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In English teaching, developing students' reading habits has been emphasized for its critical role in promoting overall core competencies. However, in practice, many teachers and parents are not informed of the effective approaches to developing good English reading habits, hindering the overall development of students' core competencies. In light of this, an empirical study was carried out to explore the developmental features of students' English reading habits and individual, family and school factors that affect its development. A questionnaire was adopted to collect quantitative data. A total of 2,130 primary and secondary school students from China participated in the study. The results indicated that their English reading habits varied with age and gender. In terms of age, secondary school students, especially middle school students, performed better than primary school students. In terms of gender, females performed better in reading frequency, reading time and ways of reading, while males had a larger reading volume. Reading habits were found to be impacted by individual, school and family factors. Among them, age had the strongest influence on the development of English reading habits. These findings shed light on effective ways to develop English reading habits, especially in foreign‐language‐learning contexts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Methods Results Conclusions There is currently insufficient understanding of the health and behavior of children whose parents engage in criminal behavior. We examined associations between parental criminal convictions and wide range of offspring health, behavioral, and social outcomes by age 18 in a large, national sample, aiming to get a comprehensive picture of the risks among children of offending parents.We studied 1,013,385 individuals born in Sweden between 1987 and 1995, and their parents. Using data from several longitudinal nationwide registers, we investigated parental convictions and 85 offspring outcomes until the end of 2013, grouped into birth‐related conditions, psychiatric and somatic disorders, accidents and injuries, mortality, school achievement, violent victimization, and criminality. Cox proportional hazards regression and logistic regression models were used to examine the associations. The role of genetic factors in intergenerational associations was studied in children‐of‐siblings analyses. We also examined the co‐occurrence of multiple outcomes using Poisson regression.A total of 223,319 (22.0%) individuals had one parent convicted and 31,241 (3.1%) had both parents convicted during the first 18 years of their life. The strongest associations were found between parental convictions and offspring behavioral problems, substance use disorders, poor school achievement, violent victimization, and criminality, with an approximately 2 to 2.5‐fold increased risk in children with one convicted parent and 3‐ to 4‐fold increased risk in children with two convicted parents. The risks were particularly elevated among children of incarcerated parents with a history of violent convictions. The associations appeared to be at least partly explained by genetic influences. Parental convictions were also associated with an increased likelihood of experiencing multiple outcomes.Our findings help to calibrate the risks of a wide range of adverse outcomes associated with parental convictions and may be used to guide prevention efforts and identify key areas for future research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Stress Management is getting increasingly more consideration now-a-days, especially in the financial sector. There is no work in this world without stress. Everybody in their work has experienced stress, nervousness as they traverses the obligations doled out to them. Banking industry which is the foundation of the country’s economy is not an outstanding one. The activity idea of banking workers is dreary as it includes the immediate client communication in all levels. Bank employees have no time limit for their service. So engagement between family and work is a challenging task to the bank employee’s life. So the researcher takes an attempt to study the family factors which creates stress among the bank employees during their work. This study focuses in Kanyakumari District. The lower and middle level bank employees are chosen for the study. This study was intended to test and investigate observationally the family related reason for stress among bank employees. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Family factors are assumed to play a central role in the development of childhood anxiety disorders. How child and parental anxiety symptoms are intertwined on a symptom and family level has not yet been examined. Such knowledge may lead to a more detailed understanding of the intergenerational relation in anxiety problems. The current study investigated the relation between anxiety in children and their parents at a symptom level using a network approach. Method: Parents of 1,452 clinically referred children in the Netherlands completed questionnaires on anxiety about their children and themselves. We examined relations on a symptom level both within persons and between parents and children. In addition, we also compared the relations between parental and child anxiety symptoms in families with children with an anxiety disorder (n = 350) versus families with children who displayed other psychiatric diagnoses (n = 1,102). Results: Anxiety symptom relations within persons were more intertwined than the symptom relations between family members. Between‐person relations were found among similar anxiety symptoms, suggesting specific intergenerational relations. The feeling of being fearful was found to be a central and connecting symptom in all family members (fathers, mothers, and children). The relations between parental and child anxiety symptoms were more specific (i.e., among similar symptoms) in families with children with an anxiety disorder than in families with children with other types of psychopathologies. Conclusions: This study found that anxiety symptom associations are present within the family on a detailed (symptom) level. This stresses the importance of future studies to examine factors responsible for this family‐anxiety transmission. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Ling Tong,1,2,* Yuan Wang,1,2,* Dewu Xu,3 Yibo Wu,1 Ling Chen2 1Human Reproductive and Genetic Center, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Breast Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, People’s Republic of China; 3Department of Medicine Education, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, People’s Republic of China*These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Ling Chen, Department of Breast Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214062, People’s Republic of China, Email Rainbow_lyn@163.com Yibo Wu, Human Reproductive and Genetic Center, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214062, People’s Republic of China, Email moliaty@aliyun.comObjective: The fear of cancer recurrence (FCR) is a generalized psychological problem among cancer patients and their spouses. The purpose of this study is to investigate the current status of cancer recurrence fear among breast cancer patients and their spouses, as well as its predictive factors.Methods: A total of 155 breast cancer patients and their partners between March 2022 to Feb 2023 were selected from Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University. The survey was investigated by fear of progression questionnaire-short form (FoP‑Q‑SF), fear of progression questionnaire‐short form for partners (FoP‐Q‐SF/P), family resilience questionnaire (FaRE), and health literacy management scale (HeLMS). Predictors were assessed using univariate and multivariable regression analyses.Results: 52.9% (n=82) of breast cancer patients and 51.6% (n=80) of their spouses experienced high levels of fear of cancer recurrence (FCR). There was a positive correlation between the FCR of the patients and their spouses, while family resilience and health literacy were statistically significant negative predictive factors for breast cancer patients’ fear of cancer recurrence.Conclusion: In summary, the study found that the partner’s FCR, health literacy and family resilience were closely related to the FCR in breast cancer patients. Therefore, healthcare workers can reduce the patient’s FCR by reducing the FCR in spouses, improving patients’ health literacy and family resilience in the future. In practical application, these findings hold significant implications for developing comprehensive care plans and interventions targeting FCR in breast cancer patients. By focusing on patients’ partners and providing appropriate support and resources, healthcare professionals can promote patients’ psychological well-being and overall health, leading to improved quality of life.Keywords: breast cancer, family factors, fear recurrence, health literacy

Abstract Objective This cross-sectional study examined the socio-ecological factors influencing fundamental motor skills (FMS) in Chinese school-aged children. Methods A total of 1012 parent-child pairs were randomly sampled between March-1st and April-15th, 2022. Based on the socio-ecological model of Children’s FMS, three levels of factors: individual-level (e.g., demographic, physical, psychological, and behavioral characteristics of children), family-level (e.g., caregiver demographics, parental support, and socioeconomic status), and environmental factors (e.g., availability of physical activity equipment) were assessed using self-reported scales (e.g., the Self-perception Profile for Children, the Physical Activity Enjoyment Scale, and the 12-item Psychological Well-Being Scale for Children) and objective measures (e.g., ActiGraph GT3X, the Chinese National Student Physical Fitness Standard, and the Test of Gross Motor Development-Third Edition). Multi-level regression models were employed using SPSS. Results The results demonstrated that children’s age, sex, physical fitness, parental support, and the quality of home and community physical activity environments consistently influenced all three types of FMS, including locomotor, ball, and composite skills. Additionally, seven individual-level factors (children’s age, sex, body mass index, light physical activity, sleep duration, perceived motor competence, and physical fitness) were associated with different types of FMS. Conclusions The findings underscore the multidimensional and complex nature of FMS development, with individual-level factors playing a particularly significant role. Future research should adopt rigorous longitudinal designs, comprehensive assessment tools covering various FMS skills, and objective measurement of parents’ movement behaviors to better understand the strength and direction of the relationship between socio-ecological factors and children’s FMS.

Objective To investigate tlie current situation of behavioral problems of senior primary school students in Guizhou Province, and to explore the influence of family-related factors on primary school studentsJ behavioral problems. Methods By using the method of multi-stage stratified cluster random sampling, a total of 2 698 subjects were selected from one primary school in each of tliree urban areas with different levels of economic development in Guizhou Province. The parents of primary school students were investigated with self-made questionnaire and Achenbach Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL). The 於 test was used to compare the differences, and the logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the relationship between family-related factors and pupils' behavior problems. Results The detection rate of behavior problems in senior primary school students was 11,60%, which was 11.79% in boys and 11.40% in girls, respectively, with no significant gender di匸 ference (P>0.05). The detection rate of behavior problems in students of grades 4 to 6 was 13.36%, 12.49%, and 930%, re-spectively, and the difference between grades was statistically significant (P<0.05). The top behavioral problem was obsessive-compulsive behavior (4.92%) and hyperactive behavior (3.44%) in 6-11-year-old boys and girls, respectively. The top behavioral problem was hyperactive behavior (2.66%) and aggressive behavior (15.30%) in 12-16-year-old boys and girls, respectively. The results of Logistic regression analysis showed that parents5 introverted personality, mother5 s poor health status, and motherJ s neglected rearing style were positively correlated with primary school studentsJ behavior problems (OR= 1.52, 1.54, 1.74, and 2.22), while father? s college education, no bad life habits of parents, and father s democratic rearing style were inversely correlated with primary school studentsJ behavior problems (Oi?=0.43, 0.66, 0.64, and 0.59). Conclusion The detection rate of behavioral problems among primary school students in Guizhou Province is still at a high level, which is related to various family factors. Parents should improve their own self-quality and improve the family environment to reduce the occurrence of behavioral problems in primary school students. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: This cross-sectional study examined the socio-ecological factors influencing fundamental motor skills (FMS) in Chinese school-aged children. Methods: A total of 1012 parent-child pairs were randomly sampled between March-1st and April-15th, 2022. Based on the socio-ecological model of Children's FMS, three levels of factors: individual-level (e.g., demographic, physical, psychological, and behavioral characteristics of children), family-level (e.g., caregiver demographics, parental support, and socioeconomic status), and environmental factors (e.g., availability of physical activity equipment) were assessed using self-reported scales (e.g., the Self-perception Profile for Children, the Physical Activity Enjoyment Scale, and the 12-item Psychological Well-Being Scale for Children) and objective measures (e.g., ActiGraph GT3X, the Chinese National Student Physical Fitness Standard, and the Test of Gross Motor Development-Third Edition). Multi-level regression models were employed using SPSS. Results: The results demonstrated that children's age, sex, physical fitness, parental support, and the quality of home and community physical activity environments consistently influenced all three types of FMS, including locomotor, ball, and composite skills. Additionally, seven individual-level factors (children's age, sex, body mass index, light physical activity, sleep duration, perceived motor competence, and physical fitness) were associated with different types of FMS. Conclusions: The findings underscore the multidimensional and complex nature of FMS development, with individual-level factors playing a particularly significant role. Future research should adopt rigorous longitudinal designs, comprehensive assessment tools covering various FMS skills, and objective measurement of parents' movement behaviors to better understand the strength and direction of the relationship between socio-ecological factors and children's FMS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To describe children's unhealthy eating behavior, to explore the influence of individual and family factors on children's unhealthy eating behavior, and to provide suggestions for children's health education and promotion. Methods By using the method of random cluster sampling, a questionnaire survey was conducted among 2 452 fifth-grade students and their parents from 16 medium-sized primary schools in 4 administrative regions of Beijing. Results The percentage of consumption frequency of sugary beverages, sweets, and fried puffed foods 4 days per week was 13.1%, 19.3%, and 11.0%, respectively. The results of multiple linear regression showed that the stronger ability of perceptual behavior control in personal factors (B=-0.17, P<0.01), stronger subjective supervision in family factors (B=-0.15, P<0.01), less food reserve (B=-0.14, P<0.01), and better parents' dietary behavior (B=0.14, P<0.01) were associated with better eating behavior. Conclusion Children's unhealthy eating behavior is affected by many family factors. Health education for parents and control and intervention of children's unhealthy eating behavior should be strengthened. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study is to examine the occurrence of externalized behavioral disorders of adolescents, taking into account the sociodemographic characteristics of the subjects (type of school, age, gender, family integrity, general school performance and educational prevention measures in the previous school year). The study included 1342 students of first, second, third and fourth grades of secondary schools of Herzegovina-Neretva County. The selection of the department was made by accident. The age of the subjects ranges from 15 to 18 years, with the average age of the subjects being M=16.2 years (SD=1.16). Students usually achieve very good school performance (42.8%) with an average sample score of 3.9 (SD=0.86). Students are mostly exemplary (89.3%). For the purpose of collecting data, with the prior author's approval, the Adolescent Risk Behavior Assessment Questionnaire was used (Livazović, 2011), which was modified (shortened) in a preliminary study where externalized behavioral disorders (aggressiveness, use of psychoactive agents, electronic abuse, risky sexual behavior, eating disorders, absentism (marking) from school) are measured). The findings of the research indicate that externalized behavioral disorders are largely manifested by vocational school students, students with lower school performance, young men and older students, while the difference with regard to family integrity, no statistically significant differences were found on any of the analyzed dimensions, except in the dimension of expression of mild deviant behavior, where students who do not live in an integral family exhibit more pronounced mild deviant behavior, compared to students from complete families. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Objectives: In the literature, the influence of parents who suffer from dental anxiety and a previous unpleasant experience at the dentist are cited as the two most common causes of dental anxiety in children. The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between socioeconomic factors and the development of dental anxiety in children aged 9 to 12 years. Materials and Methods: A total of 131 children and their accompanying parents/guardians participated in the cross-sectional study. The children were divided into an experimental group, which visited a specialised office for paediatric and preventive dentistry for the examination, and a control group, which visited a primary care dental office. During the visit, the children completed questionnaires on dental anxiety (CFSS-DS). Parents completed a socioeconomic questionnaire and a dental anxiety questionnaire for adults (CDAS). Results: The results showed a statistically significant positive predictor: parental dental anxiety as measured by the CDAS. In addition, the t-test showed that children who visited a specialised dental office did not show a statistically significant increase in dental anxiety compared to children who visited a primary care dental office. Conclusions: With this study, we confirm the influence of parental dental anxiety on the development of dental anxiety in children. The socioeconomic status of the family and the type of dental office do not play a statistically significant role in the development of dental anxiety in children. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To evaluate cross-sectional and longitudinal associations between controlling parental feeding practices in adolescence (i.e., restrictive feeding and pressure-to-eat [PE]) and intuitive eating (IE) in adolescence and emerging adulthood; and explore child gender and parental concern about child weight as moderators. The sample included participants (N = 1,383) from the population-based EAT 2010–2018 study who provided data in adolescence (14.4 ± 2.0 years) and emerging adulthood (22.0 ± 2.0 years) and had at least one caregiver complete surveys in adolescence. Generalized estimating equations evaluated cross-sectional and longitudinal associations between restrictive feeding and PE in adolescence and IE in adolescence and emerging adulthood. Interactions with gender and parental concern over child weight in adolescence were explored. Restrictive feeding was cross-sectionally associated with lower IE in adolescence (b = −0.04), though evidence of moderation by parental weight concern indicated this association was only observed in the context of low parental weight concern. Greater PE was associated with lower adolescent IE among boys but higher IE among girls. Longitudinally, the association between PE in adolescence and IE in emerging adulthood differed by parental weight concern; greater PE predicted higher emerging adult IE at high parental weight concern, but lower IE at low parental weight concern. Controlling feeding practices in adolescence displayed differential associations with child IE in adolescence and emerging adulthood based on child gender and parental concern over child weight. Notably, PE was associated with greater IE among adolescent girls but lower IE among boys. Results suggest that parental feeding is a valuable intervention target. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, Chinese college graduates have faced a challenging employment situation, calling for an analysis of the social stratification function of higher education. This paper used linear regression to analyze factors influencing the occupational status attainment of college graduates. The social stratification function of higher education was found to be significant. Educational factors were essential for occupational status attainment. Nevertheless, new graduates' occupational status could also be affected by individual and family factors. On the whole, college graduates achieved stratum promotion. Men had higher occupational status and longer mobility distance than women, and rural graduates had higher occupational status and longer mobility distance than urban graduates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: The family system, as an important contextual variable, serves as the primary foundation for the career development of students, influencing the formation and development of their career aspirations; Therefore, this research aims to investigate the role of family factors in the process of students' career development. Method: The study employed a qualitative method, specifically content analysis. The study population consisted of two groups: 1) Books and articles in the fields of career counseling and schoolrelated literature published between 2011 and 2021, and 2) Experts in the fields of school counseling and career counseling, including university professors and school counselors. In the document analysis phase, 7 books and 14 articles were examined, and in the interview phase, 21 individuals (9 9 university professors and 12 school counselors) were purposefully selected during the 2020-2021 academic year. Data collection methods included document analysis and semi-structured interviews. The collected data were analyzed by using the Attride-Stirling thematic analysis method (2001). Results: The findings revealed 3 Global themes, 6 organizing themes, and 106 basic themes. The Global themes included " Role playing of parents," "family career narrative," and "family structure and family dynamics." Conclusion: The acquisition of beliefs, Schemas, values, and other vocational Constructs among students is primarily influenced by interactive patterns within the family system. Therefore, providing informational, psychological, and emotional support to children throughout the career development process proves to be an effective and facilitative measure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BackgroundThe use of digital media (e.g., smartphones, tablets, etc.) and the Internet have become omnipresent for every age group and are part of children’s and parents’ everyday life. Focusing on young children, the availability of media devices, their use as well as associated problems (e.g., in social, emotional and motor development) have increased in recent years. Of particular interest for prevention of these problems in early childhood is the relationship between the familial context (parental digital media use, Problematic Internet Use, school graduation, presence of siblings) and the digital media use of infants and toddlers. The present study’s goal was to describe media usage in 0–4-year-old children and to identify the potential relationship between familial context factors and child media usage.MethodsThe sample included N = 3,035 children aged 0 to 3;11 years (M = 17.37 months, SD = 13.68; 49.13% female). Recruitment took place within the framework of a restandardization study for a German developmental test. The parents of the participants answered a questionnaire on socio-demographics, on child media use, and on parental media use. Questions on parental media use included the full version of the Short Compulsive Internet Use Scale (S-CIUS).ResultsSignificant increases in media usage times with child age were identified, but no significant gender differences. A multiple regression analysis revealed that increasing maternal total media usage time, a higher parental S-CIUS score, lower school leaving certificate of both mother and father, and increasing child’s age led to higher child media usage time. Having siblings diminished young children’s media usage in this study. Having more than one child and having children aged over a year was associated with a higher parental S-CIUS score.ConclusionFamily factors such as maternal media use time, Problematic Internet Use and lower school graduation are significantly associated with young children’s digital media use. Parents should be aware of their personal influence on their children’s media use which might be due their role in terms of model learning.

The culture within the family and community generally affects people's attitudes and acceptance towards using available technology. Alternately, technology can also influence the culture and social behaviors of people. This study aimed to discuss the family and community factors and their unintentional contribution to the prevalence of Online Sexual Abuse and Exploitation of Children (OSAEC) and explore the community's perspectives of OSAEC. Utilizing a qualitative approach, it employed focus group discussions and interviews to obtain relevant data and insights from the participants. Based on thematic analysis, family factors include (1) unsupervised access to the internet and gadgets, (2) children disregarding their parents' reminders on gadget usage, and (3) parents' lack of knowledge on the use of phones and the internet. In terms of community factors, (1) poor socioeconomic conditions, (2) limited community initiatives to capacitate parents on online media risks and OSAEC, and (3) limited knowledge of emerging child protection issues may have contributed to OSAEC cases. Furthermore, the study found that community members view OSAEC as a cybercrime involving showing and sending obscene pictures, texts, or videos without physical contact. Given the findings, establishing appropriate mechanisms for responsible online use and online behavior is vital to ensure proactiveness in protecting children against abuse and exploitation at family and community levels

Abstract Background The medium-term impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the wellbeing of children and adolescents remains unclear. More than 2 years into the pandemic, we aimed to quantify the frequency and determinants of having been severely impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic and estimate its impact on health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and mental health. Methods Data was drawn from a population-based cohort of children and adolescents, recruited between December 2021 and June 2022, in Geneva, Switzerland. The Coronavirus impact scale was used to assess the multidimensional impact of the pandemic on children through parent’s report. A score higher than one standard deviation above the mean was deemed a severe impact. Parents additionally reported about their offspring HRQoL and mental health with validated scales. Determinants of having been severely impacted were assessed with logistic models, as were the associations between having experienced a severe impact and poor HRQoL or mental health. Results Out of 2101 participants aged 2–17, 12.7% had experienced a severe pandemic impact. Having a lasting health condition, a pandemic-related worsening of lifestyle habits or an unfavorable family environment were associated with having been severely impacted by the pandemic, while a previous anti-SARS-CoV-2 infection was not. Participants who had experienced a severe pandemic impact were more likely to present poor HRQoL (aOR = 3.1; 95% CI 2.3–4.4) and poor mental health (aOR = 3.9; 95% CI 2.5–6.2). Conclusion The COVID-19 pandemic may have persistent consequences on the wellbeing of children and adolescents, especially among those with health and family vulnerabilities.

Background and Objectives: In the literature, the influence of parents who suffer from dental anxiety and a previous unpleasant experience at the dentist are cited as the two most common causes of dental anxiety in children. The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between socioeconomic factors and the development of dental anxiety in children aged 9 to 12 years. Materials and Methods: A total of 131 children and their accompanying parents/guardians participated in the cross-sectional study. The children were divided into an experimental group, which visited a specialised office for paediatric and preventive dentistry for the examination, and a control group, which visited a primary care dental office. During the visit, the children completed questionnaires on dental anxiety (CFSS-DS). Parents completed a socioeconomic questionnaire and a dental anxiety questionnaire for adults (CDAS). Results: The results showed a statistically significant positive predictor: parental dental anxiety as measured by the CDAS. In addition, the t-test showed that children who visited a specialised dental office did not show a statistically significant increase in dental anxiety compared to children who visited a primary care dental office. Conclusions: With this study, we confirm the influence of parental dental anxiety on the development of dental anxiety in children. The socioeconomic status of the family and the type of dental office do not play a statistically significant role in the development of dental anxiety in children.

Using family systems theory, this longitudinal study of middle school youth examined the effects of abuse, family conflict, and sibling aggression on sexual harassment perpetration (N = 1563; Mage 11.2, 51% boys; 39% Hispanic, 29% Black, and 19% White). Boys reported more sexual harassment than girls; perpetration increased for both. The association between a hostile home environment and sexual harassment perpetration was moderated by school experiences. School belonging buffered effects of hostile home environment on baseline sexual harassment perpetration for boys who experienced abuse and White adolescents with high sibling aggression. Academic grades moderated change in perpetration over time, but effects differed by sex and race. It is important to understand how early violence exposures relate to sexual violence perpetration during early adolescence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Exploring the formation mechanism of juvenile delinquency is of great significance to prevent juvenile delinquency. The present study examined relations and interactions among juvenile delinquents' self-consciousness, family factors, social relationships, belief in a just world, and legal consciousness, and then developed a predictive model to distinguish between juvenile delinquents and non-delinquents. The results showed that family factors have a significant influence on the formation of juvenile delinquents' self-consciousness and there are notable differences in family environment and self-consciousness between delinquent and non-delinquent adolescents. Due to the complex interactions among juvenile delinquency's self-consciousness, family factors, social relationships, belief in a just world and legal consciousness, adolescents' self-consciousness and social relationships can be utilized to predict and classify the groups of delinquent and non-delinquent adolescents effectively. Therefore, the key to preventing juvenile delinquency is to improve their self-consciousness and develop their prosocial relationships. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research aimed to analyze factors that can influence the critical thinking of Indonesian and Malaysian to meet the competitive needs in the global market faced by college graduates. The population of this study were the students from several universities which were 116 from Malaysia and 175 from Indonesia. This research used a quantitative approach to analyze data to test hypotheses. Descriptive explanatory research methode used by finding the cause of the emergence of students' critical thinking With this research, The data were collected using the survey method, which is a questionnaire as an instrument for gathering data. The findings indicate that factors that determine on Critical thinking of Indonesian and Malaysian were educational factors and personal factors. However, family factor and healthy food do not affect them substantially. Interestingly, in terms of education and family conditions, there were differences between Indonesian and Malaysian respondents, and Indonesian respondents' conditions are more favorable than those of Malaysians. Furthermore, students' factors and healthy food have significant differences. In this respect, Malaysian respondents show higher results than Indonesian respondents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: About 20‐30% of children worldwide report depressive symptoms. This study examined associations between children's depressive symptoms, life events, and family factors. METHODS: Nationally representative data (n = 95,725) were drawn from the 2017 School Health Promotion Study in Finland. The respondents were 4th and 5th grade pupils (aged 10‐12) in primary schools and their parents/guardians (n = 33,726). Data were analyzed for child‐parent dyads (n = 32,181). Associations were studied using cross tabulation and logistic regression models. RESULTS: Children's reports of poor self‐rated health, problems with family interactions, and the accumulation of life events were statistically significantly associated with depressive symptoms, also when controlling for sociodemographic factors. Financial situation and parent's depressed mood, both reported by parents, were associated with children's depressive symptoms when both were included in the regression model. However, this association disappeared when other predictors were added to the model. CONCLUSION: The results make apparent the complex associations between children's depressive symptoms and family factors. Further research is needed on the discrepancies between parent and child experiences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Previous research has found that husband support can increase the participation of the wife's antenatal care (ANC) to prevent an increase in maternal mortality. Meanwhile, in the eastern region, the effort to provide pregnant women's health services tends to be lower than in Indonesia's other areas. Aims: The study analyzed regional disparities of husbands' support in wives' ANC in eastern Indonesia. Methods: Secondary data from the 2017 Indonesian Demographic and Health Survey were used in the study. In eastern Indonesia, the analytic units were wives aged 15 to 49, married, and pregnant in the previous five years. The study analyzed 2,005 respondents as a sample. In addition to the husband's support, the study examined region (province), residence, age, education, occupation, wealth, and parity as the independent variable. In the final stage, the study used a binary logistic regression test. Results: A husband in East Nusa Tenggara has 1.556 times the probability of a husband in Papua for a support wife's ANC (95% CI 1.082-2.237). Maluku husbands are 0.528 times less likely to support their wife's ANC than Papua husbands (95% CI 0.363-0.768). North Maluku husbands are 0.476 times less likely than Papua husbands to support their wife's ANC (95% CI 0.320-0.709). Meanwhile, there was no significant difference in the husband's support between West Papua and Papua. Conclusion: Regional disparities of husband's support in wife's ANC existed in eastern Indonesia.

Low carbon sustainability has been addressed in China's sustainable urbanism strategies as a response the impact of climate change. This study empirically examines the relationship between household factors and carbon emissions in the context of community regeneration through the use of correlational and regression analysis. The participants were drawn from the Dadong community in Guangzhou, China, who has been participating in low-carbon community regeneration. In total, 102 valid questionnaires were obtained from homeowners and the data were analyzed with SPSS and STATA software with an OLS estimate method, checking for BLUE to identify and decide upon the degree of correlation among the variables. The results reveal that family carbon emissions were primarily impacted by house area and income. This study found that larger houses tended to have higher carbon emissions, emphasizing the importance of using low-carbon materials and facilities in community regeneration. Additionally, households with higher incomes tended to have more household appliances, which can contribute to higher carbon emissions and potentially lead to conflicts between different actors involved in low-carbon community regeneration. To reduce household carbon emissions, low-carbon community regeneration develops through interactions and transformations among different actors. However, there has been a lack of research examining the mechanisms underlying the process of low-carbon community regeneration involving the various stakeholders. Using the reference of the actor–network theory (ANT), this research innovatively reveals the mechanisms related to key actors (community government) and multivocal obligatory passage points (OPP) with a synchronous process (problematization, interessement, enrollment, mobilization) through interactions and transformations made by different actors. Finally, the study highlights the need for further research on the low-carbon community or urban regeneration with innovative technological and self-regulation strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The medium-term impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the wellbeing of children and adolescents remains unclear. More than 2 years into the pandemic, we aimed to quantify the frequency and determinants of having been severely impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic and estimate its impact on health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and mental health. Methods: Data was drawn from a population-based cohort of children and adolescents, recruited between December 2021 and June 2022, in Geneva, Switzerland. The Coronavirus impact scale was used to assess the multidimensional impact of the pandemic on children through parent's report. A score higher than one standard deviation above the mean was deemed a severe impact. Parents additionally reported about their offspring HRQoL and mental health with validated scales. Determinants of having been severely impacted were assessed with logistic models, as were the associations between having experienced a severe impact and poor HRQoL or mental health. Results: Out of 2101 participants aged 2–17, 12.7% had experienced a severe pandemic impact. Having a lasting health condition, a pandemic-related worsening of lifestyle habits or an unfavorable family environment were associated with having been severely impacted by the pandemic, while a previous anti-SARS-CoV-2 infection was not. Participants who had experienced a severe pandemic impact were more likely to present poor HRQoL (aOR = 3.1; 95% CI 2.3–4.4) and poor mental health (aOR = 3.9; 95% CI 2.5–6.2). Conclusion: The COVID-19 pandemic may have persistent consequences on the wellbeing of children and adolescents, especially among those with health and family vulnerabilities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As the abuse of psychoactive substances moves into younger and younger age groups, addictions are also increasing accordingly. In Serbia, substance abuse among youth reached such high proportions during the last decade of the 20th century and is still prevalent today. That is why the government must make national addiction prevention programs its „top priority“. The combination of social factors (economic crisis, political turmoil, forced migration, unemployment, etc.), on the one hand, as well as the dysfunction of a number of families and individual factors, on the other hand, can lead to feelings of insecurity, fear, and meaninglessness in the young mind and hence the need to „solve” these problems by using one of the psychoactive substances. In recent years, research has increasingly shown that young people and their families are unaware of the types of psychoactive substances available, their uses, how a person under the influence looks and acts, and the serious psychological and somatic consequences of consuming them. In the last decade, the first steps were taken in terms of researching this problem in Serbia. However, there is a lack of serious fundamental research on this significant social problem and, based on those results, the undertaking of comprehensive applied research that would be helpful in creating and implementing national programs for the prevention of addiction, that is, the inclusion of families in those programs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The Infant and Young Child Feeding (IYCF) programs aim to improve the nutritional and health status, growth and development, and survival of children in Indonesia. Knowing the relationship between maternal factors and family factors in feeding infants and children under 6-23 months. This study used secondary data and analysis of the 2017 Indonesian Demographic and Health Survey (IDHS). The research design used was an analytic observational design using a cross-sectional type to determine the relationship between maternal factors and family factors in feeding infants and toddlers 6-23 months. The sample used is 4869 with a minimum sample of 790 samples. The unit of analysis for this study was all children who were born alive from all live births from mothers who had children under five years of age 6-23 months and children who were born alive and were the last child of a mother who had already had a birth. Data analysis used univariate, bivariate, and multivariate analysis. Multivariate analysis using multivariate logistic regression. The results found that most of the children had the practice of IYCF not according to the recommendations (72.2%). Factors related to IYCF practices are a place of residence, socioeconomic, parity, mother's education, and mother's age, while the most dominant factor related to IYCF practice is socioeconomic. It is necessary to improve education, socialization, and movements toward families, so that the community, especially mothers with children aged 6-23 months.

IntroductionExternalizing disorders are more prevalent in rural than urban settings and account for disproportionately high mental health service costs for rural adolescents. Although cultural stressors such as discrimination have been associated with externalizing problems in ethnic minority youth broadly, this relationship is understudied in Latinos, particularly those in rural settings. Further, though the associations of family processes such as familism and family conflict have been studied in relation to youth externalizing symptoms, whether these processes change in the face of adolescent discrimination stress remains unknown.MethodsA moderated multiple mediation model was used to examine the association between perceived discrimination, externalizing symptoms, and the indirect effect of family factors (familism, and family conflict) in a large sample (n = 455) of rural Latino youth. We also evaluated whether indirect and direct effects of discrimination on externalizing symptoms differed in boys versus girls.ResultsFamilism and family conflict each independently mediated the relationship between discrimination related stress and externalizing symptoms. However, discrimination had a direct effect on externalizing symptoms for boys only. In girls, this association held only when family factors were accounted for. Post-hoc analyses reveal that the moderating effect of sex on discrimination is driven by differences in rule-breaking behavior, as opposed to aggressive behavior.ConclusionFindings suggest that discrimination is associated with changes in the family environment which in turn invoke elevated risk for externalizing problems. Further, family-focused interventions that address externalizing problems may be especially effective for adolescent girls.

ObjectiveThis study investigated whether parental SES moderates the effect of birth health on Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD) in preschool children.MethodsOne hundred and twenty-two children aged 4 to 6 years were enrolled in the study. The Movement Assessment Battery for Children --2nd Edition (MABC-2) test was used to assess the motor coordination of children. They were preliminarily categorized into either the DCD (16th percentile, n = 99) based on the testing results. All children in the DCD group were further confirmed to meet other diagnostic criteria of the DSM-V using the intellectual test and parental questionnaires. Moderation analysis was conducted using the PROCESS macro for SPSS, and 95% confidence intervals with a bootstrap procedure were calculated to identify the significant moderating effect.ResultsMaternal education (unstandardized coefficient = 0.6805, SE = 0.3371, p < 0.05) and maternal employment status (unstandardized coefficient = 0.6100, SE = 0.3059, p < 0.05) were found to moderate the relationship between birth length and the probability of having DCD. Moreover, the relationship between birth weight and the probability of having DCD was moderated by the annual household income (unstandardized coefficient = −0.0043, SE = 0.0022, p < 0.05).ConclusionThe lower maternal education level and maternal unemployment strengthened the negative relationship between birth length and the probability of having DCD. Additionally, the negative relationship between birth weight and the probability of having DCD was statistically significant in high annual household salaries.

Background: Chaotic home environments may contribute to children's attention‐deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms. However, ADHD genetic risk may also influence household chaos. This study investigated whether children in chaotic households had more ADHD symptoms, if mothers and children with higher ADHD genetic risk lived in more chaotic households, and the joint association of genetic risk and household chaos on the longitudinal course of ADHD symptoms across childhood. Methods: Participants were mothers and children from the Environmental Risk (E‐Risk) Longitudinal Twin Study, a UK population‐representative birth cohort of 2,232 twins. Children's ADHD symptoms were assessed at ages 5, 7, 10 and 12 years. Household chaos was rated by research workers at ages 7, 10 and 12, and by mother's and twin's self‐report at age 12. Genome‐wide ADHD polygenic risk scores (PRS) were calculated for mothers (n = 880) and twins (n = 1,999); of these, n = 871 mothers and n = 1,925 children had information on children's ADHD and household chaos. Results: Children in more chaotic households had higher ADHD symptoms. Mothers and children with higher ADHD PRS lived in more chaotic households. Children's ADHD PRS was associated with household chaos over and above mother's PRS, suggesting evocative gene–environment correlation. Children in more chaotic households had higher baseline ADHD symptoms and a slower rate of decline in symptoms. However, sensitivity analyses estimated that gene–environment correlation accounted for a large proportion of the association of household chaos on ADHD symptoms. Conclusions: Children's ADHD genetic risk was independently associated with higher levels of household chaos, emphasising the active role of children in shaping their home environment. Our findings suggest that household chaos partly reflects children's genetic risk for ADHD, calling into question whether household chaos directly influences children's core ADHD symptoms. Our findings highlight the importance of considering parent and child genetic risk in relation to apparent environmental exposures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study is to determine the effective familial factors in the anxiety of going home of female college students living in dormitories. In order to understand the familial factors, the study was qualitative and used a phenomenological approach. The statistical population of the study consists of single female students living in a dormitory who were pursuing a master's degree at Allameh Tabatabaei University in Tehran Province and graduated at the end of the academic year 2017-2018. Among these female students, 10 samples were selected by purposive sampling method, snowball sampling method and their perceptions of effective factors related to family in anxiety of going home were investigated through semi-structured interviews. The results were examined. The seven-step method was used to analyze the results. Data analysis resulted in the identification of 24 primary concepts that were classified into 12 subthemes. From the reclassification of these themes, 4 major themes or topics emerged such as dysfunctional family communication style, confused family boundaries, and lack of effective decision making. Inefficient parenting styles were identified and the research results were classified and tabulated. The results show that ineffective parenting styles in each of the areas of communication style, family boundaries, decision making, and kindness styles lead to anxiety about going home among female dormitory students. Therefore, by informing families, especially in the context of family education in public media and children's schools, it is possible to increase the likelihood of female college students going home and lay the foundation for the stability of the family institution.

Copyright of Human Review is the property of Eagora Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background: Intellectual disability (ID) aggregates in families, but factors affecting individual risk and heritability estimates remain unknown. Methods: A population‐based family cohort study of 4,165,785 individuals born 1973–2013 in Sweden, including 37,787 ID individuals and their relatives. The relative risks (RR) of ID with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were obtained from stratified Cox proportional‐hazards models. Relatives of ID individuals were compared to relatives of unaffected individuals. Structural equation modeling was used to estimate heritability. Results: Relatives of ID individuals were at increased risk of ID compared to individuals with unaffected relatives. The RR of ID among relatives increased proportionally to the degree of genetic relatedness with ID probands; 256.70(95% CI 161.30–408.53) for monozygotic twins, 16.47(13.32–20.38) for parents, 14.88(12.19–18.16) for children, 7.04(4.67–10.61) for dizygotic twins, 8.38(7.97–8.83) for full siblings, 4.56(4.02–5.16) for maternal, 2.90(2.49–3.37) for paternal half‐siblings, 3.03(2.61–3.50) for nephews/nieces, 2.84(2.45–3.29) for uncles/aunts, and 2.04(1.91–2.20) for cousins. Lower RRs were observed for siblings of probands with chromosomal abnormalities (RR 5.53, 4.74–6.46) and more severe ID (mild RR 9.15, 8.55–9.78, moderate RR 8.13, 7.28–9.08, severe RR 6.80, 5.74–8.07, and profound RR 5.88, 4.52–7.65). Male sex of relative and maternal line of relationship with proband was related to higher risk (RR 1.33, 1.25–1.41 for brothers vs. sisters and RR 1.49, 1.34–1.68 for maternal vs. paternal half‐siblings). ID was substantially heritable with 0.95(95% CI 0.93–0.98) of the variance in liability attributed to genetic influences. Conclusions: The risk estimates will benefit researchers, clinicians, families in understanding the risk of ID in the family and the whole population. The higher risk of ID related to male sex and maternal linage will be of value for planning and interpreting etiological studies in ID. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Meta‐analyses suggest an association between autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and obesity, but the factors underlying this association remain unclear. This study investigated the association between ASD and obesity stratified on intellectual disability (ID). In addition, in order to gain insight into possible shared etiological factors, the potential role of shared familial liability was examined. Method: We studied a cohort of 3,141,696 individuals by linking several Swedish nationwide registers. We identified 35,461 individuals with ASD and 61,784 individuals with obesity. Logistic regression models were used to estimate the association between ASD and obesity separately by ID and sex and by adjusting for parental education, psychiatric comorbidity, and psychotropic medication. Potential shared familial etiologic factors were examined by comparing the risk of obesity in full siblings, maternal and paternal half‐siblings, and full‐ and half‐cousins of individuals with ASD to the risk of obesity in relatives of individuals without ASD. Results: Individuals with ASD + ID (OR = 3.76 [95% CI, 3.38–4.19]) and ASD−ID (OR = 3.40 [95% CI, 3.23–3.58]) had an increased risk for obesity compared with individuals without ASD. The associations remained statistically significant when adjusting for parental education, psychiatric comorbidity, and medication. Sex‐stratified analyses indicated a higher relative risk for males compared with females, with statistically significant interaction effects for ASD−ID, but not for ASD+ID in the fully adjusted model. First‐degree relatives of individuals with ASD+ID and ASD−ID had an increased risk of obesity compared with first‐degree relatives of individuals without ASD. The obesity risk was similar in second‐degree relatives of individuals with ASD+ID but was lower for and ASD−ID. Full cousins of individuals with ASD+ID had a higher risk compared with half‐cousins of individuals with ASD+ID). A similar difference in the obesity risk between full cousins and half‐cousins was observed for ASD−ID. Conclusions: Individuals with ASD and their relatives are at increased risk for obesity. The risk might be somewhat higher for males than females. This warrants further studies examining potential common pleiotropic genetic factors and shared family‐wide environmental factors for ASD and obesity. Such research might aid in identifying specific risks and underlying mechanisms in common between ASD and obesity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sibling bullying is the most common form of aggression within family worldwide, while the prevalence and correlations of sibling bullying is little known in China. The current research focused on the association between family factors and sibling bullying among Chinese adolescents, and explore sex differences in sibling bullying in the context of Chinese culture. A cross-sectional study was conducted to explore the characteristics of sibling bullying by sampling 6302 children and adolescents who had at least 1 sibling living in the household. Of the participants, 1827 (29.0%) were involved in sibling bullying over the past half year, and pure victims, pure bullies, and bully-victims were 486 (7.7%), 510 (8.1%), and 831 (13.2%), respectively. Family factors of sibling bullying were partly different between boys and girls. Parental absence of both father and mother was a risk factor of being a pure bully and a bully-victim for boys, and of being a pure victim for girls. Parental son preference increased the odds of being a pure victim and a bully-victim for boys, and of being all roles of sibling bullying involvement for girls. Besides, parent– parent violence, parent–child violence, and living with a single parent were risk factors of sibling bullying. The results underline the importance of home environment on sibling relationship, and intervention of sibling bullying should include improving family climate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Problematic use of the internet (PUI) is a growing concern, particularly in the young population. Family factors influence internet use among children in negative ways. This study examined the existing literature on familial or parental factors related to PUI in children. Methods: A scoping review was conducted in EBSCOhost, PubMed, ScienceDirect, JSTOR, Biomed Central, VHL Regional Portal, Cochrane Library, Emerald Insight, and Oxford Academic Journal databases. Studies reporting data on family factors associated with PUI in children, published in English in the 10 years to July 2020 were included. The following data were extracted from each paper by two independent reviewers: methodology and demographic, familial, psychiatric, and behavioral correlates of PUI in children. Results: Sixty-nine studies fulfilled the eligibility criteria. Three themes emerged: parenting, parental mental health, and intrafamilial demographic correlates of PUI in children. Parenting styles, parental mediation, and parent–child attachment were the major parenting correlates. Conclusion: Literature on significant familial and parental factors associated with PUI in children is scarce. More research is required to identify the interactions of familial and parental factors with PUI in children, to develop informed management strategies to address this issue. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AimIt is reported that problem drinking is severe among the elderly. The family environment has been regarded as a significant effecting factor in alcohol consumption of the drinker. With the increasing number of older people, paying more attention to this vulnerable group's drinking status and its' influencing factors is substantial for improving older adults' health and the quality of health services.MethodsThis study used data from the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy and Longevity Study (CLHLS), which was a representative survey covering 23 provinces in mainland China. Cross-sectional analyses were conducted with 15,142 older individuals (aged ≥65 years). Three self-reported questions about drinking behavior were examined to calculate alcohol consumption and categorize problem drinkers. Three multi-level models were utilized while adjusting for numerous socio-demographic and self-reported health factors to analyze the effect of family factors associated with problem drinking among the elderly.ResultsA total of 1,800 problem drinkers (12%) were identified in the sample. Key factors for the problem drinker were assessed such as Hukou (governmental household registration system), current marital status, years of schooling, primary caregivers, and financial sources of living were associated with problem drinking. The older population who live in rural areas (OR = 1.702, CI = 1.453, 1.994), with advanced years of education (OR = 1.496, CI = 1.284, 1.744), and making life by themselves (OR = 1.330, CI = 1.139, 1.552) were more likely to engage in problem drinking while those participants who are widowed (OR = 0.678, CI = 0.574, 0.801), cared for by children or other relatives (OR = 0.748, CI = 0.642, 0.871), adult care giver (OR = 0.348, CI = 0.209, 0.578) or by no one (OR = 0.539, CI = 0.348, 0.835), provided with financial support from their children (OR = 0.698, CI = 0.605, 0.806), other relatives (OR = 0.442, CI = 0.332, 0.587), or the government/community (OR = 0.771, CI = 0.650, 0.915), with insufficient financial support (OR = 0.728, CI = 0.608, 0.872) were at lower risk of problem drinking.ConclusionsThis study provides a strong correlation of various family factors that were associated with problem drinking among the elderly. The findings underscore the effort to promote healthy behaviors, including the importance of positive family factors and appropriate levels of alcohol consumption.

Suicide remains the second leading cause of death among youths. Family-related factors are considered important determinants of children's suicidal ideation, whereas their short-/long-term influence is seldom quantified. We aim to confirm the simultaneous/lagged effects of family-related factors on the occurrence of recent suicidal ideation from childhood to young adulthood (aged from 10 to 22 years old). Data were derived from a longitudinal prospective cohort study. Participants included 2065 students who were followed up for 13 years. Generalized estimating equations were used to clarify the influential effects of family-related factors on suicidal ideation during the past month. The peak of the rate of recent suicidal ideation arrived during junior high school years. Family interaction, family support, family involvement, and parental punishment had simultaneous effects on recent suicidal ideation. Family involvement, parental conflict, and psychological control had lagged and lasting effects on suicidal ideation. Notably, the lasting protective effects of family involvement were more obvious than simultaneous effects. Providing parents with sustained support and education to improve their "positive parenting literacy" can help with their children's mental health development. This is especially the case during COVID-19 quarantine periods when families spend the most time together at home. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To investigate the prevalence of post-traumatic stress symptoms (PTSSs) and analyze the influencing factors of PTSS among adolescents in a large sample study during the COVID-19 pandemic, we did a cross-sectional study by collecting demographic data and mental health measurements from a large group of 175,318 adolescents in 32 Chinese provinces and autonomous regions, using the Impact of Event Scale-Revised (IES-R) that was used to measure the PTSS of the participants. The results showed that the prevalence of PTSS was 35.7% in Chinese adolescents during the COVID-19 pandemic. Binary logistic regression analysis showed that, for the personal risk factors, the older age, female gender, the personality domains of extroversion, the irregular sleep schedule, the lack of aerobic exercise, and the lack of peer support were associated with the higher levels of PTSS. The family subjective and objective factors were associated with higher levels of PTSS. Our findings suggested that family factors are the most important factors that affect Chinese adolescents' PTSS due to the longtime home quarantine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]