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Copyright of Medicina (Buenos Aires) is the property of Medicina (Buenos Aires) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Foco (Interdisciplinary Studies Journal) is the property of Revista Foco and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Gaceta Médica de Caracas is the property of Academia Nacional de Medicina and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

By the time that we are living with this new COVID-19 pandemic, in the sense that many medicines or drugs have been in short supply for most of the medical care services for the general population, it is prudent and necessary to ask, yes, is the expiration date of the drugs real? For this reason, we of reviewed what has been described in the literature on their expiration. We address some concepts regarding this topic. An analysis is made related to the factors that influence the decision to use them even though even though their expiration date is considered expired for their use. Doubts that have existed on this issue have taken up the economic environment of the producer and distributor by the economic climate of the producer, distributor, and the patient himself. Some final reflections are provided in this regard, trying to guide what to do with the medications and their expiration dates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Foundation: the association between mental disorders and diabetes mellitus has had growing interest in medical research and clinical practice. Understanding of the relationship between these two conditions has expanded in recent years and a bidirectional relationship between them has been recognized. Objective: analyze and synthesize the opinions and perspectives of experts in relation to the association between mental illnesses and diabetes mellitus. Method: a descriptive study was carried out by applying the expert Delphi method. A total of 12 experts on this topic, specialists in psychiatry, endocrinology or clinical psychology, whose competence was evaluated, were consulted. For the purposes of the study, two questionnaires were developed. A qualitative assessment of the responses was carried out and the cut-off points and their respective indicator scales were calculated; inverse standard normal values were used. A 4-point Likert scale was used and inverse standard values were assigned to the cumulative probabilities. The Cut Points were estimated as the average of the values of the inverse standard function for each scale. The Limit N value was determined to delimit the ranges of each category. Cronbach's alpha correlation coefficient was used to examine the relationship between responses in different topic areas. A detailed report was prepared describing the method and results. Results: a characterization of the main mental illnesses associated with diabetes mellitus was obtained, a synthesis of the risk factors for diabetes mellitus in patients with mental illnesses and practical recommendations for the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of these comorbid disorders. Conclusions: the approach to this topic through the compilation of expert criteria allowed us to obtain a complete and enriching understanding of the underlying factors and clinical implications of this bidirectional association, which contributes to developing more effective strategies for early identification. the integrated management and appropriate care of patients with mental illnesses and diabetes mellitus.

Background: Although the Spanish Ministry of Health prepares national therapeutic positioning reports (TPRs) and drug reimbursement policies, each of the country's 17 autonomous communities (ACs) is responsible for health care services and prescription requirements in its territory. The aim of the EQUIDAD study was to describe and explore potential differences in prescription requirements for new dermatology drugs across the autonomous communities. Material and methods: Cross-sectional study conducted in April and May, 2023. Two dermatologists with management responsibilities from each autonomous community reported on territorial and more local prescription requirements for drugs covered by national TPRs issued between 2016 and 2022. Results: Thirty-three researchers from 17 autonomous communities participated. The data submitted revealed between-community inequities in access to new drugs. Overall, 64.7% of the regions imposed additional prescription requirements to those mentioned in the TPRs for psoriasis. This percentage was lower for atopic dermatitis (35.3%) and melanoma (11.8%). The most common requirement for accessing a new drug was a previous prescription for another drug. Differences and additional requirements were also detected at the local level (i.e., differences between hospitals within the same autonomous community). Conclusions: Spain's autonomous communities have multiple regional and local prescription requirements that are not aligned with national TPR recommendations. These differences result in inequitable access to new drugs for both patients and practitioners across Spain. Resumen: Antecedentes: En España, aunque el Ministerio de Sanidad elabora el informe de posicionamiento terapéutico (IPT) y las condiciones de reembolso de los fármacos, las Comunidades Autónomas (CC. AA.) gestionan los servicios de salud y deciden sobre las condiciones de prescripción en su ámbito territorial. El objetivo del estudio EQUIDAD fue describir los condicionantes para la prescripción de los nuevos fármacos en Dermatología en las CC. AA. y sus posibles diferencias. Material y métodos: Estudio transversal realizado en abril-mayo del 2023. Dos dermatólogos con responsabilidades directivas de cada Comunidad Autónoma (C. A.) informaron sobre los condicionantes autonómicos y locales en la prescripción de los fármacos cuyo IPT para el tratamiento de enfermedades dermatológicas fue publicado en los años 2016-2022. Los datos fueron recogidos mediante un cuestionario online. Resultados: Un total de 33 investigadores de 17 CC. AA. participaron en el estudio. Se observaron inequidades entre CC. AA. para el acceso a los nuevos fármacos. Existieron condicionantes autonómicos adicionales al IPT en psoriasis en el 64,7% de las CC. AA., siendo este porcentaje menor en dermatitis atópica (35,3%) o melanoma (11,8%). El más frecuente fue el requisito de un orden de prescripción previo para el uso del fármaco. En algunas CC. AA. se detectaron además variaciones y condicionantes locales (diferencias entre centros de una misma C. A.). Conclusiones: Existe una multiplicidad de criterios tanto a nivel autonómico como local que añade restricciones adicionales a las establecidas por los IPT y que plantean una situación de inequidad entre los pacientes y los profesionales de las diferentes CC. AA. en el acceso a los nuevos fármacos.

El libro Fármaco de Almudena Sánchez narra la experiencia autobiográfica de “depresión” y su recuperación a través del consumo de psicofármacos. Tomamos el texto literario como una narrativa sobre el modo en que se expresan estos padecimientos en la época actual. En tal sentido, consideramos la ficción literaria una fuente de hipótesis acerca de la salud/ enfermedad, su curación y la medicina contemporánea. Los psicofármacos y la psiquiatría aparecen en su narración como el medio para habitar y transitar esa tristeza, hacia una posibilidad de pensar algo más allá de la propia muerte. Con una belleza literaria frenética y desopilante que le imprime un ritmo adictivo al texto, logra describir la profunda tristeza que la atraviesa por más de dos años, lejos de los discursos moralizantes y de la autoayuda. El texto resulta de interés para analizar la narrativa de experiencias contemporáneas sobre este padecimiento, su atención y cuidado, mientras el sufrimiento psíquico y el consumo de psicofármacos adquiere cada vez mayor importancia como problema global de salud pública.

The treatment of obesity is complex, and in some cases lifestyle changes are not enough to improve comorbidities in some pediatric patients, so we can rely on the use of drugs to improve them and avoid progression of these alterations. Currently, only 3 drugs are approved for the treatment of obesity in the pediatric population: metformin, orlistat and liraglutide. It is suggested that pharmacological treatment be reserved for patients with associated comorbidities who have not responded to a structured weight reduction program. With respect to surgical treatment, this has been reserved for those patients who have failed pharmacological treatment and present serious obesity-related complications. Finally, it is important that the patient and parents or guardians understand the limitations, adverse effects of drugs and the risks of surgical management, insisting that the mainstay of obesity management is lifestyle change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Exact Sciences is the property of Master Editora and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Parasitic diseases caused by drug-resistant lice are causing a decline in the productivity of sheep herds in Northeast Brazil. The aim was to evaluate the "in vitro" efficacy of Amitraz 12.5%, Cypermethrin 15% and Ivermectin 0.5% on the louse Bovicola ovis (Schrank, 1781). B. ovis (Schrank, 1781) from sheep in Mossoró/RN were used in this evaluation. The tested drugs were diluted following the manufacturer's recommendations. Negative controls consisted of lice immersed in water and lice not subjected to any treatments, including water. Five repetitions were performed per group (treatment), totaling 625 lice randomly distributed in 25 plates. Analyzes were carried out at the Laboratory of Animal Parasitology (LPA) of the Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido (UFERSA). Mortality was evaluated after 1, 3, 6, 24 and 48 hours after the beginning of the experiment. Data were expressed as mean values ± standard deviation (SPSS version 23.0) and statistical differences between experimental groups were obtained by Kruskal-Wallis and Friedman, with a significance level of 5%. Ivermectin showed better efficacy when compared to other treatments from 1 hour of observation and at times 3 and 6 hours. However, at 24 and 48 hours, Cypermethrin was equivalent to Ivermectin in efficacy. The other treatments obtained results equivalent to those obtained with the use of ivermectin in 1 and 3 hours of evaluation. The similarity of results between Amitraz and negative controls up to 6 hours stands out. Through the present study it was observed that Ivermectin can be an alternative for the control of B. ovis lice (SCHRANK 1781) in sheep. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Neutrosophic Computing & Machine Learning is the property of Multimedia Larga and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

As doenças parasitárias causadas por piolhos resistentes aos fármacos são causadoras de declínio na produtividade dos rebanhos ovinos no Nordeste do Brasil. Objetivou-se avaliar a eficácia “in vitro” de Amitraz 12,5%, Cipermetrina 15% e Ivermectina 0,5 %, sobre o piolho Bovicola ovis (Schrank, 1781). B. ovis (Schrank, 1781) oriundos de ovinos de Mossoró/RN foram empregados nessa avaliação. Os fármacos testados foram diluídos seguindo as recomendações do fabricante. Os controles negativos consistiram em piolhos imersos em água e piolhos não submetidos a quaisquer tratamentos, incluindo a água. Foram realizadas cinco repetições por grupo (tratamento), totalizando 625 piolhos distribuídos aleatoriamente em 25 placas. As análises foram realizadas no Laboratório de Parasitologia Animal (LPA) da Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido (UFERSA). A mortalidade foi avaliada após 1, 3, 6, 24 e 48 horas após o início do experimento. Os dados foram expressos em valores de média ± desvio padrão (SPSS versão 23.0) e diferenças estatísticas dos grupos experimentais foram obtidas por Kruskal-Wallis e Friedman, com nível de significância de 5%. Ivermectina apresentou melhor eficácia quando comparada aos outros tratamentos a partir de 1 hora de observação e nos tempos 3 e 6 horas. Porém, as 24 e as 48 horas, Cipermetrina se equivaleu a Ivermectina em eficácia. Os demais tratamentos obtiveram resultados equivalentes aos obtidos com uso da ivermectina em 1 e 3 horas de avaliação. Destaca-se a similaridade de resultados entre o Amitraz e controles negativos até 6 horas. Por meio do presente estudo observou-se que a Ivermectina pode ser uma alternativa para o controle de piolhos B. ovis (SCHRANK 1781) em ovinos.

Na medicina veterinária há inúmeros estudos que relatam os efeitos terapêuticos e tóxicos durante a associação de determinados fármacos, tanto no pré-anestésico quanto durante a anestesia geral. Eles podem variar de acordo com a espécie, raça, sexo, idade e condições fisiológicas do animal. O objetivo deste trabalho é discutir os principais fármacos usados na anestesia, a importância de seu conhecimento e seus possíveis efeitos colaterais.

Introduction: antibiotics in the aquatic environment are an important problem due to the emergence of bacterial resistance. The long-term ecological impact on the aquatic environment is unknown. Many sources allow antibiotics to enter the environment, including wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs), agricultural runoff, hospital effluent, and landfill leachate. Objective: a study is presented that evaluates the degradation of sulfadiazine (SD), sulfamerazine (SMR) and sulfamethazine (SMT) when exposed to stress conditions due to UV radiation, ozonation and UV + ozonation. Methodology: all analyzes were performed by UV/Vis spectrophotometry after verifying by HPLC analysis that the degradation products did not significantly interfere with the absorbance of the drugs under study. Results: it was shown that the three sulfonamides are sensitive to all the degradation methods studied, the most efficient method being the combination of UV+O3 radiation, and the least efficient being the treatment with ozone. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Enfermagem Brasil is the property of Atlantica Editora and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Dilemas Contemporáneos: Educación, Política y Valores is the property of Dilemas Contemporaneos: Educacion, Politica y Valores and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

BACKGROUND: Drug reactions are frequent, resulting a wide spectrum of manifestations in different organs and systems. One of the most frequent reactions is found at the tegumentary level, which could vary from localized to generalized. Acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis, Stevens-Johnson’s syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis are part of the adverse reactions that present a generalized dermatosis. Acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis is a rare and poorly understood adverse reaction. CLINICAL CASE: A 35-year-old female patient, with a history of self-medication, who manifested generalized dermatosis, with no affection of palms, soles and mucous membranes, characterized by multiple 1-2 mm pinpoint pustules with an erythematous base that tended to converge; the biopsy report described a rare variety of toxicoderma. CONCLUSIONS: Reports of acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis are scarce, mostly associated with drugs. Differential diagnoses can lead us to the erroneous administration of other drugs, which could worsen the reaction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

El auge de la investigación en el campo epigenético se debe a las aplicaciones en investigación y desarrollo de nuevas estrategias terapéuticas basadas en la identificación de dianas moleculares, donde las modificaciones epigenéticas juegan un papel ponderal en el desenlace de cuadros clínicos y desde ese abordaje la rectificación del problema mediante la influencia en: metilaciones/desmetilaciones, acetilaciones/desacetilaciones y arreglos de cromatina a través de histonas es importante para tratar la enfermedad desde la biogénesis. Objetivo: El propósito de esta revisión es identificar los principales epifármacos y sus bases moleculares, como los principales tratamientos epigenéticos de uso clínico. Metodología. Se realizó una revisión de la literatura utilizando operadores booleanos tanto en español como en inglés en distintas bases de datos como Scielo, Elsevier, Medline, Redalyc, Google académico, LILACS, PubMed; se siguieron las pautas internacionales de Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). Resultados. Los principales hallazgos muestran una clara relación entre los cambios epigenéticos y la salud humana, situación no aislada de los factores ambientales que predisponen a enfermedades en algunos casos heredables mitóticamente. Conclusión: Los grupos de investigación reconocen cada vez más que la epigenética está involucrada en un amplio espectro de afecciones humanas, situación que lleva a indagar en la comprensión de la enfermedad con relación a los cambios del epigenoma, información que aumenta constantemente ante la expectativa del desarrollo de nuevos fármacos para tratar con especificidad la lesión.

Copyright of Revista Foco (Interdisciplinary Studies Journal) is the property of Revista Foco and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

El accidente cerebrovascular (ACV) es dos veces más frecuente en personas con diabetes mellitus (DM) que en la población sin DM. De allí la importancia de conocer el impacto de los fármacos utilizados para el control glucémico sobre el riesgo de ACV. Con metformina, la evidencia es escasa y proviene del UK Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) y de un metaanálisis donde se observa un efecto neutro sobre el riesgo de ACV. El grupo de las sulfonilureas plantea la dificultad de ser un grupo heterogéneo; en el Estudio Action in Diabetes and Vascular Disease (ADVANCE) con gliclazida no se vio aumento del ACV, pero un metaanálisis que compara sulfonilureas con otros antidiabéticos demostró un aumento del riesgo de ACV con estas drogas. Con la pioglitazona, en el Prospective Pioglitazone Clinical Trial In Macrovascular Events (PROactive) en la población con DM2, se observó una reducción del riesgo de ACV, al igual que en el estudio Insulin Resistance Intervention after Stroke (IRIS) realizado en población sin DM2, pero con resistencia a la insulina y un evento cerebrovascular reciente donde pioglitazona tuvo un efecto protector. Nateglinida, en el estudio Nateglinide and Valsartan in Impaired Glucose Tolerance. Outcomes Research (NAVIGATOR), demostró tener efecto neutral. Los CVOTs y metaanálisis con inhibidores de DPP-4 muestran un efecto neutro sobre el riesgo de ACV. Con los SGLT-2 inhibidores, hay dos metaanálisis que señalan un efecto neutral sobre el ACV en general, sin embargo, uno de ellos muestra un efecto protector sobre ACV hemorrágico. Los GLP-1 agonistas tienen un efecto protector en los metaanálisis, pero solo dulaglutide y semaglutide han demostrado en los CVOTs beneficio en ACV. Con insulina el efecto es neutro, los datos más recientes provienen de los estudios Outcome Reduction with an Initial Glargine Intervention (ORIGIN) y del Trial Comparing Cardiovascular Safety of Insulin Degludec versus Insulin Glargine in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes at High Risk of Cardiovascular Events (DEVOTE). En conclusión, en prevención secundaria debiera priorizarse, por sus beneficios, el uso de pioglitazona, semaglutide o dulaglutide; hay alguna evidencia de un efecto negativo con el uso de sulfonilureas, mientras que los otros antidiabéticos no provocan aumento del riesgo de eventos cerebrovasculares.

Resumo A presença de fármacos residuais no ambiente é um problema crescente e de abrangência global, com ampla quantidade de pesquisas visando sua quantificação. Porém, seu comportamento e efeitos, tanto no ambiente quanto para o ser humano, ainda não são bem conhecidos. Neste trabalho foram avaliados sete fármacos: Atenolol, Carbamazepina, Clonazepan, Ibuprofeno, Paracetamol, Sinvastatina e Fluoxetina, em amostras de lodo proveniente de uma estação de tratamento de esgotos do sistema público. A extração dos compostos na matriz foi baseada na sua lixiviação em água e a quantificação analítica foi determinada por um sistema de cromatógrafo líquido de ultra performance, acoplado ao espectrômetro de massas. Os resultados indicam a possível movimentação de alguns fármacos da fase aquosa para a sólida. Observou-se que a compostagem do lodo pode favorecer a biodegradação ou mobilização dos compostos, pois houve redução significativa nas concentrações, quando comparados os valores obtidos antes e após o processo de compostagem. A não detecção de um composto não significa necessariamente que ele tenha sido degradado por microrganismos, entretanto, estudos pretéritos chegaram a resultados semelhantes, o que corrobora para a adequação da proposta metodológica e dos procedimentos adotados, contribuindo para a produção de resultados confiáveis.

El artículo sigue una perspectiva interseccional situada, e incorpora análisis desde la sociología del diagnóstico y los estudios sociales de los fármacos. El objetivo es analizar un conjunto de fuentes de investigación compuesto por i.: entrevistas semidirigidas a 15 mujeres cis que estuvieron o están internadas en un hospital neuropsiquiátrico de la provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina; ii. entrevistas semidirigidas a 17 profesionales de los equipos tratantes, y iii. análisis de 10 historias clínicas. Se analizan los diagnósticos de base que recibieron las mujeres, y su variación a lo largo de períodos prolongados de internación, así como la relación entre los diagnósticos de ingreso y los esquemas de administración de medicación psicofarmacológica. La metodología triangula el análisis de fuentes desde métodos y técnicas cualitativas y cuantitativas.

[Introducción]: Los contaminantes emergentes (CEs) son ahora tema de interés para diversas áreas de investigación científica, identificándose en su mayoría estudios internacionales, sin embargo, aún se carece de información suficiente sobre los verdaderos efectos de estos compuestos en el ambiente y en la salud de las poblaciones que estén en contacto con este tipo de contaminantes, requiriéndose a su vez la búsqueda y ejecución de tratamientos efectivos para minimizar su bioacumulación en el entorno, especialmente de aquellas sustancias de origen farmacéutico, las cuales ya están siendo reconocidas por su alto grado de toxicidad. [Objetivo]: En la presente investigación se estudió la degradación del contaminante emergente metilparabeno. [Metodología]: Para dicho estudio se contaminó el agua destilada, posteriormente se llevó a cabo el análisis de la efectividad del ozono, la radiación ultravioleta y el tratamiento combinado de radiación UV y ozonización en la degradación de la sustancia de origen farmacéutico. [Resultados]: En el estudio se encontró que el tratamiento combinado de radiación UV y ozonización fue más efectivo en la degradación del metilparabeno, en comparación con las técnicas de radiación UV y Ozono utilizadas por separado. [Conclusiones]: Los resultados obtenidos en la presente investigación generan información respecto a una nueva alternativa que permita la degradación de contaminantes farmacéuticos, como el metilparabeno, con el fin de minimizar el impacto ambiental de este tipo de sustancias.

BACKGROUND: Leukocytoclastic vasculitis is an autoimmune disease confined to small vessels. When this disease affects exclusively the skin, it is called cutaneous leukocytoclastic vasculitis. It is a rare condition, with annual incidence of 30 cases per million; its etiology is multifactorial and drug use is one of the most frequent causes. CLINICAL CASE: A 20-year-old female patient who presented with pharyngitis, managed by a physician with ampicillin and diclofenac; 24 hours after ingestion, presented disseminated dermatosis affecting trunk and extremities by numerous palpable purpuric lesions and flaccid blisters with serohematic content; study protocol was carried out discarding infectious process and systemic involvement. Skin biopsy reported subepidermal vesicles, epidermis with focal necrosis and hemorrhage below, papillary dermis with chronic and acute inflammatory infiltrate (neutrophils) with perivascular disposition with nuclear dust, compatible with leukocytoclastic vasculitis. The drugs were determined as the triggering factor and management was carried out with their discontinuation, as well as symptomatic treatment. The patient presented remission without sequelae. CONCLUSIONS: Its low incidence, the great variability of clinical manifestations and its multifactorial etiology make leukocytoclastic vasculitis a diagnostic challenge. Currently, the diagnostic criteria are not well established, so it is essential to perform a skin biopsy. The mainstays of treatment are the suspension of the triggering factor and symptomatic management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Cubana de Ciencias Informáticas is the property of Universidad de las Ciencias Informaticas (UCI) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Estudos Feministas is the property of Revista Estudos Feministas and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Neste estudo foi avaliada a remoção de sulfametoxazol, diclofenaco e 17β-estradiol em água natural por meio da oxidação com cloro. As concentrações iniciais dos microcontaminantes, bem como o tempo após a aplicação do cloro, apresentaram diferenças significativas na remoção dos compostos de interesse. As águas naturais foram submetidas ao tratamento por clarificação seguido da pós-cloração, e os resultados revelaram que a melhor eficiência de remoção, com dosagem de cloro de 2,0 mg.L-1 foi da ordem de 58%, 54% e 67% para diclofenaco, 17β-estradiol e sulfametoxazol, respectivamente. O aumento da dose de cloro (3,0 mg.L-1), para tempo de contato de 60 min, não resultou em maior remoção dos microcontaminantes (69% para diclofenaco, 49% para 17β-estradiol e 9,4% para sulfametoxazol). A formação de subprodutos foi observada para os microcontaminantes sulfametoxazol e 17β-estradiol, e não evidenciada para o diclofenaco, o qual apresentou um dos maiores valores de remoção por meio da oxidação com o cloro.

A pesar del gran número de evidencias experimentales y el desarrollo de algunos productos, a la fecha, la inmensa mayoría de las enfermedades virales carece de tratamiento terapéutico y profiláctico, y continúan siendo un grave problema de salud. Varias han sido las fuentes descritas como reservorios de compuestos con actividad antiviral contra un amplio espectro de virus. La vasta extensión oceánica ha sido clasificada, en la década de 1980, como el mayor depósito de productos naturales a evaluar por su actividad como posibles drogas. Varios estudios han demostrado que los organismos marinos producen una variedad de compuestos, derivados del metabolismo primario o secundario, que pue- den poseer actividades antivirales y aplicaciones farmacéuticas. Esta revisión se propone abordar las tendencias de la investigación sobre los efectos antivirales in vitro e in vivo de organismos marinos en los últimos años, contra diferentes clases de patógenos virales en todo el mundo. Se consultaron varias bases de datos electrónicas, incluidas PubMed, Google Scholar, Journal of Virology y Journal of General Virology, en busca de artículos publicados en inglés que evaluaran la actividad antiviral de compuestos de origen marino. Los datos presentados en esta revisión destacan las potencialidades de compuestos deriva- dos de organismos marinos como fuentes de nuevos antivirales y abren nuevas vías para más investigaciones sobre este tema. Recibido: 23-05-2022 Aceptado: 23-09-2022 Editor: Aymée Robainas Barcia

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A contaminação por micropoluentes (MPs) é um desafio para a gestão de recursos hídricos, pois mesmo em baixas concentrações tais substâncias podem causar danos a ecossistemas aquáticos e ao homem. ETEs convencionais não foram projetadas para remoção de MPs, e o aprimoramento de sistemas biológicos é atualmente discutido em todo o mundo. Estudos mostram que, em comparação com os sistemas convencionais como Lodos Ativados, a utilização combinada de biomassa fixa e suspensa pode aumentar a remoção de MPs. A tecnologia de reatores de leito móvel com biofilme (MBBR) tem sido empregada em sistemas híbridos, com vistas ao aprimoramento dessas ETEs. Estudos relatam que a contribuição dos biofilmes ocorre por meio de mecanismos distintos dos observados com a biomassa em suspensão. Esta revisão objetivou compilar informações sobre o papel das biomassas fixas e suspensas na remoção de fármacos, com foco na tecnologia MBBR. A eficiência superior de sistemas híbridos estaria relacionada à maior diversidade de condições e de processos biológicos de degradação, onde os dois tipos de biomassa atuariam de forma complementar.

Introduction: The increase in income of significant portions of the Brazilian population has contributed to the increase in consumerism of various products, favoring the generation of waste. Brazil has reached about 22 billion dollars per year for the consumption of medicines, and the great demand of the pharmaceutical industry has generated numerous consequences in the face of improper disposal. Objective: To identify the main causes and consequences of the disposal of medicines, and to verify the forms of management that already exist in Brazil. Methodology: A bibliographic and documental review was carried out, with research in the following databases: Google academic, SciELO, Capes journals, PubMed and Ncbi. In addition, searches were carried out on websites of public and private agencies in the country, and on laws and legislation related to the subject. The analyses were classified into three approaches: causes, consequences and managements already adopted in Brazil, related to the disposal of medicines. The selection criterion was the search for articles published between 2010 and 2020, not being adopted for the management alternatives. Results and discussion: Most of the population is unaware of the means of correct disposal of medicines and the negative impacts they cause, and part of the Brazilian legislation establishes norms for the correct disposal only for health establishments, industries, pharmacies and hospitals, not reaching the population as a whole. Conclusion: The study identified causes and consequences at the individual and collective level, the need for effectiveness of existing guidelines, the absence of inspection and environmental awareness programs aimed at the population, in the face of irregular disposal of drugs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Despite the large amount of experimental evidence and the development of some products, to date the vast majority of viral diseases lack therapeutic and prophylactic treatment and continue to be a serious health problem. Several sources have been described as reservoirs of compounds with antiviral activity against a wide spectrum of viruses. The vast oceanic expanse has been classified, in the 1980s, as the largest deposit of natural products to be evaluated for their activity as possible drugs. Several studies have shown that marine organisms produce a variety of compounds, derived from primary or secondary metabolism, that may have antiviral activities and pharmaceutical applications. This review aims to address the research trends on in vitro and in vivo antiviral effects of marine organisms in recent years, against different classes of viral pathogens worldwide. Various electronic databases, including PubMed, Google Scholar, Journal of Virology, and Journal of General Virology, were searched for articles published in English evaluating the antiviral activity of marine-derived compounds. The data presented in this review highlight the potentialities of compounds derived from marine organisms as sources of new antivirals and open new avenues for further research on this topic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Neutrosophic Computing & Machine Learning is the property of Multimedia Larga and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Scire Salutis is the property of CBPC - Companhia Brasileira de Producao Cientifica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Scire Salutis is the property of CBPC - Companhia Brasileira de Producao Cientifica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista ADM is the property of Asociacion Dental Mexicana and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of ESPOCH Congresses: The Ecuadorian Journal of S.T.E.A.M. is the property of Knowledge E DMCC and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Scire Salutis is the property of CBPC - Companhia Brasileira de Producao Cientifica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Antibiotics are relevant pharmaceuticals for the treatment of infectious diseases having a microbial origin in humans and animals. These substances are frequently found in the environment, inducing a negative impact. Therefore, the present review focuses on the most consumed antibiotics in Colombia, their excretion via urine and their presence in wastewater, considering reports from the World Health Organization (WHO), research articles, academic reports, and databases. Beta-lactams (mainly penicillins such as amoxicillin, ampicillin and dicloxacillin; and cephalosporins such as cephalexin, ceftriaxone and cephradine) are the most consumed antibiotics in Colombia, followed by fluoroquinolones (such as ciprofloxacin), tetracyclines (such as doxycycline), and macrolides (such as azithromycin). The most consumed antibiotics show excretion percentages (as unchanged substances) in the urine greater than 30%. Additionally, antibiotics such as ciprofloxacin, azithromycin, and sulfamethoxazole are frequently found in colombian wastewater and environmental water. It is important to mention that this work is an initial approach on the consumption, excretion and presence of antibiotics in wastewater in Colombia, with information accessible to the general community. Also, this work represents a starting point for future works on pharmaceuticals consumption, impact of antibiotics in environmental water, and research on alternatives for elimination of these substances in aqueous matrices such as urine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: In this paper, the photocatalytic degradation of acetaminophen was evaluated using silver-doped titanium dioxide nanoparticles in a cylindrical-parabolic composed photoreactor. Materials and methods: Titanium dioxide was synthesized via green synthesis using Cymbopogon citratus leaf extract and doped by silver photodeposition. Results and discussion: Morphological information shows that large agglomerates of approximately 49 nm can be attributed to the strong interaction between nanoparticles and their polycrystalline nature. The photodeposition of metallic silver reduces the surface effects, allowing a decrease in the electrostatic interaction and diameter size of the titanium dioxide, as well as the optical properties due to surface poising during the reduction of silver ions to metallic silver. The photocatalytic activity was performed to degrade acetaminophen as the drug model under visible-light radiation. The results are promising, with superior photodegradation of acetaminophen of approximately 37% and 11% for unmodified titanium dioxide and silver-doped titanium dioxide (0.75 at%) nanostructures compared to the commercial photocatalyst, respectively. Conclusions: Accordingly, the potential photocatalytic application of silver-doped titanium dioxide nanostructures is highlighted and represents a promising alternative for the photodegradation of organic compounds from wastewater eluents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Drug-induced photosensitivity is an abnormal skin reaction in individuals exposed to radiation and certain drugs. A literature review was carried out through a database search of Pubmed, Cochrane Library and Science Direct, in order to identify drugs that cause photosensitivity reactions and acknowledge the role of the pharmacist in the management and prevention of such reactions. Articles dated up to 2020 were included in English, Portuguese and Spanish. The prevalence of photosensitivity reactions depends on factors such as the geographical area and prescription and use habits. Various drug classes, namely NSAIDs (ketoprofen and piroxicam), Antifungals, Antibiotics (tetracyclines, fluoroquinolones), Antihypertensive, Statins, Antiarrhythmics (amiodarone), Retinoids e Chemotherapeutics (vemurafenib), are among the most frequently associated with the induction of photosensitivity reactions. Chronic exposure to these drugs may be associated with an increased risk of photocarcinogenesis. A wide range of drugs, including the ones not subject to medical prescription, may induce photosensitivity, meaning that additional photo-protection precautions must be applied to the patient. The role of the pharmacist plays an important part in the medical counselling, prevention and management of eventual cutaneous reactions associated to these therapeutics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Lecturas de Economia is the property of Universidad de Antioquia, Facultad de Ciencias Economicas and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

RESUMO O objetivo do estudo foi avaliar a disponibilidade de cálcio (Ca2+) a partir de duas formas farmacêuticas (oral e intravaginal) e o seu efeito sobre o metabolismo de ruminantes. O estudo foi realizado na fazenda experimental da Universidade Federal de Pelotas, foram estudadas 24 ovelhas lactantes, divididas de forma randomizada em 4 grupos: dispositivo tratamento (DT); dispositivo controle (DC); oral tratamento (OT); e oral controle (OC). Os animais tratados receberam formiato de cálcio e cloreto de magnésio, as avaliações foram realizadas após a administração dos tratamentos. Foi feita avaliação de cálcio total (CaT), magnésio (Mg), proteínas plasmáticas totais (PPT), aspartato aminotransferase (AST), gama glutamil transpeptidase (GGT), ureia, albumina e pH urinário, e realizado exame clínico em todos os animais. As concentrações séricas de CaT, CaI e Mg diferiram entre os grupos (P≤ 0,05), os animais dos grupos DT e DC, diferiram nas três avaliações, o grupo DT apresentou as maiores médias, sendo significativamente igual ao grupo OT. Não houve diferença nas concentrações séricas de PPT, AST, GGT, Albumina, Ureia e pH urinário. Conclui-se que a disponibilidade sanguínea de CaT, CaI e Mg é igual quando a administração de formiato de cálcio e magnésio é por via intravaginal ou por via oral, sem alterar outros parâmetros metabólicos avaliados.

Resumo Este artigo examina um período muito breve da juventude de Nietsche, de seu nascimento a 1862. Durante estes anos Nietzsche descobre progressivamente que o mundo encantado ao interno do qual ele nascera, protegido e seguro, não é imune ao mal e às doenças. Neste estudo examina-se todas as doenças que Nietzsche viu entrar em casa, através do pai, dos parentes e dos amigos. Antes mesmo que sua biografia registrasse patologias que ele carregará consigo até o fim (dores de cabeça, nos olhos, no estômago etc.), Nietzsche encontrará as feições do mal nas formas históricas que a sua época registrou (cólera, escarlatina, tifo) deixando marcas indeléveis no seu imaginário.

Las citocinas son moléculas de bajo peso molecular que son fundamentales en la respuesta inflamatoria e inmune y en numerosos procesos biológicos y celulares. Son el ingrediente activo de numerosos fármacos, producidos para tratar diferentes enfermedades; muchas de las cuales están relacionadas con el funcionamiento del sistema inmune. Estos medicamentos, antes de ser comercializados, deben cumplir con una serie de requisitos, entre los que se encuentra, la cuantificación de la actividad biológica. Este parámetro se mide a través de ensayos biológicos in vivo e in vitro, siendo estos últimos los más utilizados por su mayor rapidez y versatilidad. Los ensayos in vitro son realizados en locales con todo el equipamiento necesario y el personal con la suficiente experiencia para llevarlos a cabo. Existen muchos factores que pueden influir en la calidad de estos métodos analíticos, los cuales se deben mantener bajo un estricto control para la aprobación final del ensayo. Por tales razones, el objetivo de esta revisión es reunir las bases teóricas para la realización de ensayos in vitro para cuantificar la actividad biológica de citocinas, así como los factores que influyen en la calidad de estos.

Copyright of Revista de Toxicología is the property of Asociacion Espanola de Toxicologia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)