1. Buhara Hanefî Usûlcülerinin Mâtürîdî Mezhebine Muhalefeti: Pezdevî-Serahsî Örneği.
- Author
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KARAKUŞ, Bahaddin
- Abstract
In the period before the VIIIth century AH, when the Hanafī madhhab's method of writing on both theology and the methodology of fiqh stabilized, in Bukhara and Samarkand, different sectarian schools of thought are witnessed. In particular, Bukhara Hanafism, which had a say in jurisprudence and the methodology of jurisprudence, developed an oppositional attitude to al-Māturīdi's views in theology as well as in the methodology of jurisprudence. Some obvious examples of this tendency, which we see in Bukhara's mashayikh in general, belong to Fakhr al-Islâm al-Pazdawī and Shams al-eimme al-Sarahsī, two important jurists who shaped the method of fiqh. In their discussions on the usul al-fiqh, they expressed opposing views to Imām al-Māturīdī (d. 333/944) on some basic principles such as husun-kubuh and takwīn. Thus, in this period when the theological system of Māturīdism was not yet fully institutionalised, they sometimes shifted to a point of reconciliation with the Ash'arites. Although it is not possible to say that they adopted Ash'arism in its entirety, it is undeniable that they distanced themselves from Māturīdīism. It is known that after a short period of time, the Māturīdī jurists criticized the jurists within the sect who leaned towards the Ahl al-Hadīth/Ash'ārī line. When the available data are evaluated, it is possible to say that the two aforementioned usūlists had a theology-usūl thought that was suitable to be the subject of these criticisms. Although there is a possibility that this claim can be confirmed with more detailed research, it is thought that this view can be proved in the current evaluation. This is because the issues that the Bukharan jurists opposed to Māturīdism are the issues at the center of kalām. In terms of our subject, the question of why Bukharan jurists were sometimes indifferent and sometimes opposed to Māturīdīism is of vital importance. The above evaluation of the historical process points to one aspect of the issue. However, in our opinion, the most important part of the answer to our question lies in the scholarly mentality of the Bukharans. The Māturīdī-Samarqand tradition clearly portrayed the usul al-fiqh as a branch of theology and developed its views accordingly. Quite early on, perhaps as early as the beginning of the fourth century AH, Imām al-Māturīdī (d. 333/944) adopted a method of writing uṣūl not only as an individual endeavor but also on behalf of the Samarqand mashāyīl that took into account the data of kalām as well as fiqh. This method of writing usul al-usūl centered on kalām has been attempted to be revived since the end of the Vth century AH. Although the Bukharan jurists were probably familiar with al-Māturīdī's works and views in their century, they did not refer to him by name in their usul works and followed a very different profession in terms of the method of writing usul. These scholars, who tried to explain their usul al-usūl opinions in relation to furu fiqh rather than their theological background, found it more appropriate to mention theological issues only in case of necessity and to the extent of need. This becomes more understandable when we take into account the reports about the distant attitude of the Bukhara mashayyah towards theology during this period. Thus, the Bukharans, who apparently did not fully embrace the Māturīdī system of kalām, were able to display oppositional and sometimes reactive approaches to Māturīdīism on some matters of usul. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
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