Search

Examination of natural quinone dyes and their dyeing properties exist in the literature. However, disperse dyeing of synthetic quinone dyes on textile materials and examination of these properties are quite rare. In this study, the derivatives of new N-,O-heteroatom-substituted-1,4-naphthoquinone dyes were synthesized with the reactions between 2,3-dichloro-1,4-naphthoquinone with some aromatic and aliphatic N-nucleophiles according to Michael addition mechanism and the exact structure of dyes were specified by using various spectroscopic methods (FT-IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, MS, and UV/Vis.) and microanalyses. In the second step of this work, the polyethylene terephthalate fabrics were dyed with these newly synthesized disperse dyes. Dyeing performances such as dye exhaustion (%), color, and color fastness (to washing, alkaline perspiration, acidic perspiration, water, seawater, wet rub, dry rub, sublimation, and light fastness) properties of these dyes on PET fiber fabrics were investigated and compared. The highest color yield (K/S) by 12.33 was obtained with dye compound 10 at a dyeing depth of 3% owf and displayed better dyeing performance than the other dyes studied. In conclusion, PET fibers dyed with dye 2-4-(4-Chlorofenoxyaniline)-3-chloro-1,4-naphthoquinone (dye compound 10) displayed the highest dye exhaustion (%) values, the highest color yields, and excellent washing, perspiration (alkaline and acidic), water and seawater and rub (dry and wet) fastness values with no staining whatsoever. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The investigation of novel strategies to combat harmful bacteria is warranted given the serious threat that antimicrobial resistance poses to world health. Out of all of these, treating textile materials with antimicrobial compounds has attracted a lot of attention due to its potential to stop the spread of infectious diseases. The goal of this study was to evaluate how silk and lyocell materials' inherent antibacterial qualities might be improved by giloy dyeing and lemon mordanting. The goal of mordanting was to improve dye adhesion by using only natural ingredients such as citrus lemon extract. Using dye from Azadirachta indica, which was made by aqueous boiling, Lyocell and Silk materials were dyed under various circumstances. Following Giloy dyeing and Lemon mordanting, the antibacterial efficiency significantly improved, notably against common infections like Klebsiella pneumoniae and Staphylococcus aureus, according to the results. Furthermore, the study assessed washing and perspiration fastness capabilities, which yielded positive results and confirmed the method's feasibility. This method has the potential to considerably improve infection control measures in textiles, particularly in fields focused on public health and cleanliness. Given the serious issue of antimicrobial resistance, adopting new textile treatments like this can help to build effective and sustainable solutions. Future studies can investigate further uses and adjustments, assuring its adaptability and wider adoption across many environments.

The viability of reactive dyeing in the same bath without draining the liquor after enzymatic bio-treatment has been investigated. The comparative impact of applying the one-bath bio-treatment and dyeing method using two sets of commercially available polyfunctional and bifunctional trichromatic reactive dyes has been studied and the findings are compared with the two-bath conventional process. Three dyeing recipes in Maroon, Olive and Brown colour combinations of dyed fabrics are evaluated with respect to the colour strength, colourimetric data and fastness properties. The produced one-bath bio-treated and dyed samples show fairly high colour strength and satisfactory colour difference values as compared to the conventional method. The polyfunctional trichromatic reactive dye class is found more sensitive to the type of pretreatment and dyeing method used, imparting slightly higher colour difference values as compared to those of the bifunctional reactive dye class. The design and application of the one-bath Bio-method could provide a significant approach for demanding viscose fabric pretreatment and trichromatic reactive dyeing at reduced time, water and energy parameters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Natural dyes offer a bio-based opportunity to support the attractive coloration of textile fabrics made from natural fibers like cotton, wool, hemp, and many other textile materials. They can be part of a strategy to realize fully bio-based textiles and clothing materials. In line with this statement, the following study investigates the use of wood extracts for dyeing cotton fabrics. Specifically, extract powders of logwood (Haematoxylon campechianum L.), brazilwood (Caesalpinia spp.), and quebracho wood (Schinopsis lorentzii) are used. The aim of the study is to evaluate which colorations can be obtained by the application of those wood extracts and what fastness properties are reached. For this, different modified process parameters and mordants are evaluated. The dyeing process is modified using different mordants based on iron and aluminum salts. These mordants are applied in pre-, meta-, or post-mordant procedures. The color and fastness properties of prepared textile samples are determined by spectroscopic measurements, color measurements, washing procedures, and a Xenotest for measuring the light fastness. Ultimately, it is shown that a broad range of colorations can be realized through different combinations of wood extracts and mordanting procedures. Notably, stronger color depths are reached with pre- and meta-mordanting compared to post-mordanting. Good wash fastness is obtained for some color shades. However, with post-mordanting, better wash fastness can be achieved. The light fastness of the realized samples is only moderate to low. In conclusion, it can be stated that dyes from wood extracts are excellent materials to dye natural fibers if they are combined with the right mordanting agent in pre- or meta-mordanting procedures. The present study is therefore a good proof-of-concept for the realization of fully bio-based colored textile materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

1-(3-aryl)-3-(dimethylamino)prop-2-en-1-one (enaminones) derivatives and the diazonium salt of para-chloroaniline were used to synthesize several novel disperse azo dyes with high yield and the use of an environmentally friendly approach. At 100 and 130 °C, we dyed polyester fabrics using the new synthesized disperse dyes. At various temperatures, the dyed fabrics' color intensity was assessed. The results we obtained showed that dyeing utilizing a high temperature method at 130 °C was enhanced than dyeing utilizing a low temperature method at 100 °C. Reusing dye baths once or twice was a way to achieve two goals at the same time. The first was obtaining a dyed product at no cost, and the second was a way to treat the wastewater of dyeing bath effluents and reuse it again. Good results were obtained for the fastness characteristics of polyester dyed with disperse dyes. When the disperse dyes were tested against certain types of microbes and cancer cells, they demonstrated good and encouraging findings for the potential to be used as antioxidants and antimicrobial agents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Growing concern about the environmental effects of metal mordants and synthetic dyes is encouraging the use of bio-mordants and natural colorants. Cinnamon bark is a rich source of natural colorants such as cinnamaldehyde and tannins. The main purpose of this research was to study and compare the effect of bio-mordants versus metal mordants in terms of colorimetric parameters and color fastness properties of cinnamon bark on wool fibers. Accordingly, some bio-mordants, including date kernel, peppermint, banana peel, and artemisia, as well as some metal mordants like aluminum potassium sulphate and copper sulphate, were studied based on three conventional mordanting methods (pre-, meta-, and post-mordanting). The results indicated that the conjunction of metal mordants and polyphenolic bio-mordants with cinnamon colorants can create different hues and tones of brown. Also, the color produced by cinnamon in wool fibers has poor color fastness and low color strength. Overall, bio-mordants have presented good color properties, making the dyeing process eco-friendly and greener. Among the applied bio-mordants, peppermint has created the best color strength and color fastness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A series of five novel monoazo dyes designed from 4-amino antipyrine diazo coupling with five different cyclic ketones is successfully reported and characterized by possible spectroscopic methods to confirm their structural appearance. Based on FTIR and 1H-NMR spectral interpretation, dyes A and E are stable in their tautomer-like hydrazone and enol forms. In this endeavor, dyes were also subjected to an assessment of dyeing performance using high-temperature and high-pressure methods at 130 °C, and the synthesized dyes were found to have good dyeing abilities. Electron withdrawing group carbonyls in the heterocyclic moiety, adjacent to the diazo linkage, influence the shades of the dye on the fabric. The dyed fabric exhibits moderate to favorably good color fastness properties of washing, sublimation, heat, and perspiration. Antimicrobial screening was also performed against two fungal strains and four bacterial strains including Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. The results are negligible for dyes A–D, but dye E possesses moderate to excellent inhibitory actions toward bacterial strain B. subtilis as well as the fungi C. albicans. These pathogens are found to exist on cotton fabrics for a month and induce health issues. Dyed cotton fabrics with dye E is found to be resistant to the fungus C. albicans which bears 14 days of lifespan on cotton fabric and causes nosocomial infections including vaginal yeast sepsis, diaper rashes, and thrush. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study focuses on the extraction and dyeing properties of natural fabric dyes derived from brown seaweeds, namely Padina tetrastromatica, Sargassum tenerrimum, and Turbinaria ornata. Various solvents (acetone, ethanol, methanol, and water) and mordants (CH3 COOH, FeSO4, and NaHCO3) were used to extract the dyes and achieve different shades with excellent fastness properties. Phytochemical and FTIR analyses were performed to identify the phytochemicals responsible for dyeing. The dyed cotton fabrics exhibited a range of colors based on the mordants and solvents used. Fastness assessments revealed that aqueous and ethanol dye extracts exhibited superior properties compared to acetone and methanol extracts. The influence of mordants on cotton fibers' fastness properties was also evaluated. In addition to the above findings, this study makes a significant contribution to the field by exploring the bioactive potential of natural fabric dyes derived from brown seaweeds. The utilization of these abundant and low-cost seaweed sources for dye extraction provides a sustainable alternative to synthetic dyes, addressing environmental concerns associated with the textile industry. Furthermore, the comprehensive analysis of different solvents and mordants in obtaining various shades and excellent fastness properties enhances our understanding of the dyeing process and opens avenues for further research in the development of eco-friendly textile dyes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tie-dyeing is a resist-dyeing technique which for years has been used by SMEs to produce attractive textile fabrics. However, the technique is challenged by the use of synthetic dyes which are not environmentally friendly and the growing consumers' environmental awareness. Accordingly, researchers and industrialists are forced to explore the alternative natural dyes in response to the above challenges. Among the natural source of dyes available abundantly in Tanzania, but are yet to be fully exploited for applications via tie-dyeing technique are turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) roots commonly used for food coloring. In this study turmeric roots were investigated for their potential as dyes for coloration of cotton fabrics through tie-dyeing technique. Turmeric dyes were extracted through boiling of powdered turmeric roots in water followed by filtering the mixture, and applying it to a premordanted and tied fabric. For analysis purposes, un-tied (plain) cotton fabric was also dyed following the same procedure. The findings of this study suggests that, turmeric dyes can be applied on cotton using tie-dyeing technique and produce golden-yellow color on fabrics. Additionally, pre-mordanting of cotton increased the color depth of dyed materials while improving their fastness properties with respect to washing and both wet and dry rubbing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, silane and quaternary ammonium functional methacrylate monomers were synthesized and used to construct a copolymer using an emulsion polymerization technique to control the reaction rate. The copolymer was then designed using different ratios of silane and quaternary ammonium groups to investigate the relationship between the structure and properties. The presence of the ethoxy silane group in the copolymer series provided covalent bonding through the silanol group onto cotton fabric. The presence of cationic groups also helped to cover the fabric surface. After coating the cotton textile fabric, the resistance of the dye on the fabric surface to friction was assessed and tests were conducted on washing, rubbing, water, and light fastness. Finally, the textile surfaces were investigated for their antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. It was observed that the copolymer series showed >99% killing efficiency against S. aureus but had no effect on E. coli. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to develop motifs with the potential applications as drugs and dyes, a series of novel quinoline–pyrimidine monoazo hybrids have been synthesized via the Biginelli reaction followed by diazo coupling. Molecular docking study of the synthesized compounds was performed against Topoisomerase IV from E. coli K-12 and CYP51 from C. albicans. The ADMET properties of the synthesized compounds were also investigated in order to understand the efficacy of drug candidates. The compounds bearing naphthol and orcinol substitutions showed excellent antifungal and antibacterial properties. The α-naphthol derivative displayed the highest binding affinity score (8.46 against Topoisomerase IV and 7.50 against CYP51) and an acceptable drug score (0.53) in toxicological and pharmacokinetics studies. The orcinol derivative showed a very good docking score but a low drug score in the ADMET study. Additionally, the dye ability of the synthesized compounds was assessed by dyeing cotton and silk fabrics. The compound containing a paracetamol moiety displayed excellent performance in terms of color and rubbing fastness and is promising for use in the textile industry for dyeing clothes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

1-(3-aryl)-3-(dimethylamino)prop-2-en-1-one (enaminones) derivatives and the diazonium salt of para-chloroaniline were used to synthesize several novel disperse azo dyes with high yield and the use of an environmentally friendly approach. At 100 and 130 °C, we dyed polyester fabrics using the new synthesized disperse dyes. At various temperatures, the dyed fabrics’ color intensity was assessed. The results we obtained showed that dyeing utilizing a high temperature method at 130 °C was enhanced than dyeing utilizing a low temperature method at 100 °C. Reusing dye baths once or twice was a way to achieve two goals at the same time. The first was obtaining a dyed product at no cost, and the second was a way to treat the wastewater of dyeing bath effluents and reuse it again. Good results were obtained for the fastness characteristics of polyester dyed with disperse dyes. When the disperse dyes were tested against certain types of microbes and cancer cells, they demonstrated good and encouraging findings for the potential to be used as antioxidants and antimicrobial agents.

A series of novel pyridine-bearing tetrahydrobenzo[b]thiophene-3-carbohydrazide mono azo dyes was synthesized by combining the Gewald and azo dye approaches with basic catalytic optimization of the intermediate product. We investigated the in vitro activity of the synthesized compounds against selected gram-positive and gram-negative bacterial strains and the dyeing potential was investigated by dyeing cotton, linen, cotton and silk fabrics using a fastness test. Benzo-fused phenol-substituted compound showed very good antibacterial activity against P. aeruginosa (ZOI, 18 μg/mL) and B. subtilis (ZOI, 18.5 μg/mL), while showing good antibacterial potency on S. aureus (ZOI, 12.5 μg/mL). The SAR study also revealed that the presence of the nitro group in meta and para positions uplifted the antibacterial activity to the moderate stage in gram-negative bacterial strains. Additionally, assessing the dyeing performance by dry and wet rubbing fastness properties, compounds with α-naphthol, p-nitrophenol, and o-cresol fragments were observed as the most promising fabric dye candidates with excellent results referencing the grayscale and may lead to exploit in the textiles industry for dyeing clothes in future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

3-(dimethylamino)-1-phenylprop-2-en-1-ones were obtained with good yields by reacting dimethylformamide dimethylacetal with different methyl ketones. 3-oxo-3-phenyl-2-(2-phenylhydrazono)propanals disperse dyes were obtained via reacting of 3-(dimethylamino)-1-phenylprop-2-en-1-ones with phenyldiazonium chloride. The novel dyes were used in dyeing polyester fabrics through two different dyeing methods at temperatures of 100 and 130 °C. We found that the color strength when using the dyeing method at 130 °C was better than the dyeing method at 100 °C. The fastness properties of dyed fabrics with these new disperse dyes were studied and gave very good results (except for fastness to light, which gave moderate results). The new dyes were evaluated against some different types of bacteria and cancer, which showed excellent and promising results for the possibility of using these dyes as antibacterial and anticancer agents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Arni, one of the major silk handloom weaving clusters of India, adopted a very primitive way of dyeing using open pan/vessels with direct heating that is invariably carried out without using any exhaustive agent as recommended in scientific way of dyeing the silk yarn. In order to educate the dyers about the quality characteristics of the dyed yarn material, dyeing trials of fully degummed tram silk were taken by using crimson, acid class of dye (CI 262085) with three exhaustive agents, viz., Glauber’s salt (sodium sulfate), sodium chloride, and unilevelon, a chemical preferred by certain dyer, and compared with the existing primitive way of dyeing method. The statistical analysis of the quality characteristics revealed that the color fastness to wash and rub, tenacity and elongation, and unlevelness index have significantly improved while the color fastness to light and color absorption in terms of CIE L*a*b* values have not shown any significant difference. The unilevelon has performed significantly better in terms of unlevelness index when compared to other/exhaustive agents.

In this study, agricultural waste of avocado (Persea americana) was proposed as a natural dye source for eco-friendly and sustainable dyeing of textiles. Woven fabrics made of cotton and wool were pre-mordanted with nontoxic metallic salts; alum and ferrous sulfate and dyed with the pigments extracted from avocado seeds and peels. All samples exhibited very good washing and rubbing fastness grades. Pre-mordanting fabrics with ferrous sulfate provided a different color, a noticeable increase in dyeability and a significant improvement in fastness to light. On the other hand, in case of using alum, only a slight change in chroma and hue was recorded. Based on findings of the study, it was concluded that the extracted pigments have strong affinity for protein fibers and a relatively lower affinity for cellulosic fibers. It was also observed that the samples dyed with peel extract have darker and more saturated colors, a more persistent hue and higher light fastness grades when compared to the corresponding samples dyed with seed extract.

The innovation anticipated here is the use of our previously prepared chitosan nanoparticles in conjunction with citric acid and sodium hypophosphite for rendering viscose fabrics dyed and finished concurrently in one step with dual classes of dyes, namely basic and acid dyes, using a pad-dry-cure process. This was done to see the effect of the aforementioned eco-friendly finishing formulation on creating dual anchoring sites onto finished fabrics for dye-ability using Basic Red 2 and Acid Orange 7, which have no direct affinity to viscose fabric. So, different concentrations of CA, CNPs, and dyes were mixed into a viscose fabric cross-linking formulation together with a set concentration of SHP (50% based on weight of CA concentration) and cured at 170°C for 2 minutes. Citric acid is predicted to react with the hydroxyl groups in viscose and CNPs to produce ester crosslinking and/or to form an inter-ionic attraction with the amino groups of CNPs. The latter was responsible for viscose fabrics dye ability with Basic Red 2 by anchoring the free carboxyl groups in citric acid, as well as their dye ability with Acid Orange 7 by anchoring the residual amine groups in CNPs.

The main topic of this study is Green and environmentally wool dyeing. For this purpose, yellow and black myrobalan extract as green mordants and madder and resedaluteola as natural dyes were used. The FTIR-ATR spectra of the washed wool yarns, mordanted wool yarns and dyed wool yarns confirmed bonding of wool yarns with the green mordant and dyes through comparing chemical structures. The effective linkage between yarn, mordant and dye molecules removes the C-N peaks in FTIR-ATR spectra. After dyeing process, fastness and dyeing properties of dyed wool yarns were investigated. The K/S values of dyed wool yarns with extracted madder and resedaluteola were quantified values; and fastness properties including light, wash, and rubbing fastness were defined as per ISO standard methods. The research pointed out that the myrobalan extraction as a potential route for the development of eco-friendly dyeing in green production of dyed yarns.

Silk is considered as one of the finest and delicate natural fibers suitable for the construction of textile products with elegant look, lustrous appearance, gorgeous glaze, and elegant drapeness likewise with rich quality. However, silk is sensitive for various chemicals so that it could be easily damaged. Hence, it is evident that silk should be protected so as to accommodate the necessary characteristics in the end use products. In this context, in this research work plain woven mulberry silk fabric was chosen which was further processed with basic treatments and treated with polyacrylic acid and chitosan and then dyed with some selected natural sources and reactive dye. The treated and dyed silk fabrics were then subjected for different testing parameters such as measuring physical properties, K/S values, fastness properties, absorbency characteristics, antiodor behavior, SEM, and XRD analysis. The results obtained from this study convince the suitability for the conventional garment/apparel end-use products including the medical textiles.

Environment-friendly textile processing is now-a-days worldwide demand. The current study has been concerned with the utilization of suitable tool i.e. microwave radiation for the improvement of dyeing behavior of natural fabrics using Acid Red 138 dye. Microwave treatment up to 6 min has been given to both dye solution and fabrics. Microwave-treated and un-treated fabrics were used to dye under-treated and un-treated solutions. Different dyeing parameters were employed and shade made at optimized conditions were as per ISO fastness standards and it was found that un-heated silk has given excellent results when dyed at 65◦C for 65 min under irradiated dye solution of 4 pH containing 4 g/100 mL of salt. But irradiated wool has given good results when the solution of 1 pH contaminating 4 g/100 mL salt was irradiated to dye fabrics at 65 ◦C for 65 min. However, silk fabric has shown more promising behavior toward treated dye solution as compared to wool fabric under optimum conditions. It is concluded that microwave treatment has a good potential not only to make acid dyeing process more sustainable for the coloring behavior of silk more than wool under mild condition.

With the increasing demand for environmentally friendly dyes, natural dye has become an attractive option replacing toxic synthetic dyes. Within the framework of this research, the natural dye of Chrozophora tinctoria L. was extracted using the microwave-assisted extraction method under different operating conditions. The influence of different factors influencing the extraction process (such as pH, extraction time, and microwave power) on the extraction efficiency was investigated by means of a multilevel three-factor design. The suggested model has a high coefficient of determination, indicating high predictability and good approximation. Optimal microwave extraction process conditions were obtained at a value of microwave power equal to 650 W, at a pH of 5 during a period of 3 min. Dyed wool and silk fabrics showed very good washing and light fastness properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the present study, novel quinoline substituted pyrimidine heterocyclic azo dye derivatives (IVa-x) have been synthesized. All the prepared compounds have been characterized by several spectroscopic analyses and evaluated for in vitro antimicrobial activity. Furthermore, the dyeing performances of all the compounds have been estimated on cotton and silk fabrics. Colour and rubbing fastness properties of all the dyed fabrics have been examined by referencing to standard gray scale. These newly synthesized azo dyes exhibit various hues with good to excellent fastness properties. Out of all the phenol derivatives, Naphthol substituted compounds have come out as remarkably active antimicrobial scaffolds with excellent dye characteristics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Anthrone- and aniline-based azo dyes (4a-4i) are synthesized and well characterized. These dyes are further applied to wool, nylon, polyester, and acrylic fabrics. Fastness properties, including light, wash, and rub for dyed fabrics, were studied and found to be better for polyester and nylon than wool and acrylic substrate. Better sublimation fastness was obtained on polyester than nylon at 210 °C. The ultraviolet protection factor (UPF) of all dyed textiles was detected to block ultraviolet radiation (UVR) in the range of 93–97%. Nylon, wool, and acrylic dyed fabric showed excellent, while polyester showed good ultraviolet protection activity. All the dyes are effective against "(S. aureus) gram + ve" and "(K. pneumoniae) gram −ve" bacteria. The fabric dyed with the azo dye obtained from the p-COOH (4a), p-CH3 (4d), p-NO2 (4 g), and p-NHCOCH3 (4i) substituted anilne derivatives were as found to have ≥ 98% potent inhibition. The HOMO–LUMO gap and other chemical reactivity descriptors, such as electrophilicity index, chemical hardness, and chemical potential, are calculated using the density functional theory (DFT) method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research work involves surface anionization of non-ionic polyester (PET- polyethylene terephthalate) fabric through a novel and facile modification technique to facilitate cationic dyeing, particularly basic dyeing under normal atmospheric conditions, instead of traditional sophisticated non-ionic disperse dyeing. Initially, the modification of PET with differently prepared modifiers was performed at 50 °C which introduced an anionic carboxylate group (COO−) on its surface to promote effective bond formation with cationic basic dyes. The modification process did not alter the inherent mechanical properties, i.e., strength and elongation of the PET fabric. Subsequently, the basic dyeing of the sample was carried out at a lower temperature (50–60 °C) for 60 min. The dyeing of the modified PET fabric with modifier 1 at 60 °C yielded the best output for the basic blue 2GL dye in terms of color properties and shade quality. For modifier 2, the color output after dyeing at 50 °C was off shade and only a reddish tone appeared, but the color strength (K/S) and the evenness of the shade were satisfactory. Both modifiers significantly improved the color fastness properties of the dyed fabric in the range of very good (4) to excellent (4/5) fastness rating, while the unmodified fabric had a comparatively lower fastness grade (3). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, we explore the dyeing properties of the extract of sappan wood natural dye for coloration of wool yarn to find the potential use of natural dyed wool yarn in the development of eco-friendly textiles. Different characterizations were used to know the chemistry of sappan wood dye and its interaction with metal salts and wool. Interestingly, we found that metal salts, which are called as mordants in reference to unmordanted dyed sample, play an important role in fixing the dye molecule on wool as well as in creating different shades with a variety of hues and tones. The typical color of fabric dyed with extracts of sappan wood without mordant varies from yellowish to red. Light yellowish shades were obtained in case of aluminum sulfate-mordanted samples, whereas yellowish shades were obtained in case of ferrous sulfate mordant. Light colorfastness of the premordanted dyed samples was relatively better than that of the unmordanted dyed samples. The wash fastness of all samples mordanted as well as unmordanted shows color change fairly good to good level, whereas the color staining on wool and cotton was found to be negligible.

In this study, we explore the dyeing properties of the extract of sappan wood natural dye for coloration of wool yarn to find the potential use of natural dyed wool yarn in the development of eco-friendly textiles. Different characterizations were used to know the chemistry of sappan wood dye and its interaction with metal salts and wool. Interestingly, we found that metal salts, which are called as mordants in reference to unmordanted dyed sample, play an important role in fixing the dye molecule on wool as well as in creating different shades with a variety of hues and tones. The typical color of fabric dyed with extracts of sappan wood without mordant varies from yellowish to red. Light yellowish shades were obtained in case of aluminum sulfate-mordanted samples, whereas yellowish shades were obtained in case of ferrous sulfate mordant. Light colorfastness of the premordanted dyed samples was relatively better than that of the unmordanted dyed samples. The wash fastness of all samples mordanted as well as unmordanted shows color change fairly good to good level, whereas the color staining on wool and cotton was found to be negligible. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A series of bisazo reactive dyes have been synthesized via efficient methodology. In this paper we report the synthesis of a series of reactive dyes by coupling of tetrazotized 3, 3'-dichloro benzidine with various 2-amino 5(4'-nitro phenyl) 1,3,4-thiadiazole cyanurated coupling component viz, H-acid, J-acid, N-methyl J-acid, N-phenyl J-acid, sulpho tobias acid, tobias acid, peri acid, S-acid, K-acid, N-benzoyl H-acid, sulfo C-acid, N-phenyl peri acid, laurent acid and Chicago acid dyeing performance of these dyes was evaluated on cotton, wool and silk fabric. The purity of dyes was checked by thin layer chromatography (TLC). All synthesized dyes were characterized by FTIR and 1H NMR spectra, fastness properties and antimicrobial activity of these dyes were evaluated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Estimated 20 % of global clean water pollution is attributed to textile production. Dyeing and finishing processes use an extensive amount of water and chemicals, and most of the effluents and wastewater is released into the environment. In this study, we explore spin-dyeing of man-made cellulosic fibres (MMCFs) with vat dyes using the Ioncell process, circumventing the ubiquitous use of fresh water and potentially reducing effluents streams to a great extent. Spin-dyeing is an established process for synthetic polymers but is not common for MMCFs. Regenerated cellulose fibres were produced through dissolution of dissolving pulp in the ionic liquid 1,5-diazabicyclo[4.3.0]non-5-ene acetate. The produced fibres were processed into yarn and a jersey fabric was knitted. Mechanical and colour fastness properties were tested. The fibres properties were also assessed through SEM, birefringence, and crystallinity measurements. Fibres with excellent mechanical properties (tenacity higher than 50 cN/tex) and colour fastness were produced, with most samples receiving the highest or next highest performance grade. The spun-dyed fibres also hold great potential to be recycled themselves without colour change or loss in colour intensity. Textiles with colours produced in large quantities such as black or navy blue could be the first market entry point. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Four thiophene-based disperse azo dyes. • PG12 shows red-shifted absorption i.e. 512. • All the dyes show excellent % exhaustion. • Very good to excellent sublimation fastness. • Excellent UV-A, UV-B, and UPF rating. The design, synthesis, and use of four new thiophene-based dispersed azo dyes with salicylic and carboxylic acid acceptors are shown in this work. The produced dyes exhibit a wide range of light absorption characteristics, including near UV–visible, and deep red wavelengths. PG9 and PG12, which are thiophene disperse azo dyes with carboxylic acid acceptor, showed red-shifted absorption, but PG10 and PG11, which are azo dyes with salicylic acid, showed blue-shifted absorption. The synthesized dyes exhibited good photostability in solvents. The experimental results are supported by theoretical results from Density Functional Theory (DFT) and Time-Dependent Density Functional Theory (TD-DFT). Furthermore, the dyes exhibit outstanding dyeability with percentage exhaustion characteristics of 90% when applied to acrylic, nylon, and polyester fabrics. Rich shades ranging from deep orange to black are seen in the dyed fabrics. Salicylic acid acceptor-dyed materials have higher K/S values when applied to nylon-dyed fabrics, while acrylic and polyester-dyed fabrics respond better to carboxylic acid acceptor dyes. The fabrics that have been colored display exceptional light, wash, and rubbing fastness. In light and wash fastness, polyester-dyed fabrics performed better than acrylic and nylon-dyed fabrics. Studies on UV protection show that fabrics with high UPF ratings can block damaging UV-A and UV-B radiation efficiently. All synthetic dyes have their antibacterial activity assessed using the AATCC 100 test method, which is associated with the HOMO-LUMO energy gap. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study was concerned with the extraction of natural colorant from kermes oak (Quercus coccifera L.) fruits and the application of the extracted dye on wool fibers in the presence and absence of various mordants. The effect of dyeing time and dye bath temperature were investigated. The effect of mordant type with different mordanting methods on dyeing quality was also examined. Four salt metals were used in this study; ferrous sulfate, stannous chloride, alum, and copper sulfate. The effect of these mordants on color of dyed wool samples was investigated in terms of CIELab (L*, a*, b*) and K/S values. Light, washing, and rubbing fastness of dyed samples were evaluated according to ISO standards. The obtained shades for the control samples were brown; while the mordanted samples a wide range of light to dark brownish colors with a significant enhancement in color strength values. The results indicated that mordanting gave deep shades and enhanced fastness properties.

A number of azo pyrazole derivatives and novel Schiff bases derived from azo diamino pyrazole were synthesized. These included 4-(2-arylhydrazono)-4H-pyrazole-3,5-diamines and N3,N5-dibenzylidene-4-(2-arylhydrazono)-4H-pyrazole-3,5-diamines. The chemical structures of the novel azo dyes were determined using UV–visible, IR, 1H NMR, and 13C NMR spectroscopy. Dyeing process and tautomerism of the aforementioned azo compounds were predicted using DFT calculations. The electronic absorption spectra in methanol were observed and compared to those computed using B3LYP/6-31G(d,p). The dyeing performance of the produced disperse dyes was examined on polyester. The degree of exhaustion and the fastness properties of the dyed samples in terms of washing, perspiration, scorch, and light fastness were assessed. Moreover, the reflectance and color strength of the synthesized dyes were measured and discussed.

In this study, agricultural waste of avocado (Persea americana) was proposed as a natural dye source for eco-friendly and sustainable dyeing of textiles. Woven fabrics made of cotton and wool were pre-mordanted with nontoxic metallic salts; alum and ferrous sulfate and dyed with the pigments extracted from avocado seeds and peels. All samples exhibited very good washing and rubbing fastness grades. Pre-mordanting fabrics with ferrous sulfate provided a different color, a noticeable increase in dyeability and a significant improvement in fastness to light. On the other hand, in case of using alum, only a slight change in chroma and hue was recorded. Based on findings of the study, it was concluded that the extracted pigments have strong affinity for protein fibers and a relatively lower affinity for cellulosic fibers. It was also observed that the samples dyed with peel extract have darker and more saturated colors, a more persistent hue and higher light fastness grades when compared to the corresponding samples dyed with seed extract. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The innovation anticipated here is the use of our previously prepared chitosan nanoparticles in conjunction with citric acid and sodium hypophosphite for rendering viscose fabrics dyed and finished concurrently in one step with dual classes of dyes, namely basic and acid dyes, using a pad-dry-cure process. This was done to see the effect of the aforementioned eco-friendly finishing formulation on creating dual anchoring sites onto finished fabrics for dye-ability using Basic Red 2 and Acid Orange 7, which have no direct affinity to viscose fabric. So, different concentrations of CA, CNPs, and dyes were mixed into a viscose fabric cross-linking formulation together with a set concentration of SHP (50% based on weight of CA concentration) and cured at 170°C for 2 minutes. Citric acid is predicted to react with the hydroxyl groups in viscose and CNPs to produce ester crosslinking and/or to form an inter-ionic attraction with the amino groups of CNPs. The latter was responsible for viscose fabrics dye ability with Basic Red 2 by anchoring the free carboxyl groups in citric acid, as well as their dye ability with Acid Orange 7 by anchoring the residual amine groups in CNPs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The difference is significant only in the case of the untreated silk fabrics when compared with that of PAA- and CTN-treated and dyed silk fabrics; since the silk fabric is influenced by these treatments in the respective aspects. It is noticed from this table that the antiodor retention rate effect is considerably good in the treated (PAA and CTN) and dyed silk fabrics particularly on the CTN- treated fabrics compared with those of other (PAA and without treatment) silk fabrics. The PAA- and CTN-treated and dyed silk fabrics absorb the drops in lesser time compared to the without treatment silk fabric; similar to this trend the water retention behavior and the wicking height, respectively, are increased in silk fabrics. Keywords: Tensile strength; dyeability; fastness properties; absorbency; air permeability; antiodor; ; ; ; ; ; EN Tensile strength dyeability fastness properties absorbency air permeability antiodor ZH 8637 8651 15 11/21/22 20221220 NES 221220 Introduction Silk is the prominent protein fiber, which has been considered for the special characteristics of durability, softness, luster, and surface smoothness. [Extracted from the article]

Color strengths of silk and wool fabrics dyed with Acid Red 138 dye before and after microwave treatment. Keywords: Acid red 138 dye; fastness properties; microwave radiations; silk & wool; sustainability; 138 ; ; ; ; EN Acid red 138 dye fastness properties microwave radiations silk & wool sustainability ZH 138 8181 8190 10 11/21/22 20221220 NES 221220 Introduction Synthetic dyes are being used in every walk of life where, with the advancements in processing and applications, their use has been spread from clothes to paper, from wood to food, and from food to textiles etc. (Adeel et al. [4]). Overall, this dye has again shown an excellent affinity toward silk fabric at 65 SP o sp C as compared to the wool fabric after exposure to microwave treatment for 1 min. The results given inFigure 1Figure 2 show that for silk fabric (RSF) the irradiated dye bath of 4 pH (RE) for 1 min has given good results onto un-irradiated silk fabric (NRSF). [Extracted from the article]

Anthrone and benzothiazole based disperse azo dyes (5a–5e) are synthesized and well characterized. These dyes are further applied to nylon, polyester, and acrylic fabrics. Fastness properties, including light, wash, and rub for dyed fabrics, were studied and found to be better for polyester and nylon than the acrylic substrate. Better sublimation fastness was obtained on polyester than nylon at 210 °C. The "ultraviolet protection factor (UPF)" of all dyed fabrics was detected to block ultraviolet radiation (UVR) in the range of 93 to 97 percent. Nylon and acrylic dyed fabric were excellent, while polyester showed good ultraviolet protection activity. All the dyes are effective towards "(S. aureus) gram +ve" and "(K. pneumoniae) gram −ve" bacteria. The textile dyed with the dye obtained from the diazotized 2‐amino‐6‐methyl‐benzothiazole and anthrone (5b) was found to have ≥99 % potent inhibition. The HOMO‐LUMO energy gap and other quantum chemical descriptors such as softness, hardness, and electrophilicity index are obtained from the "density functional theory (DFT)" computations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Arni, one of the major silk handloom weaving clusters of India, adopted a very primitive way of dyeing using open pan/vessels with direct heating that is invariably carried out without using any exhaustive agent as recommended in scientific way of dyeing the silk yarn. In order to educate the dyers about the quality characteristics of the dyed yarn material, dyeing trials of fully degummed tram silk were taken by using crimson, acid class of dye (CI 262085) with three exhaustive agents, viz., Glauber's salt (sodium sulfate), sodium chloride, and unilevelon, a chemical preferred by certain dyer, and compared with the existing primitive way of dyeing method. The statistical analysis of the quality characteristics revealed that the color fastness to wash and rub, tenacity and elongation, and unlevelness index have significantly improved while the color fastness to light and color absorption in terms of CIE L*a*b* values have not shown any significant difference. The unilevelon has performed significantly better in terms of unlevelness index when compared to other/exhaustive agents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two groups of laterally substituted non-mesomorphic and liquid crystalline materials bearing monoazo group were prepared and investigated via experimental and theoretical techniques. The molecular structures of the designed dyes were evaluated by FT-IR and NMR spectroscopic analyses. Mesomorphic examinations for all synthesized dyes were investigated by polarized optical microscopy (POM) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Results revealed that, the thermal and optical properties of investigated compounds are mainly dependent on their molecular geometry. The optimized geometries of the azo derivatives and their electronic absorption of the dyes were carried out using the B3LYP/6-311G level of the DFT method. The azo dyes were measured for their dyeing performance on polyester fabrics. The dyed fabrics have excellent fastness properties with a color strength of 1.49–3.43 and an exhaustion rate of 82–64%. The chemical descriptor parameters of disperse azo dyes in gas phase were calculated and correlated with dyeing parameters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of the present study is to standardize a protocol for optimization of pre-treatment, mordanting and dyeing of cotton khadi fabric with waste marigold flower petals. The effects of different single and combined double mordanting on dye-ability and colour fastness properties have been studied after optimization of aqueous extraction of marigold flower as natural dye. Mordants used are potash alum, aluminium sulphate, stannous chloride as metallic salt mordant and harda (myrabolan) from natural source as mordant assistant. After finalizing the mordants, dyeing process variables are standardized for dyeing cotton khadi fabric with waste marigold flower extract as selective natural dye applied on 3% H2O2 (30%) bleached cotton khadi fabric. Dyeing process variables studied are dyeing time, temperature, MLR, pH, mordant concentration, dye concentration and salt concentration for dyeing with prefixed mordant. Colour fastness to washing, rubbing, light and perspiration against use of different mordants and also against different dyeing process variables are also investigated. The results indicate that, this particular natural dye renders better appreciation of colour yield by pre mordanting with 15% aluminium sulphate and harda (50:50) as compared to other single mordants (potash alum and stannous chloride) and double mordants used. Use of double mordant in 15 % application level, shows maximum K/S value with overall good colour fastness than others. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main topic of this study is Green and environmentally wool dyeing. For this purpose, yellow and black myrobalan extract as green mordants and madder and resedaluteola as natural dyes were used. The FTIR-ATR spectra of the washed wool yarns, mordanted wool yarns and dyed wool yarns confirmed bonding of wool yarns with the green mordant and dyes through comparing chemical structures. The effective linkage between yarn, mordant and dye molecules removes the C-N peaks in FTIR-ATR spectra. After dyeing process, fastness and dyeing properties of dyed wool yarns were investigated. The K/S values of dyed wool yarns with extracted madder and resedaluteola were quantified values; and fastness properties including light, wash, and rubbing fastness were defined as per ISO standard methods. The research pointed out that the myrobalan extraction as a potential route for the development of eco-friendly dyeing in green production of dyed yarns. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Industria Textila is the property of Institutul National de Cercetare-Dezvoltare pentru Textile si Pielarie and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

• Novel series of bis azo dyes 3–10 were synthesized via a two-step process. • The disperse azo were synthesized and characterized by UV–visible, FT-IR and NMR. • The electronic absorption properties were investigated experimentally and computationally. • Significantly improved fastness properties of the new disperse dyes for the PET fabrics were observed. • The color strengths (K/S) and CIE Lab* color space indicate high efficiency of disperse dyes on polyester fiber. In this study, a novel series of bis-azo dyes 3–10 were synthesized via a two-step process. Initially, benzene-1,4-bis(diazonium) chloride was reacted with several active methylene compounds, such as ethyl acetoacetate, acetyl acetone, ethyl cyanoacetate, and malononitrile. yielding the corresponding bis-azo dyes 3–6. Subsequently, these dyes were cyclized through condensation with phenylhydrazine, resulting in the formation of bis-pyrazole derivatives 7–10. Comprehensive spectroscopic characterization, employing techniques like infrared (IR), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), and ultraviolet-visible (UV–Vis) spectroscopy, along with elemental analysis, elucidated the structural features, and electronic transitions of the synthesized dyes. The electronic absorption properties were investigated experimentally and computationally, revealing bathochromic and hypsochromic shifts influenced by substituents and tautomeric forms. The dyes showcased excellent dyeing performance on polyester fabrics, exhibiting notable color strength, perspiration fastness, light fastness, and wash fastness. Theoretical investigations of the electronic properties were conducted utilizing Density Functional Theory (DFT) methodology, employing the B3LYP functional with the 6–31G(d,p) basis set, enabling a comprehensive understanding of the structure-performance relationships governing the dyeing behavior of these dyes on polyester. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]