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Polygonum cuspidatum, alternatively known as Fallopia japonica or Reynoutria japonica, is a perennial herb belonging to the Polygonaceae family. Commonly called Japanese knotweed or Asian knotweed, this plant is native to East Asia, particularly in regions such as Korea, China, and Japan. It has successfully adapted to a wide range of habitats, resulting in it being listed as a pest and invasive species in several countries in North America and Europe. This study focuses on analysing the composition of the bacterial and fungal endophytic communities associated with Japanese knotweed growing in the Russian Far East, employing next-generation sequencing (NGS) and a cultivation-based method (microbiological sowing). The NGS analysis showed that the dominant classes of endophytic bacteria were Alphaproteobacteria (28%) and Gammaproteobacteria (28%), Actinobacteria (20%), Bacteroidia (15%), and Bacilli (4%), and fungal classes were Agaricomycetes (40%), Dothideomycetes (24%), Leotiomycetes (10%), Tremellomycetes (9%), Pezizomycetes (5%), Sordariomycetes (3%), and Exobasidiomycetes (3%). The most common genera of endophytic bacteria were Burkholderia-Caballeronia-Parabukholderia, Sphingomonas, Hydrotalea, Methylobacterium-Metylorubrum, Cutibacterium, and Comamonadaceae, and genera of fungal endophytes were Marasmius, Tuber, Microcyclosporella, Schizothyrium, Alternaria, Parastagonospora, Vishniacozyma, and Cladosporium. The present data showed that the roots, leaves, and stems of P. cuspidatum have a greater number and diversity of endophytic bacteria and fungi compared to the flowers and seeds. Thus, the biodiversity of endophytic bacteria and fungi of P. cuspidatum was described and analysed for the first time in this study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Allelopathic compounds released by invasive plants can directly affect neighbouring plants by interfering with their germination and suppressing the growth of seedlings or adult plants. In this study, we investigated the strength of the allelopathic effect of three invasive plants: Japanese knotweed (Fallopia japonica), Canadian goldenrod (Solidago canadensis) and stinkwort (Dittrichia graveolens) on the germination and early growth of Tartary buckwheat (Fagopyrum tatricum). All three aqueous extracts significantly reduced the growth of buckwheat seedlings, but had almost no effect on seed germination. In addition, aqueous extracts obtained from a 2-fold serial dilution of a 10% extract of D. graveolens inhibited the growth of buckwheat seedlings in a dose-dependent manner. The results showed that root length was significantly more reduced than shoot length, while seed germination remained largely unaffected.

Fallopia japonica (Japanese knotweed, Reynoutria japonica or Polygonum cuspidatum) is considered an extremely invasive plant worldwide and a bioindicator of heavy metals. Yet, its potential as a crop for honeybees is still underevaluated. This study employs atomic absorption spectrometry to quantitatively analyze the concentration of macro-elements, namely, calcium (Ca), potassium (K) and magnesium (Mg); micro-elements, such as copper (Cu), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn) and selenium (Se); and trace elements, i.e., cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), nickel (Ni) and lead (Pb) in different anatomic parts of Fallopia japonica (FJ) plants (roots, rhizomes, stems, leaves) and their traceability into honey. This research encompasses a thorough examination of samples collected from the northwestern and western part of Romania, providing insights into their elemental composition. The results showed that the level of trace elements decreases in terms of traceability in honey samples (Pb was not detected in any of the analyzed samples, while Cd had a minimum content 0.001 mg/kg), ensuring its quality and health safety for consumption. Moreover, the data generated can function as a valuable resource to explore the plant's positive eco-friendly impacts, particularly in relation to its honey. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Polygonum cuspidatum, alternatively known as Fallopia japonica or Reynoutria japonica, is a perennial herb belonging to the Polygonaceae family. Commonly called Japanese knotweed or Asian knotweed, this plant is native to East Asia, particularly in regions such as Korea, China, and Japan. It has successfully adapted to a wide range of habitats, resulting in it being listed as a pest and invasive species in several countries in North America and Europe. This study focuses on analysing the composition of the bacterial and fungal endophytic communities associated with Japanese knotweed growing in the Russian Far East, employing next-generation sequencing (NGS) and a cultivation-based method (microbiological sowing). The NGS analysis showed that the dominant classes of endophytic bacteria were Alphaproteobacteria (28%) and Gammaproteobacteria (28%), Actinobacteria (20%), Bacteroidia (15%), and Bacilli (4%), and fungal classes were Agaricomycetes (40%), Dothideomycetes (24%), Leotiomycetes (10%), Tremellomycetes (9%), Pezizomycetes (5%), Sordariomycetes (3%), and Exobasidiomycetes (3%). The most common genera of endophytic bacteria were Burkholderia-Caballeronia-Parabukholderia, Sphingomonas, Hydrotalea, Methylobacterium-Metylorubrum, Cutibacterium, and Comamonadaceae, and genera of fungal endophytes were Marasmius, Tuber, Microcyclosporella, Schizothyrium, Alternaria, Parastagonospora, Vishniacozyma, and Cladosporium. The present data showed that the roots, leaves, and stems of P. cuspidatum have a greater number and diversity of endophytic bacteria and fungi compared to the flowers and seeds. Thus, the biodiversity of endophytic bacteria and fungi of P. cuspidatum was described and analysed for the first time in this study.

Invasive plants can cause loss of biodiversity and degradation of ecosystems with varying degrees of impact on soil communities. Little is known about how the organic matter of these invaders in the soil affects soil properties and nematode communities. We performed a pot experiment with non-invaded grassland soil and organic matter from two invasive plants, Fallopia japonica and Solidago gigantea, to assess and compare the composition and function of the nematode communities and soil properties. We tested five treatments: (1) non-invaded grassland soil (S), (2) 100% decayed organic matter from F. japonica (OMF), (3) 100% decayed organic matter from S. gigantea (OMS), (4) 50% soil plus 50% organic matter from F. japonica (S/OMF), and (5) 50% soil plus 50% organic matter from S. gigantea (S/OMS). Analysis of nematode composition was conducted over five months from May to September. The number of identified genera and diversity index was highest in the S treatment. The soil moisture content was highest, pH and the diversity index were lowest and herbivorous nematodes were absent in OMF and OMS treatments. The addition of OMF and OMS to soil decreased the soil pH and moisture content and increased the contents of organic carbon and total nitrogen. In S/OMF, the abundance of herbivores was lower than in S and the abundances of bacterivores and fungivores decreased during the study period. In the S/OMS, a significantly high diversity index was observed, similar to that in the S treatment. The selected ecological and functional indices differed between S/OMF, S/OMS and S, but not significantly. Our findings indicated that the organic matter from the two invasive plants could differentially contribute to interactions with nematode communities. A decrease in productivity and the slowing of nutrient cycling demonstrated by the decrease in the abundances of bacterivores and fungivorous nematodes may be common adding organic matter of invasive plants to soil. A decrease in the abundance of herbivores after the application of organic matter of F. japonica could potentially be used as an ecologically friendly management strategy against plant parasitic nematodes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fallopia japonica and Impatiens glandulifera are major plant invaders on a global scale that often become dominant in riparian areas. However, little is known about how these species affect interactions in soil–plant systems. The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of both species on abiotic and biotic soil properties, with a special focus on fungi. We investigated eight sites along small streams invaded by F. japonica and I. glandulifera, respectively, and compared each with nearby sites dominated by the native species Urtica dioica. Three different types of samples were collected: bulk soil, rhizosphere soil and roots from invasive and native stands at each site. Bulk soil samples were analysed for soil physicochemical, microbial properties (soil microbial respiration and ergosterol) and soil arthropod abundance (Acari and Collembola). Soil respiration was also evaluated in rhizosphere samples. The fungal community composition of both bulk soil and roots were analysed using a metabarcoding approach. Soil physicochemical properties as well as soil microbial activity, fungal biomass and soil fungal operational unit taxonomic unit (OTU) richness did not differ between invaded and native riparian habitats, indicating only minor belowground impacts of the two invasive plant species. Soil microbial activity, fungal biomass and soil fungal OTU richness were rather related to the soil physicochemical properties. In contrast, Acari abundance decreased by 68% in the presence of F. japonica, while Collembola abundance increased by 11% in I. glandulifera sites. Moreover, root-associated fungal communities differed between the invasive and native plants. In F. japonica roots, fungal OTU richness of all investigated ecological groups (mycorrhiza, endophytes, parasites, saprobes) were lower compared to U. dioica. However, in I. glandulifera roots only the OTU richness of mycorrhiza and saprobic fungi was lower. Overall, our findings show that F. japonica and I. glandulifera can influence the abundance of soil arthropods and are characterized by lower OTU richness of root-associated fungi. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Resveratrol is a phytoalexin, stilbenoid compound with antioxidant properties attributable to its bioactive trans-resveratrol content. This study characterized the effects of over-the-counter (OTC) resveratrol nutritional supplements and a HPLC-purified resveratrol formulation, in human transmitochondrial age-related macular degeneration (AMD) retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) patient cell lines. These cell lines, which were created by fusing blood platelets obtained from dry and wet AMD patients with mitochondria-deficient (Rho0) ARPE-19 cells, had identical nuclei (derived from ARPE-19 cells) but different mitochondria that were derived from AMD patients. After resveratrol treatment, the levels of cell viability and reactive oxygen species production were measured. Results demonstrated that treatment with different resveratrol formulations improved cell viability and decreased reactive oxygen species generation in each AMD patient cell line. Although further studies are required to establish the cytoprotective potential of resveratrol under different physiological conditions, this novel study established the positive effects of OTC resveratrol supplements in macular degeneration patient cybrid cell lines in vitro.

Fallopia japonica (Japanese knotweed, Reynoutria japonica or Polygonum cuspidatum) is considered an extremely invasive plant worldwide and a bioindicator of heavy metals. Yet, its potential as a crop for honeybees is still underevaluated. This study employs atomic absorption spectrometry to quantitatively analyze the concentration of macro-elements, namely, calcium (Ca), potassium (K) and magnesium (Mg); micro-elements, such as copper (Cu), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn) and selenium (Se); and trace elements, i.e., cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), nickel (Ni) and lead (Pb) in different anatomic parts of Fallopia japonica (FJ) plants (roots, rhizomes, stems, leaves) and their traceability into honey. This research encompasses a thorough examination of samples collected from the northwestern and western part of Romania, providing insights into their elemental composition. The results showed that the level of trace elements decreases in terms of traceability in honey samples (Pb was not detected in any of the analyzed samples, while Cd had a minimum content 0.001 mg/kg), ensuring its quality and health safety for consumption. Moreover, the data generated can function as a valuable resource to explore the plant’s positive eco-friendly impacts, particularly in relation to its honey.

Invasive plants can cause loss of biodiversity and degradation of ecosystems with varying degrees of impact on soil communities. Little is known about how the organic matter of these invaders in the soil affects soil properties and nematode communities. We performed a pot experiment with non-invaded grassland soil and organic matter from two invasive plants, Fallopia japonica and Solidago gigantea, to assess and compare the composition and function of the nematode communities and soil properties. We tested five treatments: (1) non-invaded grassland soil (S), (2) 100% decayed organic matter from F. japonica (OMF), (3) 100% decayed organic matter from S. gigantea (OMS), (4) 50% soil plus 50% organic matter from F. japonica (S/OMF), and (5) 50% soil plus 50% organic matter from S. gigantea (S/OMS). Analysis of nematode composition was conducted over five months from May to September. The number of identified genera and diversity index was highest in the S treatment. The soil moisture content was highest, pH and the diversity index were lowest and herbivorous nematodes were absent in OMF and OMS treatments. The addition of OMF and OMS to soil decreased the soil pH and moisture content and increased the contents of organic carbon and total nitrogen. In S/OMF, the abundance of herbivores was lower than in S and the abundances of bacterivores and fungivores decreased during the study period. In the S/OMS, a significantly high diversity index was observed, similar to that in the S treatment. The selected ecological and functional indices differed between S/OMF, S/OMS and S, but not significantly. Our findings indicated that the organic matter from the two invasive plants could differentially contribute to interactions with nematode communities. A decrease in productivity and the slowing of nutrient cycling demonstrated by the decrease in the abundances of bacterivores and fungivorous nematodes may be common adding organic matter of invasive plants to soil. A decrease in the abundance of herbivores after the application of organic matter of F. japonica could potentially be used as an ecologically friendly management strategy against plant parasitic nematodes.

Limiting the negative effects of an invasive species, such as Reynoutria japonica , has become a challenge for scientists and a necessity for managers. Ecologically relevant, technically feasible, and sustainable control methods must be created to reduce the development or spread of R. japonica in ecosystems. The objective of our study was to investigate how monthly mowing in association with plant competition affects the development of R. japonica over a three-year field experiment. Among the plant traits measured, the height growth of R. japonica was the most affected; it was strongly reduced in the presence of competing plants. Combined mowing and competition with restoration plants negatively affected the growth diameter of R. japonica. Most competitive sown species were well established and complementary in limiting the development of R. japonica. The plant communities showed interannual dynamics in which R. japonica declined progressively. The restoration methodology adopted in this study allows managers to make appropriate decisions to reduce the impact of R. japonica on ecosystems. • We provide an efficient ecological strategy for limiting R. japonica development with the following findings: • Mowing and competition can decrease the height and diameter growth of R. japonica. • Installing restoration plants can help limit the recolonization of R. japonica. • This strategy is low cost and can be used according to the environmental context. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Invasive plants may alter ecological and ecosystem processes, including the N-cycle. The Fallopia species complex is a well-studied invasive species whose N-resource acquisition traits define it as an acquisitive species. However, the study of the impacts of invasive plants on the N-cycle never considers the N-acquisition strategy as a reference for choosing another suitable plant control. The purpose of this study is to assess the impacts of an invasive species (Fallopia japonica FJ) on the N-cycle and to compare with those caused by a native acquisitive species (Dactylis glomerata DG), all compared to unplanted soils. A four-months mesocosm experiment was conducted by growing FJ and DG on nine different soils and measuring their impacts on N-cycle microbial activities (free-living nitrogen fixation FLNF, denitrification DEA, nitrification NEA), on N-mineral forms and on functional N-cycle gene abundance (nifH , AOA , AOB , nirS , nirK) as well as the total bacterial community gene (rRNA 16S). The nine soils differ in microbial enzymatic activities, N-mineral form concentrations, physico-chemical factors, texture, and gene abundances. Plant effects on FLNF, NEA and DEA are only soil dependent and no effect of invasive status was found. In addition, the native plant DG generally affected microbial parameters over a wider range of soils than the invasive plant. Stronger impacts of the native DG on microbial gene abundances were found compared to the invasive FJ. A stronger effect of the invasive plant was found for the soil NO 3 − concentration, with a significant decrease under the FJ than under the DG. Under both FJ and DG , NH 4 + concentrations were not significantly affected. In conclusion, the invasive status in the ecosystem of the two plants studied cannot be explained through their impacts on microbial enzymatic activities and gene abundances of the soil N-cycle and the soil N mineral pools. [Display omitted] • Comparison of the impacts on the soil N-cycle of an invasive and a native plant with similar resource acquisition strategy. • Both plants affected N microbial activities and communities, compared to unplanted soil. • The native plant generally influenced N-cycle over a wider range of soils than the invasive plant. • Plant impacts and plant traits were strongly soil dependent. • Plant impacts on soil N-cycle do not allow to distinguish them in terms of their native status or not in the ecosystem. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research background. Many plant extracts and essential oils show antibacterial and antifungal activities, with potential to replace the use of synthetic fungicides. We used invasive alien plants goldenrod (Solidago spp.) and Japanese knotweed (Fallopia japonica) as source materials to determine their antifungal activities against seed-associated fungi from wheat grain (Alternaria alternata, Alternaria infectoria, Aspergillus flavus, Epicoccum nigrum and Fusarium poae). Experimental approach. Aqueous and organic extracts (ethanol, methanol and acetone) were prepared from leaves and flowers of S. canadensis, S. gigantea and S. virgaurea, and leaves and rhizomes of F. japonica. Additionally, essential oils were distilled from Solidago flowers and leaves. The extracts and essential oils were tested as inhibitors of fungal growth in vitro. Solidago essential oils were tested also as antifungal agents for protection of wheat grain by determining its fungal infection and germination rate. Results and conclusions. The extracts showed a wide spectrum of low to moderate antifungal activities, with those of Solidago spp. generally more effective than those of F. japonica, and organic extracts more effective than aqueous extracts. The essential oils from leaves and flowers had similar antifungal activity and whole shoots can be collected for their production. This study presents the systematic study of the composition of essential oils from flowers and leaves of three widely distributed Solidago spp. in Slovenia, with the major constituents of terpenes and terpenoids α-pinene, germacrene D and bornyl acetate. Novelty and scientific contribution. The study presents the first use of Solidago spp. and Fallopia japonica extracts and essential oils against fungal strains isolated from wheat grain.

Les modèles permettront-ils prochainement d’aider les gestionnaires à optimiser leurs stratégies d’intervention sur le terrain pour freiner l’invasion par les renouées asiatiques ? C’est le pari que font les chercheurs d’Irstea en proposant un nouvel outil de modélisation qui permettra à terme de décrire la dynamique de croissance d’un massif de renouées soumis à différentes fréquences de fauche.

Le bâchage peut permettre de contrôler l’expansion des espèces invasives, en particulier des renouées asiatiques. Sur la base de retours d’expériences et des quelques références présentes dans la littérature, cet article décrit les conditions d’utilisation de géotextiles ou géomembranes et apporte des préconisations techniques pour mettre en œuvre les opérations de bâchage.

Plusieurs études et des observations de terrain ont confirmé que les renouées asiatiques sont sensibles à la compétition pour la lumière. C’est en partant de ce constat que différentes techniques de génie végétal ont été mises au point pour contrôler le développement des renouées et restaurer une communauté végétale diversifiée dans les zones envahies. Pour augmenter leur taux de succès, ces méthodes alternatives doivent cependant être associées parfois à des prétraitements et obligatoirement à des mesures d’accompagnement.

Une des pistes de recherche les plus récentes concernant la gestion des espèces végétales invasives porte sur les capacités des plantes à produire des composés chimiques inhibant la croissance ou le développement d’autres végétaux. Cet article décrit les enjeux, quelques recherches menées en France et les défis posés par cette démarche.

Les savoirs scientifiques, les représentations et les pratiques associées à la gestion des milieux naturels évoluent ; il est donc intéressant d’examiner si les réponses données à certaines questions sont toujours les mêmes, si elles convergent entre différents individus ou différentes disciplines, ou si ces questions n’ont plus lieu d’être et que d’autres émergent. Ici, c’est l’opinion d’une écologue et celle d’une géographe qui s’expriment, à la seule fin de proposer des questionnements et des pistes de réflexion parmi ceux qui animent aujourd’hui les échanges autour de la gestion des renouées.

Les renouées affectionnent les espaces remaniés par l’Homme et notamment les voies de transport (routes, voies ferrées, voies navigables). Leur colonisation présente alors un risque vis-à-vis de la sécurité de ces infrastructures et nécessite une gestion plus importante et plus complexe. Après avoir fait le point des différents impacts liés à la colonisation des renouées le long des voies de transport, cet article illustre comment les modes de gestion et d’entretien des emprises colonisées peuvent limiter ou favoriser la dynamique spatiale des renouées.

Pour ralentir ou stopper les fronts de colonisation des renouées asiatiques, des campagnes pédestres annuelles dites de «déterrage précoce» ont été mises en place depuis plusieurs années par des gestionnaires de milieux aquatiques. Les retours d’expériences menées le long des petits et moyens cours d’eau à écoulements rapides et sur le pourtour d’un lac montrent que cette technique douce a l’avantage d’être à la fois peu coûteuse et efficace.

De récents progrès réalisés en télédétection ont montré qu’il était possible d’identifier les renouées à partir de traitement d’images aériennes et de cartographier leur implantation de manière automatique ou semi-automatique. Cet article a pour objectif d’une part d’étudier la faisabilité d’une caractérisation du stade d’occupation des renouées le long de cours d’eau à partir de cette technique, et d’autre part, d’identifier les avantages et les limites actuelles d’une telle méthode.

La prévention par la détection précoce des renouées ou les interventions sur les débuts de colonisation sont des opérations à privilégier pour limiter les coûts de leur gestion et pouvoir encore agir sur le terrain. Mais comment définir quantitativement ces débuts d’invasion en ayant une approche cohérente sur les territoires ? Et quelles méthodes mettre en place pour freiner les invasions ? L’Agence de l’eau Rhône Méditerranée Corse propose un outil cartographique permettant d’évaluer les niveaux d’invasion puis d’établir des plans de gestion adaptés.

S’installant et colonisant des biotopes très divers, bordures de rivières et d’infrastructures linéaires, friches, etc., les renouées asiatiques peuvent concerner de nombreux gestionnaires publics et propriétaires privés. Or, trouver des moyens efficaces pour contrôler leur développement relèvent encore aujourd’hui du défi. Cependant, comme l’illustre cet article, en deux décennies, les compétences et l’expertise sur le terrain progressent ainsi que les échanges entre la recherche et la gestion, l’ensemble contribuant à faire évoluer les réflexions et les pratiques.

Chez les renouées asiatiques (complexe Reynoutria), l’eau des rivières est un des principaux vecteurs naturels de dispersion des propagules sexuées (akènes ailés) et végétatives (fragments de tiges et de rhizomes). Les auteurs de cet article ont étudié la flottaison et la viabilité de ces trois types de propagules en conditions expérimentales pour différentes taches de renouées. De leurs études, il en ressort une grande variabilité entre les taches pour un grand nombre de traits impliqués dans la dispersion par le cours d’eau et la colonisation des berges.

Il existe peu de données sur le risque de dissémination des renouées asiatiques via la filière de compostage. De ce fait et par mesure de précaution, beaucoup de plateformes de compostage industriel refusent les déchets verts issus des fauches ou des arrachages de ces espèces. Afin d’évaluer objectivement le risque de dissémination à l’échelle locale, le département de Savoie a lancé en 2017 un essai de compostage des renouées en grandeur réelle, sur la plateforme de Grand-Chambéry, dont cet article fait la synthèse.

Introduites en France à la fin du dix-neuvième siècle, les renouées asiatiques sont classées au niveau mondial parmi les espèces exotiques envahissantes les plus menaçantes pour la biodiversité. Dans cet article, écologues, géographes, historiens et gestionnaires font le point des éléments de connaissances sur ces espèces, objets de nombreux travaux de recherches et d’essais de gestion en France, en Europe et dans le monde.

Les renouées asiatiques sont-elles aussi nuisibles à l’environnement et aux infrastructures publiques et privées qu’on ne le soupçonne au simple examen visuel des massifs formés par ces plantes ? Cet article rapporte le résultat d’une revue exhaustive de la littérature scientifique sur les effets des renouées sur la flore, la faune, les sols et les infrastructures. Il montre que si certaines perceptions sont probablement vraies, d’autres ne reposent que sur des hypothèses fragiles non étayées par la science. Les lacunes dans les connaissances sont encore très grandes.

De 2011 à 2014, des expérimentations d’éco-pâturage caprin (Chèvre des fossés) ont été menées dans une zone humide de Mayenne dans le but de contrôler des herbiers de renouées du Japon. Sans toujours apporter des bénéfices sur la restauration de la biodiversité en général et l’abaissement du nombre de tiges de renouée dans les placettes colonisées, cette gestion originale a montré son efficacité pour réduire les pourcentages de recouvrement de l’espèce, la hauteur des tiges et les biomasses produites en fin de cycle.

Confrontée au manque de filière de traitement de gros volumes de matériaux infestés par des rhizomes de renouée du Japon, la Compagnie nationale du Rhône a développé une technique très efficace pour neutraliser immédiatement les terres infestées. Les matériaux alluviaux, triés puis broyés finement, peuvent être remis au cours d’eau, valorisés comme substrat de plantation ou évacués dans des installations de stockage de déchets inertes.

Le long des voies ferrées, les gestionnaires se tournent de plus en plus vers l’éco-pâturage pour entretenir la végétation et lutter contre les espèces exotiques envahissantes. La tendance est aujourd’hui au pâturage extensif avec moins d’animaux, mais sur du plus long terme pour limiter efficacement la repousse des tiges en épuisant les réserves stockées dans les rhizomes de la plante.

Les dynamiques d’invasion dans le temps et l’espace des renouées et leurs conséquences sont au cœur des préoccupations des chercheurs et des gestionnaires d’espaces naturels et d’infrastructures. Quel effet provoque l’apparition de renouées dans un milieu et comment celui-ci change avec le temps? Où vont-elles se disperser ensuite? Quelle méthode permet de limiter l’abondance des renouées sur une surface, et en combien de temps? Cet article de synthèse propose de dresser le portrait des processus et des facteurs qui sous-tendent les invasions des renouées de l’échelle de l’établissement des jeunes plantes à l’échelle régionale.

Les techniques d’éradication des renouées asiatiques consistent en un déterrage précoce, des coupes successives, un criblage-concassage… soit un ensemble de pratiques qui nécessite le transport et le stockage de quantités importantes de terres et de déchets potentiellement contaminés dans des conditions adaptées mais coûteuses. La solution alternative proposée ici est de valoriser les rhizomes de renouées riches en molécules d’intérêt, pour les secteurs du cosmétique, des compléments alimentaires et de la pharmaceutique.

This study determined the effect of the invasive plant Fallopia japonica on soil physical properties, microbial respiration, microbial biomass carbon content, enzymatic activities, and soil nematode communities. We established in total 30 plots in three natural habitats (forest, grassland, wetland) that were either uninvaded or mostly monospecifically invaded by F. japonica. The soil physical and microbial properties differed among the investigated plots, but the differences were observed to be non-significant between the invaded and the uninvaded plots. Non-metric multidimensional scaling based on nematode species diversity indicated that the total number of identified nematode species and their abundance were higher in the uninvaded compare to the invaded plots. Negative effect of F. japonica on omnivores, plant parasites, and root-fungal feeder nematodes was confirmed by their lower abundance in the invaded compared to the uninvaded plots. In the invaded plots, we also confirmed lower Maturity and Channel index, but higher Enrichment index. Our results thus indicated that the invasive plant F. japonica could affect nematode communities, more than physical or microbial properties, regardless of habitat.

Knotweed Polygonum cuspidatum s.l. is a large, suffrutescent, perennial forb native to northeastern Asia that was imported as an ornamental and has become a widespread invasive species in urban and rural environments of North America and Europe. Studies have demonstrated knotweed allelopathy to the germination and growth of many tracheophytes, but we have found no studies of knotweed toxicity to bryophytes. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine if knotweed extracts affected the growth of the gametophytes of two mosses: Atrichum angustatum and Thuidium delicatulum. Both moss species were exposed to aqueous rhizome extracts of knotweed in concentrations of 0 (control), 10, 25, 50 and 75% for a total of nine days in the laboratory. All non-zero concentrations resulted in significant losses of green biomass, with the greatest losses occurring at the highest concentrations. Samples exposed to the three highest concentrations lost 80% of green mass after nine days. These results help explain the scarcity of moss growth on or near live knotweed crowns. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Polygonum cuspidatum (P. cuspidatum) is a traditional herbal medicine with a long history and proven efficacy in treating gout. However, due to the complexity of composition and extensive content distribution, the substance basis of its anti-gout effectiveness is still unclear. A strategy was proposed via integrating off-line two-dimensional liquid chromatography (2D-LC) and targeted rapid screening technology based on ultrafiltration-liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UF-LC/MS) and on-line high-performance liquid chromatography-2, 2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt (HPLC-ABTS) to accomplish high coverage and high throughput screening of anti-gout components from P. cuspidatum. As a result, twenty components were screened from P. cuspidatum extract with both xanthine oxidase (XOD) inhibitory activity and free radical scavenging activity, then were preliminarily identified by high-resolution electrospray ionization-quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometer (ESI-Q-TOF/MS). The screened results were verified by the in vitro assays. Meanwhile, molecular docking further elucidated that the screened bioactive ingredients had favourable binding capabilities with XOD. The performance of this study can achieve high efficiency and high coverage screening of the anti-gout components from P. cuspidatum, which provides methodology and strategy support for the rapid screening of bioactive ingredients from complex medicinal plants., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest We declare that we do not have any commercial or associative interest that represents a conflict of interest in connection with the work submitted., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Renouées envahissantes – Avant-propos

The knotweed psyllid, Aphalara itadori, is a biological control agent for invasive knotweed species in North America and Europe. Initial releases were conducted in Canada in 2014 but establishment has been slow, seemingly as a result of low nymphal survival. We conducted two field experiments in Ontario, Canada, to explore the effects of native predators and the age of knotweed (Fallopia japonica) foliage on nymphal survival in A. itadori. Survival of A. itadori nymphs was significantly reduced on potted plants that were exposed to native predators in the field, compared to plants from which predators were excluded. The number of surviving nymphs was also significantly reduced on older F. japonica foliage, compared to recent regrowth after a summer cutting treatment. We discuss our findings in the context of biological invasion theory and emphasize the potential for increased overlap between the fields of invasion ecology and biological control. Finally, we advocate the use of A. itadori in combination with other control measures as part of an integrated pest management programme, rather than as a solitary measure. Specifically, we recommend that future releases of A. itadori be concentrated shortly after cutting or herbicide treatments in order to maximize the availability of young tender foliage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]