Multisite Study. Activation parenting during a teaching task at child age 3 was associated with lower levels of internalizing problems at age 5 and decreases in externalizing problems from baseline (age 2). Implications of the current findings are presented for future research on associations between activation parenting and child problem behaviors, including the potential for the development of prevention and intervention programs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Satisfaction with life is considered an essential indicator of quality of life and has implications not only for parents but also for the general health of society. It is relevant to know the factors that could explain differences in parents' satisfaction with life. The objectives of this study were to analyse the degree of satisfaction with life of a cohort of fathers 13–24 months after the birth of their child and to analyse the predictive capacity of sociodemographic, physical, psychological, and social factors on their long-term life satisfaction. This was a longitudinal study with follow-up at 6–12 months and at 13–24 months (n = 152 fathers). The Fatigue Assessment Scale, Athens Insomnia Scale, Parental Stress Scale and short version of the Dyadic Adjustment Scale were completed online at 6–12 months. Finally, Satisfaction with Life Scale was assessed between 13 and 24 months after birth. The mean score of life satisfaction of the participants 13–24 months after the birth of their child was 18.72 (SD = 3.71) and was negatively correlated with fatigue, insomnia, and stress (p < 0.01), and positively correlated with dyadic adjustment (p < 0.01). The final hierarchical regression model showed that educational levels and insomnia were the main predictive variables for life satisfaction during the second-year postpartum. This work has important implications for clinical practice because it allows health professionals to understand the factors influencing satisfaction with life and health among fathers and to plan more effective antenatal and postnatal care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highlights During the Covid‐19 pandemic new stressors were added to the usual challenges parents face, changing habits and reduced physical activity, all factors that negatively affect sleep quality in adults and children. This study examines (1) possible changes in the sleep‐wake patterns of parents and children before and after the March–May 2020 lockdown and during the new restrictions imposed by the Italian government in March 2021; (2) possible associations between children and parents' sleep quality reported by parents and intrinsic and extrinsic factors. A total of 264 Italian parents with children aged 1–6 years (M = 40 months, SD = 18.18) completed self‐report questionnaires. Children's sleep habits changed, and parental insomnia symptoms worsened after the March–May 2020 lockdown, while children's insomnia symptoms decreased. Positive associations between children's negative affectivity and insomnia symptoms emerged, as well as between generalized parental anxiety and parental insomnia symptoms and between parental fear of Covid‐19 and sleep‐related habits not in line with paediatric recommendations. Partner's involvement in children's care promoted good sleep habits. Results identified risks and protective factors that could impact Italian parents' and children's sleep during the second wave of the Covid‐19 pandemic, raising awareness among families, education practitioners, healthcare providers and the general public. Italian children's sleep habits changed, and parental insomnia symptoms worsened after the March–May 2020 lockdown, while children's insomnia symptoms decreased. During the second wave of the Covid‐19 pandemic, higher levels of children's temperamental negative affectivity were associated with higher levels of parental and children's insomnia, higher levels of parental anxiety, and the presence of children's sleep‐related habits not in line with pediatric recommendations. Partner's involvement in children's care promoted good and healthy children's sleep habits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of International Primary Education Research Journal is the property of International Primary Education Research Journal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective: Vaccines are the most effective tools in preventing childhood infectious diseases. Parents’ knowledge and attitudes about vaccines are fundamental factors influencing vaccination rates. While there are numerous studies about mothers, research examining fathers’ knowledge and attitudes on vaccines is limited. Our study aims to assess fathers’ knowledge and attitudes about vaccines administered in our country, determine their approach to vaccination, and understand their views on vaccine hesitancy. Methods: A cross-sectional and analytical study evaluating fathers’ knowledge and attitudes about vaccines was conducted between May and July 2022 among fathers visiting the pediatric clinic. After obtaining ethical approval, fathers were administered a questionnaire covering sociodemographic information, income, education level, number of children, fathers’ vaccine attitude, knowledge level, and non-routine vaccine considerations to assess their knowledge and attitudes about vaccines. Results: While 33% of participating fathers considered their vaccine knowledge good, 14.1% didn’t know their children’s vaccines, and 23% were unaware of vaccination timing. The majority of fathers used healthcare institutions and physicians for information about vaccines. While 17.3% experienced hesitancy about vaccinating their children, none outright refused. The most common reason for vaccine hesitancy (78.1%) was the fear of vaccine side effects. As parental education levels increased, the positive attitudes of fathers towards childhood vaccinations also increased. Conclusion: Vaccination plays a crucial role in maintaining public health. Providing accurate information to families is important to reduce vaccine hesitancy and increase vaccination rates. Healthcare professionals offering reliable information is an effective factor in fostering positive attitudes toward vaccines and increasing vaccination rates.

"Coming-of-age stories are linked to the concepts of rite of passage and boundary experience" (Driscoll 2011). Adolescence can be outlined as a developmental crisis, a fracture of the unconscious in which the search for one's identity necessarily passes through a collision with the parental imago. If contemporary teen dramas seem to have neutralized the conflict between parents and children, parental figures - and in particular the father figure - emerge as an instance to symbolize inherited guilt or a prescribed destiny in crime series starring young misfit anti-heroes. This paper aims to offer an investigation of two contemporary Italian coming-of-age crime dramas, Suburra. The series (Netflix, 2017-2020) and Bang Bang Baby (Prime Video, 2022), which explore the transition from adolescence to adulthood of young heirs of Italian criminal organizations, Darwinianically condemned to their own descent into the underworld due to the guilt inherited from their fathers. The investigation aims to combine interplaying methodologies: Murray Smith's (1995) three-level cognitive paradigm of engagement; the mechanism of engagement with antiheroes playing lead characters (Blanchet and Vaage 2012) as well as the developmental psychopathology approach to adolescence (Ammaniti 2010; Lingiardi and McWilliams 2008).

Abstract There are few studies on the parenting of fathers with autism traits. To investigate this issue, we examined the type of parenting performed by fathers with autism traits using data from a nationwide birth cohort study, the Japan Environment and Children’s Study. Paternal parenting was evaluated by mothers or caregivers when the child was 2 years old. Father’s autism traits were measured using the Japanese version of the self-administered Autism Spectrum Quotient. Logistic regression analysis was performed to statistically analyze the data. Fathers with autism traits were significantly less likely to prepare meals for their child and helping them eat (adjusted OR (aOR): 1.11, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.01–1.23), to helping the child change clothes (aOR: 1.17, 95% CI: 1.04–1.31). However, there were no associations between some parenting behaviors and autism traits (not changing diapers, not bathing with the child, and not playing with the child). Father’s communication skill difficulties by autism traits associated with a lower tendency to perform all types of parenting. Interestingly, there were association between difficulties with social skills or attention-switching and more performing change diapers. These results indicate it is important to respect the child-rearing that fathers with autistic tendencies are able to do, while supporting them in child-rearing that they are significantly less able to do than fathers without autistic tendencies.

The arrival of one's first child is a known risk factor for mental illness, yet investigations on fathers' mental health are limited. We conducted a longitudinal investigation on paternal depression and anxiety in the nine years surrounding the transition to fatherhood. Using a national cohort of French men (CONSTANCES, n = 6299), we investigated the prevalence and associated risk factors of mental illness amongst first-time fathers. Responses to the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression (CES-D) and 12-item General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12) scales were used to identify clinically significant symptom scores. Self-declared mental illness was also reported by participants. Group-based modelling was used to identify latent trajectory groups for both measures. Levels of self-declared anxiety (averaging 4.9 % pre-fatherhood, 7.8 % post) exceeded that of depression (1.9 % pre- fatherhood, 3.3 % post) or other disorders. However, rates of clinically significant symptom scores (17–27 %) were consistently higher. Participants' mental health appeared to worsen from two-years prior to their child's arrival and improve from two-years after. We identified three trajectory groups for fathers' self-declared mental illness: Low stable (90.3 %); Low risk with high temporary increase (5.6 %); and Consistent high risk (4.1 %). Risk factors associated with worsening mental health trajectories were unemployment, not living with one's partner, having had adverse childhood experiences and foregoing healthcare due to financial reasons. All measures of mental illness relied on participant self-reports and are thus subject to bias. This study reveals an important period of heightened psychological vulnerability amongst first-time fathers, emphasising the need for increased and better adapted paternal mental health screening. • Anxiety appeared consistently more prevalent than depression in first-time fathers. • Fathers' mental health appeared to worsen from two-years prior to fatherhood. • Most mental illness trajectories improved two-years after the first child's arrival. • Unemployment and barriers to healthcare associated with worsening mental health • Non-resident fathers had an increased risk of negative mental health trajectories. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examined the influence of parental cognition, including attitudes, beliefs, and understanding of anxiety, on emotion dysregulation in children with anxiety disorder. A total of 47 clinically anxious children (6–17 years old) and their parents were involved in the current study. The mothers and fathers separately completed a self-reported questionnaire assessing their attitudes, beliefs, and understanding of their children's anxiety, while the children completed a self-report questionnaire assessing emotion dysregulation. Pearson correlation and hierarchical regression analyses were used for data analysis. The results indicated that only fathers' higher levels of unhelpful attitudes, beliefs, and understanding of anxiety were positively and significantly associated with greater emotion regulation (ER) difficulties in anxious children. Furthermore, fathers' unhelpful cognitions regarding anxiety uniquely predicted their children's emotion regulation difficulties. These findings highlight the importance of including fathers in preventive and therapeutic interventions in promoting ER abilities in children with anxiety disorder. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The public persona of the 8th PM of Malaysia, Muhyiddin Yassin, was derived from the metaphorical framing of the Good Father archetype. Archetypes do not always lead to logical conclusions because issues are framed by focusing on specific aspects while avoiding those that are inconsistent with the metaphor. Metaphorical structures influence the way we perceive, think or act. Muhyiddin's abah persona can be described as monolithic. It normalizes the conservative Malay value that upholds the patriarchal role while marginalizing other ethnic or religious representations and their cultural and parenting practices. Muhyiddin had exploited this privileged position so as to further the asymmetrical power relation. The Malaysian collective fantasy of a Good Father is not uniform and Muhyiddin's abah was challenged by a Shadow Father counternarrative. This exploratory study is limited in achieving depth of understanding of gender roles representation but explores instead the strategic actors, namely Muhyiddin and his supporters, how they tried to build the image of a Good Abah, and how the narrative was negotiated and contested, as well as the ideologies that were promoted or reinforced by the father archetype. Findings include readers' polarized views of good father, low-key misogyny, the traditional and stereotyped expectation of men. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Background Lifestyle and habits, cardiovascular risk factors (CRF), bone and mental health, dietary habits, physical activity, among others are developed in childhood and adolescence. Family environment has shown to play an important role in these outcomes. However, whether the parent-child relationship lifestyle habits and health parameters can be influenced by physical activity patterns still unclear. The objective of this study will be to monitor and investigate the associations between lifestyle habits between parents and their children longitudinally, as well as verify whether in more active parents, the possible associations with lifestyle habits are different from those of parents considered less active. Methods The sample will consist of parents (father, mother, or both) and their children /adolescents. The participants will be recruited through public call by flyers spread across all the regions of the city and also through social media. The health parameters will include cardiovascular (cardiac autonomic modulation, blood pressure and resting heart rate), bone mineral density, anthropometric indices, handgrip strength, mental health (quality of life, anxiety and depression symptoms and stress), self-reported morbidities and musculoskeletal pain. Lifestyle habits will include physical activity levels, sedentary behavior, sleep parameters, eating patterns, smoking and alcohol consumption. Sociodemographic variables of age, sex, ethnicity and socioeconomic status will be considered as covariates. The follow-up visits of data collection will be scheduled after a period of 12 months from the baseline assessment during every twelve months. Discussion The family environment has great potential to determine lifestyle habits in children and adolescents. Based on the results presented in the present study, we hope that health promotion actions can be better designed in the family environment.

Copyright of Cuadernos del Centro de Estudios de Diseño y Comunicación is the property of Cuadernos del Centro de Estudios de Diseno y Comunicacion and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background: Lifestyle and habits, cardiovascular risk factors (CRF), bone and mental health, dietary habits, physical activity, among others are developed in childhood and adolescence. Family environment has shown to play an important role in these outcomes. However, whether the parent-child relationship lifestyle habits and health parameters can be influenced by physical activity patterns still unclear. The objective of this study will be to monitor and investigate the associations between lifestyle habits between parents and their children longitudinally, as well as verify whether in more active parents, the possible associations with lifestyle habits are different from those of parents considered less active. Methods: The sample will consist of parents (father, mother, or both) and their children /adolescents. The participants will be recruited through public call by flyers spread across all the regions of the city and also through social media. The health parameters will include cardiovascular (cardiac autonomic modulation, blood pressure and resting heart rate), bone mineral density, anthropometric indices, handgrip strength, mental health (quality of life, anxiety and depression symptoms and stress), self-reported morbidities and musculoskeletal pain. Lifestyle habits will include physical activity levels, sedentary behavior, sleep parameters, eating patterns, smoking and alcohol consumption. Sociodemographic variables of age, sex, ethnicity and socioeconomic status will be considered as covariates. The follow-up visits of data collection will be scheduled after a period of 12 months from the baseline assessment during every twelve months. Discussion: The family environment has great potential to determine lifestyle habits in children and adolescents. Based on the results presented in the present study, we hope that health promotion actions can be better designed in the family environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fathers' Fear of Childbirth Scale (FFCS) was developed specifically to measure fathers' fear of childbirth. The aim of this study was to investigate the Turkish validity and reliability of the FFCS. This study used a cross-sectional and methodological design. The population of the study consists of 315 pregnant spouses who were registered at a hospital in Ankara, Turkey, between August 11 and 5 November 2021. The mean age of expectant fathers are 31.57 (5.88). After translating the FFCS to Turkish, a confirmatory factor analysis was conducted to examine its construct validity. Concurrent validity was established by examining the correlation between the FFCS-Turkish with the Fear of Birth Scale (FOBS) and the male version of the Childbirth Fear-Prior to Pregnancy scale (M-CFPP). Both internal consistency and test-retest reliability were examined for the FFCS-Turkish. Results: The scope validity index of the scale was found to be 0.96. Based on the results of confirmatory factor analysis, a two-factor structure with 17 items was verified. The fit indices were found to be χ2 = 309.610, χ2/df = 2.76, root mean square error = 0.075, goodness of fit index = 0.89, comparative fit index = 0.93, and adjusted goodness of fit index = 0.86. All fit indices were at good levels. A strong correlation was found between the FFCS and the FOBS and M-CFPP scales within the scope of concurrent validity. Cronbach's alpha reliability coefficient for the entire scale was 0.93. The test-retest reliability was also high. The FFCS is a valid and reliable scale and measurement tool that can be used on Turkish expectant fathers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Stunting is an unresolved health problem in the world. There were 21.6% of stunted toddlers in Indonesia in 2022, with a higher proportion in rural areas than in urban areas. The mother's role mainly caused stunting. On the other hand, the role of fathers had not been reviewed much in previous research. Objectives: This study aims to analyze the role of fathers towards stunting among toddlers in rural areas. Methods: The study had a case-control design conducted from April to October 2019. This research involved two populations, namely the control population and the cases. The control population was all non-stunted toddlers aged 24-59 months who lived in Jombang Regency, while the case population was all stunted toddlers aged 24-59 months who lived in Jombang Regency. The authors applied a multistage random sampling. The sample consisted of 79 controls and 79 cases calculated based on the twopopulation proportion formula. Data were analyzed using the chi-square test, fisher exact test, and logistic regression with α = 5%. Results: Fathers with low education increased the risk of toddlers becoming stunted 2.407 times higher than fathers with high education (p = 0.010; OR = 2.407; 95% CI = 1.231-4.705). Fathers from large families were 1.971 times more likely to have stunted toddlers than fathers from small families (p = 0.042; OR = 1.971; 95% CI = 1.026-3.785). Conclusions: Stunting in toddlers was significantly influenced by father's education. The size of the family also affected a toddler's risk of stunting. Increasing school age should be a priority program for preventing stunting in rural areas. In addition, health campaigns regarding pregnancy planning and birth control need to be carried out on an ongoing basis to reduce the incidence of stunting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To foster gender equality and involve fathers in parenting, leave-from-work targeted at fathers has been implemented in many countries. In France, until 2021, fathers can avail of a statutory paid paternity leave of 11 working-days that must be taken within 4 months after childbirth. This article estimates the impact of this short-duration and large coverage paternity leave on the gender division of domestic and parental tasks. We measure the effect of paternity leave using the Elfe survey, a national cohort of children born in 2011. We take advantage of the timing of the 2-month survey: some fathers had already taken their leave, while others intended to but had not done so by then. Taking paternity leave leads to a more equal division of several parental tasks. It affects sharing of domestic activities only marginally. The effect on child-rearing tasks is greater for first-time parents and differs by father’s education level. Paternity leave may provide the opportunity to learn how to perform child-related tasks to fathers, and involving them early in parenting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Families of children with intellectual and developmental disabilities often face unique challenges that significantly impact their quality of life. Understanding the predictors of family quality of life (FQOL) is crucial for developing effective support systems and interventions. Aim: This study investigated the predictors that might influence the perception of families having a member with a disability regarding their quality of life (FQOL). Method: The sample consisted of 320 family members from the Riyadh region of Saudi Arabia. Results: The overall results showed that participants' satisfaction with FQOL was at a moderate level. Further results indicated that variables associated with severity, type of disability, and the mother's age and education were significant predictors of the FQOL. Conclusions: These results emphasize the importance of considering the variables that impact FQOL, such as the severity and type of disability, and mother's related variables, when directing support to families with a member with a disability. The recommendations and limitations of the study were discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: This study aimed to explore the core factors and configurations influencing parenting efficacy for fathers of children with ASD in Western China by using a configuration analysis. Background: Understanding the push-pull factors related to parenting efficacy for fathers raising children with ASD can support the fathers of children with ASD to participate in education affairs and improve the quality of family education, which is of significant importance to both individuals and society. This study recruited 156 fathers of children with ASD from China. Results: The results suggested that there was more than one (sub) configuration for achieving a high level of parenting efficacy among fathers of children with ASD. (b) The configurations could be summarized into three main types as follows: "working within the system*flexible working time," "high level of education*high level of other support," and "severe disability*fewer interaction with wife." (c) The two variables, "family income" and "community support," were not as important as they were shown in previous studies, and their effects often depended on how they interact with other variables. Conclusions: Findings highlighted the validity of deploying configuration analysis (based on the ecosystem theory) to establish the relationship between independent variables and the parenting efficacy of fathers of children with ASD. The discovery of more than one configuration led to a new consensus on how multiple factors influence parenting efficacy. Implications were suggested for practitioners, policymakers, and future research alike. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background/Objectives: Postpartum depression is usually defined as a major depressive episode that occurs shortly after childbirth. This condition is most commonly found in females; however, paternal postpartum depression has begun to attract more research attention. This study aims to identify different instruments for measuring this mental health problem and to detect risk factors as well as the main sources of resilience in paternal postpartum depression. Methods: A literature review was conducted following the PRISMA method. Results: After analyzing 10 articles, it was determined that the Edinburgh Postpartum Depression Scale is the most widely used instrument for the diagnosis of postpartum depression in the female population, and after several studies, it has already been validated for the male sex. After several studies were analyzed to highlight the main risk factors for paternal postpartum depression, it was established that the most influential factor is male gender role stress. These findings highlight the traditional role of fathers today. Most health professionals see the mother as the priority. Conclusions: Paternal depression is a major problem for mothers and fathers today, as well as for the newborn. As time goes on, there is a growing need to incorporate fathers into current and future mental health programs to be able to provide the necessary support. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Colonisation and apartheid in South Africa have left deep-rooted trauma in people, especially the black youth. Writer Sindiwe Magona explores the aftermath of apartheid in her novel Mother to Mother (1998), tracing familial and generational tragedies. This article, while exploring the consequences of apartheid, focuses on the role of the absent father and the abusive government in the context of the text. Set around the event of the murder of anti-apartheid activist Amy Biehl in 1993 in Gugulethu, this article investigates the politically volatile environment which impacted black youth psychologically and gives particular attention to the effects of abandonment by a father in the formative years of a child. Therefore, this article explores the nuances of apartheid which impacted the young people to perpetrate further violence, incited by the unjust and racially biased government and the abandonment of fathers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to determine the relationship between the fetal sex preferences of pregnant women and fathers and their prenatal levels of attachment to the fetus. This analytical and cross-sectional study was carried out with 152 married couples between 07/01/2022 and 02/01/2023. The study data were collected using information forms prepared for pregnant women and prospective fathers, the Maternal-Fetal Attachment Inventory (MFAI) for pregnant women, and the Paternal Antenatal Attachment Scale (PAAS) for prospective fathers. In the study, it was determined that attachment related to some individual and fetal sex characteristics of pregnant women and prospective fathers was correlated and that male fetal sex increased the levels of prenatal attachment in both pregnant women and prospective fathers (p<0.05). This study provides important results in predicting the levels of attachment of pregnant women and prospective fathers according to fetal sex after fetal sex is determined in the prenatal period. Gender training to be given by midwives can be effective in improving the awareness of individuals in the prenatal period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Home Economics of Japan is the property of Japan Society of Home Economics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Mediterranean Journal of Gender & Women's Studies (KTC) / Akdeniz Kadın Çalışmaları ve Toplumsal Cinsiyet Dergisi is the property of Mediterranean Journal of Gender & Women's Studies (KTC) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Couplets have long been recognized as a feature of Hebrew literature and of the Our Father (the Lord's Prayer). However, their use in the Our Father may be greater than has previously been noted. In addition, concepts such as kingdom, Father and evil can have wider connotations in this context. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of the systematic review and meta‐analysis is to determine the stress and stressors experienced by the parents of high‐risk neonates admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) in India. We included both quantitative and qualitative studies. The Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Checklist and Critical Appraisal Skill Programme checklist were used to assess the quality of included studies. A systematic search was conducted in PubMed, EMBASE, SCOPUS, EBSCOhost, Web of Science, ProQuest, Microsoft Academic, DOAJ, Indian Citation Index, and J‐Gate to identify relevant studies. Additionally, online hand searching was performed on Indian websites of relevant institutions, women and child health departments, repositories, registries, and paediatric journals. Twelve of the 21 quantitative studies found that maternal stress was higher than fathers due to the separation from their babies and the medical condition of the neonate. One qualitative study reported that financial burden, alterations in the parenting role, and concern over domestic issues are significant causes of fathers' stress. A meta‐analysis of the included studies assessed the prevalence of maternal, paternal, and parental stress and reported that mothers experienced higher stress levels than fathers across all subscales. The most typical stressors for parents were changes in neonatal looks, behaviour, and altered parental roles. Beyond the immediate NICU care and interactions, other triggering factors of stress among parents must be considered to design multicomponent interventions in a local (Indian) context. Moreover, parental psychological support and regular counselling can be incorporated into the standard neonatal intensive care policy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective This study aimed to examine the developmental process by which fathers of twin infants settle into the parental role between the time they learn of the pregnancy and the age of three months to approximately one year and to find ways to help fathers assume the parental role from the early stages of pregnancy. Methods Web-based semi-structured interviews using the interview guide were conducted with 10 fathers of twins. The interview content was transcribed verbatim and labeled. Data were classified and analyzed using the Trajectory Equifinality Model. Results Seven participants were observed to be first-time fathers, and three were experienced in child-rearing. The analysis indicated nine essential paths and junctures. Fathers experienced surprise more than joy when they learned of the pregnancy, and experienced emotional suppression. The fathers were [concerned about the physical risk to the mother and fetus] after their wives became pregnant with multiple children, and they [supported their wives who were in physically unstable condition], but they were [unable to imagine fathering twins during the pregnancy]. When [the twins were born and he became the father], [he confirmed that they were twins through photos and videos during the post-delivery hospitalization]. After [the children were discharged from the hospital], [he and his wife began to raise their children together], and [as they faced the harsh reality of child-rearing], [he felt the burden of child-rearing], they demonstrates ingenuity [explored his role as a father]. As time progressed, they gathered inner strength and grew into their roles as fathers of the twins. Discussion and Conclusion Existing studies have revealed the child-rearing experiences and mental health status of fathers of multiple births. However, this study also clarified the developmental process observed among fathers from when they learned of the pregnancy to the present when they assumed their parental role, in addition to their child-rearing experience and mental health. The study results indicate that fathers must learn about the implications of "multiple births" from the gestational period and prepare themselves for child-rearing to assume the parental role confidently. Fathers need to cultivate emotional skills to deal with various conflicts that arise in child-rearing. Additionally, practicing parenting as a couple is essential for family bonding. Understanding and supporting the developmental process of fatherhood is crucial to strengthen the parental partnership between couples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to elucidate the challenges faced in the exercise of male homoparenting, through an integrative literature review. Following PRISMA guidelines, empirical studies from the last 22 years were analyzed, independently collected by four researchers using the PubMed and APA PsychNet databases, with the descriptors “Homosexuality, Male” and “Father”. The results reveal the unique and complex reality faced by homosexual men in the parental context. While some studies highlight significant challenges, such as stigmas and social prejudices, others do not observe such difficulties. The decision to become a father among homosexual men is influenced by factors specific to their reality, in a context where parenthood is not widely accepted. The findings of this study emphasize the need to understand the complex interactions among individual, social, and cultural factors in male homoparenting. In summary, this study highlights the need for inclusive and diversity-sensitive approaches to support family well-being. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Nursing Sciences is the property of Turkiye Klinikleri and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Annals of Social Sciences / Roczniki Nauk Społecznych is the property of Towarzystwo Naukowe KUL & Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawla II and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Research Framework: A Legitimist representative under the Second Republic (1848-1852), Paul de Dieuleveult (1799-1867) embodied the traditional Western notable in the mid-19th century. His privileged social position marks the culmination of a social ascent begun by his father, François-Marie, in Tréguier, Côtes-du-Nord.Objectives: To examine the importance of family heritage in the Legitimist commitment of Paul de Dieuleveult and his fellow Legislative deputies.Methodology: To achieve this, we will draw on the work of our thesis (Stefanelly, 2013) and on the biographical notes of parliamentarians.Results: Paul de Dieuleveult’s commitment to the Legitimist cause was determined by his family background. His father rose socially through his medical activities, his two successive marriages, his attainment of a noble title and the exercise of local responsibilities under the Restoration. Paul belongs to this lineage. Thanks to him, he has considerable material and land assets. His marriage enables him to complete alliances with the region’s prominent families. His entry into politics in the final years of the Restoration period gave concrete expression to his legitimist commitment. The July Monarchy marked a political break, but he returned to the forefront of local political life in 1848 and became a member of parliament. During his term of office, he endeavored to build on his political base by preserving community unanimity.Conclusion: Many of his fellow Legitimists in the West, birthplace of Legitimism, are part of a family heritage. A minority of them have less marked family antecedents and have emerged socially thanks to their abilities.Contributions: The family dimension is essential to understanding the political commitment of a legitimist representative under the Second Republic, even if this is not true in all cases, and the individual psychological dimension is a factor to be taken into account.

Reseach framework: In France’s Pas-de-Calais coalfield, the Communist Party structured itself by politicizing local communities. By investing in families, it made possible “native” political socialization.Objectives: This article focuses on the role of family ties in shaping and transforming political involvements. Methodology: Thanks to a biographical interview with a former French Communist Party (FCP) activist in specific site and historical context, the aim is to reconstruct a trajectory which sheds light on the mechanisms of partisan attachment and then detachment.Results: Irène Delvaux, born in 1936 in the Pas-de-Calais coalfield, where the FCP was strengthening its influence at the time, is a “native” communist: born into a committed family, her militant socialization began with her primary socialization. Daughter of a mineworker who became a trade union leader, a Communist executive and leader, then a member of parliament and mayor, she inherited a “red” politicization. Although she describes the context of her youth as “stalinist” and “sectarian” in retrospect, her story is marked by boundless admiration for her father, whom she describes as a devoted self-taught man and exemplary activist. Having become a municipal employee, she got involved with the party’s “base” and adopted its “openness” policies. In the 1990s, this position put her at odds with federal political direction. While this disagreement contributed to her break with the FCP in 1996, the feeling of non-recognition of her father by local activists precipitated her exit.Conlusion: This trajectory of a Communist woman, which is inextricably bound up with socio-historical and affective logics (formation of a working-class political staff, strategic developments and partisan divisions, loyalty to a father who embodied domestic as well as political authority, succession of generations in Communist dynasties, inheritance management), sheds light on the ways in which family ties affect the partisan bond, and vice versa.Contribution: As part of an oral history project, this text is a contribution to the sociology of socialization.

With reference to Lamb's model of father involvement, the present study aimed to examine the relationship between father involvement and children's temperament. A relational survey model was used in this research. A total of 325 fathers, who had a child in the preschool period, were included in the study. As data collecting tools, the Demographic Information Form, Father Involvement Scale, and Short Temperament Scale for Children were utilized. According to research results, there is a significantly positive relationship between the arbitrary occupation sub-dimension of father involvement and the persistence temperament trait. In another result, there was found to be a significant negative relationship between the arbitrary occupation sub-dimension of father involvement and the reactivity temperament trait. The results revealed also that the reactivity and persistence sub-dimensions of temperament had predictive effects on the father involvement attention and closeness sub-dimension. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: Human reproduction, as well as that of all mammals, involves the union of two cells, the male sperm and the female egg, which give rise to a new organism that will grow for about 280 days inside the mother's body. Most research on pregnancy, its complications, and diseases of the unborn child and newborn has focused, appropriately enough, on maternal conditions and the interaction between mother and child, leaving the father with only the role of depositing his genetic material at the moment of conception. This study aims to compile the research that has dealt with the father's role in determining a good or bad course of pregnancy and birth. From this perspective, the father can be a "good father" or a "bad father" not only because of his hereditary genetic heritage, but also because of how he lives, how he feeds, and how he eats; in short, if a man takes care of his health, he is already taking care of his children's health. Pregnancy is generally studied as a biological interaction between a mother and a fetus; however, the father, with his characteristics, lifestyle, genetics, and living environment, is by no means unrelated to the outcome of pregnancy. The half of the fetal genetic heritage of paternal derivation can be decisive in cases of inherited chromosomal disorders, and can be the result of de novo genetic alterations. In addition to the strictly pathological aspects, paternal genetics may transmit thrombophilic traits that affect the implantation and vascular construction of the feto-placental unit, lead to placenta-mediated diseases such as pre-eclampsia and fetal growth retardation, and contribute to the multifactorial genesis of preterm delivery. Biological aspects of immunological tolerance to paternal antigens also appear to be crucial for these pathologies. Finally, this review describes the biological findings by which the environment, exposure to pathogens, lifestyle, and nutritional style of the father affect fetal pathophysiological and epigenetic definition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ASD constitutes a persistent mental disorder that significantly impacts family dynamics, involving both parents and siblings. Limited research has delved into the dynamics of how siblings undergo the process of accepting a father with an ASD child. This study aims to investigate the unique process of paternal acceptance in the context of children with ASD. Utilizing a case study approach, in-depth interviews will be conducted with 8 fathers of ASD children. The acceptance journey for fathers in the realm of ASD differs from the stages outlined in Ross' theory. Fathers traverse a stage of confusion followed by the realistic stage, contemplating the subsequent steps and actions to optimize the development of their ASD children. While fathers may not be directly involved in day-to-day parenting tasks, they exhibit commitment by providing financial support, monitoring their children's ASD development, and realistically preparing for their future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The historical influence of environmental factors on families has received relatively little scholarly attention. In this article we explore the impact of the 'natural' or 'more-than-human' world on Australian families through one of the most powerful examples of environmental influence: disasters. We take three case studies as our focus: Cyclone Tracy (1974), the 2011 Queensland Floods and the 2019-20 Black Summer Fires. Our primary source materials are oral history interviews with Australian parents, some of which are archived interviews in cultural collections and some of which are contemporary interviews newly-created for this research. Through these case studies spanning half a century, we analyse change and continuity in the ways in which disasters have been experienced and remembered by Australian parents. While parents consistently shoulder an additional burden during disaster by caring for children, the ways they do so are distinctly gendered and have remained so across time. But as disasters increase in frequency, ferocity and severity in an era of climate change, the way parents understand, respond and prepare for environmental crises is shifting. Australian parents increasingly see their childrearing duties as encompassing consideration of extreme weather in locating or renovating a family home, practicing evacuation drills, and anticipating potential disasters in planning family holidays. Awareness of climate risks is even influencing reproductive decisions about family size or whether to become a parent. We hypothesise that shifts in individual parent's disaster experiences may be collectively changing Australian cultural ideals of 'good' parenthood in the twenty-first century. Research conducted at the intersection of the history of the family and environmental history is becoming urgently significant in the present-day, as we seek to make sense of rapid environmental change and its personal and cultural impacts on our human lives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study was to describe the impact of COVID-19 on fatherhood experiences during pregnancy. A semi-structured interview guide was developed to collect qualitative data from fathers about their experiences in pregnancy and prenatal care, how they communicated with providers, strategies for information seeking, and social support they received during the pregnancy. One-time, virtual interviews were conducted via Zoom with fathers that were either expecting a baby or fathers who had a baby after March 2020 and were 18 years or older. Thematic analysis was used to identify themes that highlighted the fatherhood experience. In total, 34 interviews with new or expectant fathers were completed. Two central themes that highlight the experiences of fathers: missed opportunities to shift toward family-centered care and inequity in the parent dyad during pregnancy. Additional supporting themes included: limited patient-provider relationship, lack of telemedicine use, inadequate uncertainty management for parents, unidirectional information sharing between parents, and limited opportunities for achieving role attainment during pregnancy. The COVID-19 pandemic created a decision point for prenatal care. Instead of focusing on family-centered practices, prenatal care exclusively centered on the mother and fetus, resulting in problematic experiences for fathers including limited access to information about the pregnancy and health of the mother and fetus, heightened stress related to COVID-19 safety requirements, and few opportunities to attain their role as a father. Prenatal care should actively seek robust strategies to improve family-centered care practices that will withstand the next public health emergency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Smallholder farmers continue to face food and nutrition insecurity. The timing, scope and effectiveness of interventions is influenced by decisionmaking and roles within households and communities, yet emphasis has majorly been placed on mothers. A cross-sectional study explored the child feeding practices and extent of the father's participation in child feeding among 433 farming households with children aged 6-35 months from two rural and two peri-urban districts in Central Uganda. Diets consumed by children were inadequate with only 37% meeting the minimum dietary diversity. About 65% of fathers participated in decision-making over child feeding with 10% all the time and 24% only a few times. Additionally, 48% of fathers participated in actual child feeding, 2% all the time and 23% only a few times. Main reasons for the level of father participation included the presence or absence of money or food; concern or lack of concern over the child's health; father's physical availability; and whether child feeding is part of a father's responsibility or not. Fathers who participated in decisionmaking regarding child feeding were more likely to participate in actual child feeding (r=0.6, P<0.01). There is an opportunity for active engagement of fathers in nutrition-related interventions to enhance their participation and support in decisions concerning child feeding and actual child feeding for enhanced child and household food and nutrition security. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although fathers are strongly encouraged to get involved in parenthood since pregnancy, there is still little research on the perinatal experience of fatherhood. In order to better understand and appreciate the experience of fathers during the first months after their child's birth, in this study we investigated the links between perceived social support, sense of parental efficacy and postpartum depression. Similar to studies on mothers, several risk factors may increase the fathers' vulnerability to the development of postpartum depression symptoms. The objective of this study was to determine whether higher levels of perceived social support and sense of parental efficacy are predictive of lower levels of postpartum depression symptoms in a sample of fathers living in France. The study population is made up of 376 fathers aged 18 to 59 years old, living in France, and having had a child in the past 6 months. Fathers answered to measures of depression symptoms (Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale), perceived social support (Social Provisions Scale), and sense of parental efficacy (Parenting Expectations Survey). In accordance with our hypotheses, fathers who reported the lowest perceptions of their parental efficacy and the lowest levels of perceived social support are those who reported the highest levels of postpartum depression symptoms. Low levels of perceived social support and of sense of parental efficacy predicted higher postpartum depression symptoms in fathers. Multiple linear regression analyses also showed that the oldest fathers in our sample (30 years and more) had the highest depression scores, as well as lower levels of perceived social support and sense of parental efficacy than younger fathers. Primiparous fathers had higher postpartum depression scores and lower parental efficacy scores than multiparous fathers. The considerable involvement of fathers in the study and the large size of our sample are strengths of our study that substantiate the interest of fathers in issues related to their parenthood, well-being and mental health. Our results encourage caregivers to give them more attention and well-tailored support to better respond to their specific needs during the transition to parenthood. Couple and individualized care for each parent should be proposed throughout the perinatal period in order to promote parental social support and sense of parental efficacy, particularly for first-time fathers, and to prevent postpartum disorders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We aimed to identify parents' dental anxiety trajectories and the association of the trajectories with the number of parents' and their children's oral healthcare procedures in the FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study. Dental anxiety was measured with the Modified Dental Anxiety Scale at gestational weeks (gw) 14 and 34, as well as 3 and 24 months (mo) after childbirth. Oral healthcare procedures from gw14 to 24 mo were obtained from the national patient data register and categorized as preventive and treatment. Trajectories were identified with latent growth mixture modelling for 2068 fathers and 3201 mothers. Associations between trajectories and procedures adjusted for education were analyzed using unordered multinomial logit models. Fathers' trajectories were stable low (80.1%), stable high (3.4%), stable moderate (11.0%), moderate increasing (3.9%) and high decreasing (1.6%). Mothers' trajectories were stable low (80.7%), stable high (11.2%), moderate increasing (5.3%) and high decreasing (2.8%). Mothers with decreasing dental anxiety had a higher number of preventive and treatment procedures. Fathers with decreasing dental anxiety had a higher number of preventive and treatment procedures, while fathers with increasing dental anxiety had fewer procedures. Children of mothers with stable low dental anxiety had higher number of preventive procedures. There seems to be a two-way association between dental anxiety trajectories and oral healthcare procedures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study was to evaluate the concordance of parents' assessments of their child's dental fear. Cross-sectional secondary analysis used data from the multidisciplinary FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study. Child dental fear was assessed at age 5 with the Finnish translation of the modified Children's Fear Survey Schedule Dental Subscale (CFSS-M) by both fathers (n = 588) and mothers (n = 1100). Reply alternatives were from 1 = not afraid to 5 = very afraid and 6 = no experience coded as missing and 1. In total, 514 mother–father pairs were eligible for the analyses. Descriptive statistics, percentage agreement and Cohen's Kappa coefficients were used in the analyses. The concordance of parents' assessments was poor (Kappa range 0.072–0.258). The majority of parents replied "No Experience" to items related to invasive treatment or being unable to breathe. Thus, coding of this reply alternative had a significant impact on the mean values of the child's fear. When assessing the fear of a five-year-old child, it might not be safe to rely only on one parent's assessment, and whether or not the child has experience with the question asked should also be considered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background The knowledge on vertical human papillomavirus (HPV) transmission is limited. We aimed to determine whether HPV transmission from parents to their offspring occurs before or during birth. Methods Altogether, 321 mothers, 134 fathers, and their 321 newborn offspring from the Finnish Family HPV study cohort were included. Parents' genital and oral brush samples and semen samples were collected for HPV testing at baseline (36 weeks of pregnancy). Oral, genital, and umbilical samples from the newborn and placenta samples were collected for HPV testing immediately after delivery. HPV risk for the newborn was calculated from the mother's and father's HPV status by using logistic regression analyses. Results Concordances between mothers' and their newborns' HPV genotype at any site were statistically significant with HPV-6, -16, -18, -31, and -56; odds ratios (ORs) ranged from 3.41 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.80–6.48) for HPV-16 to 634 (95% CI, 28.5–14 087) for HPV-31. Father–newborn HPV concordance was statistically significant with HPV-6 and HPV-31 (ORs, 4.89 [95% CI, 1.09–21.9] and 65.0 [95% CI, 2.92–1448], respectively). Conclusions The genotype-specific HPV concordance between parents and their newborn is suggestive for vertical HPV transmission. However, transmission from the father to the newborn remains more uncertain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Exclusive breastfeeding for the first 6 months followed by ongoing breastfeeding to 12 months and beyond is associated with multiple benefits for both mother and child. Maternal smoking is associated with a reduction in breastfeeding. Little is known about the effect of partner smoking on breastfeeding. Aims: This study explores the smoking behaviour of mothers and their partners in the first two years of a child's life and its associations with breastfeeding practice. Materials and Methods: We performed a secondary data analysis using survey data on 1155 mothers from their third trimester of pregnancy and at six, 12 and 24 months after delivery. Survey questions included smoking status of both mother and partner and breastfeeding intention and practice. Logistic regression models were conducted at each time point. Findings: Where the mother or both parents smoke, babies were less likely to be breastfed at six months of age (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 0.29, 95% CI: 0.13–0.66) compared with families where neither parent smoked. Non‐smoking mothers with smoking partners were less likely to intend to breastfeed (aOR 0.29, 95% CI: 0.11–0.82) and their babies were less likely to be breastfed at six and 12 months of age (aOR 0.64, 95% CI: 0.42–0.98 and 0.64, 95% CI: 0.43–0.95 respectively). There was no difference in breastfeeding behaviour between smoking and non‐smoking parents at 24 months. Conclusion: Smoking parents are less likely to breastfeed their babies at ages six and 12 months. Breastfeeding promotion should target both smoking mothers and smoking partners. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examines the stability of child attachment to mothers and fathers separately, and to both parents as a network between the infancy and preschool periods using a sample of 143 biparental families and their children (73 boys) recruited from the general population. Attachment was assessed at 15 months with the Strange Situation Procedure (SSP) and at 45 months with the Preschool Attachment Classification Coding System (PACS). First, results show no stability in attachment to mothers, to fathers, or to both parents as a network. Second, parents’ mental health, life satisfaction, marital satisfaction, and child externalizing behavior are associated with attachment stability. Taken altogether, group comparisons reveal that children with a stable secure attachment to both parents as a network have parents with higher levels of well-being and exhibit less problem behaviors than children with 1) a stable secure attachment to one parent and an unstable attachment to the other parent (from secure to insecure or from insecure to secure), or 2) who never had a stable secure attachment to either parent. This study highlights the significance of attachment to both parents as a network over time as it is associated with developmental outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Disability does not simply affect the health status of the individual who directly experiences that condition, but it has important consequences on the health and well-being of the other family members as well. Focusing on Italy, an extremely interesting test-bed due to its strong familialist welfare regime, we show significant spillover effects of children's disability on parental health and well-being. Methods We use data from a nationally representative household survey on almost 13 000 mothers and fathers and adopt a multivariate regression setting providing evidence that the disability of a child is negatively associated with parents' health and life satisfaction. Results Parents of a disabled child report lower levels of general and mental health, as well as lower levels of well-being compared with parents with a healthy child. Strong heterogeneity by gender and socio-economic characteristics is observed, with mothers being more affected by the disability status of the child than fathers. The estimated coefficients suggest that education remains an important protective factor even for parents of a disabled child. Conclusion This study claims and documents that child disability is an overlooked source of health disadvantage for parents. Such disadvantage is especially relevant for mothers and lower-educated parents, evidence that suggests the importance of taking an intersectional approach to study health disparities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A growing body of literature highlights the important role of paternal health and socioemotional characteristics in child development, from preconception through adolescence. Much of this research addresses the indirect effects of fathers, for instance, their influence on maternal behaviors during the prenatal period or via the relationship with their partner. However, emerging evidence also recognizes the direct role of paternal health and behavior for child health and adjustment across development. This critical review presents evidence of biological and sociocultural influences of fathers on preconception, prenatal, and postnatal contributions to child development. The National Institutes of Health Environmental influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) program incorporates in its central conceptualization the impact of fathers on family and child outcomes. This critical synthesis of the literature focuses on three specific child outcomes in the ECHO program: health outcomes (e.g., obesity), neurodevelopmental outcomes (e.g., emotional, behavioral, psychopathological development), and positive health. We highlight the unique insights gained from the literature to date and provide next steps for future studies on paternal influences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]