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Introduction: the identification of epidemiological and clinical factors related to early mortality allows us to draw up strategies and perfect action protocols and quality of care in Intermediate Care Units. Objective: to identify the epidemiological and clinical factors related to early mortality in patients treated in the Intermediate Care Unit. Methods: an observational, analytical, cross-sectional study was carried out at the "Arnaldo Milián Castro" Hospital between October 2019 and October 2022. All deaths (348) in the Intermediate Care Unit in the analyzed period were studied. Documentary analysis of medical records and descriptive and inferential, bivariate and multivariate statistics were used. Results: older adult patients increased the possibility of dying early 1.5 times and those with white skin three times, the latter with an 80% occurrence in this study. Patients with septic shock were six times more likely to die, those diagnosed with out-of-hospital bronchopneumonia five times more likely, and those with ischemic stroke, exacerbated respiratory disease, or decompensated heart failure four times more likely, respectively. Conclusions: early mortality was more frequent in individuals with white skin and age over 60 years; the emerging Intensive Care Unit as the place of origin and the history of high blood pressure, upper digestive bleeding, ischemic heart disease and diabetes mellitus predominated. The diagnosis at admission of upper digestive bleeding and intraventricular hemorrhage was more closely related to early mortality, and septic shock and multiple organ dysfunction were determining complications as well. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introducción. Las tasas de éxito del tratamiento de la tuberculosis continúan siendo subóptimas. Objetivo. Identificar los factores asociados al tratamiento no exitoso para tuberculosis en pacientes con antecedentes de tratamiento para la tuberculosis. Materiales y métodos. Se realizó un estudio observacional retrospectivo, analítico, de cohorte de pacientes que reingresaron a un programa de micobacterias en Cali, Colombia. Se incluyeron mayores de 15 años con tuberculosis pulmonar entre el 2015 y el 2019 con antecedentes de tratamiento para la tuberculosis. Se excluyeron los pacientes con tuberculosis resistente. Resultados. Ingresaron 605 pacientes con antecedentes de tratamiento, 60 % por tratamiento inconcluso y 40 % por recaída. En comparación con los pacientes que reingresaron por recaída (ORa= 2,34; IC=1,62-3,38), las variables que explicaron de manera independiente el no tener éxito con el tratamiento para la tuberculosis al egreso fueron: estar en situación de calle (ORa = 2,45; IC = 1,54-3,89), ser farmacodependiente (ORa = 1,95; IC=1,24-3,05), tener coinfección tuberculosis/VIH (ORa = 1,69; IC =1,00-2,86) o diabetes (ORa =1,89; IC=1,29-2,77), y el incumplimiento de un tratamiento previo por pérdida de seguimiento, abandono u otras causas. Las variables programáticas que favorecieron el éxito del tratamiento fueron la asesoría de la prueba voluntaria de VIH (p

Objetivo: Determinar la prevalencia de VIH en personas analizando la influencia de los determinantes sociales y las conductas sexuales de riesgo, para estimar los riesgos crudos y ajustados para ser VIH positivo en el municipio Solidaridad, estado de Quintana Roo, México. Método y Materiales: Se realizó un estudio transversal en el municipio de Solidaridad, Quintana Roo, México. Se realizaron pruebas rápidas de VIH de tercera y cuarta generación. Se calcularon las estadísticas descriptivas, las medidas de asociación (OR e IC del 95 %) y el valor de p para cada estrato. Se realizaron modelos de regresión logística para determinar los factores de riesgo asociados con ser VIH positivo en las pruebas. Resultados: La muestra estuvo compuesta por 4,800 personas de las cuales; 3,030 hombres (63.12%); la edad promedio fue de 32.6 años (D.E. 14.96). Las variables incluidas en el modelo multivariado para ser VIH positivo son: hombres que tienen sexo con hombres con OR=61.20, edad 30-39 años OR=1.72, tener sexo anal OR=2.21, y como factor protector contar con servicio de salud OR =0.42. Conclusiones: Este estudio confirma determinantes sociales ya conocidos como el ser hombre y estar en edad económicamente activa y prácticas sexuales como: el tener sexo anal y hombres con hombres. Contar con derechohabiencia se muestra como único factor protector.

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Copyright of Biomédica: Revista del Instituto Nacional de Salud is the property of Instituto Nacional de Salud of Colombia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introducción: Los pacientes con el fenotipo delgado metabólicamente obeso (DMO) pueden presentar el mismo riesgo que los obesos clásicos para desarrollar enfermedades crónicas a largo plazo. No obstante, la prevalencia y los factores que se encuentran asociados este varía de acuerdo con la población estudiada. Objetivo: determinar la prevalencia y los factores se encuentran asociados al fenotipo DMO en el Perú. Métodos: Estudio analítico de corte transversal. Análisis secundario de la base de datos del estudio PERU MIGRANT. Los factores asociados que se consideraron fueron: edad (30-44 años, de 45-59 años, y 60 a más años), sexo, estado socioeconómico, nivel de educación, migración, tabaquismo, consumo de alcohol y nivel actividad física. Resultados: La prevalencia del fenotipo DMO fue de 32,23% (IC95% 27,61-37,10). En el análisis multivariable, el sexo masculino mostró 39% menor probabilidad de presentar el fenotipo DMO (PRa: 0,610; IC95% 0,428-0,869; p=0,006), en comparación con el sexo femenino. Mientras que, pertenecer a los grupos de edad entre 45-59 años y de 60 años a más presentó 110,5% (PRa: 2,105; IC95% 1,484-2,988; p

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Antecedentes: La mortalidad materna es un indicador de calidad en la atención de las embarazadas y se considera un problema de salud pública por las repercusiones que tiene para los infantes y sus familias. Su principal factor desencadenante es el embarazo de alto riesgo. Objetivo: Identificar las condiciones que llevaron al diagnóstico de embarazo de alto riesgo y describir las alteraciones de salud en las gestantes de un hospital de nivel III. Métodos: Estudio retrospectivo en embarazadas que consultaron por embarazo de alto riesgo durante el 2017. Resultados: La edad media de las pacientes fue 26 años; 54% procedían del área urbana; el 72.7% pertenecían al régimen subsidiado, el antecedente personal más frecuente fue la cirugía previa (20.9%); la media de controles prenatales fue de 4.7 iniciados alrededor de la semana 11.7. La condición que originó el diagnóstico de embarazo de alto riesgo fue el control prenatal insuficiente con un 25.6%, determinado durante la gestación. El tipo de parto más común fue el vaginal espontáneo con un 38.8% y no se presentaron muertes maternas. Conclusión: De acuerdo con perfil epidemiológico de las gestantes con embarazo de alto riesgo, se resalta el control prenatal insuficiente como principal causa, lo que sugiere reforzar o rediseñar las estrategias de atención por parte de los actores involucrados que permitan implementar controles de calidad en la caracterización y cuidado de las gestantes del Departamento.

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Highlights: El ser varón es un factor relevante asociado al no tamizaje de diabetes mellitus tipo 2 (DM2). Un mayor nivel de educación y socioeconómico se asocian positivamente con la posibilidad de realizarse tamizaje para DM2 El fortalecimiento de los servicios de atención primaria es crucial en la prevención primaria de DM2 a través del tamizaje. Introducción: La Diabetes Mellitus tipo 2 es una enfermedad que representa un reto para la salud pública por su tendencia al crecimiento e impacto sobre todo en países en desarrollo. Objetivo: determinar los factores asociados a la no realización del cribado de diabetes mellitus tipo 2 según la encuesta demográfica y de salud familiar del año 2020 (ENDES-2020). Materiales y métodos: Estudio analítico transversal secundario de la ENDES-2020. Resultados: Las variables que mostraron asociación estadísticamente significativa para cribado de DM2 fueron: sexo masculino (PR=1,06, IC95% 1,02–1,10; p

Introducción: el suicidio es un problema de interés en salud pública que viene en aumento, se considera un fenómeno multifactorial de carácter complejo y es un proceso que nace en la ideación suicida (IS). Objetivo: desarrollar una revisión sistemática de la literatura que permita identificar los factores asociados con la conducta e ideación suicida en estudiantes de enfermería. Metodología: revisión sistemática exploratoria de la literatura basada en la propuesta de Arksey y O’Malley, 2005. Resultados: fueron seleccionados 15 artículos en texto completo publicados entre 2015 y 2021; se evidencia un crecimiento notable desde 2015, y se concentra la mayor producción en 2016 (31.25%). Se establecieron 13 temas emergentes que denominamos factores: 1) lugar de residencia; 2) responsabilidad académica; 3) tratamiento psicológico o psiquiátrico; 4) estado civil; 5) religión; 6) alcohol y sustancias psicoactivas; 7) sexo; 8) académico; 9) habilidades para la vida y/o psicosociales; 10) edad; 11) historial de IS e intentos de suicidio previos; 12) historia de maltrato y 13) instrumentos de medición. Conclusiones: la identificación y evaluación del riesgo suicida en los estudiantes de enfermería es vital para la detección, el manejo y la prevención de las conductas del espectro, incluida la ideación suicida, por lo cual es fundamental implementar medidas para prevenirlo, pues no ha sido estudiado de manera amplia.

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Introduction: While HTN is widely seen as a primary threat to cardiovascular conditions worldwide, it is essential to recognize that not all HTN is identical., Objective: To determine the prevalence, trend, and factors associated with each type of HTN: isolated systolic (ISH), isolated diastolic (IDH), and systolic-diastolic (SDH)., Methods: A secondary analysis of data from the Demographic and Family Health Survey from 2014 to 2022 was conducted. For the analysis of associated factors, a Poisson regression model with robust variance was implemented to calculate adjusted prevalence ratios (aPR) along with their 95% confidence intervals., Results: The prevalence was 7.02%, 1.55%, and 3.28% for ISH, IDH, and SDH, respectively. ISH showed a decline in 2022, unlike the other two types, which seem to be on the rise. A statistically significant association was found in men and an increased risk with age for ISH and SDH, unlike IDH, where age acts as a protective factor. Additional factors identified include smoking and excessive alcohol consumption, while a high intake of fruits/vegetables offers a protective effect. Obesity and diabetes were associated with a higher risk, and significant variations by region and altitude, as well as among ethnic groups, were observed., Conclusions: Significant differences in the prevalence of HTN subtypes have been found, underscoring the heterogeneity of this chronic condition, both in related factors and in trends over the years., (Copyright © 2024 The Authors. Publicado por Elsevier España, S.L.U. All rights reserved.)

This study aimed to evaluate the pharmacological trends in patients with COVID-19 from a hospital in Peru during the first wave of the pandemic. Retrospective study conducted between April and September 2020. The medical records of patients hospitalized for COVID-19 pneumonia at the Dos de Mayo National Hospital (Lima, Peru) were reviewed. Of a total of 3103 patients, 381 medical records were included (77.4% male, median age: 44 years). The use of four prehospital drugs increased (azithromycin, ivermectin, corticosteroids, and ceftriaxone), while the in-hospital use of six drugs (ceftriaxone, azithromycin, hydroxychloroquine, ivermectin, corticosteroid pulse, and prophylactic anticoagulation) decreased and in-hospital anticoagulation use decreased. These findings suggest that the management of COVID-19 has varied during the first wave of the pandemic, typically increasing prehospital drug use and decreasing inpatient use.

Objetivo. Evaluar las diferencias de costos y prevalencia de las terapias de remplazo renal (TRR) como el trasplante, la diálisis peritoneal y la hemodiálisis en Argentina, Costa Rica y Uruguay, mediante estrategias costo-efectivas de difusión. Métodos. Costos y prevalencia de principales financiadores y prestadores por país, y análisis de costoefectividad mediante modelo de Markov a 5 años, evaluando estrategias de asignación de recursos expresadas por razón incremental de costo-efectividad en costo por año de vida ajustado por calidad. Resultados. Se observa dispersión entre los países en el acceso y los valores prestacionales de TRR, que afectan su prevalencia y el punto de equilibrio monetario. Desde el punto de vista de los costos, es más eficiente promover la realización de trasplantes y de diálisis peritoneal, y desalentar la indicación de hemodiálisis, aunque la disponibilidad de cada TRR por país requirió evaluaciones particulares. Conclusiones. Promover la realización de trasplantes ahorra costos, aunque los puntos de equilibrio variables requieren determinar diferentes umbrales de costo-efectividad por país. En Argentina y Uruguay, la administración de TRR mejoraría su eficiencia si se aumentan la cantidad de pacientes en diálisis peritoneal y las tasas de donación para trasplantes. En Costa Rica (donde hay tasas elevadas de trasplantes y margen presupuestario), la incorporación de técnicas dialíticas se ajusta por demanda e incidencia de pacientes con ERCT.

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Antecedents and objectives. Sarcopenia is a syndrome characterized by the progressive and generalized decrease in skeletal muscle mass, strength and decreased physical performance. Associated factors are age, diet, sedentary lifestyle and chronic diseases. Very few studies have been conducted on the epidemiology of sarcopenia in hospitalized elderly. The objective of the study was to describe the prevalence of sarcopenia and identify the associated factors among elderly patients hospitalized in Madrid, Spain. Material y Methods. A cross-sectional study was conducted at the Hospital Central de la Defensa "Gómez Ulla" during the period from March to September 2018. 295 patients with ages greater than or equal to 65 participated. Sarcopenia was defined according to the EWGSOP2 criterion measuring muscle mass, muscle strength and functionality. Results. The prevalence of sarcopenia was 28.5% (95% CI 23.3-33.7), without significant differences between men and women. The Body Mass Index, hospital stay, alcohol consumption, smoke, physical activity, frequency of physical activity and strength of muscle mass, muscle strenght and funcionality presented an association with the sarcopenia. Conclusions. The prevalence was higher than other studies. The body mass index was significantly higher in subjects with sarcopenia. A higher proportion of smoking was found in subjects without sarcopenia. Likewise, an association was found between physical exercise and a lower prevalence of sarcopenia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The urinary tract infections in pregnant women are the second most frequent medical pathology in pregnancy, presenting an incidence of 5-10%. In Mexico, according to the Mexican Clinical Practice Guide, the incidence is 2%, and establishes a recurrence of 23% of them. Objective: To determine the associated epidemiologic factors with recurring infections in lower urinary tract in pregnant women during the period of May 2019 through May 2020. Material and methods: Analytical observational crosssectional and retrospective research study, where prenatal control sheets of clinical records were reviewed from the institutional program to identify frequency of recurrence and epidemiologic factors associated with lower urinary tract infections in 90 pregnant women; the variables were analyzed through descriptive statistics and analytical statistics. Results: Of a total of 90 electronic records of pregnant women, a recurrence of lower urinary tract infections was found in 41 patients (45.6%). Conclusions: The prevalence of recurring lower urinary tract infections during pregnancy in our population is alarming in whom no association was found with the presence of the epidemiologic factors studied in the present investigation; however, a tendency of recurrence urinary tract infections was identified in women that are not working, superior level of education, 2 pregnancies or less, patients under 20 years of age and in those who were treated with nitrofurantoin for a period of time less than 7 days. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introducción: Los trabajadores de salud presentan alto riesgo de la COVID-19, hecho especialmente importante en el Perú que tiene una de los mayores índices de letalidad por esta pandemia. Objetivo: Identificar y comparar los determinantes de letalidad por la COVID-19 en trabajadores de salud del Perú, entre la primera y segunda olas. Material y Métodos: Análisis secundario de datos de la Sala situacional de trabajadores del sector salud de COVID-19, que incluyó 95 966 casos confirmados de la COVID-19 hasta el 21 de octubre de 2021. Se calculó el índice de letalidad, así como los odds ratio -y sus intervalos de confianza a 95 %- crudo y ajustado mediante regresión logística binaria. Resultados: 65,5 % fueron mujeres, de 41,2 (D.E.=11,1) años en promedio. El índice de letalidad fue mayor durante la segunda ola (2,1 % [IC95%=2,0-2,2] vs 2,6 % [IC95 %=2,5-2,8]). El sexo masculino (3,49 [IC95 %=3,09–3,95] en la primera ola y 2,65 [IC95 %=2,32–3,02] en la segunda ola), la edad ≥40 años (9,97 [IC95 %=8,19–12,13] en la primera ola y 10,77 [IC95 %=8,56–13,54] en la segunda ola), así como ser profesional de salud (1,14 [IC95 %=1,01–1,28] en la primera ola y 1,59 [IC95 %=1,39–1,82] en la segunda ola) determinaron la letalidad por la COVID-19 en ambas olas. Conclusiones: La letalidad fue mayor en la segunda ola y se asoció a determinantes individuales, geográficos y ocupacionales de los trabajadores de salud peruanos.

Introduction: Healthcare workers are at high risk of COVID-19, a fact that is especially important in Peru which has one of the highest COVID-19 case fatality rates. Objective: To identify and compare the determinants of COVID-19 case fatality among healthcare workers in Peru between the first and second waves of the pandemic. Material and Methods: Secondary analysis of data from the COVID-19 Health Sector Workers Situation Room which included 95,966 confirmed cases of COVID-19 until October 21, 2021. Case fatality rate was calculated; crude and adjusted odds ratios with 95 % confidence intervals were obtained by applying binary logistic regression. Results: The results show that 65,5 % of the workers were female, aged 41,2 (S.D.=11,1) years on average. Case fatality rate was higher in the second wave. Male sex (3,49 [95 %CI=3,09–3,95] in the first wave (2,1 % [95 %CI=2,0-2,2] vs. 2,6 % [95 %CI=2,5-2,8]), and 2,65 [95 %CI=2,32–3,02] in the second wave), ≥40 years ofage (9,97 [95 %CI=8,19–12,13] in the first wave, and 10,77 [95 %CI=8,56–13,54] in the second wave), and healthcare professionals (1,14 [95 %CI=1,01–1,28] in the first wave, and 1,59 [95 %CI=1,39–1,82] in the second wave) were determinants for COVID-19 case fatality in both waves. Conclusions: COVID-19 case fatality was higher in the second wave, and was associated with individual, geographic and occupational determinants in Peruvian healthcare workers.

Objective. To identify the determinants of exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) among children under 6 months of age from three regions in the South and Grand'Anse Departments of Haiti. Methods. Data were pooled from three cross-sectional surveys conducted yearly from 2017 to 2019 with the guardians of 638 children under 6 months of age. A non-quantitative 24-hour dietary recall was used to assess EBF the day before the survey. Using unadjusted and adjusted prevalence ratios, associations were assessed between EBF and several explanatory factors: infant's age and sex; maternal age, educational attainment, mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC), dietary diversity, number of children under 5 years of age, responsibility for the main or secondary source of income of the household, initiation of breastfeeding within one hour, knowledge of EBF duration; household severe food insecurity, socioeconomic status, dependency ratio, region, and residential zone (urban/rural). Results. Prevalence of EBF was 68% in the study sample. From the fully adjusted model, prevalence of EBF was statistically significantly higher among younger infants, mothers with larger MUAC, who met or exceeded Minimum Dietary Diversity for Women (MDD-W), who initiated breastfeeding within one hour, who were knowledgeable of the recommendations for EBF duration, and living in the Jérémie region. Conclusions. The main determinants of EBF identified in this study attest to the importance of breastfeeding mothers' access to nutritious food for the practice and maintenance of EBF and the need for geographically equitable access to health services and education that support breastfeeding. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objetivo. Identificar los factores asociados a las micosis pulmonares prevalentes en pacientes con sintomatología de enfermedad respiratoria crónica baja del Alto Huallaga, Perú. Materiales y métodos. Se diseñó un estudio de casos y controles que incluyó 168 pacientes. Los casos (52) incluyeron pacientes con enfermedades respiratorias crónicas bajas y prueba de inmunodifusión positiva para Histoplasma capsulatum y/o Paraccocidiodes brasiliensis y/o Aspergillus sp atendidos en los establecimientos de salud del Ministerio de Salud y del Seguro Social de Salud del Perú y los controles (116) pacientes con prueba de inmunodifusión negativa. Se analizaron los factores sociodemográficos y económicos. Resultados. Se identificaron 52 casos (15 Histoplasma capsulatum y 37 Aspergilosis sp). Se encontró asociación con los factores de procedencia (zona rural) (p < 0,01), ingreso económico (

This study aimed to evaluate the pharmacological trends in patients with COVID-19 from a hospital in Peru during the first wave of the pandemic. Retrospective study conducted between April and September 2020. The medical records of patients hospitalized for COVID-19 pneumonia at the Dos de Mayo National Hospital (Lima, Peru) were reviewed. Of a total of 3103 patients, 381 medical records were included (77.4% male, median age: 44 years). The use of four prehospital drugs increased (azithromycin, ivermectin, corticosteroids, and ceftriaxone), while the in-hospital use of six drugs (ceftriaxone, azithromycin, hydroxychloroquine, ivermectin, corticosteroid pulse, and prophylactic anticoagulation) decreased and in-hospital anticoagulation use decreased. These findings suggest that the management of COVID-19 has varied during the first wave of the pandemic, typically increasing prehospital drug use and decreasing inpatient use. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: to describe the clinical and epidemiologic characteristics of COVID-19 patients in telemonitoring at the first level of care. Materials and methods: descriptive, cross-sectional, retrospective research, with a non-probabilistic convenience sample of 332 records of patients suspected of SARS-CoV-2 from a primary health care center. The data was collected from the SISCOVID 19 platform, with prior permission from the institution, and the personal identification data was protected with codes. Results: of the population studied, they were women (58.73%), mean age 39 years, 31.02% worked in service activities, 22.89% were housewives and 8.73% were health personnel. Hypertension (5.72%), obesity (3.31%) and cardiovascular disease (2.71%) were the most frequent comorbidities. 100.00% diagnosed with rapid test, 86.61% reported having home contact. Symptoms at the start of telemonitoring included: cough (56.02%) and sore throat (50.00%); 100% of cases received telephone followup, 25.00% longer than 16 days; the symptoms that lasted an average of 6 days were: headache (6.39%) and sore throat (5.92%); and the one that persisted the most was headache (6,385 ± 4,555 days). Most of the patients presented mild symptoms (67.77%). Conclusions: telemonitoring has great potential for the follow-up of patients in epidemic contexts, because it allows early detection of cases. Therefore, it reduces hospitalizations, reduces the risk of infection for health personnel and families, reduces follow-up operating costs, improves referral of complicated cases and allows education on preventive measures and treatment at home. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Habanera de Ciencias Médicas is the property of Universidad de Ciencias Medicas de La Habana and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objetivos. To determine the trend and factors associated with brushing two or more times per day in children under twelve years of age between 2013 and 2018 in Peru. Materials and Methods. A cross-sectional study was conducted by secondary analysis of data reported by the Demographic and Family Health Survey (ENDES). Information on children with at least one brushing per day was taken into account, considering as an "Adequate Toothbrushing Frequency" (ATF) for those who reported brushing two to more times per day. Percentage measures were generated by geographical area, health, housing, and household characteristics. Factors associated with an ATF were determined by using binary logistic regression for complex surveys, trend variability was identified by joinpoint regression with a 95% confidence. Results. In 2013, the ATF was 79.0%, increasing to 83.9% by 2018. Four out of 25 geographic areas were identified as having no variation on the ATF, and four others decreased. All sanitary characteristics showed favoring brushing, emphasizing that not sharing the toothbrush generated a 2.30 OR, 95% CI: 1.46 to 3.60. The natural region, type of place of residence, and wealth index quintile affected the ATF. The ATF was higher as the age group increased. Conclusions. The percentage of ATF has increased in recent years, being favorably influenced by health aspects; in rural areas, this percentage is significantly lower, something that is also evident in the Highland region.

Introducción: la clínica del cierre angular primario puede variar desde una sospecha de la enfermedad hasta estadios avanzados del daño glaucomatoso, lo que puede provocar ceguera. Objetivo: describir la epidemiología del cierre angular primario en pacientes pinareños, una vez identificadas las variables sociodemográficas y oculares que determinan su forma clínica. Métodos: se realizó un estudio descriptivo transversal en Pinar del Río, en los años 2013 y 2017, el universo estuvo constituidos por 293 casos nuevos con diagnóstico de cierre angular primario en cualquiera de sus formas clínicas. El análisis estadístico se realizó con el programa SPSS. Resultados: la edad media fue 57,69 ± 7,35 años; predominaron las mujeres (89,5 %) y el 77,2 % evidenció una situación de estrés. Los valores promedio de longitud axial y amplitud de cámara anterior fueron 21,89 ± 0,49 mm y 2,65 ± 0,27 mm. El 87,03 % de los ojos mostró ángulo estrecho. La media de la presión intraocular basal fue de 23,86 ± 5,81. Al analizar las variables sociodemográficas y oculares en relación a la forma clínica, se encontró que los factores que la determinan fueron: edad (p

Introducción: Los pacientes fallecidos por COVID-19 al inicio de la pandemia evidencian características clínico-epidemiológicas particulares y su identificación, lo mismo que los aspectos asociados a su diagnóstico son fundamentales para la implementación de estrategias en salud pública que permitan la protección sanitaria de los grupos más vulnerables. Objetivo: Determinar las características clínico epidemiológicas de los pacientes fallecidos por COVID-19 y su asociación con el diagnóstico tardío en las primeras etapas de la pandemia en el departamento de Bolívar-Colombia. Materiales y Métodos: Estudio descriptivo de corte transversal con una muestra de 51 pacientes fallecidos por COVID-19; se calculó la frecuencia relativa de los factores de riesgo clínico epidemiológicos de estos pacientes y se realizó un análisis bivariado para evidenciar la asociación con la posibilidad de ser diagnosticado después de la muerte, usando la razón de disparidad (OR) con su intervalo de confianza Resultados: El 47,2 % de los diagnósticos se hicieron después de la muerte; el promedio entre el inicio de los síntomas y la muerte fue aproximadamente 13 días, en los que se evidencia como comorbilidades importantes las enfermedades cardíacas (58,5 %) y la hipertensión (35,8 %). La asociación con el diagnóstico después de la muerte se relaciona con los casos notificados en abril y mayo (p=0,03), ser mayor de 80 años (p=0,03) y tener malnutrición (p=0,04). Conclusión: En el contexto del departamento de Bolívar se observan fallas en el diagnóstico oportuno de algunos grupos poblacionales vulnerables y a los pacientes con enfermedades cardíacas se debe prestar atención para evitar la alta mortalidad.

Introducción: Salud mental se define como un estado de bienestar en el cual el individuo es consciente de sus propias capacidades, puede afrontar las actividades cotidianas de la vida, laborar de forma productiva y es capaz de hacer una contribución a su comunidad; al mismo tiempo la salud mental es algo más que la ausencia de trastornos mentales es parte integral de la salud. En Colombia el Ministerio de Salud y Protección Social ,el plan decenal de salud pública 2012-2021; dentro del marco de la Ley 1751 de 2015- la ley Estatutaria en Salud-, secundario a las inequidades en los servicio de salud, el ministerio bajo la ley 1751 construye la Política de Atención integral en Salud y el modelo de atención integral en salud como alternativa para la solución de problemas y para ello retoma estrategias como la APS con enfoque familiar y comunitario, el cuidado y gestión integral del riesgo y el enfoque diferencial. Métodos: Estudio observacional, descriptivo de corte transversal con temporalidad retrospectiva de los pacientes con trastornos mentales en un periodo comprendido entre 2017-2018 en el municipio de Neiva Huila, en el Hospital Universitario Hernando Moncaleano Perdomo. Resultados: La depresión fue la patología más prevalente con un 24,16%, seguida por la esquizofrenia con un 14,62%. El promedio de edad fue de 36 años, la mayor frecuencia fue en el género masculino con el 55,32%, con una razón hombre-mujer de 1,23. El servicio donde atendieron a la mayor población psiquiátrica fue por consulta externa con un porcentaje de 62,94%. Conclusiones: Los trastornos mentales y del comportamiento son un problema creciente en salud mental a nivel global, nacional y regional aunado a ello el consumo de sustancias psicoactivas como patología dual incrementa el riesgo de padecer patologías psiquiátricas. Esta caracterización interna, nos ha permitido entender que las proyecciones escandalosas de Goldberg y Huxley son una realidad, que se calcan en el Departamento del Huila, y que nuestra Unidad Mental se convierte solo en un grano de arena en el desierto.

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Copyright of Revista de Pesquisa: Cuidado é Fundamental is the property of Revista de Pesquisa: Cuidado e Fundamental Online and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

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Objetivo. Determinar los factores asociados a la falta de adherencia al tratamiento oftalmológico en pacientes con glaucoma, en una clínica privada. Métodos. Estudio observacional, analítico y transversal. La muestra fue conformada por 106 pacientes con diagnóstico previo de glaucoma. El análisis estadístico se realizó con ayuda del programa STATAv.16., se realizó la prueba t de Student, la prueba Chi cuadrado y el análisis de regresión logística, el nivel de significancia fue 5%. Resultados. La edad promedio de los pacientes fue 66,6 ± 13,8 años, la mayoría fueron mujeres (59,43%), procedentes de la costa (62,26%), con grado de instrucción secundaria (38,68%). La frecuencia de mala adherencia al tratamiento oftalmológico fue 69,81% (n=74). El análisis multivariado de regresión logística reveló que la accesibilidad a los medicamentos (OR=0,10; IC95%=0,03-0,32) y cumplir la hora de la medicación (OR=0,09; IC95%=0.02-0.33) representaron factores protectores de mala adherencia al tratamiento, mientras que la interrupción de la medicación por sentirse bien de salud (OR=9,23; IC95%=1,08-78,52), necesitar ayuda para colocarse las gotas (OR=2,61; IC95%=1,10-6,20) y suspender el tratamiento si no encuentra ayuda (OR=4.43; IC95%=1,19-16,25) representaron factores de riesgo de mala adherencia al tratamiento oftalmológico. Conclusión. Los pacientes con glaucoma sin acceso a los medicamentos, que incumplen horario de su medicación, que interrumpen la medicación por sentirse bien de salud, que necesitan ayuda en su atención y no encuentran la ayuda son más propensos a una mala adherencia al tratamiento oftalmológico.

Introduction: obstetric complications refer to problems during pregnancy or delivery, which have long-term consequences for both mother and child. Objective: to determine the factors associated with obstetric complications in primigravid women at the Amazonian hospital in Yarinacocha, Pucallpa, Peru during 2018. Methods: an observational, analytical and cross-sectional study was conducted in the obstetrics and gynecology service at Amazonian Hospital in Yarinacocha, Pucallpa, Peru during 2018. The chi-square test was used to determine the association between variables, and it was determined whether p

Introducción. En Colombia, el diagnóstico de los tumores de cabeza y cuello es tardío, lo cual aumenta la mortalidad, las secuelas estéticas y funcionales, y los costos para el sistema de salud. Actualmente, hay poca información sobre los factores que retrasan el diagnóstico y tratamiento de los pacientes con cáncer de cabeza y cuello. Métodos. Se trata un estudio transversal y analítico. Como referencia, se utilizó el cálculo de muestras para una población finita con un nivel de confianza del 95 % y un margen de error del 5 %, para un total de 159 pacientes con diagnóstico de cáncer de cabeza y cuello atendidos en la Clínica Vida de Medellín, entre los años 2016 y 2017. Resultados. Se evaluaron 146 pacientes. Los síntomas más frecuentes por los que consultaron fueron masa cervical y disfonía. Solo el 53,4 % de los pacientes buscó atención médica inmediata ante la presencia del síntoma. De aquellos que no la buscaron, la causa más frecuente fue la creencia de que el síntoma desaparecería espontáneamente. Discusión. Con base en los resultados obtenidos, se puede concluir que el síntoma de presentación juega un papel importante para que el paciente decida buscar o no buscar atención médica inmediata. El síntoma de presentación y el vivir en el área rural, retrasan el tiempo transcurrido entre la aparición del síntoma y la primera valoración por un médico de atención primaria. Los factores que se asociaron al retraso entre el diagnóstico y el inicio del tratamiento, fueron la seguridad social y el haber presentado tos como síntoma inicial.

Objetivos: Describir principales factores epidemiológicos, métodos de diagnóstico y tratamiento del retinoblastoma en niños del Hospital Nacional Edgardo Rebagliati Martins. Métodos: Estudio retrospectivo y descriptivo, se revisaron historias clínicas, se obtuvo 25 pacientes con retinoblastoma bilateral. Se utilizó estadísticos descriptivos para la presentación y análisis de los resultados. Resultados: Predominio en preescolares y varones, leucocoria signo más frecuente. Conclusión: Además de lo mencionado en los resultados, es más común el diagnóstico en estadios avanzados, la mayoría recibieron quimioterapia sistémica, más del 50% también terapia focal y el 44% preservó visión unilateral.

Introduction. The Covid 19 pandemic has caused high lethality in the Lambayeque region, collapsing hospitals. Objectives: describe, by gender, the characteristics of clinic discharge patients with sarscov2 hospitalized at EsSalud in the Lambayeque region. Material and Methods: Observational, retrospective, descriptive study, selecting a representative sample of confirmed COVID 19 cases between April 1 to June 30, 2020 at the Almanzor Aguinaga Asenjo National Hospital (HNAAA) and the Luis Heysen Inchaustegui Hospital (HLHI) ; as exclusion criteria: those with less than 48 hours of stay, the deceased and those referred to other establishments. The clinical history data were collected in the SGSS system, Excel software was used for data processing. Results: 329 patients were registered, of which 70% were male, mean age 55.9 +/- 11 years; Diagnosis was by serological test 80% and chest tomography 17%. Dyspnea was the predominant symptom 85%, lymphopenia 51% and high C-reactive protein 39% and high LDH 35%. Treatment was mainly oxygen 89% and enoxaparin 87%, azithromycin 86% and ceftriaxone 70%, hospital complications were ARDS 88.1% and atypical pneumonia 86.6%, hospital stay was 7.85 + / - 5.42 days. Conclusions: The majority of hospitalized in Essalud were men, average age 55.9 years; main symptom dyspnea; lymphopenia with high C-reactive protein and LDH predominated; the treatment was based on oxygen and enoxaparin, mean hospital stay of 7.85 days. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Cadernos de Saude Publica is the property of Escola Nacional de Saude Publica Sergio Arouca and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective: to describe the influence of epidemiological factors on the puerperal follow-up and on the emergence of health problems in the region covered by the Mãe Paranaense Network. Method: descriptive, quantitative research, with 280 puerperal women from counties of the ninth Health Region of Paraná, held in the second half of 2017 and first half of 2018, organized in two steps: in the rooming-in care of maternities and in the homes, six months after the birth. Results: the appointment in the first week after delivery was performed by 51.1% of the puerperal women, and with 42 days, by 76.8%. Low age and schooling were associated with the non-completion of appointments. There were 20.7% of puerperal women with clinical problems, 53.2% with emotional symptoms, and approximately 10% with depressive symptoms and suicidal thoughts. Conclusion: epidemiological factors influence the poor adherence to puerperal appointments, but not the emergence of health problems in the puerperium. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Introduction: Vector-borne diseases account for more than 17% of all infectious diseases and annually they cause one million deaths worldwide. In Colombia, malaria, dengue, Chagas disease, and leishmaniasis are persistent endemo-epidemic events. Objective: To determine the behavior and transmission scenarios of vector-borne diseases in Colombia between 1990 and 2016. Materials and methods: We conducted a descriptive study on the epidemiological behavior of the main vector-borne diseases in Colombia between 1990 and 2016 based on information from official secondary sources. Results: During the study period, there were 5,360,144 cases of vector-borne diseases, 54.7% of which were due to malaria and 24.9% to dengue, accounting for 80% of the cumulative disease burden of vector-borne disease cases. The median incidence rates were 1,371 and 188 per 100,000 inhabitants for malaria and dengue, respectively. In addition, emerging events such as Chikungunya registered 774,831 cases since its introduction in 2014, while 117,674 Zika fever cases were reported since its emergence in 2015. In rural settings, parasitic vector-borne diseases such as malaria, leishmaniasis and Chagas disease predominated, while in urban scenarios dengue, chikungunya and Zika were predominant. Conclusions: Persistent epidemic and endemic transmission of vector-borne diseases in urban and rural settings in Colombia was observed mainly in the case of malaria, dengue, leishmaniasis and Chagas disease. Such transmission was focused and had variable intensity patterns. On the other hand, the conditions that have favored the emergence of new arboviruses persist.

Objetivos. To determine the trend and factors associated with brushing two or more times per day in children under twelve years of age between 2013 and 2018 in Peru. Materials and Methods. A cross-sectional study was conducted by secondary analysis of data reported by the Demographic and Family Health Survey (ENDES). Information on children with at least one brushing per day was taken into account, considering as an "Adequate Toothbrushing Frequency" (ATF) for those who reported brushing two to more times per day. Percentage measures were generated by geographical area, health, housing, and household characteristics. Factors associated with an ATF were determined by using binary logistic regression for complex surveys, trend variability was identified by joinpoint regression with a 95% confidence. Results. In 2013, the ATF was 79.0%, increasing to 83.9% by 2018. Four out of 25 geographic areas were identified as having no variation on the ATF, and four others decreased. All sanitary characteristics showed favoring brushing, emphasizing that not sharing the toothbrush generated a 2.30 OR, 95% CI: 1.46 to 3.60. The natural region, type of place of residence, and wealth index quintile affected the ATF. The ATF was higher as the age group increased. Conclusions. The percentage of ATF has increased in recent years, being favorably influenced by health aspects; in rural areas, this percentage is significantly lower, something that is also evident in the Highland region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Nursing UFPE / Revista de Enfermagem UFPE is the property of Revista de Enfermagem UFPE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)