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Background: Brucellosis, a zoonotic disease, poses a significant health and economic challenge in many parts of the world, including Mediterranean and Middle Eastern countries. This study aimed to investigate the risk factors and recurrence of brucellosis, focusing on demographic variables such as age, gender, occupation, place of residence, and the spatiotemporal pattern of the population.Methods: The study design was cross-sectional.The authors enrolled all Brucella cases registered in the infectious disease surveillance system of Fars province from 2014 to 2018 in the study. They performed a multivariate analysis of the disease risk factors using a Poisson regression model and a multivariate analysis of the risk factors associated with brucellosis recurrence using a logistic regression model.Results: The incidence of brucellosis in Fars province exhibited a decreasing trend. The findings revealed that the sex ratio of patients who consumed unpasteurized dairy products, the mean age of patients per month, and the proportion of people living in rural areas relative to the total number of patients with brucellosis were significantly associated with the risk of brucellosis. Moreover, the probability of disease recurrence was higher in colder seasons compared to spring.Conclusion: A higher ratio of lightweight livestock to heavyweight livestock was identified as a risk factor for brucellosis, indicating the more significant role of lightweight livestock in the incidence of brucellosis in Fars province. Therefore, controlling the disease in lightweight livestock is of paramount importance, and the vaccination of these livestock should be more strictly monitored and implemented.

Pollution of water resources with nitrate is currently one of the major challenges at the global level. In order to make macro-policy decisions in water safety plans, it is necessary to carry out nitrate risk assessment in underground water, which has not been done in Fars province for all urban areas. In the current study, 9494 drinking water samples were collected in four seasons in 32 urban areas of Fars province in Iran, between 2017 and 2021 to investigate the non-carcinogenic health risk assessment. Geographical distribution maps of hazard quotient were drawn using geographical information system software. The results showed that the maximum amount of nitrate in water samples in 4% of the samples in 2021, 2.5% of the samples in 2020 and 3% of the samples in 2019 were more than the standard declared by World Health Organization guidelines (50 mg/L). In these cases, the maximum amount of nitrate was reported between 82 and 123 mg/L. The HQ values for infants did not exceed 1 in any year, but for children (44% ± 10.8), teenagers (10.8% ± 8.4), and adults (3.2% ± 1.7) exceeded 1 in cities, years, and seasons, indicating that three age groups in the studied area are at noticeably significant non-carcinogenic risk. The results of the Monte Carlo simulation showed that the average value of non-carcinogenic risk was less than 1 for all age groups. Moreover, the maximum HQ values (95%) were higher than 1 for both children and teenager, indicating a significant non-carcinogenic risk for the two age groups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Loyalty and satisfaction of employees are key factors for the success and survival of any organization, especially service-oriented organizations like public libraries. On one hand, maintaining the position and dignity of the public library requires consideration of the performance and loyalty of its librarians. On the other hand, it is essential to focus on implementing a knowledge management system and promoting knowledge sharing in service-oriented organizations to enhance loyalty and organizational performance. Therefore, this research was conducted to determine the impact of knowledge management and knowledge sharing systems on the performance and loyalty of librarians in public libraries in Fars province. Method: The present study was conducted as applied research. Data collection involved a descriptive survey and correlation analysis. The statistical population comprised 331 librarians from public libraries in Fars province, with a sample size of 175 selected using the stratified random method based on the Krejci & Morgan table. The study utilized four questionnaires on knowledge management (Newman and Konrad, 2000), knowledge sharing (Panahi, Watson, and Partridge, 2012), librarian performance (Zarei and Same Siahkolroudi, 2017), and librarian loyalty (Yeh, Yeong, and Cheng, 2010; June, Cai, and Shin, 2006). The questionnaires demonstrated Cronbach's alpha coefficients above 0.7. Data analysis was performed using SPSS 25 for descriptive statistics and Smart PLS software for Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) to determine the relationships between variables. The measurement model section utilized Cronbach's alpha, Construct Reliability (CR), and Convergent Validity (CV) indexes. Additionally, the model fit was assessed using Normed Fit Index (NFI), Standardized Root Mean Square Residuals (SRMR), d-G, d-ULS, and Chi-Square. Findings: The findings showed that the status of variables related to knowledge management, knowledge sharing, performance of librarians, and loyalty of librarians in the public libraries of Fars province is in good condition and above average. Among the research variables, the performance of librarians, with an average of 4.04, was higher than other variables. The results of the correlation test indicated a significant and positive relationship between knowledge management and knowledge sharing (p<0.01, r = 0.373) with librarians' performance (p<0.01, r = 0.342) and loyalty (p<0.01, r = 0.484). Additionally, there was a significant and positive relationship between knowledge sharing and the performance of librarians (p<0.01, r = 0.513) and loyalty of librarians (p<0.01, r = 0.596). The indicators of the measurement model for the construct reliability index and Cronbach's alpha were above 0.7, indicating the reliability of the construct. The average variance extracted index for the convergent validity of the model was also higher than 0.5 for all variables, indicating appropriate convergent validity. The results of the SEM fit showed that the coefficient of determination for librarians' performance and loyalty were calculated as 0.327 and 0.561, respectively, indicating the prediction of 32% and 56% of the variance in performance and loyalty of librarians. Furthermore, the Goodness of Fit (GOF) index was calculated as 0.56, indicating a relatively strong fit of the proposed model. Conclusion: One of the crucial factors influencing the professional conduct of librarians is their performance level and loyalty to libraries and information centers. Understanding the loyalty status of librarians can assist managers in planning to achieve desired objectives. By elucidating the correlation between knowledge management, knowledge sharing, organizational loyalty, and librarian performance, the research findings can capture the attention of library managers and officials to bolster the knowledge management and sharing systems in libraries. This will create conducive conditions for enhancing the performance and loyalty of librarians. By improving access to knowledge, honing expertise, and promoting continuous learning, librarians can deliver optimal service to users and establish a more efficient relationship with the organization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Loyalty and satisfaction of employees are key factors for the success and survival of any organization, especially service-oriented organizations like public libraries. On one hand, maintaining the position and dignity of the public library requires consideration of the performance and loyalty of its librarians. On the other hand, it is essential to focus on implementing a knowledge management system and promoting knowledge sharing in service-oriented organizations to enhance loyalty and organizational performance. Therefore, this research was conducted to determine the impact of knowledge management and knowledge sharing systems on the performance and loyalty of librarians in public libraries in Fars province. Method: The present study was conducted as applied research. Data collection involved a descriptive survey and correlation analysis. The statistical population comprised 331 librarians from public libraries in Fars province, with a sample size of 175 selected using the stratified random method based on the Krejci & Morgan table. The study utilized four questionnaires on knowledge management (Newman and Konrad, 2000), knowledge sharing (Panahi, Watson, and Partridge, 2012), librarian performance (Zarei and Same Siahkolroudi, 2017), and librarian loyalty (Yeh, Yeong, and Cheng, 2010; June, Cai, and Shin, 2006). The questionnaires demonstrated Cronbach's alpha coefficients above 0.7. Data analysis was performed using SPSS 25 for descriptive statistics and Smart PLS software for Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) to determine the relationships between variables. The measurement model section utilized Cronbach's alpha, Construct Reliability (CR), and Convergent Validity (CV) indexes. Additionally, the model fit was assessed using Normed Fit Index (NFI), Standardized Root Mean Square Residuals (SRMR), d-G, d-ULS, and Chi-Square. Findings: The findings showed that the status of variables related to knowledge management, knowledge sharing, performance of librarians, and loyalty of librarians in the public libraries of Fars province is in good condition and above average. Among the research variables, the performance of librarians, with an average of 4.04, was higher than other variables. The results of the correlation test indicated a significant and positive relationship between knowledge management and knowledge sharing (p

Two new mite species of Leptus Latreille, 1796 (Acari: Erythraeidae) are described and illustrated based on their larval stages. All mites were collected from grasshopper hosts (Orthoptera: Acrididae) during surveys in the Zagros Mountains of Iran. This study is part of a more extensive survey of the Parasitengona fauna and their grasshopper hosts in diverse terrains along this mountain range, one of the global biodiversity hotspots. Leptus (Leptus) mallahae Kiany, Seiedy & Hakimitabar sp. nov. was collected parasitizing Oedipoda miniata (Pallas, 1771), Acrotylus insubricus (Scopoli, 1786), and Sphingoderus angustus Descamps, 1967. Leptus (L.) etesamiae Kiany, Seiedy & Hakimitabar sp. nov. was collected on Sphodromerus luteipes Uvarov, 1933.Leptus mallahae Kiany, Seiedy, & Hakimitabar in Kiany, Seiedy, Hakimitabar, Kiany & Husemann, 2024 Leptus etesamiae Kiany, Seiedy, & Hakimitabar in Kiany, Seiedy, Hakimitabar, Kiany & Husemann, 2024 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rift Valley fever is a vector-borne zoonosis that can affect various species, including ruminants and camels. The present study reports the first serological detection of the Rift Valley fever virus in sheep and goats, along with an analysis of risk factors in Fars province, located in the south of Iran. The province of Fars was distributed into three climate zones, and three cities were accidentally chosen for each climatic zone. Two epidemiologic units were selected in each city, and samples of all the sheep and goats were collected from each unit. In total, 540 serum samples (391 from sheep and 149 from goats) were gathered and tested by a commercial ELISA kit. Out of 540 samples tested, 12 (2.2%) were found to be seropositive for the Rift Valley fever virus, with 10 from sheep and 2 from goats, indicating the presence of specific antibodies. The correlation between seropositivity and risk factors such as age, sex, climate, animal type, and, history of abortion was not significant. In conclusion, the Rift Valley fever virus is not endemic in Fars province. Further studies are recommended to investigate the distribution of mosquito vectors and their genotype in Fars province, isolate the virus, and develop vaccines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Considering different definitions of game, one can categorize them into different types. Inevitably, games have influenced everyone's life at different ages. Games not only entertain individuals, but also reflect the concerns and problems of life. Furthermore, players both repeat such concerns and transmit them, too. ''Poetry'' is one of the most important means of transmitting elements. This element can be changed based on the time and place and it can be compatible accordingly. This research has been done based on descriptiveanalytical method and it has classified and considered the play-songs of the people of Fars. The results show these songs used in those games with two or more groups of audiences and mostly considered as non-actional/ verbal games which are constructed on four principals of repetition, dialogue, teasing and consonance. Also, they were counted in counter side of actional games. This spectrum of play-songs (verbal to action) also fits with the element of age because the tendency of young people is more towards verbal games as they get older, they move towards action games. Another point is the poem which is the game and is not part of it, that it is in the four initial categories of game. It is underlined that poem is so dominant in the folklore life. Another is that many of the action games have rules and frameworks in poems and these rules are included in seven groups such as: calling out for game, role calling, choosing the head of the game, starter and fellow, selecting the fired one or the reserved one, punishment, not paying the penalty and announcing the end of the game. The players should accept and perform the rules. The order of these rules and in general, all the songs of the game played a big role in the socialization of the players. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Drought is one of the main natural hazards affecting large areas' economies and the environment. Therefore, it is necessary to study the different aspects of the drought on the land with several indices like the Standard Precipitation Index (SPI) index which can clarify the existing conditions for decisions and planning. The objective of this study was to analyze the spatial pattern of drought by SPI index in the Fars Province located in the Southern part of Iran. In this paper, according to the data from 42 stations in Fars Province, during 1990-2019, the pattern of drought hazard is evaluated. In the presented model, several drought hazard criteria were used including the maximum severity of drought in the period, the trend of drought, and the maximum number of sequential arid years. The final drought risk map was obtained with an arithmetic mean of 3 criteria: intensity, continuity, and trend. The three criteria maps and final hazard map were interpolated by the Inverse Distance Weightage (IDW) method and classified into five hazard classes none, slight, moderate, severe, and very severe. The obtained maps showed that the intensity, trend, and continuity of drought increases from the southeast to the northwest. The final vulnerability map shows that moderate hazard areas (36% of the region) observed in the Southern parts of the region are less widespread than areas under severe and very severe hazard (64% of the region) observed in the northern and central parts of the region. Preparation of these hazard maps may prove to be helpful for regional managers, and policymakers for environmental and agricultural strategies, not only in Iran but also in other countries facing this hazard. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The institutions of religion and state had a deep connection during the Sasanian period. Fire temples played an important role in national unity with governmental support throughout Iran, aiding the central government by conducting religious ceremonies. Fire altars, as part of the Sasanian fire temples, were essential for worship and one of the most important tools of worship in Zoroastrianism, serving as the place and throne of the great god; therefore, they are considered among the most sacred parts of fire temples. Sasanian fire altars varied in shape and material, serving different purposes. Most Sasanian fire altars were made of stone or gypsum, with a few cases made of clay. Some fire altars were cone-shaped with spoon or simple designs. An interesting point to note is that in the province of Fars (including the present-day provinces of Fars and Bushehr, and parts of the neighboring areas) during the Sasanian period, all discovered fire altars were made of stone. Except for a few cases possibly dedicated to Azar-Bahram, all the other discovered fire temples had gypsum fire altars. With this description, there may be a specific meaning hidden in the choice of fire altar material during the Sasanian period. The question raised here is about the geographical location of fire temples in relation to the material of fire altars whether a clear connection could be established between the Sasanian-Period Fars and the construction materials of fire altars or not. This fundamental research was conducted by examining field data, archaeological studies, accidental discoveries from various locations, and utilizing library information. Additionally, one of the known types of fire altars, in the form of a curtain, is depicted on some Sasanian coins. Ultimately, it seems that since Fars was the seat of the Sasanian Empire, they displayed fire on stone fire altars. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction Developing the culture of using indigenous arts can reproduce cultural concepts and have an aesthetic impact on people's lives. The creation and consumption of indigenous artworks depict artistic identity and cultural legacy. That is why carpet production is the most important nomadic art for sustaining authenticity, local culture, and customs in some areas. The craft of carpet weaving in each region of Iran is a part of cultural heritage and ancestral and traditional culture. Fars’s nomadic carpets are among Iran's most important nomadic items, representing nomads' identity, culture, and indigenous, practical arts. In recent years, the influence of market’s tastes and standards has had a considerable impact on Fars’s nomadic carpet-production process. The main concern in this study is the separation of Fars’s nomadic carpets from their cultural and indigenous characteristics as a result of market situation, and its main objective is to identify the factors affecting the persona and cultural changes in the consumed fibers of these nomadic carpets. Research Method The present study used a descriptive-analytical approach. The information gathered through library sources and qualitative interviews with key informants. The research's statistical population consists of 50 carpet samples woven in the nomadic geography of Fars province. These carpets were picked in a targeted manner with maximum available sampling and investigated by the research topics. The planned selection of samples was motivated by the desire to observe the effects of marketing elements on the raw materials of carpets. The specimens were chosen according to comprehensive field investigations conducted in Fars province at carpet-weaving workshops, nomadic carpet weaving sites, and carpet sales markets. Qualitative research interviews were carried out with key respondents and Persian nomadic carpet experts. The research's statistical population comprised the carpets made based on the market's taste, criteria, and order. The provision of consumed fibers was also determined based on the employer's and producer's tastes. Research Findings In the present research the critical approach of the Frankfurt school was used to focus on the marketing of Fars’s nomadic carpets and investigate its submission to consumers' needs and to the requirements of mass production in choosing the type and quality of consumables for carpets. To this end, marketization was discussed. The impact of power and industrial society on the creation of nomadic carpets was researched and identified using a critical theory method. With the forced relocation of nomads in recent decades, carpet weaving seems to become an economic necessity for the nomads. To increase their profits and incomes, nomad carpet manufacturers have taken on a new shape aimed at commercial production. The nomadic productions were affected by factors such as the capitalist system, the spread of consumerism, the commercialization of nomadic products, and the connection to the city. These situations caused the nomads to prioritize the taste of audience the needs of market. Thus, the carpet texture began to adopt a new style. With changes in the nomads' lifestyle in the form of settlement and neighborhoods with cities as well as with the influence of industrial, market, and commercial factors, significant results emerged in the elements and components of the region's nomadic carpet products. To earn money, weavers ultimately shifted to producing carpets oriented towards client’s preferences and market-friendly criteria. This shift led to the commercialization of nomadic handicrafts. With the settlement of the nomads and the low cost of ready-made factory and machine skeins, they swiftly replaced industrial fibers with hand-spun wool. In recent decades, nomadic weavers have frequently produced carpets from industrial wool. Among the issues that caused the introduction of industrial fibers into nomadic carpet weaving, one can name the difficulty of acquiring hand-spun wool (which was typically involved a lot of cost and work for the nomads). He emphasized the duration of the spinning process as well as the impact of industrial and urban society components on nomadic carpet production. The nomad weavers employed cotton Beam yarn in the creation of carpets. The alteration in nomadic carpet manufacturing methods was resulted as an outcome of the nomads' interaction with the urban setting, their monitoring of urban productions, and the preferences of their producers. Silk thread is commonly utilized in the weaving of nomadic carpets. Silk carpet manufacture is seen as a major source of revenue among households in the countryside. Most of it is produced for the market rather than for personal consumption. According to what is expected, economic factors influence the choice of carpets and the incomes of countryside weavers. Conclusion Merchandising the products of Fars’s nomadic carpets had severe implications. The use of automated fibers, as a blend of different types of silk fibers and low-quality wool tanned, was to meet the market's demands for delicate, exquisite, and skillfully woven carpets. The weavers of these carpets eschewed traditional production processes. It created carpets with a nicely woven and marketable pattern. Such alterations in carpet technical components were raised as a result of nomadic carpet commercialization and marketing. With the entrance of technology through spinning factories and the manufacture of industrial fibers into the domain of nomadic carpet weaving, the convenience of using factory fibers and machine fibers instead of hand-spun threads boosted the weaver's speed. Weavers were less likely to employ natural fibers and hand-spun yarns due to the time-consuming process of spinning and the difficulty in preparing hand-spun wool, mostly connected with tremendous expense and issues for nomads. As expected, producers adopted and utilized factory fibers to speed up the carpet weaving process, complete the carpet, collect wages, and take orders. Such developments in the technical components of Fars’s nomadic carpets are the result of industrial society and the commercialization of nomadic carpets, which, in turn, have diminished carpet quality. The capitalist structure, with the support of the field of culture, attempts to degrade cultural and creative products to the status of commodities, producing them simply for distribution and capital acquisition. When the capitalist system transforms everything into products, artworks with different cultural backgrounds and features are not excluded from the commodification and marketization process. As a result, in the realm where everything under market logic is considered a commodity, areas such as indigenous regional arts, and nomadic carpet products derive their cultural identity and artistic components from being given and considered commodities for consumption. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of the most common methods to observe the indicators of hydatid cyst disease in human societies is to check the annual occurrence rate of confirmed cases in health centers or cases that have undergone surgery. Kenny disease applied Cystic Echinococcosis (CE). The main goal of this study is to systematically review statistical data related to CE between 2003 and 2023 in Fars province, one of the most populated provinces in the southwest of Iran. The results show that the highest prevalence of serology and surgery in this province is related to the age group below 50 years. Among the 299 positive cases detected by ELISA in serology, the prevalence rate among men is 55.85% and 44.14% among women. In 905 surgical cases, 51.60% were men, and 48.4% were women. In general, the obtained results show no significant relationship between the genders of people, but there is a relationship between age and the prevalence of the disease. The changes in this disease during these 20 years have not fluctuated much, and from this point of view, better measures can be taken to control this disease. Teaching the life cycle and transmission methods of this parasitic disease to humans in human societies is very important in preventing this parasitic disease.

AbstractIntroduction: The sharp decrease in rainfall has reached the peak of drought conditions in Fars province, so that the discharge of all rivers in Fars province has decreased between 70 to 100 percent, and due to the limitation of renewable water resources, there is a need for optimal and sustainable use of existing water resources. All reservoirs of dams in Fars province are necessary.Methods: The main purpose and methodology of this research is to design a mathematical planning model for the optimal allocation of water resources of selected dams in Fars province, in order to net advantage of the system on the planning horizon that issues such as time period, reliability level, course currents, number of dams and consider some scenarios. Accordingly, the objective function of the model seeks the maximum advantage obtained for dams based on the parameters set with three indices of scenario, dam and time period.Findings: At first, this model was considered for 5 users (dams) with 4 different scenarios in 10 monthly time periods, in which case the value of the objective function reached 39863110. Then, in order to analyze the sensitivity of the results and show the change of the optimal answer depending on the dimensions of the problem, the model was implemented for 10 users (dams) with 8 different scenarios in 20 monthly time periods in which the value of the objective function reached 82944240. Therefore, with the increase of the dimensions of the problem, a significant increase in the amount of the objective function and the optimal allocation of water resources of the selected centuries occurs in Fars province. Therefore, due to water shortages and recent droughts in Fars province, it is necessary to pay attention to sustainable and equitable development in planning the allocation of water resources and taking into account various indicators simultaneously.

A well-designed Agricultural Extension System (AES) can facilitate transitions towards sustainable agriculture. However, in most developing countries, AES has failed to promote sustainable agricultural development. The New Agricultural Extension System (NAES) was initiated to facilitate agricultural development in Iran. However, there is still no definite reflection on the influences of NAES on agricultural development. Therefore, this research aimed to evaluate the performance of NAES. To ensure an integrative and holistic analysis of the NAES's performance, the Complexity Theory (CT) and Agricultural Innovation System (AIS) approaches were used. To gather data, survey research was conducted in Fars Province, southern Iran. A multi-stage random sampling was used to identify the designated extension agents. The findings indicated that effective implementation of the NAES needs facilitated interaction through network mediation (X = 71.6), creation of an enabling context for the delivery of extension services (X = 66.6), improved communication and marketing infrastructures (X = 72), development of a value chain (X = 71.4), acceptance of self-organization (X = 67.8) and adoption of complexity-aware management (X = 66). The results also identified the hindering effects of demographic, structural and psychological factors on the practical application of CT and AIS principles. Some recommendations and implications are offered to improve the effectiveness of NAES. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Near the northwestern-southeastern foothills of the Marvdasht plain in Fars province, lie a range of ancient necropoleis which date from the reign of Darius I, the Achaemenid king and until the first century after the Muslim conquest. The well-known necropoleis of Naqsh-e Rostam and Persepolis have the most complex tombs among them. However, there are other burials in this region, although smaller and simpler or even imitative, which have considerable archeological importance, since they provide information for the social and political understanding of their time of creation, often known as the dark ages. The present study aims to introduce and analyze the structural-chronological features of the rock-cut tomb of Khūrigān, one of the recent discoveries near Naqsh-e Rostam. Regarding the architectural and stylistic characteristics of the tomb and its context, as well as considering its archeological landscape and using historical information, the period from the last century of the Achaemenid reign until the beginning of the Sassanid dynasty is considered for the general chronology of this tomb; however, through applying a more detailed perspective, we can attribute the chronology of this tomb to the first half of the 3rd until the 1st century BC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of the most common methods to observe the indicators of hydatid cyst disease in human societies is to check the annual occurrence rate of confirmed cases in health centers or cases that have undergone surgery. Kenny disease applied Cystic Echinococcosis (CE). The main goal of this study is to systematically review statistical data related to CE between 2003 and 2023 in Fars province, one of the most populated provinces in the southwest of Iran. The results show that the highest prevalence of serology and surgery in this province is related to the age group below 50 years. Among the 299 positive cases detected by ELISA in serology, the prevalence rate among men is 55.85% and 44.14% among women. In 905 surgical cases, 51.60% were men, and 48.4% were women. In general, the obtained results show no significant relationship between the genders of people, but there is a relationship between age and the prevalence of the disease. The changes in this disease during these 20 years have not fluctuated much, and from this point of view, better measures can be taken to control this disease. Teaching the life cycle and transmission methods of this parasitic disease to humans in human societies is very important in preventing this parasitic disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The increase in population and decrease in agricultural land per capita requires intelligent management to increase production per unit area and higher productivity of land use to ensure food security. In this regard, evaluation of soil fertility and productivity is a prerequisite for sustainable agricultural development. The present study sought to investigate the soil fertility status of GIS-based Fuzzy-AHP(FAHP) techniques to assess the soil fertility status of wheat crops in Shadkam plain of Fars province. For this purpose 210 study samples from topsoil were collected and the most important chemical parameters affecting soil fertility were analyzed. According to the results, the most important limiting characteristics were OC, available phosphorus and soil pH. The application of FAHP method determined 4130.01 ha, 10.82% of land very high fertility class, 7615.30 ha, 19.95% high fertility class, 23942.30 ha, 62.77% moderately fertility class, and 2452.10 ha, 6.42% low fertility class. Thus, the fuzzy-AHP model is found to be of high accuracy for predicting soil fertility in the study area. Overall, it can be concluded that the preparation of a soil fertility map separately can be an effective tool and first step in soil fertility studies and the optimal use of fertilizers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Akabane disease is an arthropod-borne viral disease that affects ruminants. This teratogenic pathogen causes severe economic losses in ruminants worldwide and in Iran; however, it has not received enough attention in Fars province, Iran. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the influence of age, gender, climate, farming system, and history of abortions on the seroprevalence of the Akabane disease in sheep and goats in Fars province. In the present study, Fars province was divided into three climates, and three cities were randomly selected from each climatic region. In each city, two epidemiologic units were selected, and all sheep and goats in each unit were sampled. Overall, 540 serum samples (391 sheep and 149 goats) were collected and examined with the commercial ELISA kit. The results showed that 83 out of 540 (15.4%) samples were seropositive and had antibodies against the Akabane virus (AKAV). The effect of gender and age on the rate of the AKAV was not significant. Animals in warm climates were 4.218 times more likely to have antibodies against the AKAV than animals in cold climates. Females were 1.32 times more likely to exhibit seropositivity. The odds of AKAV infection were higher in animals with an abortion history than in healthy animals. The findings of the present study indicated that the prevalence of the AKAV was high in small ruminants in Fars province. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct more studies to control the risk factors involved in the spread of this virus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this research is to investigate the relationship between the social responsibility of human resources management and the organizational citizenship behavior of employees of private companies in Fars province with the moderating role of responsible leadership. The statistical population of this research is more than 100 thousand people and the statistical sample using Morgan 's table is 384 people. Information is collected by library, field and internet methods. In this research, using correlation and regression methods, with spss software and structural equations with smart-pls software, the relationships between research variables are tested. The results of the research showed that responsible leadership is one of the most emerging and compensated leadership styles to promote the credibility of an organization and maintain the sustainable development of the organization and society. Organizational citizenship behavior describes employee behavior related to environmental protection that is not controlled by any organization 's formal reward system. Basically, it is the voluntary behavior of employees that is directed towards environmental protection, and it represents an operational supplement for people 's environmental protection behavior and organizations ' green growth approaches. Responsible leadership positively and significantly affects organizational citizenship behavior. Psychological ownership plays a mediating role in the relationship between responsible leadership and organizational citizenship behavior, environmental commitment of employees plays a moderating role between responsible leadership and psychological ownership and organizational citizenship behavior. Responsible leadership creates a sense of responsibility and encourages employees to adopt environmental protection behavior.

Objective: Most economic and financial theories, according to the "rational economic man" theory, assume that when investing, investors consider all aspects and make completely rational decisions. However, the concept of a rational person remains ambiguous since human decisions deviate from the standard assumptions of economics. Individual stocks are recommended for purchase or sale by financial experts and stock market analysts and are followed by a large number of individual and institutional investors. Analysts provide information of varying quality to various groups of investors, as a result of the differences in these groups' characteristics and the information available to them, each group behaves differently. Since each of these groups may uniquely rely on the market, understanding the basis of the collective behavior of different investor groups can lead to a better understanding of price fluctuations. This study investigates how investors in the Iranian province of Fars react to the recommendations of fundamental analysts when selling shares.Methods: In this study, the laboratory-field method was employed to design and execute two experiments involving a total of 315 investors. The participants were divided into control and experimental groups, and the study focused on investigating the presence or absence of the tendency effect in the Iranian stock market within the control group. The impact of analysts' reasoning and recommendations on investor decisions and behavior was evaluated in the experimental group.Results: The first experiment showed that the Iranian stock market is influenced by a tendency effect. The findings of the second experiment revealed that under good market conditions, investors kept winning stocks with both strong and weak analyst recommendations. Under difficult market conditions, investors were less likely to sell losing stocks (with negative returns) with excellent expert recommendations but more eager to sell with weak analyst recommendations.Conclusion: The purpose of this study was to examine how the recommendations of fundamental analysts impact the decision-making of stock exchange investors in the Fars province of Iran regarding the sale of stocks. Accordingly, 315 Tehran Stock Exchange investors from various cities in Fars province were divided into two experimental groups (each with 130 participants) and a control group (including 55 participants). The research findings indicated that given favorable market circumstances and the lucrative share position, with both the analyst's strong and weak recommendation (based on keeping the share), people resist selling and begin to keep the share. Furthermore, despite the analyst's strong recommendation, people stop selling and risk keeping the shares due to unfavorable market conditions and the losing stock's position (with additional information to support the recommendation to sell the shares). Unlike earlier studies, this study investigated the impact of fundamental analysts' recommendations on investors' decisions to sell shares depending on probability.

Flow resistance in rivers with vegetation patches is one of the challenging parameters in river engineering. This study aimed to investigate the effect of vegetation patches on flow resistance in Shapur, Fahlian, and Dalaki rivers. The data measured in this study include velocity measurement, surveying, and bed sampling. In this study, considering the simplifying assumptions, the equation for the flow resistance due to vegetation patches was derivated. Accordingly, the flow resistance due to vegetation patches was obtained by the difference in the flow resistance due to bed from the value of the total flow resistance for each section. The results show that the average percentage of vegetation patches’ contribution from the total flow resistance is 44%, which shows the significant effect of vegetation patches on flow resistance. In addition, an investigation of 71 measured velocity profiles showed the phenomenon of Dip in the velocity profiles near the vegetation patches, and by moving away from the vegetation patches, the effect of this phenomenon is reduced and the profiles become S-shaped.

Background: Traditional herbal medicine has a long history in the Persian communities of Fars province, especially in Fasa County. Despite the longstanding history and robust culture of traditional medicine in this region, there is no comprehensive study on the ethnobotanical knowledge of this unique region with residents historically dependent on medicinal plants. Objective: Hence, the main objective of this study was to identify and record medicine plants and traditional herbal knowledge of the ethnic communities of Fasa County in the Fars province of Iran. Methods: Ethnopharmacological data were collected using semi-structured questionnaires, guided walks, and group interviews during a period of two years (2021-2022). 45 local informants were selected and interviewed for data collection. We calculated quantitative factors including informant consensus factors (ICF), and use reports (UR) for each species. Medicinal plant species were identified through standard taxonomic methods by botanists. Results: The local communities have documented 62 medicinal plants across 58 genera from 27 families, which are used to treat 12 different categories of ailments. The most common preparation method was infusion, followed by decoction and poultice. Dermatological (ICF = 0.93), neurological (0.92), and digestive (ICF = 0.91) diseases were documented as the most common ailment categories in this area. Conclusion: The study results indicated that the traditional herbal knowledge of Fasa County is still rich and it revealed an obvious relationship between the ancient medicinal culture of this region and Iranian Traditional Medicine. Therefore, evaluation of the pharmacological activity of highly utilized medicinal plants could result in new herbal drugs.

Social capital is an essential type of capital that influences the growth and development of societies. The present descriptive-survey research aimed to capture CEOs' social capital predictors in the agricultural consultation, technical, and engineering service companies in Fars province, Iran. The CEOs, who amounted to 107 people, all participated in the research. The data collection instrument was a questionnaire whose content and face validity were confirmed by a panel of experts and whose reliability was calculated by Cronbach's alpha at 0.82. Data were analyzed in the SPSS22 software package. Based on data analysis, eight social capital items were derived and prioritized. They included social participation, social proactivity, social trust, neighborhood connections, friends and family connections, capacity to accept differences, appreciation of life, and work connections. Based on the ranking of these elements, social proactivity, work connections, and friends and family connections were ranked first to third, respectively. Also, step-by-step multiple regression analysis revealed that the three variables of the feeling of job security, investment, and media were the independent variables that accounted for the CEO's social capital. Programs provided by the media should focus on promoting people's social solidarity. Some investment must be made by these companies in social activities and encouragement of the target community's participation and trust. The success of the agricultural consultation, technical, and engineering service companies is based on the principles of specialty, trust, participation, and social solidarity, showing the existence of social capital in these companies. Therefore, social capital and factors that predict it influence the productivity and efficiency of the companies.

The oribatid mite Ghilarovus humeridens Krivolutsky, 1966 (Oribatida, Zetomotrichidae), the type species of the genus originally described from Turkmenistan, is recorded in Iran for the first time. A supplementary description of this species is given with detailed illustrations based on Iranian materials. The main morphological traits of G. humeridens are summarized. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: In recent years, the reliance of organizations on the knowledge capital that originates from their employees has increased. This internal knowledge is the main factor of success and survival in today's business environment. Knowledge-oriented organizations consider knowledge sharing as an important learning strategy to achieve innovative performance. With the increasing dependence of the economy on knowledge, today knowledge is considered as the most important factor in gaining competitive advantage and achieving greater performance and profitability. All organizations -both large and small ones-consider knowledge as an essential resource in gaining a competitive advantage. Of course, Knowledge will be effective when it is shared among the employees of the organization and finally used in practice. Therefore, knowledge sharing not only makes employees share their previous knowledge with others, it also helps them to gain valuable new knowledge; It helps to create, improve and implement innovative ideas. This research aims to develop the argument that knowledge sharing strengthens the effect of the role of organizational climate on innovative work behavior; It examines the effect of organizational climate on the innovative behavior of employees and the mediating role of knowledge sharing in knowledge-based companies in Fars province, in order to properly understand the type of relationship and how organizational climate and knowledge sharing influence the innovative performance of employees in knowledge-based companies. Managers find the possibility to plan and manage more appropriate measures for the development of innovation in the company, in line with the greater productivity of the organization. Method: The current research is an applied research. which investigated the effect of organizational climate on knowledge sharing and innovative work behavior of employees of knowledge-based companies in Fars province in the year 2021 with an experimental method. According to Cochran's formula, the statistical sample size is 190 people. Due to the possibility of non-cooperation of some statistical samples in completing the questionnaire, the questionnaire was sent to 250 people from the statistical population. 235 questionnaires were completed by employees of knowledge-based companies. In order to cover the objectives of the research, a combined questionnaire was used, including the organizational climate questionnaire of Jane, Farmer, Pichatka, Frederick and Lukas (2015), the knowledge sharing questionnaire of Jane et al. (2015) and the innovative behavior questionnaire of Janssen (2004). In order to analyze the data and respond to the research hypotheses, confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modeling were used by SmartPLS software. In order to check the validity of the questionnaire, formal and content validity methods were used. In this way, the questionnaire was given to 5 experts in the field of entrepreneurship, and they were asked for their opinions on the questions and the evaluation of the hypotheses, and they unanimously approved the questionnaire. Also, a confirmatory factor analysis was carried out using SmartPLS software, and its validity checked out. In order to calculate the reliability of the questionnaire, Cronbach's alpha coefficient was calculated. The partial least squares method was used to validate the model. The results of running the model in the standard estimation mode show the direction and intensity of the relationship between the variables. In order to check the significance of the relationships between the variables of the model, the bootstrap method was used. In this research, convergent validity, composite reliability, Cronbach's alpha and divergent validity were used to fit the external model. Findings: In the case of all constructs, the average variance extracted is greater than 0.5, so there is a convergent validity. Cronbach's alpha of all variables is greater than 0.7, so the reliability is confirmed. The combined reliability value is also greater than the extracted average variance and, in all cases, it is greater than the threshold of 0.7, so the third condition is also met. The coefficient of influence of organizational climate on innovative behavior was obtained as 0.409. Also, the value of t statistic is 4.160. Therefore, it can be claimed with 95% certainty: organizational climate has a positive and significant effect on innovative behavior. The coefficient of influence of organizational atmosphere on knowledge sharing was obtained as 0.854. Also, the value of t-test is 9.522. Therefore, it can be claimed with 95% confidence that organizational climate has a positive and significant effect on knowledge sharing. The effect coefficient of knowledge sharing on innovative behavior is 0.396. Also, the value of t-test was 2.575. Therefore, it can be claimed with 95% confidence: knowledge sharing has a positive and significant effect on innovative behavior. Conclusion: Based on the results obtained in this research, the organizational climate has a positive and significant effect on the knowledge sharing of employees in knowledge-based companies. Examining the relationship between knowledge sharing and innovative work behavior confirms the positive and significant effect of knowledge sharing on innovative behavior among employees of knowledge-based companies. The innovative behavior of employees is a type of motivating behavior; on the other hand, sharing knowledge is a behavior beyond the actual role of employees in the organization. Therefore, considering this fact, it can be expected that when the level of knowledge and information exchange in the organization is higher, the motivation of employees for innovative activities will increase. Therefore, the increase of information resources resulting from knowledge sharing can be considered as one of the factors of innovative work behavior in the organization. The general results of this research show the direct and indirect effect of the organizational climate (through knowledge sharing) on the innovative work behavior of employees of knowledgebased companies in Fars province. Knowledge sharing increases the effect of organizational climate on innovative work behavior. Based on this, it can be concluded that knowledge sharing behavior has a decisive role in the emergence of innovative work behavior. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The climate change that have occurred in recent years in Fars province have been recognized as one of the most important environmental challenges in this region. These climate changes have had significant impacts on land use and land cover in this region. Considering this issue, the use of systematic methods for land use and land cover management is very useful. Materials and Methods: In this study, we used a system dynamic approach, the behavior of the land use and land cover system in Fars province was simulated and its response to various climate changes was investigated over the period of 2020-2050. Findings: The results showed that during the simulation period, the urban land and saltland areas are expected to be uptrend, over a period of 30 years. In contrast, the areas of agricultural, forest cover, rangeland and waterbody areas have had a downward trend in area changes. Conclusion: With the current conditions that have been associated with the reduction of rainfall and underground water resources, we will face a crisis of agriculture water in the near future, and success come from those countries that have this vital resource and preserve it well. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: To support broiler producers and consumers, the government has implemented a range of policies in recent years. These policies involve the supply and distribution of subsidized inputs, as well as supportive purchase and distribution of chicken meat, aimed at regulating the market in Iran. Government intervention significantly influences the cost and real price of the commodity. These distortions can pose challenges for the economic evaluation of the production process and decisionmaking. The objective of this study was to assess the cost and income status of broiler producers across different capacities, considering both shadow and market prices, within Fars province. We calculated and analyzed the comparative advantage of broiler production using relevant evaluation indices. Furthermore, we assessed and analyzed the impact of government policies on the input market, broiler production, and overall support. Additionally, we investigated and analyzed the effects of factors such as production unit capacity and season on the comparative advantage of broiler production. Materials and Methods: To assess the extent of distortions and the impact of government policies on broiler production and consumption, we utilized the Policy Analysis Matrix (PAM) method. This method stands as one of the most comprehensive approaches for measuring comparative advantage. The Policy Analysis Matrix involves a dual-accounting technique that condenses budgeting information for both in-farm and out-of-farm activities. It operates based on a fundamental equation (profit = income - cost) and proves particularly significant in examining the effects of government intervention in the agricultural production process. This examination helps in making informed decisions regarding the continuation of existing policies or the design of new programs. Findings: Based on the results, the Domestic Resource Cost is found to be less than one, indicating that broiler production holds a comparative advantage in Fars Province. The Nominal Protection Coefficient for Output also falls below one, suggesting indirect taxation on producers. Similarly, the Nominal Protection Coefficient for Input is less than one, highlighting that the shadow price of inputs exceeds their market price, indicating indirect subsidies. Based on the Effective Protection Coefficient, it is evident that the simultaneous government interventions in the input and output markets have been to the detriment of broiler producers. Conclusion: Broiler production in Fars Province exhibits a comparative advantage; however, its current production heavily relies on imported inputs such as corn and soybean meal. The production and supply of broilers have experienced significant fluctuations in recent years due to government policies in both the input and consumption markets. To mitigate these fluctuations and stabilize the market, it is recommended that the government gradually reduces support for inputs by adjusting the exchange rate and ensuring transparency in the pricing of imported inputs. Additionally, less interference in determining the price of chicken meat on the consumption side would contribute to a more stable market. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AbstractIntroduction: Iran is located in arid and semi-arid climate and the rainfall in Iran is less than one-third of the world average. The agricultural sector is the main cause of water loss, as more than 90% of the water is consumed in this sector.Methods: This study is a survey. Documentary method has also been used to develop theoretical records and empirical records.Findings: The effects of water scarceness on social security feeling variable showed that 32.2% of its changes were explained by the model. There is a covariant relationship between external factors affecting the sense of collective security and the sense of intellectual security, as well as external factors affecting the feeling of surface water shortage and the sense of life security. On the other hand, the feeling of lack of surface water has a direct effect on the sense of intellectual security. The results of this study show that water scarcity has a direct impact on farmers' safety, based on the findings, the mean sense of social security and its dimensions among farmers in Fahlian plain which has better water resources status is more than the amount for Kharameh farmers who have poor water resources status, so water scarcity is effective in terms of financial, life, intellectual and collective.

Background: Lung cancer (LC) is the second most common and deadliest cancer in the world. Despite the control of the progressive course of LC in developed countries, studies indicate an increase in the incidence of the disease in developing countries. We designed a stepwise approach-based surveillance system for registering LC in our region (fars lung cancer registry "FaLCaRe" Project). Materials and Methods: A questionnaire was designed and agreed upon by the steering committee using the Delphi method. Variables in nine fields were divided into three groups based on their importance: core, expanded core, and optional. The web-based data bank software was designed. The informative site about LC and team services was designed and launched for professional and community (www.falcare. org) educational purposes. Results: 545 variables in nine fields were designed (20 core variables). Primary data of 39 LC patients (24 men and 15 women) with a mean age of 62 years were analyzed. Twenty-six patients had a history of smoking. Moreover, 39% and 26% of patients had a history of hookah smoking and opium use, respectively. Adenocarcinoma was the most prevalent pathologic findings in cases. More than 80% of patients were diagnosed in stages 3 and 4 of cancer. Conclusion: FaLCaRe Project with the capabilities seen in it can be used as a model for national LC registration. With continuous valid data registry about LC, it is possible to make decisions at the national level for control and management its consequences while drawing the natural history of the LC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The outbreak of COVID-19 has become the current crisis in most countries. Therefore, paying attention to the consequences and determinants of COVID-19. Mortality can lead to better control of the condition. This study aimed to investigate the COVID-19 mortality rate and its demographic and health determinants in Fars province.Methods: This research was conducted using a quantitative method. For this purpose, available data for selected counties in Fars province were analyzed. The COVID-19 mortality rate was considered a dependent variable. In addition, the variables of literacy rate, urbanization rate, elderly population ratio, unemployment rate, the ratio of the active hospital, ratio of prehospital emergency stations, the ratio of centers for primary health care, and the ratio of active hospital beds were considered independent variables.Results: Findings showed that the variables of the elderly population ratio, urbanization rate, and unemployment rate had a direct relationship with the COVID-19 mortality rate. The findings also indicated that the COVID-19 mortality rate in the 45-49 age range begins to accelerate and peaks between 95 and 99 years old. In addition, the literacy rate was inversely related to the COVID-19 mortality rate. The results also showed an inverse relationship between all the selected health variables and the dependent variable.Conclusion: Improving the economic situation, specifically reducing the unemployment rate, emphasizing public education of the people, as well as improving the medical and health facilities, can facilitate the response to pandemics.

IntroductionCurrently, many disasters threaten the health of ecosystems. The pressures caused by extensive human interventions and the unprincipled exploitation of natural resources have led to the degradation of natural resources and the structure and functioning of ecosystems. Hence, evaluating the consequences of human intervention in nature and meeting the growing need of humans to receive diverse services has made it necessary to evaluate the performance of watershed ecosystems in providing different services. Healthy watersheds play an important role in providing a wide variety of ecosystem services. Therefore, watershed health monitoring and evaluation is vital for the conservation of ecosystems and achieving the optimal level of services. In such a way a suitable collaborative and executive approach is established between research and watershed management. In this connection, watershed health analysis can provide valuable help in achieving the goals of integrated management of watersheds and, of course, the balance between the needs of human societies and ecosystems. However, the assessment of the health and sustainability of the watershed affected by human activities has not been sufficiently documented yet.Materials and MethodsThe current pilot research has evaluated the health of the Shiraz Darwazeh Quran Watershed in Fars Province, Iran, and the effect of existing watershed management structures in the region on the health of the watershed with a focus on floods. For this purpose, 36 key criteria from a set of climatic, anthropogenic, and hydrologic factors were identified based on the conditions of the region and the analysis of the flood occurrence process in the watershed. The selected criteria were then categorized into the three indices of pressure (P), state (S), and response (R). After screening the selected criteria in exploring the conceptual approach of pressure, state, and response (PSR), the health status was evaluated in two cases with and without watershed management structures.Results and DiscussionThe results showed that the health condition without considering the watershed management structures was at average conditions with health index of 0.55. In addition, the results of the watershed health assessment verified the non-significant effects of stone and mortar structures on improving watershed health. So that, the health conditions was remained at average status with health index of 0.53. Therefore, it can be acknowledged that the existing watershed management structures, due to the limited both number and spatial coverage, have not been able to noticeably affect the improvement of the general conditions of the watershed, despite the effect on the factors affecting the health of the sub-watersheds where the structures have been constructed. The spatial changes of the calculated variables showed that the abandoned lands, time of concentration, area under military activities, surface of sensitive formations to erosion, high density of the drainage network, density of the roads, areas of regions with high potential in producing runoff and sediment, and size of the residential areas were the most important factors affecting the health situation of the Darwazeh Quran Watershed.ConclusionAccording to the results of the analysis of the indicators and criteria considered in evaluation of the health of the Shiraz Darwazeh Quran Watershed based on the PSR approach, it was found that the watershed had an average health status. Therefore, it can be acknowledged that the existing watershed management structures have not been able to impose a noticeable effect on the prosperity and improvement of watershed health conditions. In general, it can be said that abandoned lands, short concentration time, military activities, the presence of formations sensitive to erosion, high density of drainage network and road, and the potential of high runoff and sediment production, and the size of residential areas are among the most important factors affecting the declining the health of Darwazeh Quran Watershed. Therefore, it is necessary to pay further attention to the aforesaid factors by conducting periodical monitoring with more comprehensive data, in time and also analyzing the trend of relative changes of the indicators in order to explain the adaptive and intelligent management of the watershed. The necessary measures should also be taken into account simultaneously. Therefore, it is suggested to turn the weak points of the region into strong points by applying bioengineering measures and use the opportunities in the region such as the potential of tourism and ecological features in order to improve the health status of the watershed.

Excessive abstraction of groundwater aquifers in the country has caused a sharp drop in the aquifer water level and the loss of aquatic aquifers, the effects of which is the phenomenon of subsidence. In this study, simulation of groundwater level changes in Marvdasht-Kharameh basin from a validation period and processing of a large set of raw data in Modflow mathematical model was used. The output results of sensitivity analysis of effective parameters in the calibration of Marvdasht aquifer show the maximum effect of hydraulic conductivity parameters and horizontal hydraulic conductance anisotropy and a set of linear groups of water supply network. Therefore, it is in line with the statistics of the Fars Regional Water Organization that there are wells with high discharge in these areas. According to the conditions of the aquifer, if the current operation trend continues, it is predicted that the groundwater level will drop by 15 meters during the years 2019 to 2029. Also, according to the average land subsidence, which averages 0.76 meters per 10 meters. The average land subsidence with the current harvest trend in the next ten years is predictable 114.78 cm and with a 30% increase in harvest, the rate of aquifer decline over the next 20 years is about 37 meters with an annual decline of about It is 1.9 meters. Land subsidence in this case is also predicted to be about 280 cm. Finally, according to the maps prepared from Marvdasht aquifer, due to the alluvial nature of the groundwater aquifer, the effect of water level drop can be observed from a short distance. The rate of subsidence in the southern and southwestern margins of the plain due to the low thickness of sediments and in the northern and northeastern parts of the plain due to coarse-grained sediments, is less than the central parts of the plain.

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between knowledge management and organizational learning among public librarians in Fars province. Method: This study is an applied study which was conducted using the descriptive-correlational method. The statistical population included all librarians of public libraries in Fars province in 1400 (322 people), from whom 175 librarians were selected as the research sample using simple random sampling. In order to collect people's opinions, Bukowitz and Williams (1999) standard knowledge management questionnaire and organizational learning questionnaire based on Neefe theory (2001) were used. In order to analyze the data, SPSS software version 22. and descriptive statistical methods such as frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, and in inferential statistics, Pearson correlation test and multiple linear regression were used. Findings: The results of correlation coefficient showed that there was a significant relationship between knowledge management (KM) and organizational learning (OL) among the librarians of public libraries in Fars province. Furthermore, among KM’s components, knowledge production and consolidation and sharing had the most correlation with OL (respectively 0.900 and 0/898 correlation coefficients). Moreover, the result of multiple linear regression showed that there is a 100-percent common variance between KM and OL. The production and consolidation component is the strongest predictor for OL (Beta=0.197). This research showed that knowledge production and consolidation component (acquisition of required skills in accordance with organizational goals) and knowledge sharing (transfer and sharing of effective individual and organizational experiences) have the greatest relationship and impact on the promotion and improvement of OL. Originality/value: The issue of knowledge management has been an issue of concern in public library literature in recent years. However, the relationship between knowledge management and organizational learning has not been studied much; In addition, examining this issue among the community of public library librarians of Fars province has been the focus of attention in the present study. The results of this research can pave the way for library managers to try to improve knowledge and knowledge management that has led to organizational learning by planning, appropriate policies, and providing standards.

In a 2022 survey conducted in Jahrom, Fars province, Iran, the dog rose yellows (DRY) disease was observed in Rosa canina L. plants. The disease manifested as severe yellowing, leaf curling, reduced flowering, abnormal flowers and stunted growth (Fig. 1). DNA from 15 symptomatic and four asymptomatic plants were analyzed for phytoplasma presence. Nested PCR with P1/P7 and R16F2n/R16R2 primers (Lee et al., 1998) yielded 1.25 kbp fragments exclusively from symptomatic plants. The sequences from these samples were identical and one was submitted to GenBank (Accession No. OQ332406). BLAST analysis revealed that the Jahrom DRY phytoplasma sequence matched with two Iranian 16SrI-B strains: Bajgah Tragopogon dubius phyllody (KR262955) and Zarghan onion yellows (MG519854). Phylogenetic analysis placed DRY phytoplasma within the 16SrI group, closet to the 16SrI-B subgroup (Fig. 2). In Iran, 16SrI-B phytoplasma subgroup has a wide host range and at least 11 plant species are reported as hosts of this subgroup (Esmaeilzadeh-Hosseini et al., 2023). Fifteen infected plants relative to 250 plants assessed, showed a noticeable distribution of the DRY disease. This report marks the first association of a 16SrI-B phytoplasma with DRY disease in Iran. Circulifer haematoceps leafhopper has been previously reported as vector of rapeseed phyllody phytoplasma, a 16SrI-B subgroup strain (Salehi et al., 2011) in Iran. However, the ability of C. haematoceps to transmit this 16SrI-B subgroup phytoplasma to dog rose is yet to be tested. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Most economic and financial theories, according to the "rational economic man" theory, assume that when investing, investors consider all aspects and make completely rational decisions. However, the concept of a rational person remains ambiguous since human decisions deviate from the standard assumptions of economics. Individual stocks are recommended for purchase or sale by financial experts and stock market analysts and are followed by a large number of individual and institutional investors. Analysts provide information of varying quality to various groups of investors, as a result of the differences in these groups' characteristics and the information available to them, each group behaves differently. Since each of these groups may uniquely rely on the market, understanding the basis of the collective behavior of different investor groups can lead to a better understanding of price fluctuations. This study investigates how investors in the Iranian province of Fars react to the recommendations of fundamental analysts when selling shares. Methods: In this study, the laboratory-field method was employed to design and execute two experiments involving a total of 315 investors. The participants were divided into control and experimental groups, and the study focused on investigating the presence or absence of the tendency effect in the Iranian stock market within the control group. The impact of analysts' reasoning and recommendations on investor decisions and behavior was evaluated in the experimental group. Results: The first experiment showed that the Iranian stock market is influenced by a tendency effect. The findings of the second experiment revealed that under good market conditions, investors kept winning stocks with both strong and weak analyst recommendations. Under difficult market conditions, investors were less likely to sell losing stocks (with negative returns) with excellent expert recommendations but more eager to sell with weak analyst recommendations. Conclusion: The purpose of this study was to examine how the recommendations of fundamental analysts impact the decision-making of stock exchange investors in the Fars province of Iran regarding the sale of stocks. Accordingly, 315 Tehran Stock Exchange investors from various cities in Fars province were divided into two experimental groups (each with 130 participants) and a control group (including 55 participants). The research findings indicated that given favorable market circumstances and the lucrative share position, with both the analyst's strong and weak recommendation (based on keeping the share), people resist selling and begin to keep the share. Furthermore, despite the analyst's strong recommendation, people stop selling and risk keeping the shares due to unfavorable market conditions and the losing stock's position (with additional information to support the recommendation to sell the shares). Unlike earlier studies, this study investigated the impact of fundamental analysts' recommendations on investors' decisions to sell shares depending on probability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Objectives: The purpose of this study was to determine the cases of complaints of medical malpractice in gastroenterology referred to Fars Forensic Medicine from 2005 to 2020. Materials and Methods: In a descriptive and retrospective study, the cases of adult gastroenterology medical malpractice cases referred to the specialized commissions of Forensic Medicine in Fars province from 2005 to 2020 were examined. The data were expressed in the form of descriptive statistics. Chi-square test was used to compare the frequency between groups. Results: The frequency of claims against the field of gastroenterology had increased more than 6 times in the second five-years of review. In terms of the health status of the plaintiffs, 56 patients (64.36%) died, 4 patients (4.59%) were disabled, 10 patients (11.49%) were recovering, and 8 patients (10. 30%) were improved. Conclusion: This study showed that during the studied years, the frequency of complaints from the specialized field of adult gastroenterology has gradually increased. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Gully erosion is one of the most important types of water erosion, which has a great role in the destruction of land production capacity due to intra-regional and extra-regional effects. Preparing a spatial map of the possibility of gully erosion for better management of land use with the aim of reducing land degradation in areas prone to gully occurrence is very efficient. The distribution of this erosion in Iran and the extent of factors and processes affecting its creation have been a major obstacle in creating a comprehensive model for predicting its occurrence on a large scale. The purpose of this study is to prepare a map of the probability of gully erosion using the machine learning model of maximum entropy in Fars province. In this research, it has been tried to use variables related to terrestrial characteristics, especially soil. According to the results, the area under the ROC curve is above 90%, which shows that the model has been able to evaluate the gully erosion in the study area using the studied data. According to the results of the Jaknaev test, the variables of R horizon probability, soil depth, percentage of coarse grains, pH, and silt particles have the greatest impact on modeling moat erosion in the study area. The spatial distribution map of the occurrence of the gully is a map of land susceptibility to gully erosion. Based on the findings, the highest sensitivity to gully erosion is related to the south of Fars province. The map prepared in this research can be used as a basic map for land management, managers and engineers of urban planning, road construction, natural resources, and agriculture.

Purpose: The purpose of this applied research is to investigate the role of social capital on the performance of rural cooperatives in Fars province. Methodology: The statistical population of the present study consists of members of 173 active rural cooperatives in Fars province (295,367 people). Considering the geographical size of the province and the large size of the statistical population, 384 people were selected as a statistical sample using Cochran's formula. A simple random sampling method was used to distribute the questionnaires among the samples. The main tool for collecting field data was the researcher-made questionnaire, whose validity and reliability have been confirmed by observing the principles of field research methods. Findings and conclusions: The results of the research showed that the general state of social capital among the members of rural cooperatives in Fars province (including the dimensions of trust, cohesion, awareness and social participation) is at an acceptable level (above average); However, the members' satisfaction with the performance of rural cooperatives in terms of managerial, social, economic, general performance and laws and regulations is at an average level. Based on the results, social capital indicators had a significant effect on the performance of rural cooperatives. Originality: The discussion of the performance of managers in the five sections in question was one of the main cases studied in this research, therefore, the innovation that took place in it was that the performance was examined through the survey of the members of the cooperatives.

Background and Objectives: Medical malpractice as professional negligence may cause injury or death of the patient. The purpose of this study was to investigate the cases of complaints against radiology specialists and medical staff referred to Fars Province General Administration of Forensic Medicine. Materials and Methods: In this descriptive study, all cases of medical malpractice complaints in the specialized field of radiology from 2001 to 2020 referred to Fars Province General Administration of Forensic Medicine were investigated. Descriptive statistics were used to report the findings. Results: In the present study, there were 64 complaints. According to the results of the commission, 38 cases (59.37%) were acquitted, and 22 cases (34.37%) were convicted. In terms of type of malpractice, 10 cases (15.62%) were non-observance of government rules followed by compound malpractice occurred in 9 cases (14.06%). Conclusion: In the present study, the most frequent types of malpractice were failure to comply with government systems and compound malpractice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Leptus (Leptus) hajiqanbari sp. nov. (Acari: Erythraeidae), detached from unknown Noctuidae (Insecta: Lepidoptera) from Jahrom City, Fars Province, Iran, is described and illustrated based on the larva. This species belongs to the anomalus species group and iguacuicus species subgroup which can be identified based on the characters as follows: Palpal femur with one seta, palpal genu with two setae, four setae between coxae II and III and sensillary setae setulose throughout the length. A key to species of iguacuicus species subgroup is presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Potential evapotranspiration (PET) is an effective variable in the hydrological cycle which has a determinative role in the amount of water consumption, especially in agricultural sectors. Considering the effect of climatic variables and their changes on the rate of PET, in this research, the effects of changes in six climatic variables on the rate of PET were evaluated at seven levels, namely −20%, −10%, −5%, observed or actual data, +5%, +10%, and +20%. In this study, five stations were used from March 21, 1988, to January 20, 2019, on the daily and seasonal time scales. The fuzzy clustering algorithm (FCA) was applied to evaluate the effect of the changes in climatic variables on the PET. The results indicated that the sensitivity of PET to the increasing changes in the mean daily maximum and minimum temperature, the mean daily maximum and minimum relative humidity, and the mean daily wind speed variables were more than the decreasing changes. Our analysis indicates, on daily and seasonal time scales, PET was most sensitive to changes in the maximum temperature. A 20% increase in maximum temperature corresponds to a 10% increase in the rate of PET. Also, PET was least sensitive to changes in the minimum temperature. A 20% increase in minimum temperature corresponds to a 0.5% increase in the rate of PET. The results showed that the effect of change in maximum temperature and minimum temperature variables on the PET values in warmer seasons such as summer and spring was more than in colder seasons such as winter and autumn. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction Currently, many disasters threaten the health of ecosystems. The pressures caused by extensive human interventions and the unprincipled exploitation of natural resources have led to the degradation of natural resources and the structure and functioning of ecosystems. Hence, evaluating the consequences of human intervention in nature and meeting the growing need of humans to receive diverse services has made it necessary to evaluate the performance of watershed ecosystems in providing different services. Healthy watersheds play an important role in providing a wide variety of ecosystem services. Therefore, watershed health monitoring and evaluation is vital for the conservation of ecosystems and achieving the optimal level of services. In such a way a suitable collaborative and executive approach is established between research and watershed management. In this connection, watershed health analysis can provide valuable help in achieving the goals of integrated management of watersheds and, of course, the balance between the needs of human societies and ecosystems. However, the assessment of the health and sustainability of the watershed affected by human activities has not been sufficiently documented yet. Materials and Methods The current pilot research has evaluated the health of the Shiraz Darwazeh Quran Watershed in Fars Province, Iran, and the effect of existing watershed management structures in the region on the health of the watershed with a focus on floods. For this purpose, 36 key criteria from a set of climatic, anthropogenic, and hydrologic factors were identified based on the conditions of the region and the analysis of the flood occurrence process in the watershed. The selected criteria were then categorized into the three indices of pressure (P), state (S), and response (R). After screening the selected criteria in exploring the conceptual approach of pressure, state, and response (PSR), the health status was evaluated in two cases with and without watershed management structures. Results and Discussion The results showed that the health condition without considering the watershed management structures was at average conditions with health index of 0.55. In addition, the results of the watershed health assessment verified the non-significant effects of stone and mortar structures on improving watershed health. So that, the health conditions was remained at average status with health index of 0.53. Therefore, it can be acknowledged that the existing watershed management structures, due to the limited both number and spatial coverage, have not been able to noticeably affect the improvement of the general conditions of the watershed, despite the effect on the factors affecting the health of the sub-watersheds where the structures have been constructed. The spatial changes of the calculated variables showed that the abandoned lands, time of concentration, area under military activities, surface of sensitive formations to erosion, high density of the drainage network, density of the roads, areas of regions with high potential in producing runoff and sediment, and size of the residential areas were the most important factors affecting the health situation of the Darwazeh Quran Watershed. Conclusion According to the results of the analysis of the indicators and criteria considered in evaluation of the health of the Shiraz Darwazeh Quran Watershed based on the PSR approach, it was found that the watershed had an average health status. Therefore, it can be acknowledged that the existing watershed management structures have not been able to impose a noticeable effect on the prosperity and improvement of watershed health conditions. In general, it can be said that abandoned lands, short concentration time, military activities, the presence of formations sensitive to erosion, high density of drainage network and road, and the potential of high runoff and sediment production, and the size of residential areas are among the most important factors affecting the declining the health of Darwazeh Quran Watershed. Therefore, it is necessary to pay further attention to the aforesaid factors by conducting periodical monitoring with more comprehensive data, in time and also analyzing the trend of relative changes of the indicators in order to explain the adaptive and intelligent management of the watershed. The necessary measures should also be taken into account simultaneously. Therefore, it is suggested to turn the weak points of the region into strong points by applying bioengineering measures and use the opportunities in the region such as the potential of tourism and ecological features in order to improve the health status of the watershed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research is descriptive-analytical. The statistical population of the present study includes two groups: The first group includes all villagers living in 13 villages of Dehshikh-Sigar commercial area in Lamerd county. Using Cochran's formula with 0.6 error level, 235 households were estimated as sample households and were randomly surveyed. The second group includes 25 professors, local experts and experts from tourism-related organizations. To analyze the data, software, ANP, MABAC, DEMATEL, Arc GIS and single-sample T test were used in SPSS software. The research findings confirm that: in all research variables (economic 3.46, environmental 36.3, planning-management 33.3, socio-cultural 3.25, infrastructure-welfare 3.19 and advertising, marketing And Information 3.11) The impact of factors affecting the formation and development of commercial tourism in the Dehshikh-Sigar commercial area, Lamerd city is higher than the theoretical average (3). Also, the results of pairwise comparison of factors affecting the formation and development of commercial tourism using the ANP method, according to experts, showed that the criteria of advertising, marketing and information, and economics with normal weight of 0.304 and 0.261 have the greatest impact information And the development of commercial tourism in the study area. Finally, the results of the MABAC technique showed that, the factors affecting the formation and development of commercial tourism in the villages of Sigar, Dehshikh and karehmoochi have the most impact, in the village of Chah Sheikh, Chah Nodeh Sheikh, Kakoli and Jari with moderate performance and In other villages, they have poor performance.The aim of this study is to evaluate the factors affecting the formation and development of commercial tourism in rural settlements of Dehshikh-Sigar commercial area in Lamerd county. This research is descriptive-analytical. The statistical population of the present study includes two groups: The first group includes all villagers living in 13 villages of Dehshikh-Sigar commercial area in Lamerd county. Using Cochran's formula with 0.6 error level, 235 households were estimated as sample households and were randomly surveyed. The second group includes 25 professors, local experts and experts from tourism-related organizations. To analyze the data, software, ANP, MABAC, DEMATEL, Arc GIS and single-sample T test were used in SPSS software. The research findings confirm that: in all research variables (economic 3.46, environmental 36.3, planning-management 33.3, socio-cultural 3.25, infrastructure-welfare 3.19 and advertising, marketing And Information 3.11) The impact of factors affecting the formation and development of commercial tourism in the Dehshikh-Sigar commercial area, Lamerd city is higher than the theoretical average (3). Also, the results of pairwise comparison of factors affecting the formation and development of commercial tourism using ANP method, according to experts, showed that the criteria of advertising, marketing and information and economics with normal weight of 0.304 and 0.261 have the greatest impact in formation And the development of commercial tourism in the study area. Finally, the results of MABAC technique showed that, the factors affecting the formation and development of commercial tourism in the villages of Sigar, Dehshikh and karehmoochi have the most impact, in the village of Chah Sheikh, Chah Nodeh Sheikh, Kakoli and Jari with moderate performance and In other villages, they have poor performance.The aim of this study is to evaluate the factors affecting the formation and development of commercial tourism in rural settlements of Dehshikh-Sigar commercial area in Lamerd county. This research is descriptive-analytical. The statistical population of the present study includes two groups: The first group includes all villagers living in 13 villages of Dehshikh-Sigar commercial area in Lamerd county. Using Cochran's formula with 0.6 error level, 235 households were estimated as sample households and were randomly surveyed. The second group includes 25 professors, local experts and experts from tourism-related organizations. To analyze the data, software, ANP, MABAC, DEMATEL, Arc GIS and single-sample T test were used in SPSS software. The research findings confirm that: in all research variables (economic 3.46, environmental 36.3, planning-management 33.3, socio-cultural 3.25, infrastructure-welfare 3.19 and advertising, marketing And Information 3.11) The impact of factors affecting the formation and development of commercial tourism in the Dehshikh-Sigar commercial area, Lamerd city is higher than the theoretical average (3). Also, the results of pairwise comparison of factors affecting the formation and development of commercial tourism using ANP method, according to experts, showed that the criteria of advertising, marketing and information and economics with normal weight of 0.304 and 0.261 have the greatest impact in formation And the development of commercial tourism in the study area. Finally, the results of MABAC technique showed that, the factors affecting the formation and development of commercial tourism in the villages of Sigar, Dehshikh and karehmoochi have the most impact, in the village of Chah Sheikh, Chah Nodeh Sheikh, Kakoli and Jari with moderate performance and In other villages, they have poor performance.

Aims Environmental issues in regional and extra-regional territories have acquired a geopolitical nature. The different power of each geographical environment has provided a different position for that region. This study aimed to investigate the natural and human factors affecting the environmental development of Fars province. Methodology This descriptive-analytical research was done in 2022-23 in Fars province. Data were collected by a questionnaire, studying the research background, and the characteristics of the region. The list of criteria affecting the environmental development was prepared by evaluating expert opinions, and Vicor, Topsis and Shannon entropy methods were used for weighting and Copeland’s method was used to determine the final weight of the criteria. Findings Four economic, social, environmental and cultural-tourism criteria were recognized as effective factors on the environmental development of Fars province. In the economic criterion, the factors of development of mines and factories, infrastructure, welfare level, technology, employment and domestic and foreign investment, in the environmental criteria, natural resource factors, water networks, communication networks, topography, distribution of population points and lakes and wetlands, in the social criterion, the factors of awareness and information level, population structure, environmental performance, ethno-cultural characteristics and education, and in the cultural-tourism criterion, foreign tourists, national antiquities, world monuments and domestic tourists have influenced the environmental development of Fars province, respectively. Conclusion In order to achieve environmental goals, it is necessary to plan the development of human and environmental capabilities to preserve the environment for future generations. The planning of each of the desired components causes a direct and indirect effect on other components. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The materials added to the water from fish farms affect the water quality, as these are decomposed in the environment and may reduce the quality of the water so that it is not suitable for further use. Therefore, it is necessary to measure how water quality changes. The impact of the fish farms on the water in the Joobkhalleh River was investigated. Five sampling stations were selected before flowing into the farm, the outlet, and in 5, 8, and 10km after the farm, to be sampled 6 times in 2-month intervals in the spring 2015-winter 2015 period. DO (annual mean 9.0 mg/L), T (14.5˚C), pH (8.4), TDS (462mg/L), COD (8.1mg/L), [PO4]- (0.2mg/L), and [NO3] (1.3mg/L) did not show significant changes, while oxygen saturation, BOD (1.4mg/L), EC (711µS/cm), TSS (6.0mg/L), [NO2] (0.01mg/L), and [NH3] (0.13mg/L) differed significantly among the stations. Regression analysis proved a significant correlation between the increase with distance from the source for [NO2] (Pearson Correlation= 0.915), TDS (0.878), and EC (0.878). Comparison of the findings with water use criteria shows that most parameters were in the suitable range for aquaculture, except for the TDS, which was far out of the standard, and the ammonia which was slightly higher. Considering the effect of pH, these values for the annual average of ammonia and nitrite are considered toxic for fish farming. In conclusion, the annual average of ammonia and nitrite is toxic at the last point for fish farming due to the water pH; therefore, it is not appropriate to use the water for aquaculture development.

Abstract: Palm cultivation and date production were considered as the main occupations of farmers and gardeners of the tropical regions of Fars Province during the early Islamic centuries. The present study was conducted from the perspective of historical geography based on human interaction with its surroundings. Therefore, palm cultivation, date production, and various areas depending on palm-related livelihoods were studied in Fars Province during the mentioned period. This research was a descriptive-analytical study performed by referring to library resources and conducting a field study in some areas of the province cultivating palm trees with palm irrigation structures. In the early Islamic centuries, various regions of the province were regarded as tropical regions where palm trees were of great importance. Some references have considered this province, especially Khark Island, as the origin of all palm trees in the world. Persian books have reported “palm” under the name of “khormabon,” but the southern Iranian people have used to call palm trees “Mokh”, “Mogh”, and “Mog”, which are some words rooted in the Pahlavi language. Resistance against drought, adaptation to warm climate, and high fruiting rate are the important natural features of this tree. Historical and geographical sources, as well as the remaining old palm gardens, suggested interaction of people living in Fars Province with their surrounding geography and their attempts to establish many palm gardens. In old Fars Province, there were settlements called “Moghistan”, “Mokhdan”, and “Moghdan”, indicating that people planted palm trees and had palm gardens. Moreover, the rise of gardens in this region mainly meant that palm trees were planted here as well. ­­­­­­­­ In the tropical regions of Fars Province, people used all parts of a palm tree in their lives. In fact, many of the livelihood patterns of people in this area were taken from the palm tree. Palm played an important role in the architecture of houses as the trunk of this tree was used in their ceilings. In some places, people built their houses with the foliage of this tree. In the tropical regions of Fars Province, the word “pish” (or pesh) meaning palm leaf was adopted from Pahlavi language. Palm leaves had an important impact on the emergence of handicrafts and supplies needed in the people’s lives in this area. Brooms, fans, ropes, and various containers were among the items made with palm leaves. A variety of instruments made from palm leaves indicated the vast extent of its use and its important role in the people’s lives in the tropical lands of Fars Province. This reflected people's creativity in using a natural phenomenon like a palm tree and making widely used tools from its leaves, thus indicating their interaction with the natural phenomena around them. ­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­ Dates are the main product of palm trees. “Khorma” (Persian word for date) is again a Pahlavi word. Dates and fresh dates (Rotab) were important products produced in the tropical regions of the province. Since this region was always threatened by drought, dates played an important role in providing food for people due to their abundant energy and long durability. In some periods, they were considered as the only fruit for people. Their pureness and sweetness led to their abundant use in nutrition. Different products, such as date honey and date syrup, were produced from dates. Dates were widely used with dairy and Tahini. They were also used to make different dishes, sweets, and Halva, which were among the common traditional foods of the province. They were of medical importance and used as medicine for treating some diseases as well. ­­­­­­­­­ Dates were important economically and were among the main export items of the tropical regions in this province and a source of income for a number of people. During the years of famine and pest attack, dates were imported from Basra and Bahrain to be used in the province. Due to trade relations, dates were also exported from the Persian Gulf countries to India and China where such palm trees were not planted. ­­­­­ One of the important effects of palm trees on the people’s lives in the tropical regions of Fars Province was coinage of a large number of words and terms related to them, indicating that palm trees had more influence on the lexical richness of literature and culture of this land compared to any other trees. The importance of palm trees led to preservation of many of these words in the folklore and traditions of these people throughout history. Therefore, it could be said that palm tree was the most important tropical tree in Fars Province and date was the major tree crop in this region. ­­­­­­­

Abstract Canine visceral leishmaniasis (CVL) is endemic in the southern parts of Iran. The current study aimed at molecular and serological evaluation of zoonotic visceral leishmaniasis in dogs in Fars province, southern Iran. Blood samples were collected from 60 dogs in the three villages in Fars Province. Serum samples were tested for antibodies against L. infantum by direct agglutination test (DAT). DNA was extracted from each dog's buffy coat and tested by PCR, targeting the Leishmania ITS‐2 region. From a total of 60 studied dogs, 25 (41.7%) were female, and 35 (58.3%) were male. Dogs' age ranged from 1 to 7 years, with a mean age of 2.97 (±1.4) years. Anti‐Leishmania antibodies were detected in sera samples of 28 (46.7%) dogs, (titre ≥ 1:320). Out of 28 seropositive cases, 13 (46.4%) were female, and 15 (53.6%) were male. Association between seropositivity and dogs’ clinical signs was statistically significant (p