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Given a ground-set of elements and a family of subsets, the set covering problem consists in choosing a minimum number of elements such that each subset contains at least one of the chosen elements. This research focuses on the set covering polytope, which is the convex hull of integer solutions to the set covering problem. We investigate the connection between the study of the facets of the set covering polytope and tilting theory. This theory studies how inequalities can be rotated around their contact points with a polyhedron in order to obtain inequalities inducing higher dimensional faces. To study this connection, we introduce the concept of tilting vectors which characterize the degrees of freedom of rotation of an inequality. These vectors characterize facet-defining inequalities and can be used to tilt inequalities with a similar procedure to the one used for arbitrary polyhedra. Additionally, we demonstrate that the computational effort needed to tilt an inequality can be reduced when the inequality has many null coefficients. Finally, we use the tilting vectors to extend several necessary and/or sufficient conditions for facets of the set covering polytope presented by several previous works of the literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The 1ry event that begins and propels the procedure of spinal degeneration is generalized or segmental spinal instability. The 2ry spinal events to 1ry spinal instability have been determined as all identified consequences of spinal degeneration, including ligamentum flavum collapse, disc space reduction and osteophyte formation. Aim: To assess the effect of tranfacetal fixation of lumbar spine in degenerative spine disease. Patients and Methods: Fourteen cases with spinal segmental vertical instability associated with lumbar canal stenosis have been managed at Helmeya Military Hospital through the transfacetal implantation of screws into each articular assembly. Results: Throughout the follow-up period, all cases who were treated reported a high degree of satisfaction with the relief of their symptoms, and their spinal levels demonstrated robust bone stabilization. There were no complications associated with the insertion of the screws. Screw misplacement or implant rejection were not observed. Conclusions: The spinal segment can be securely fixed and stabilized by inserting screws into the firm and predominantly facets cortical bones of the spine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fundamental understanding of surface oxidation dynamics is critical for rational corrosion protection and advanced manufacturing of nanostructured oxides. In situ environmental TEM (ETEM) provides high spatial (nano- to atomic- scale) and temporal (< 0.1 s) resolution to investigate the early-stage oxidation/corrosion dynamics of metals and alloys. Thin samples with facets are widely used to enable cross-sectional observation of the oxidation dynamics in ETEM. However, how different facet orientations oxidize under the same conditions, and how these facets change the oxidation process, has not been investigated before. Using in situ ETEM, we systematically compare the oxidation dynamics of Cu(001) thin films, with faceted holes exposing {100} and {110} facets at temperatures ranging from 250–600 °C under 0.03 Pa O2. Oxidation preference is observed to change, from Cu(110) facets at lower temperatures to Cu(100) facets at ~ 500 °C. Oxide growth mechanisms change from outward growth on Cu2O surfaces at low temperatures, to inward growth on Cu-Cu2O interfaces at high temperatures. At high temperatures (500–600 °C), a rod-like Cu2O morphology is observed, with side facets of ~ {024} and top facets of {100} on Cu(100). This differs from the square-shaped Cu2O exposing {110} facets formed on Cu(001) surfaces. Rod-like oxides exhibit directional growth along their lengths with linear growth rates, regardless of rod length and width. This suggests that O from Cu(001) surfaces, rather than Cu(100) facets, serves as an O source for oxide growth. These results show a direct comparison of oxidation at different orientations with temperature, underscoring the temperature dependence of oxidation preference. Our results also suggest future in situ ETEM experiments viewing oxidation corrosion cross-sectionally should be cautious when oxide size is comparable with sample thickness, as the oxidizing mechanism may change due to sample thickness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Given a graph G = (V , E) and a set S ⊆ V 2 of terminal pairs, the minimum multicut problem asks for a minimum edge set δ ⊆ E such that there is no s-t-path in G - δ for any { s , t } ∈ S . For | S | = 1 this is the well known s-t-cut problem, but in general the minimum multicut problem is NP-complete, even if the input graph is a tree. The multicut polytope M U L T C □ (G , S) is the convex hull of all multicuts in G; the multicut dominant is given by M U L T C (G , S) = M U L T C □ (G , S) + R ≥ 0 E . The latter is the relevant object for the minimization problem. While polyhedra associated to several cut problems have been studied intensively there is only little knowledge for multicut. We investigate properties of the multicut dominant and in particular derive results on liftings of facet-defining inequalities. This yields a classification of all facet-defining path- and edge inequalities. Moreover, we investigate the effect of graph operations such as node splitting, edge subdivisions, and edge contractions on the multicut-dominant and its facet-defining inequalities. In addition, we introduce facet-defining inequalities supported on stars, trees, and cycles and show that the former two can be separated in polynomial time when the input graph is a tree. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: The presence of facet tropism has been correlated with an elevated susceptibility to lumbar disc pathology. Our objective was to evaluate the impact of facet tropism on chronic lumbosacral discogenic pain through the analysis of clinical data and finite element modelling (FEM). Methods: Retrospective analysis was conducted on clinical data, with a specific focus on the spinal units displaying facet tropism, utilizing FEM analysis for motion simulation. We studied 318 intervertebral levels in 156 patients who had undergone provocation discography. Significant predictors of clinical findings were identified by univariate and multivariate analyses. Loading conditions were applied in FEM simulations to mimic biomechanical effects on intervertebral discs, focusing on maximal displacement and intradiscal pressures, gauged through alterations in disc morphology and physical stress. Results: A total of 144 discs were categorized as ‘positive’ and 174 discs as ‘negative’ by the results of provocation discography. The presence of defined facet tropism (OR 3.451, 95% CI 1.944 to 6.126) and higher Adams classification (OR 2.172, 95% CI 1.523 to 3.097) were important predictive parameters for discography-‘positive’ discs. FEM simulations showcased uneven stress distribution and significant disc displacement in tropism-affected discs, where loading exacerbated stress on facets with greater angles. During varied positions, notably increased stress and displacement were observed in discs with tropism compared to those with normal facet structure. Conclusion: Our findings indicate that facet tropism can contribute to disc herniation and changes in intradiscal pressure, potentially exacerbating disc degeneration due to altered force distribution and increased mechanical stress. Cite this article: Bone Joint Res 2024;13(9):452–461.

We show how to solve a maximum clique problem on a given graph by an equivalent problem on an auxiliary graph. The transformation has interesting consequences in the bilevel setting. In fact, it allows to map a clique interdiction problem with edge interdiction into a clique interdiction problem with node interdiction. As a byproduct of the mapping, we can generalize to the edge interdiction problem complexity and algorithmic results that hold for the node interdiction problem. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This is a report of a series of 14 patients who presented with a range of "atypical" cranial, spinal, and systemic symptoms that started after they suffered a relatively severe injury to the head and/or neck several months or years before surgical treatment. The implications of diagnosing and treating central or axial atlantoaxial dislocation (CAAD) is discussed. Also, the role of dynamic rotatory and lateral head tilt imaging in the diagnosis and treatment is analyzed. Of the 14 patients, 7 were men and 7 were women, with an age range of 21–64 years (average, 42 years). Due to the severity of the presenting neurological and non-neurological symptoms, all the patients had lost their occupation and were heavily dependent on painkillers and/or antidepressant drugs. In addition to other characteristic clinical and radiological evidence, CAAD was diagnosed made based on the facet alignments on lateral profile imaging in the neutral head position. Dynamic head flexion-extension, lateral head tilt, and neck rotation imaging findings confirmed and subclassified CAAD. All 14 patients underwent atlantoaxial fixation surgery. A personalized self-assessment clinical scoring parameter and the World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule 2.0 was used to evaluate the outcome. One patient did not follow-up after surgery. At a minimum follow-up of 6 months after atlantoaxial fixation surgery, the remaining 13 patients experienced relief from all major symptoms. Diagnosing and treating CAAD can have major therapeutic implications for patients presenting with progressively worsening disabling clinical symptoms following relatively severe head and/or neck trauma. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the present article a new design of a deformable facet and a heliostat with several deformable facets is presented. Previous work has been made around designing heliostats with concentrating facets in the facilities of the Plataforma Solar de Hermosillo. The evaluation and design process of facets and their evolution is also shown and reviewed. The facet design was initially conceived as a parabolic trough surface, however, through a modification of the facet, the surface was transformed into a concave surface. The resulting spot produced by the facet assumes nearly a spherical surface. A heliostat constructed with these facets shows similar optical performance with a previous one made with spherical facets; this spherical heliostat has a higher peak and mean flux. Nevertheless, the deformable facet heliostat presents a simpler construction and structure. A comparison between both heliostats will be presented.

Previous research has established that personality traits and personal values are intertwined constructs reporting sizable correlations. However, few previous studies have examined facet level traits in relation to values. The Big Five model contains lower-order facets representing specific contents of each trait domain. To this end, we provide a correlational map of 30 facets (IPIP-NEO-120) and Schwartz’s 10 values using an Mturk sample (N = 406). Results show moderate to strong correlations at the facet-level, indicating construct overlap between trait-facets and values. For example, the link between trait-facet excitement-seeking and the value-domain stimulation was r = .91. We also show that moderation analyses of trait-value relations result in very few significant interaction-effects with sex, age, and socioeconomic status. We discuss that traits at facet-level may be beneficial for a better understanding of the robust links between personality traits and values.

The Psychopathy Checklist—Revised (PCL‐R) is a widely used measurement of psychopathy comprising interpersonal, affective, lifestyle, and antisocial facets representing narrow‐band characteristics associated with the construct. However, there is little research on whether the distinct facets of psychopathy show specialised relationships with different types of criminal offences. The PCL‐R was administered to 138 adults incarcerated at a county jail. Arrests were coded into broad categories (i.e., crimes against persons, property or society), as well as for specific offence types (e.g. burglary, assault) using US crime definitions. Zero‐order correlations and zero‐inflated regression models showed significant relationships between: the lifestyle facet and property and societal crimes, mainly drug offences; the affective facet and crimes against persons; and the antisocial facet with all three major crime categories, as well as burglary, motor vehicle theft, robbery and assault. Overall, these results indicate that the PCL‐R facets offer unique information about specific forms of criminal behaviour. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research on personality traits predicting life outcomes has typically been investigated using the Big Five factors and only occasionally their facets. However, recent research suggests that the use of items (reflecting personality nuances) can account for more predictive variance. The aim of the present study was to examine the predictive validity for various life outcomes comparing the hierarchical levels (factors, facets, and nuances) of the personality trait structure. These were measured using one of the publicly available instruments, IPIP-NEO-120, in a Swedish sample (N = 440). Confirmatory Factor Analyses (CFA) were performed to confirm the structures of the Big Five levels, and we used Elastic Net Regressions (ENR; with 10-fold cross-validation and shrinkage parameter), trained and applied for prediction in two separate samples. The results showed that nuances (item-level models) on average provided greater explained variance (34%) than facets (22.5%) and factors (12%) for all six life outcome predictions. Findings suggest that there may be psychometric value to using the lowest item-level of personality trait measurements. Implications, limitations, and directions for future research are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The aim of the article is to demonstrate the employer brand personality scale (previously validated under Polish conditions) and to estimate (using this scale) whether the employer brand personalities can be considered expressive. Design/methodology/approach: The literature review and survey were used. Research was carried out among 576 people. The paper fits into the topic of employer brand personality that has been investigated for years. Findings: It was established that the Polish-language employer brand personality scale is a twodimensional construct. Using a validated employer brand personality scale, it was also learnt that although employers can be 8rather9 characterised as solid, it is difficult to determine whether they are stylish. Therefore, the study showed that the employer brand personalities (of the organisations represented by the respondents) are difficult to categorise as strong or expressive. Research limitations/implications: The study does not meet the condition of statistical representativeness. Limitations are also related to the research technique and measurement scales used. Future research may focus on the relationship between employer brand and human personality. The impact of employer brand personality on employee loyalty is also worth analysing. Practical implications: The developed employer brand personality construct (in Polish) can be used in practice. We encourage employers to measure employer brand personality. This is important because the strong employer brand personality can help the organisation to become an employer of choice, that is, an employer that has no problems with attracting and retaining talented employees. Originality/value: Research conducted is pioneering in Poland. Until now, no work has been done in Poland to design and validate the employer brand personality scale; no one identified the employer brand personality on the basis of a previously validated (culturally adapted) scale either. The recommendations contained in the paper can be an inspiration for researchers and managers who are interested in investigating and strengthening the employer brand personality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recent intervention research has shown that personality traits can be modified through psychological interventions. However, it is unclear whether reported effects represent changes in the trait domain or only some facets or items. Using data (N = 552) from a recent intervention trial, the present study examined the effects of a digital-coaching intervention on self- and observer-reported personality facets and items. We focused on participants who wanted to decrease in Negative Emotionality, increase in Conscientiousness or increase in Extraversion. We used measurement invariance testing to examine which level of the trait domain hierarchy changed during the intervention. For the self-reports, we found some heterogeneity in the effects on all three trait domains, but most notably Extraversion and Conscientiousness. Specifically, participants reported to increase strongly on sociability (Extraversion), and moderately on productiveness and organization (Conscientiousness), but not on the other facets of these trait domains. Observers generally reported small but non-significant changes, with no scalar invariance violations except for Extraversion. Overall, this suggests considerable heterogeneity in intervention-related personality change that can be overlooked if only focusing on the trait domain level. We discuss the relevance of measurement invariance testing and measurement approaches for personality development and intervention research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Detecting sets of relevant patterns from a given dataset is an important challenge in data mining. The relevance of a pattern, also called utility in the literature, is a subjective measure and can be actually assessed from very different points of view. Rule-based languages like Answer Set Programming (ASP) seem well suited for specifying user-provided criteria to assess pattern utility in a form of constraints; moreover, declarativity of ASP allows for a very easy switch between several criteria in order to analyze the dataset from different points of view. In this paper, we make steps toward extending the notion of High-Utility Pattern Mining; in particular, we introduce a new framework that allows for new classes of utility criteria not considered in the previous literature. We also show how recent extensions of ASP with external functions can support a fast and effective encoding and testing of the new framework. To demonstrate the potential of the proposed framework, we exploit it as a building block for the definition of an innovative method for predicting ICU admission for COVID-19 patients. Finally, an extensive experimental activity demonstrates both from a quantitative and a qualitative point of view the effectiveness of the proposed approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Comprehending the metal-support interactions (MSI) as well as interface structures plays a crucial role in creating efficient interface sites. However, the interfacial nature is influenced by multiple structural factors, making it challenging to establish a direct correlation between interfacial sites and CO 2 methanation activity. Herein, the CeO 2 with uniform facets were used as supports to study the influence of facet-induced MSI on methanation performance. CeO 2 cubes with (1 0 0) facet and octahedrons with (1 1 1) facet was fabricated over Ni/CeO 2 by altering hydrothermal parameters. (HR)TEM, XPS and Raman characterizations etc. revealed that the presence of embedded MSI structures in Ni/CeO 2 -Cub resulted in the well-dispersed Ni0. The embedded Ni–CeO 2 interaction owned a maximized interface with more surface oxygen vacancies. The FT-IR spectrum indicated that the synergistic effect of H 2 dissociation on Ni NPs surfaces and CO 2 activation in adjacent surface oxygen vacancies occurred in Ni–CeO 2 interfaces, improving CO 2 methanation activity with a large number of formates. CO 2 conversion rate for Ni/CeO 2 -Cub was 18.4 times as high as that for Ni/SiO 2 without MSI at 548 K. This study elucidated how the facet-induced interfaces impacted the methanation activity, providing new ideas for the development of efficient CO 2 hydrogenation catalysts. [Display omitted] • The metal-support interaction was modulated by different CeO 2 facets. • More surface oxygen vacancies were created at the embedded Ni–CeO 2 interface. • The formate and adsorbed CO were identified as key intermediates. • The relationship between Ni–CeO 2 interfaces and methanation activity was explored. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Meaningful engagement by the public in the water decisions that affect their lives requires basic scientific knowledge, such as where their water comes from, the factors that affect quality and availability, and the challenges that influence water supply. A 2020 study suggests that Florida and Georgia residents lack fundamental knowledge about their water resources, including regional water processes, including its challenges, and policies. This is the base information that would enable a person to competently participate in water discussions and make citizen-level voting decisions on topics related to the Floridan aquifer. The knowledge deficits identified in the study are areas on which water communicators can build the public’s water science comprehension and, thereby, support increased public engagement. The findings also suggest the level of water science complexity that the public is equipped to understand.

The facets of the old Mc Donnell Douglas concentrator of Plataforma Solar de Almería –PSA- SF60 solar furnace were degraded after thirty years of service, which had a great influence on its thermal response and efficiency, as the reflectivity decreased significantly due to the reflective surface being corroded and scratched. That is why, it was decided to replace them by new facets with higher reflectivity and better optical conditions. This paper describes the new facets, as well as the new support structure and the assembly and alignment of the concentrator facets. Finally, the technical characteristics of the new concentrator, and the power, size and flux distribution on the focus, are presented. For the new facets we selected a thin, hexagonal-shaped mirror bonded to an aluminum plate. Therefore, new facets with improved optical conditions were designed and manufactured and, for the assembly a new tubular structure was used to conform the new FAHEX100 concentrator To anticipate the behavior of the new FAHEX100 concentrator, a model was built in Tonatiuh, for which a geometric analysis of the facets was previously performed by means of photogrammetry. Once the facets were mounted on the concentrator, they were aligned by the Reverse Ilumination Method -RIM–, and the flux distribution on the focus was measured with a CCD camera. The performance of the SF60 solar furnace was improved significantly with the new FAHEX100 concentrator, including power, peak concentration, flux distribution on the focus, focus diameter and optical error σopt.

We present a mixed integer programming formulation for the problem of clustering a set of points in R d with axis-parallel clusters, while allowing to discard a pre-specified number of points, thus declared to be outliers. We identify a family of valid inequalities separable in polynomial time, we prove that some inequalities from this family induce facets of the associated polytope, and we show that the dynamic addition of cuts coming from this family is effective in practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The application of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV) is becoming increasingly common in geological mapping. The acquired UAV images help in building a 3D virtual outcrop model after processing. In particular, the use of UAV provides a rapid and low-cost method for estimating planar discontinuity orientation in inaccessible outcrops. Several open-access software packages are now available for automatic extraction of the orientation of planar structures using point cloud data generated from UAV images. This study demonstrates software applications for extracting geological discontinuities and compares the results with direct field observations in the outer part of the Garhwal Lesser Himalaya. Two types of geological surfaces, namely, the bedding surface and the fracture surface, are tested by processing point clouds in the discontinuity set extractor (DSE) and the FACETS (cloudcompare) software. Both the DSE and the FACETS require the availability of distinct 3-D exposures and clean point clouds on virtual Outcrop models. Results from both the software deviate from the field observations by a few degrees. Between the two software, FACETS gives relatively more accurate results than the DSE. The compass tool is an additional advantage in the cloudcompare (FACETS). These techniques have been successfully demonstrated in rock mass characterization and slope stability studies. In general, the semi-automatic methods are useful in studies requiring the orientation of a well-exposed single surface or several surfaces in a small area that is inaccessible. These techniques, however, become time-intensive due to noisy data in geologically complex areas where the rocks are cut by multiple sets of discontinuities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study was to realize a French adaptation of the Big Five Inventory-2 (BFI-2), and to further examine the BFI-2's convergent and discriminant validity via a comparison with the NEO-PI-3 and with the syndromes assessed by the Symptom Checklist (SCL-90-R). Bifactor Exploratory Structural Equation Modeling almost fully supported the BFI-2's factor structure and measurement model with five major factors, 15 facets, and an acquiescence method factor. All the scales measuring the major factors showed excellent reliability and almost all the scales measuring facets showed acceptable to excellent reliability and satisfactory metric and scalar invariance across gender. The BFI-2 domains and facets were found to be strongly correlated with the scales of the NEO-PI-3 measuring similar constructs. The BFI-2 Negative Emotionality domain and its facets were positively related to most of the SCL-90-R scales, and Extraversion and its facets related negatively with Interpersonal Sensitivity and Depression. In conclusion, data from the French adaptation confirmed the relevance of the BFI-2 hierarchical factor structure, as well as its scales' reliability and convergent and discriminant validity, which supports and extends the body of knowledge from the original American BFI-2 and its Danish, Dutch, German, Russian, and Slovakian adaptations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

While the maximum cut problem and its corresponding polytope has received a lot of attention inliterature, comparably little is known about the natural closely related variant maximum bond. Here, given a graph G = (V, E), we ask for a maximum cut δ(S) ⊆ E with S ⊆ V under the restriction that both G[S] as well as G[V \ S] are connected. Observe that both the maximum cut and the maximum bond can be seen as inverse problems to the traditional minimum cut, as there, the connectivity arises naturally in optimal solutions. The bond polytope is the convex hull of all incidence vectors of bonds. Similar to the connection of the corresponding optimization problems, the bond polytope is closely related to the cut polytope. While the latter has been intensively studied, there are no results on bond polytopes. We start a structural study of the latter, which additionally allows us to deduce algorithmic consequences. We investigate the relation between cut- and bond polytopes and the additional intricacies that arise when requiring connectivity in the solutions. We study the effect of graph modifications on bond polytopes and their facets, akin to what has been spearheaded for cut polytopes by Barahona, Grötschel and Mahjoub [4; 3] and Deza and Laurant [17; 15; 16]. Moreover, we study facet-defining inequalities arising from edges and cycles for bond polytopes. In particular, these yield a complete linear description of bond polytopes of cycles and 3-connected planar (K5 − e)-minor free graphs. Finally, we present a reduction of the maximum bond problem on arbitrary graphs to the maximum bond problem on 3-connected graphs. This yields a linear time algorithm for maximum bond on (K5 − e)-minor free graphs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Accumulated evidence indicates both stable and malleable parts of inter‐individual differences in the broad Big Five domains. Less is known, however, about stability and change at the more diversified facet level. With the current study, we fill this gap by investigating personality stability and change across midlife and old age. Method: We apply local structural equation measurement models and second‐order growth curve models to four waves of data obtained with the full NEO Personality Inventory (NEO‐PI‐R) collected over 11 years from 1667 adults (Mage = 62.69 years, SDage = 15.62, 55% female) who participated in the Seattle Longitudinal Study. Results: Measurement invariance analyses indicated that the psychometric properties of the NEO‐PI‐R facets are comparable across time and age. Results revealed substantial rank‐order stabilities across all facets, yet the exact pattern varied strongly between facets of the same trait and across traits. Mean‐level change of facets from midlife to old age largely mirrored the mean‐level change observed for the broader traits. Conclusion: We discuss conceptual implications and argue that in the face of overall stability across midlife and old age, changes in the rank‐ordering of people reveals a much more complex and diverse pattern of development than analyses at the trait level suggest. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Variance in the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire Revised Short Form’s (EPQ-RS) Neuroticism scale is divisible into a general factor (Neuroticism) and two special factors (Anxious-Tense and Worried-Vulnerable), and although all three factors are associated with poorer mental health, their associations with physical health differ: the general Neuroticism factor was associated with poorer health, the association between the Anxious-Tense factor and health was mixed, and the Worried-Vulnerable factor was associated with better health. One unanswered question is how these factors map onto the domains of the Five-Factor Model of personality, and these domains’ lower-order facets? I addressed this question by collecting data from 230 first year psychology undergraduates. These participants completed the 12-item EPQ-RS Neuroticism scale and the 30-item short form version of the Big Five Inventory-2 (BFI-2-S). The general Neuroticism factor was associated positively with higher Neuroticism and its facets of Anxiety, Depression, and Emotional volatility. This factor was also associated negatively with Extraversion and its facet Energy level, Agreeableness and its facet Trust, and with Conscientiousness. The Anxious-Tense factor was associated positively with Neuroticism and its facet Anxiety, and negatively with Extraversion and its facet Assertiveness. The Worried-Vulnerable factor was associated positively only with Neuroticism and its facet Anxiety. Future epidemiological studies should be cautious when interpreting the effects of Neuroticism when it is measured using the EPQ-RS and should seek to replicate the present findings in larger, representative samples, and with comprehensive measures of the Five-Factor Model, such as the NEO Inventories.

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This paper is the result of a request from Library of Congress leadership to assess pre-coordinated versus post-coordinated subject cataloging. It argues that the disadvantages of pre-coordinated subject strings are perennial and continue to hinder progress, while the advantages of post-coordinated subject cataloging have expanded, resulting in new opportunities to serve the needs of catalogers and end users alike. The consequences of retaining pre-coordinated headings will have long-term impacts that heavily out-weigh the short-term challenges of transitioning to new cataloging practices. By implementing post-coordinated, faceted vocabularies, the Library of Congress will be investing in the future of libraries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dispositional mindfulness has been related to a decreased propensity to aggressive behaviors toward others, including dating partners. Nevertheless, research in the context of romantic relationships is scarce, based on cross-sectional designs and offline (face to face) aggression. Thus, this 6-month longitudinal study seeks to fill a gap in the literature by examining the predictive role of dispositional mindfulness facets (observing, describing, acting with awareness, non-judging, and non-reacting) in the perpetration of cyber dating abuse (CDA) behaviors in adolescents. The moderator role of the dispositional mindfulness facets in the perpetuation over time of cyber aggression toward the partner was also explored. Participants were 501 high school students (54.1% girls; mean age: 14.17 years, SD = 1.39) from different regions of Spain who completed self-report measures about CDA and dispositional mindfulness at two time points with a 6-month interval between them. Path analysis showed that the acting with awareness mindfulness facet predicted a decrease in the perpetration of CDA 6 months later. Moreover, non-reacting showed a moderator role in the perpetuation over time of CDA. In particular, adolescents with higher scores on non-reacting, evidenced a lower perpetuation of CDA. Mindfulness-based interventions can be a valuable tool in preventing cyber aggression that occurs in adolescent dating relationships. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Faceted Search Systems (FSSs) have gained prominence as one of the dominant search approaches in vertical search systems. They provide facets to educate users about the information space and allow them to refine their search query and navigate back and forth between resources on a single results page. Despite the importance of this problem, it is rare to find studies dedicated solely to the investigation of facet ranking methods, nor to how this step, aside from other aspects of faceted search, affects the user's search experience. The objective of this survey paper is to review the state of the art in research related to faceted search systems, with a focus on existing facet ranking approaches and the key challenges posed by this problem. In addition to that, this survey also investigates state-of-the-art FSS evaluation frameworks and the most commonly used techniques and metrics to evaluate facet ranking approaches. It also lays out criteria for dataset appropriateness and its needed structure to be used in evaluating facet ranking methods aside from other FSS aspects. This paper concludes by highlighting gaps in the current research and future research directions related to this area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ObjectiveMõttus argues that effects should not be attributed to traits if they are driven by particular facets or items. We apply this reasoning to investigate the relationship between facets and items of Extraversion and well-being.MethodWe analyzed five cross-sectional datasets (total N = 1,879), with facet- and item-level correlations and SEM.ResultsWe found that the correlation between the energy level facet and well-being was solely responsible for the association between Extraversion and well-being. Neither sociability nor assertiveness were uniquely related to well-being when energy level was included as a predictor. Thus, the correlations between well-being and sociability and between well-being and assertiveness can be almost fully explained by these constructs' relationships with energy level.ConclusionsWe conclude that the link between Extraversion and well-being should be attributed to the energy level facet rather than generalized to the trait level.

In this study, 3836 adults completed a personality test (the HPTI) and a multidimensional intelligence test (GIA). Two prominent theories that link personality traits to intelligence (compensation and investment) were tested. There were more sex differences in the personality traits than in the IQ scores. Correlational and regression analyses results provided little evidence for either theory but pointed to the role of tolerance of ambiguity as a consistently significant, positive correlate of IQ at both the facet and domain levels. The role of this neglected trait is discussed. Limitations of various aspects of this study and its implications are considered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With radar sounders, coherent backscattering simulations from global planetary digital elevation models (DEMs) typically display a deficit in diffuse clutter, which is mainly due to the implicit assumption that roughness at scales below the resolution of the DEM is absent. Indeed, while polynomial approximations of the phase evolution across the facet allow for fast and mathematically rigorous simulators, the coarse resolution of these planetary DEMs leads to a potentially significant portion of the backscattering response being neglected. In this paper, we derive the analytical phase response of a rough rectangular facet characterized by Gaussian roughness and a Gaussian isotropic correlation function under the linear phase approximation. Formulae for the coherent and incoherent power scattered by such an object are obtained for arbitrary bistatic scattering angles. Validation is done both in isolation and after inclusion in different Stratton‐Chu simulators. In order to illustrate the different uses of such a formulation, we reproduce two lunar radargrams acquired by the Lunar Radar Sounder instrument with a Stratton‐Chu simulator incorporating the proposed rough facet phase integral, and we show that the original radargrams are significantly better‐reproduced than with state‐of‐the‐art methods, at a similar computational cost. We also show how the rough facet integral formulation can be used in isolation to better characterize subglacial water bodies on Earth. Key Points: Planetary digital elevation models are often of coarse resolution and depict a surface that is smooth at scales below that resolutionPolynomial phase approximations can be used to simulate radar scattering rigorously but they overestimate the coherence of reflected signalsWe analytically derive the linear phase approximation formula on a rough rectangular facet, leading to much better clutter simulations [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Understanding the surface chemistry of nanostructured TiO2 has long been a priority to improve photochemical device efficiency. Faceted nanoparticles, characterized by known facets not at thermodynamically ideal ratios, are particularly challenging to model due to the large number of chemical and computational parameters that must be chosen for which there is no experimental guidance. This research supplies a modeling framework for faceted TiO2 nanoparticles that provides rationale for such decisions. By performing full density‐functional theory optimization and characterization on a series of inter‐related anatase TiO2 nanoparticles displaying {101}, (001), and {010} facets with sizes up to 202 TiO2 units, parameter space is mapped with regard to particle size, shape, defects, and optimization protocol. Specifically, it is shown that pre‐optimization is necessary in order to achieve a sufficiently delocalized electronic structure, and the increased reorganization afforded by removing higher coordinated Ti atoms compensates the high formation energy of creating these defects. Furthermore, by characterizing differently shaped nanoparticles with the same number of TiO2 units, this research provides direct observation of shape effects on nanoparticles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the growing access to new types of reference tools, today's L2 writers have a plethora of choices when completing an academic writing assignment. Such resources are absent in most high-stakes academic writing exams, making the two situations dissimilar. Aimed to compare the performances of ESL writers in Exam and Non-exam (real-life) academic writing situations, the present study recruited seven ESL university students who had previously taken an IELTS test. The students completed two analogous writing tasks: an exam-setting and a Non-exam writing test which aimed to simulate the real-life setting. Coh-Metrix analysis of the linguistic features of syntactic complexity, lexical sophistication, and text cohesion of the writings suggested that the students improved the textual quality of their writings in real-life academic writing situation. In addition, FACETS analysis of the quality of the writings, as assessed by the human raters, showed that the students did not benefit equally from the merits of the real-life settings compared to the Exam settings. The findings suggest that the students spent different amounts of time and used different types of queries to consult with external resources. Students' background training and writing strategies can highly affect their performance in real-life academic writing compared to the writing exams, warning against the validity of such tests. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The holographic entropy cone (HEC) is a polyhedral cone first introduced in the study of a class of quantum entropy inequalities. It admits a graph-theoretic description in terms of minimum cuts in weighted graphs, a characterization which naturally generalizes the cut function for complete graphs. Unfortunately, no complete facet or extreme-ray representation of the HEC is known. In this work, starting from a purely graph-theoretic perspective, we develop a theoretical and computational foundation for the HEC. The paper is self-contained, giving new proofs of known results and proving several new results as well. These are also used to develop two systematic approaches for finding the facets and extreme rays of the HEC, which we illustrate by recomputing the HEC on 5 terminals and improving its graph description. We also report on some partial results for 6 terminals. Some interesting open problems are stated throughout. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

High-cycle fatigue tests of commercially pure titanium of VT1-0 grade in the initial state (without the use of a magnetic field) and in a magnetic field of various magnitudes (in situ) are carried out. It is established that the use of a constant magnetic field with an induction of 0.3, 0.4, and 0.5 T leads to an increase in the number of cycles until the destruction of titanium samples by 64, 123 and 163%, respectively. Fractographic analysis of the fracture surface of titanium under high-cycle loading conditions allows us to conclude that the destruction of the material proceeds by a mixed mechanism; both quasi-cleavage facets and ductile fracture pits are present on the fracture surface. The fracture structure, regardless of the fatigue conditions, has three characteristic zones: the zone of crack initiation, the zone of stable crack growth, and the breakaway zone. In the zone of stable crack growth, obvious fatigue grooves between ridge formations are observed, the distance between which varies depending on the magnitude of the magnetic field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, milled nanodiamonds synthesized from HPHT diamond (MND) were successfully hydrogenated and stabilized in colloidal suspension in water over months. The optimal hydrogenation conditions correspond to a minimization of carbon/oxygen bonds and sp2/amorphous carbon at MND surface as shown by FTIR and XPS. Clean crystalline particles were observed by HR-TEM. The colloidal stability is discussed in terms of sp2 carbon and role of facets. The signature of a surface conductivity was identified by FTIR. A particular arrangement in colloidal suspension of H-MND was observed by Cryo-EM for H-MND with the formation of chain like structures extending over micron range. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We investigated the relationship between the scores assigned by an Automated Essay Scoring (AES) system, the Intelligent Essay Assessor (IEA), and grades allocated by trained, professional human raters to English essay writing by instigating two procedures novel to written-language assessment: the logistic transformation of AES raw scores into hierarchically ordered grades, and the co-calibration of all essay scoring data in a single Rasch measurement framework. A total of 3453 essays were written by 589 US students (in Grades 4, 6, 8, 10, and 12), in response to 18 National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP) writing prompts at three grade levels (4, 8, & 12). We randomly assigned one of two versions of the assessment, A or B, to each student. Each version comprised a narrative (N), an informative (I), and a persuasive (P) prompt. Nineteen experienced assessors graded the essays holistically using NAEP scoring guidelines, using a rotating plan in which each essay was rated by four raters. Each essay was additionally scored using the IEA. We estimated the effects of rater, prompt, student, and rubric by using a Many-Facet Rasch Measurement (MFRM) model. Last, within a single Rasch measurement scale, we co-calibrated the students' grades from human raters and their grades from the IEA to compare them. The AES machine maintained equivalence with human scored ratings and were more consistent than those from human raters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, the dwell sensitivity of the TC11 alloy was evaluated as a function of α p contents obtained by two different heat treatment routes and peak applied stresses. The equiaxed microstructure had higher α p content and sharper macrozones, with consequently exhibiting higher dwell sensitivity than the bimodal microstructure. In order to elucidate the dwell fatigue cracking mechanism, the electron back-scattering diffraction and quantitative tilt fractography techniques were employed to determine the crystallographic and spatial orientations of the facets on the fractures. The results indicated that the initiation facets nearly cracked along the basal plane, whereas the propagation facets deviated from the basal plane with an average angle of ∼13° for both microstructures. Based on the measurements of the facet orientation, a method was proposed that the macrozone filtered with a threshold of 35° could be used as a reliable microstructure characteristic for assessing the dwell sensitivity and predicting the crack initiation sites in TC11 alloy. Specifically, a basal plane of soft-oriented grain in this hard macrozone, which had the largest c-axis inclination and basal Schmid factor compared to its surrounding grains, was more prone to the crack initiation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Given a matrix with real-valued entries, the maximum 2D subarray problem consists in finding a rectangular submatrix with consecutive rows and columns maximizing the sum of its entries. In this work we start a polyhedral study of an integer programming formulation for this problem. We thus define the 2D subarray polytope , explore conditions ensuring the validity of linear inequalities, and provide several families of facet-inducing inequalities. We also report computational experiments assessing the reduction of the dual bound for the linear relaxation achieved by these families of inequalities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Choquet integral w.r.t. a capacity is a versatile tool commonly used in decision making. Its practical identification requires, however, to solve an optimization problem with exponentially many variables and constraints. The introduction of k -additive capacities, through the use of the Möbius transform, permits to reduce the number of variables to a polynomial size, but leaves the number of constraints exponential. When k = 2 , the use of vertices of the set of 2-additive capacities permits to solve the problem as the number of vertices is polynomial. When k > 2 , this solution is no more applicable as the set of vertices of k -additive capacities is not known. We propose in this paper to use instead the set of vertices which are 0-1 valued. We show that the number of such vertices is polynomial, and we observe that the loss of generality is very small for n = 4 , k = 3 , and conjecture that this still holds for larger values of n. Also, we study the geometric properties of the convex hull of 0-1 valued k -additive capacities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]