28 results on '"external growth"'
Search Results
2. Kraft Group (Part II): Cadbury Acquisition—Post-acquisition Performance
- Author
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Amir, Eli, Ghitti, Marco, Amir, Eli, and Ghitti, Marco
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- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. Iren: Growth Through Successful Acquisitions
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Bianco, Massimiliano and Gilardoni, Andrea, editor
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- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. The Functions of Risks in Firm's Growth High Tech Industries Strategies
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Mohsen Parsajam, Mohammad Reza Hamidizadeh, Bahman Hajipour, and Mohammad Esmaeil Fadaeinezhad
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growth strategy ,market penetration ,high technology ,internal growth ,external growth ,financial risk ,banking risk ,foreign exchange risk ,custom regulation risk ,Management. Industrial management ,HD28-70 - Abstract
Growth strategies help firms to increase their market share and sale revenues. This study aims to model the role of risk in growth strategies of high-tech firms. Research model has been proposed based on the extended literature, the situation of high-tech industry, and experts' views. Data is gathered by a self-administrated questionnaire and would be analyzed by structural equation modeling using SPSS 18 and LISERL 8.54. Population is managers of high-tech firms in Iran. A convenience sampling approach is employed to collect estimated sample. Data achieved from 451 respondents was analyzed. Results indicated that: 1) growth strategies of high tech firms affect their outputs, 2) resources affect growth strategies of high-tech firms, 3) multiple risks affect the utilization of resources by the high tech firms, and 4) high tech firms provide the needed resources for their growth based on the outcomes in terms of profit and/or attractiveness accorsing to risks firm precept.
- Published
- 2019
5. BİRLEŞME VE SATIN ALMALARDA FİNANSAL DURUM TESPİTİ (DUE DILIGENCE): GERÇEK VAKA İNCELEMESİ.
- Author
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ARSLAN, Halil and ŞAHİN, Eyyüp Ensari
- Abstract
Factors such as increased growth thresholds for firms in developed economies and local currencies being valid in the world have encouraged many developed country companies to grow through mergers and acquisitions indeveloping countries. While merger and acquisition transactions with capital from abroad are increasing, the most vital stage in this process is due diligence work. While there are many due diligence studies like financial, technical, legal-tax, informatics and human resources, financial due diligence is the common one for all merger and acquisitions. In this study, while the phases and calendar of financial due diligence are examined in detail, examples of financial due diligence are given over real cases and an important contribution is made to the literature in this regard. The items obtained as a result of financial due diligence studies are listed and the financial risk part of the share purchase agreement is summarized. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
6. Corporate growth strategies and financial performance of quoted manufacturing firms in Nigeria: The mediating role of global economic crises
- Author
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Samson Ige Abolarinwa, Cosmas Ikechukwu Asogwa, Charity A. Ezenwakwelu, Timinepere O. Court, and Samuel Adedoyin
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growth strategies ,performance ,global economic crises ,manufacturing firms ,internal growth ,external growth ,mediating role ,Finance ,HG1-9999 ,Economic theory. Demography ,HB1-3840 - Abstract
This study examines the mediating role of global economic crises (GECs) in the effect of growth strategies on Nigerian manufacturing firms’ performance. The study used secondary data for the period between 2000 and 2017 in its analysis. Therefore, an expost facto research design was used in the analysis of 120 firms listed on the Nigerian Stock Exchange, which were selected out of 190 listed firms using a judgmental sampling technique. The researchers follow data cluster analysis approach to analyze the data for the time around a GEC, including pre-and post-crisis periods. The analysis reveals positive and statistically significant effects of internal growth strategies on return on assets and return on equity (coefficient = 9.474 and 6.277; P
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
7. Corporate growth strategies and financial performance of quoted manufacturing firms in Nigeria: The mediating role of global economic crises.
- Author
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Abolarinwa, Samson Ige, Asogwa, Cosmas Ikechukwu, Ezenwakwelu, Charity A., Court, Timinepere O., Adedoyin, Samuel, and Eriksson, Tor
- Subjects
GLOBAL Financial Crisis, 2008-2009 ,CORPORATE growth ,FINANCIAL performance ,RETURN on assets - Abstract
This study examines the mediating role of global economic crises (GECs) in the effect of growth strategies on Nigerian manufacturing firms' performance. The study used secondary data for the period between 2000 and 2017 in its analysis. Therefore, an expost facto research design was used in the analysis of 120 firms listed on the Nigerian Stock Exchange, which were selected out of 190 listed firms using a judgmental sampling technique. The researchers follow data cluster analysis approach to analyze the data for the time around a GEC, including pre-and post-crisis periods. The analysis reveals positive and statistically significant effects of internal growth strategies on return on assets and return on equity (coefficient = 9.474 and 6.277; P < 0.01). However, the researchers found that external growth strategies negatively and significantly affect the return on assets (coefficient = −6.005; p-value<0.01) while the effect is positively significant on return on equity. Regarding GECs, the study found a statistically significant reverse effect. It was found that GECs together with external growth strategies yield a positive and significant effect on return on assets, while their mediation with internal growth strategies had a negative and significant effect on return on assets and return on equity (coefficients = −1.480; −2.041, p-value<0.05; coefficient = 2.194, p-value<0.05; 0.608, p-value <0.05). Thus, it is recommended that during GECs, firms should focus on external growth strategies, including mergers and acquisitions, while internal growth strategies, such as product and market developments, should be pursued under progressive and normal economic conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2020
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- View/download PDF
8. Analysis of the external growth factors in the selected countries of Southeast Europe
- Author
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Andrašić Jelena, Milenković Ivan, and Milenković Nada
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external growth ,factors ,southeast europe ,investment ,Business ,HF5001-6182 ,Finance ,HG1-9999 - Abstract
When deciding on the choice of the country they are planning to invest in, foreign investors should perform a detailed analysis of factors external environment in order to assess the viability of the investment. In the initial stages of transition to the market of Southeast Europe, growth strategies were mainly carried through the privatization of state-owned enterprises which represent a form of cross-border M&A activity, because privatization usually represents the entry of foreign investment into the country's market by purchasing the majority of the state capital. The aim of the paper is to analyze the factors that have contributed to attracting capital in selected countries of Southeast Europe. Countries were grouped according to institutional determinants through multivariate cluster analysis. Such an analysis should show whether the institutional determinants influence the movement of capital flows between selected countries in Southeast Europe.
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- 2017
9. MODALITĂ?I DE DEZVOLTARE A ÎNTREPRINDERILOR: CREȘTEREA INTERNĂ ȘI CREȘTEREA EXTERNĂ.
- Author
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HOLT, Alina Georgiana
- Abstract
INCREASING THE COMPLEXITY OF THE FINANCIAL ACTIVITY OF THE ENTERPRISE IN THE CONDITIONS OF THE EXPANSION OF THE COMPETITIVE ECONOMY HAS PROFOUND IMPLICATIONS IN THE PROCESS OF ADOPTING THE MANAGERIAL DECISIONS THAT OBLIGE THE ABANDONING OF THE ROUTINE AND IN THE USE OF SCIENTIFIC METHODS BASED ON THE KNOWLEDGE OF REALITY IN ORDER TO ESTABLISH THE CAUSAL LINKS BETWEEN THE ECONOMIC PHENOMENA AND THE FINANCIAL SITUATION OF THE AGENT ECONOMICALLY, IRRESPECTIVE OF OWNERSHIP. ORGANIZATIONS EVERYWHERE TODAY FACE INCREASINGLY COMPLEX, COMPLICATED AND DIFFICULT ISSUES TO ADDRESS AND SOLVE. THE HIGH AMPLITUDE CHANGES IN THE CURRENT SOCIETY, STRONG COMPETITION AND GLOBALIZATION REQUIRE MANAGERS TO MOBILIZE SUSTAINABLY ALL THE RESOURCES AVAILABLE TO ADAPT TO THIS NEW CONTEXT IN WHICH BUSINESSES RUN. HUMANITY CROSSES AN ERA IN WHICH NOT ONLY THE QUANTITY OF RESOURCES, BUT ESPECIALLY THE QUALITY OF MANAGEMENT AND THE STRATEGIES DEVELOPED AND IMPLEMENTED, BECOMES DECISIVE FOR THE ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL PROGRESS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2018
10. IT Merger Integration and IT Carve-Out — Fostering External Growth and Disinvestment with IT
- Author
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Buchta, Dirk, Eul, Marcus, and Schulte-Croonenberg, Helmut
- Published
- 2007
- Full Text
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11. New Spaces: Globalization of the Market Economy
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de Woot, Philippe and de Woot, Philippe
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- 2005
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- View/download PDF
12. ESTIMATION OF A FIRM'S OPTIMAL SCALE OF OPERATIONS AND SIZE-RELATED ANALYSES.
- Author
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KIRA, MOHAMED IHAB
- Subjects
BUSINESS finance ,BUSINESS size ,BUSINESS development - Abstract
The paper proposes a framework that can be utilized for deciding upon the optimal scale of operations for a firm. The basic premise of the paper is that a firm that operates in a stable economic environment and a stable mode of business operations experiences a varying elasticity of scale that, after some scale level, becomes less than one and continues to decline with further increases in scale. A firm operating in such a stable system can search for its optimal scale of operations. The paper's premise does not refute the possibility that a firm can experience a shift from a lower elasticity of scale to a higher one; but this shift is not part of the mechanics of a stable system. Rather, it is due to some shock to the economic environment and/or the firm's mode of operations. Firms that operate under the assumption that they face a constant elasticity of scale, when in fact the elasticity varies, expose themselves to detrimental consequences. The model is in congruence with the Tobin's q criteria and can shed some light on why average q is a poor estimate for marginal q. The model sheds some light on the small-firm effect and on a major difference between internal and external growth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2017
13. Successful strategy making in Bupa not‐for‐profit provident : A case study and interview with Mr Ray King, chief executive of Bupa
- Author
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Ghobadian, Abby and O'Regan, Nicholas
- Published
- 2011
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
14. L`ANALYSE COMPARATIVE DES FUSIONS-ACQUISITIONS AVEC LES AUTRES FORMES DE CROISSANCE DES ENTREPRISES (II- FUSIONS- ACQUISITIONS VS. ALLIANCES)
- Author
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Vancea Mariana
- Subjects
company ,external growth ,mergers ,acquisitions ,business alliances ,Business ,HF5001-6182 ,Finance ,HG1-9999 - Abstract
Development through mergers and acquisitions is a companys external growth strategy, as well as business alliances, but these options can not be mistaken, because the characteristics, stakes and risks are fundamentally different nature. In this paper we intent to analyze mergers and acquisitions compared with other ways of the companys external growth, by presenting the main similarities and differences between them.
- Published
- 2010
15. Considerations regarding tax optimization in implanted multinational enterprises through external growth for the automobile industry in Central Eastern Europe
- Author
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Nitu Antonie Renata and Feder Emoke Szidonia
- Subjects
multinational enterprises (MNEs) ,external growth ,transfer price ,tax optimization ,Business ,HF5001-6182 ,Finance ,HG1-9999 - Abstract
The business strategy of multinational enterprises (MNEs) from the automobile industry implanted in Central-Eastern European (CEE) countries (Poland, Czech Republic and Romania) is an offensive one, global from operational perspective. Mainly it aims the extension of market share through horizontal growth, generally external type single-domain (Mergers and Acquisitions) and internal type (Greenfield investments) in a lower degree. These enterprises put in practice also a defending strategy for the owned market shares through increasing the efficiency of the production network at global level. This paper aims to present the less evident aspects of tax optimization of the applied business strategy by implemented MNEs in the automobile industry in CEE, and in this context, the necessity to establish transfer prices in accordance with the OECD recommendations, as an obligation assessed by the tax legislations of the considered countries, but also from the necessity of efficient run of these enterprises.
- Published
- 2008
16. DEVELOPMENT APPROACHES AND STRATEGIC MOVEMENTS WITHIN THE MOBILE TELECOMMUNICATION FIELD
- Author
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Gheorghe MEGHISAN and Georgeta-Madalina MEGHISAN
- Subjects
external growth ,mobile telephony ,cultural issues ,subsidiary ,Business ,HF5001-6182 - Abstract
In February 2000, when Vodafone took control of the British operatorOrange, they had to split, because Vodafone owned two mobile telephonylicenses in the same country – Great Britain – fact that was interdicted by theEuropean legislation. So, on 30th of May 2000, France Telecom announcedthe purchase of the mobile telephony operator – Orange public limitedcompany (plc) – from Vodafone for the amount of 40 billion euro.Focusing on the fusion – acquisition as a way of development for the mobiletelecommunication companies, this paper begins with a theoretical analyze ofsome concepts related to the external growth. The example taken reveals theadvantages and disadvantages of the fusion – acquisition France Telecom –Orange as well as the dangers that an enterprise has to face when it decidesto appeal to the external growth.
- Published
- 2008
17. Corporate growth strategies and financial performance of quoted manufacturing firms in Nigeria: The mediating role of global economic crises
- Author
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Cosmas Ikechukwu Asogwa, Samuel Adedoyin, Charity A. Ezenwakwelu, Samson Ige Abolarinwa, and Timinepere O. Court
- Subjects
Economics and Econometrics ,050208 finance ,Financial performance ,global economic crises ,05 social sciences ,Corporate growth ,internal growth ,Financial system ,growth strategies ,Growth strategies ,HB1-3840 ,mediating role ,0502 economics and business ,external growth ,HG1-9999 ,ddc:330 ,Manufacturing firms ,manufacturing firms ,Economic theory. Demography ,Business ,050207 economics ,performance ,Finance - Abstract
This study examines the mediating role of global economic crises (GECs) in the effect of growth strategies on Nigerian manufacturing firms' performance. The study used secondary data for the period between 2000 and 2017 in its analysis. Therefore, an expost facto research design was used in the analysis of 120 firms listed on the Nigerian Stock Exchange, which were selected out of 190 listed firms using a judgmental sampling technique. The researchers follow data cluster analysis approach to analyze the data for the time around a GEC, including pre-and post-crisis periods. The analysis reveals positive and statistically significant effects of internal growth strategies on return on assets and return on equity (coefficient = 9.474 and 6.277; P < 0.01). However, the researchers found that external growth strategies negatively and significantly affect the return on assets (coefficient = −6.005; p-value
- Published
- 2020
18. The Role of Company Resources is to Determine the Appropriate Strategies of Growth: a Study on some Companies in Algeria.
- Author
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BELMAHDI, Abdelouahab and LADJALI, Adel
- Subjects
CORPORATE growth ,ALGERIAN economy, 1962- ,BUSINESS planning - Abstract
This study sought to determine the impact of resources on determine growth strategy of enterprise, resources have been identified through its three dimensions (Human resources, Tangible resources, Intangible resources). To achieve the above objectives, was developed the questionnaire and distributed to a sample consists (30) subjects and then descriptive statistical technique such as (mean, standard deviation) and analyze the data by SPSS. The study has reached the following conclusion: 1. There was a statistically significant effect for resources on determine growth strategy of enterprise; 2. The availability of tangible resources and human resources drives enterprises to adopt a strategy of internal growth; 3. The availability of human resources has a role in determining the strategy of external growth in studied enterprises; 4. The available of intangible resources and the lack of tangible resources drives enterprises to adopt a strategy of alliance and partnership. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2013
19. Successful strategy making in Bupa not-for-profit providentA case study and interview with Mr Ray King, chief executive of Bupa.
- Author
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Ghobadian, Abby and O'Regan, Nicholas
- Abstract
Purpose – The focus of extant strategy literature is on for-profit organisations and within these group public organisations. There are other forms of organisations and following the deep recession of 2008 there is greater interest in other forms of organisation. In this case study and interview the aim is to examine strategy, strategic decisions and strategic management of a not-for-profit provident. Design/methodology/approach – The paper draws on documentary evidence and a semi-structured interview with Ray King, chief executive of Bupa. The perspective of CEO is key in strategy and such perspectives are relatively rarer. Findings – Bupa invests its surplus to provide better healthcare. Free from the pressures of quarterly reporting and shareholders it can pursue long-term value creation for members rather than short-term surpluses. Research limitations/implications – The case study and interview offers a unique insight into strategy-making within a successful mutual provident that has grown organically and externally becoming an international leader in health insurance. Originality/value – This case study sheds light on strategy-making within a not-for-profit provident that has diversified and grown significantly over the past six decades. Furthermore, very few case studies offer insight into the thinking of a chief executive who has successfully managed a business in a turbulent environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2011
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
20. DYNAMICS OF EXTERNAL GROWTH IN SMEs: A PROCESS MODEL OF ACQUISITION CAPABILITIES EMERGENCE.
- Author
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Salvato, Carlo, Lassini, Ugo, and Wiklund, Johan
- Subjects
MERGERS & acquisitions ,CORPORATE growth ,SMALL business ,VENTURE capital ,ENTREPRENEURSHIP - Abstract
Acquisition growth is not a common theme in entrepreneurship research. Entrepreneurial growth has traditionally been addressed as organic growth, i.e. as internal expansion through the extension of existing operations and internally induced process and product innovations. We contend that acquisition growth may generate entrepreneurial benefits over the long run, which may not be present in organic growth or green-field establishments. In fact, acquisition can be a way to release entrepreneurial activities in a firm. Acquisitions may revitalize a firm and improve its ability to anticipate or to react adequately to changing external conditions. We contend that these positive outcomes will only accrue to acquiring organizations when acquisition growth is coupled with the development of acquisition capabilities, i.e., with the accumulation, storage, and exploitation of fresh organizational knowledge. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2007
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
21. Türkiye'de uygulanan faiz politikalarının Türkiye'nin büyüme sürecine etkileri
- Author
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Özenç, Özge, Savrul, Mesut, and İktisat Ana Bilim Dalı
- Subjects
Economics ,Reel interest ,Ekonomi ,External growth ,Neo-classical growth ,Endogeneous growth ,Economic growth - Abstract
Bu çalışmanın amacı faiz politikalarının Türkiye ekonomisinin büyüme süreci üzerinde etkisinin olup olmadığının araştırılmasıdır. Büyüme tarihsel süreç içerisinde bir ülke ekonomisinin performansının ölçülmesinde kullanılan en önemli değişkenlerden biridir. Özellikle günümüz dünyasında uygulanan faiz politikaları ve bu politikaların ülkedeki büyüme sürecine etkileri gelişmeye çalışan ülkeler için büyük önem arz etmektedir.Çalışma kapsamında faiz ve büyüme arasındaki ilişkiyi incelemek için, faiz oranı ve GSYİH değişkeni arasındaki uzun ve kısa dönemli ilişkiler incelenmiştir. Veri periyodunda finansal kriz dönemleri yer aldığı için yapısal kırılmaları göz önüne alan testlere de yer verilmiştir. Çalışmada uygulanan yapısal kırılmalı birim kök testi neticesinde, serilerin düzeyde durağan olmayıp, birinci farkı alındığında durağan hale geldikleri, gerçekleştirilen çoklu yapısal kırılmalı eşbütünleşme testi sonucunda, kırılmaların var olduğu ve serilerin düzeyde durağan olmayıp, birinci farkı alındığında durağan hale geldikleri, test yöntemi tarafından tespit edilen yapısal kırılma tarihlerine bakıldığında; 2008 küresel ekonomik krizi etkisi, son olarak 2012, 2014 ve 2017'deki ekonomik ve politik dalgalanmalarının etkilerini görmek mümkündür. Seriler arasındaki uzun dönem eşbütünleşme katsayıları FMOLS (Full Modified OLS) yöntemiyle incelenmiştir. Faiz değişkeni ve GSYIH arasında istatistik anlamlı negatif yönlü ilişkinin olduğu görülmüştür.Granger nedensellik analizi sonucunda ise faizin GSYIH değişkeni üzerinde bir granger nedeni bulunmadığı, buna karşılık GSYIH değişkeninin yani büyümenin uygulanan faiz politikaları üzerinde bir nedeninin olduğu anlaşılmıştır. Böylece tek yönlü bir nedensellik ilişkisi belirlenmiştir. The aim of this study was to investigate whether the interest rate policy of Turkey is the impact on the growth of the economy. Growth is one of the most important variables used to measure the performance of a country's economy in the historical process. Especially the interest policies applied in today's world and the effects of these policies on the growth process in the country are of great importance for the countries that are trying to develop.Within the scope of the study, long and short term relationships between interest rate and GDP variable were examined in order to examine the relationship between interest and growth. Since the financial crisis took place in the data period, tests that took structural breaks into account were also included.As a result of the structural fracture unit root test applied in the study, the series were not stationary at the level and became static when the first difference was obtained. structural breakdown dates; It is possible to see the effects of the global economic crisis in 2008 and the economic and political fluctuations in 2012, 2014 and 2017. The long-term cointegration coefficients between the series were examined by the FMOLS (Full Modified OLS) method. There was a statistically significant negative correlation between interest rate and GDP.As a result of Granger causality analysis, it is understood that there is no granger reason on the GDP variable of interest, whereas the GDP variable has a reason on the applied interest policies. Thus, a one-way causality relationship was determined. 121
- Published
- 2019
22. External growth and the cross section of stock returns
- Author
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Li, Hongtao (1982 - ), Novy-Marx, Robert, Li, Hongtao (1982 - ), and Novy-Marx, Robert
- Abstract
Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Rochester. Simon School of Business, 2016., Prior research finds that expected returns decrease in firms' total asset growth. This study shows that the asset growth effect is driven by external growth, the component of growth from external sources. While internal growth is unrelated to expected returns, external growth outperforms total asset growth as well as other growth measures in predicting the cross section of average returns. Indeed, firms with low external growth generate significantly higher returns than those with high external growth even among the largest, most liquid stocks (t > 3.0). Further, controlling for external growth improves the Sharpe ratio of the tangent portfolio spanned by commonly used factors (i.e., size, value, profitability, investment, and momentum), and helps to explain most investment related anomalies. Overall, the evidence suggests that external growth is a robust predictor of the cross section of stock returns.
- Published
- 2018
23. The study of the determinants of mergers and acquisitions for innovative companies : the case of the pharmaceutical industry
- Author
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Mel, Thierry, Centre Européen de Recherche en Economie Financière et Gestion des Entreprises (CEREFIGE), Université de Lorraine (UL), Université de Lorraine, and Sébastien Liarte
- Subjects
Croissance externe ,Mergers and acquisitions ,Economic cycle ,Fusion et acquisition ,Cycle économique ,Industrie pharmaceutique ,External growth ,Innovation ,[SHS.ECO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Economics and Finance ,Pharmaceutical industry - Abstract
This research examines the determinants of mergers and acquisitions. Over the years, the number and magnitude of corporate mergers and acquisitions has grown considerably. Today, these operations are at the heart of the economy and business strategy. As a result of its evolution, this issue represents a major interest for the academic world and for companies in their logic of external growth. Our research aims to enrich the analysis on these operations by focusing on the impact of the environment and on the actors. The aim is to identify in the French context the factors influencing the nature of the players involved in mergers and acquisitions. A logistic regression analysis allowed us to analyze these determinants. Over the period 2003-2014, we analyzed 114 mergers and acquisitions of companies in the pharmaceutical industry. The results show that the search for innovation is not a significant factor in these operations. Also, the proximity in the broad sense of the actors positively influences the operations. Finally, mergers and acquisitions transactions change differently depending on the business cycle of the transaction period; La présente recherche s’intéresse à l’étude des déterminants des opérations de fusions et acquisitions dans les secteurs à forte innovation. Au fil des années, le nombre et l’importance des fusions et acquisitions d’entreprises se sont considérablement accrus. Aujourd’hui, ces opérations sont au cœur des stratégies des entreprises. De par son évolution, cette question représente un intérêt majeur pour le monde académique et pour les entreprises dans leur logique de croissance externe. Notre recherche vise à enrichir l’analyse de ces opérations en mettant l’accent sur l’impact de l’environnement et sur les acteurs. Il s’agit d’identifier dans le contexte français, les facteurs influençant la nature des acteurs dans les opérations de fusions et acquisitions. Une analyse en régression logistique nous a permis d’analyser ces déterminants. Sur la période 2003-2014, nous avons analysé 114 opérations de fusions et acquisitions des entreprises du secteur de l’industrie pharmaceutique. Les résultats révèlent que la recherche d'innovation n'est pas un facteur significatif de ces opérations. Aussi, la proximité au sens large des acteurs influence positivement les opérations. Enfin, nous observons que les opérations de fusions et acquisitions évoluent différemment en fonction du cycle économique de la période de l’opération
- Published
- 2017
24. Endüstriyel bölgelerde dışsal ekonomiler ve işbirliği Türkiye ayakkabı endüstrisinde bir uygulama
- Author
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Türko, Esra Sena, Ersungur, Şaban Mustafa, and İktisat Ana Bilim Dalı
- Subjects
Shoe industry ,Cooperation ,Cluster economy ,Economics ,Industrial area ,Industry ,Scale economies ,Economy ,Ekonomi ,External growth ,Externality - Abstract
Bu çalışmanın amacı, Marshall tipi endüstriyel bölge modelini, dışsal ölçek ekonomileri ve işbirliği özellikleri açısından araştırmaktır. Söz konusu bağlantıları ortaya koymak ve karşılaştırmalı olarak inceleyebilmek amacıyla araştırma, İstanbul, İzmir ve Konyada ayakkabı üreten işletmelerin yoğunlaştığı, farklı özelliklere sahip beş endüstriyel bölgede gerçekleştirilen bir saha çalışması üzerine bina edilmiştir. Çalışmada, hem Türkiye ayakkabı endüstrisi irdelenmiş hem de ele alınan endüstriyel bölgelerin yapısal özellikleri ortaya konulmaya çalışılmıştır. Araştırmanın gerçekleştirildiği Gedikpaşa, Merter, Aymakop, Aykusan ve Aykent endüstriyel bölgelerinin, Marshall tipi endüstriyel bölge literatüründe belirtilen özelliklere ne ölçüde sahip oldukları tartışılmıştır. Endüstrinin genel yapısını ortaya koymak, değişken sayısını azaltmak amacıyla faktör analizi gerçekleştirilmiştir. Gerçekleştirilen açımlayıcı faktör analizi için beş faktör önerilmiştir: ürün kalitesi, büyüme, büyüklük/ölçek, performans/kârlılık ve kolektif etkinlik. Söz konusu endüstriyel bölgelerde faaliyet gösteren işletmeler içindeki homojen firma gruplarını tanımlayabilmek amacıyla kümeleme analizi gerçekleştirilmiştir. Kümeleme analizinde, faktör analizi sonucu elde edilen ilk iki faktör kullanılmış ve örneklem altı kümede gruplandırılmıştır. Kümeleme analizi sonucunda elde edilen kümelerin özelliklerini tanımlamak amacıyla Tek Yönlü Varyans Analizi gerçekleştirilmiştir. The aim of this study is to investigate Marshallian industrial district model in terms of external economies and cooperation features. In order to reveal these connections and examine through a comparative way, the study is built on an exploratory survey carried out in five industrial districts where footwear production is concentrated, in İstanbul, İzmir and Konya. Turkish footwear industry is examined and the structural features of the industrial districts are put forward in the study. The features of industrial districts, Gedikpasa, Merter, Aymakop, Aykusan and Aykent which were the subjects of the research have been argued about their extend of possessing the features referred in the Marshallian industrial district literature. Factor analysis is carried out in order to put forward the general structure of the industry and reduce the number of variables. Five factors are offered for the exploratory factor analysis: product quality, growing, growth/scale, performance/profitability and collective efficiency. In order to define homogeneous firm groups within these industrial districts, cluster analysis is carried out. The first two factors extracted by the factor analysis are used for cluster analysis and the sample is grouped into six clusters. One Way Anova Analysis is carried out to define the features of clusters extracted by the cluster analysis. 243
- Published
- 2013
25. Dışsal teknolojik şokların gelişmekte olan ülkelerin büyüme sürecine etkileri
- Author
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Bozkurt, Kurtuluş, Baydur, Cem Mehmet, and İktisat Anabilim Dalı
- Subjects
Monetary shocks ,Economics ,Panel data models ,Ekonometri ,Econometrics ,Growth ,Ekonomi ,External growth ,Generalized method of moments ,Real Conjuncture Theory ,Economic growth ,Developing countries - Abstract
Bu çalışmanın amacı, Reel Konjonktür Teorisi (RBC) ekseninde teknolojik şokların özelliklede dışsal teknolojik şokların reel ekonominin işleyişini ne şekilde etkilediğini teorik olarak tespit etmek ve Türkiye'nin de dahil olduğu 12 gelişmekte olan ülkenin (GOÜ) veya başka bir deyişle Yükselen Ekonominin büyüme trendleri ile dışsal teknolojik şoklar arasında ampirik boyutta iktisadi ve istatistiki anlamda anlamlı bir ilişki olup olmadığını araştırmaktır. Çalışma kapsamında; Dow Jones tarafından Mayıs 2010 tarihinde belirlenmiş olan 35 yükselen piyasa ekonomisinden çalışmanın incelemiş olduğu 1980-2008 dönemine ilişkin sağlıklı verilere ulaşılabilen 12 ülke örneklem grubu olarak belirlenmiştir. Bu ülkeler sırası ile Arjantin, Brezilya, Çin, Endonezya, Filipinler, Güney Afrika, Hindistan, Malezya, Meksika, Şili, Tayland ve Türkiye'dir. Bu bağlamda söz konusu ülkelere ilişkin 1980-2008 dönemini kapsayan ve Dünya Bankası (DB) ile Uluslararası Çalışma Örgütü (ILO) İstatistiki Veri Tabanlarından elde edilen verilerden oluşan bir panel veri seti oluşturulmuştur. Çalışmanın uygulama kısmında ise öncelikle temel ekonomik model kapsamında oluşturulan 8 adet ekonometrik model, 2 Aşamalı GMM-Sistem analiz yöntemi ile analiz edilmiştir. Diğer taraftan yapılan analiz sonucunda 3 numaralı Modelin otokorelasyon sorunu içerdiği tespit edilmiş ve model kapsamında kişi başına GSYİH büyüme oranı ile doğrudan yabancı sermaye yatırımları arasında bir eşbütünleşme ilişkisinin olabileceği sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Kişi başına GSYİH büyüme oranı ile doğrudan yabancı sermaye yatırımları arasında bir eşbütünleşme ilişkisinin olup olmadığının tespiti için panel eşbütünleşme analizleri yapılmıştır. Ayrıca çalışma kapsamında gerek modellerde kullanılmış olan bağımlı değişken için gerekse her bir bağımsız değişken ve teknolojik şok göstergeleri için panel birim kök testleri yapılmış ve model kapsamında dışsal teknolojik şokun göstergesi niteliğindeki verilerin geçici mi yoksa kalıcı mı etkilerinin olduğu analiz edilmeye çalışılmıştır. Çalışmada dışsal teknolojik şok göstergesi olarak emek verimliliğinin doğal logaritmasının standart hatası, GSYİH başına sabit sermaye yatırımlarının doğal logaritmasının standart hatası ve GSYİH başına doğrudan yabancı sermaye yatırımlarının standart hatası kullanılmıştır. Ayrıca uygulama kapsamında genelleştirilmiş modeli tanımlayan Model 6'ya ait hata teriminin (ui,t) aynı zamanda içsel teknolojik şokların etkilerini de yansıtacağı varsayımından hareketle; Model 7 kapsamında elde edilen hata terimleri (?i,t) ve Model 8 kapsamında elde edilen hata terimleri (ei,t) ile kıyaslaması yapılmıştır.Elde edilen analiz bulguları GOÜ'lerin önemli ölçüde dış kaynak ve teknoloji bağımlısı oldukları ve dışsal olarak tanımlanmış teknolojik şoklardan da önemli ölçüde etkilendiklerini göstermektedir. Söz konusu bulgular David (1990) ve Rogers (1995)'in de ifade ettikleri gibi teknolojik şokların etkilerinin ekonominin işleyişi açısından yavaş yavaş ortaya çıktığını vurgulamaktadır. Bu noktada uygulama bulguları teknolojik şokların ekonomi üzerinde ani ve olumlu etkisi olacağı görüşüne meydan okuyan David (1990) ve Rogers (1995)'in çalışmaları ile benzerlik göstermektedir. Dolayısıyla yeni teknolojinin kurumlar tarafından zaman içinde benimsendiği ve yeni teknolojinin etkilerinin ?S? görünümlü bir eğri biçiminde gerçekleştiği ifadesi bu çalışma içinde geçerlidir. GOÜ'lerde yeni teknolojinin etkileri başlangıçta yavaş yavaş kendini göstermekte, daha sonra bunu hızlı bir etkileme süreci takip etmekte ve bu etkileme süreci yeni teknolojinin yaygınlaşması ile yavaşlamaktadır. Ayrıca çalışma kapsamında yatırıma özgü teknolojik değişmelerin kısa dönemde konjonktür hareketlerindeki değişmenin önemli bir kısmını açıklama gücüne sahip olduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.Anahtar Kelimeler: Dışsal Teknolojik Şoklar, Reel Konjonktür Teorisi, Ekonomik Büyüme, Gelişmekte Olan Ülkeler, GMM Analizi, Panel Zaman Serisi Analizi. The purpose of the present study is to theoretically determine how technology shocks and particularly external technology shocks affect the functioning of real economy within the framework of Reel Business Cycles Theory and to come up with significant statistical and economic empirical findings concerning the growth tends of 12 emerging countries including Turkey and external technology shocks they have experienced. Within the context of the present study, 12 emerging countries for which the required data were available for 1980-2008 period out of the 35 countries determined as the emerging countries by Dow Jones were included in the sampling. The countries in the sampling are Argentine, Brazil, China, Indonesia, Philippines, South Africa, India, Malaysia, Mexico, Chile, Thailand and Turkey. In this respect, a panel data set consisting of the data obtained from World Bank and ILO Statistical Data Bases for the period 1980-2008 was established for the above-mentioned countries. In the application part of the study, first 8 econometric models constructed within the framework of basic economic model were analyzed through two-tier GMM-System analysis method. On the other hand, the analysis revealed that the model number 3 has an autocorrelation problem and from this, it was concluded that there could be a co-integration relationship between GDP per capita and foreign direct investments. In this respect, in order to determine whether there is a co-integration relationship between GDP per capita and foreign direct investments, panel co-integration analyses were carried out. Moreover, within the framework of the present study, panel unit root tests were carried out both for the dependent variable used in the models of the present study and for each independent variable and technology shock indicators and whether the data which can be considered the predictors of external technology shock are temporary or permanent were attempted to be tested. The standard deviation of natural logarithm of labor efficiency, standard deviation of natural logarithm of steady capital investment for per-capita gross domestic product and standard deviation of foreign direct investment for per-capita gross domestic product were used as predictors of external technology shock in the present study. Moreover, based on the assumption that error term (ui,t) of Model 6 describing our model developed here also reflects the affects of internal technology shocks at the same time, it was compared with the error term (?i,t) obtained within the framework of Model 7 and that obtained within the framework of Model 8. (ei,t). The findings obtained from the analyses show that the emerging countries are foreign investment and technology dependent to a great extent and they are considerably affected from the technology shocks defined as external. These findings, as stated by David (1990) and Rogers (1995), indicate that the effects of technology shocks gradually emerge in relation to the functioning of economy. In this regard, the findings of this application concur with those of David (1990) and Rogers (1995) challenging the idea that technology shocks have sudden and positive impacts on economy. Therefore, in light of the findings of the present study, it can be argued that technology is adopted by institutions over time and the effects of new technology come into being in the form of ?S? curve. In this respect, the effects of technology in the emerging countries appear slowly at the beginning, then this is followed by a fast process of influence and then this process slows down with the new technology being widespread. In addition, it was concluded that investment-specific technology changes have the power to account for high ratio of the changes seen in short-term conjectural movements.Key Words: Exogenous Technological Shocks, Real Business Cycles Theory, Economic Growth, Developing Countries, GMM Analysis, Panel Time Series Analysis. 280
- Published
- 2012
26. Estudio multidisciplinar de los procesos de concentración empresarial : diseño de una base de datos de fusiones
- Author
-
Crecente Romero, Fernando Javier and Universidad de Alcalá. Instituto Universitario de Análisis Económico y Social (IAES)
- Subjects
Integration of cultures ,Merger ,Accounting business combination ,Economics ,Crecimiento externo ,Right of the competition ,Integración de culturas ,External growth ,Economía ,Combinación contable de empresas ,OPA ,Sociology ,Fusión ,Derecho de la competencia ,Sociología - Abstract
Con el estudio multidisciplinar de las fusiones se pretende indagar en los diferentes campos de investigación que suponen los procesos de concentración empresarial, desde la perspectiva estratégica de la empresa, con sus implicaciones en la creación de valor, hasta sus consecuencias en el campo organizativo y económico financiero. Para eso se analiza la forma en la que se regulan estos procesos desde el punto de vista contable y desde la Unión Europea con las normas de derecho de la competencia. Por otro lado, además de justificar los motivos de las mismas y su evolución histórica se propone el diseño de una base de datos de empresas españolas que se hayan fusionado en el año 2001 como forma de mitigar la escasa información empresarial no desagregada, que permitirá el desarrollo en próximas investigaciones de análisis sobre sus magnitudes económicas con un horizonte temporal suficiente para sabes si estos procesos han contribuido al crecimiento económico y de sus inversores y agentes implicados en la fusión., This working paper tries to deep into the different fields of research involving Mergers and Acquisitions (M&A) processes. An strategic perspective is used, taking into account the implications on the value creation, to assess the consequences in the organizational and financial areas. In order to achieve this goal, from an accountable approach, the way in which these processes are regulated within the European Union is analyzed. First, it is justified the basis of the competence rules and their historical patterns. Secondly, it is proposed a database of Spanish firms which have been merged during 2001. The objective is to complete the missing information relative to this field of research, allowing future studies to analyze if this kind of processes have raised the welfare of investors and other economic agents involved in them and to assess if they have contributed to economic growth or not.
- Published
- 2007
27. Usages de la société holding par des entreprises personnelles et familiales non cotées pratiquant la croissance externe
- Author
-
Natacha Tréhan
- Subjects
jel:G32 ,lpersonal or family company ,external growth ,holding company ,profile of the leader-owner - Abstract
This work aims to identify the reasons why a medium sized personal or family firm, implementing an external growth strategy, decide to create a holding company. It is based on an empirical study concerning 147 non-quoted French firms. Two types of holdings are distinguished "family holdings" and "buy-out holdings". This research highlights that, for these firms, the external growth mode of development should not to be neglected since the holding company makes it possible to reconcile the preferences of the coalition with the constraints of such a strategy.
- Published
- 2002
28. İçsel büyüme teorileri ve Türkiye örneği: Yatırım harcamaları-Ekonomik büyüme ilişkisi (1963-1999)
- Author
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Artan, Seyfettin, Berber, Metin, and Diğer
- Subjects
Economic development ,Economics ,Economic theories ,Growth ,Ekonomi ,External growth ,Endogeneous growth - Abstract
02. Özet Solow (1956) ve Swan (1956) ile gündeme gelen neoklasik büyüme teorisine göre, iktisat politikalarının uzun dönemli ekonomik büyüme sürecine herhangi bir etkisi yoktur. Bu nedenle, hükümetlerin ekonomik büyümeyi arttırmaya yönelik iktisat politikalarıyla ekonomiye müdahale etmeleri gereksizdir ve bu müdahaleler kaynakların optimal dağılımını bozucu etkilere sahiptir. Romer (1986) ve Lucas (1988) ile gündeme gelen içsel büyüme teorilerinde ise, neoklasiklerin aksine eğitim düzeyi, kamu politikaları ve hizmetleri, dış ticaret, vergi, gelir dağılımı, bölgesel faktörler, kültürel yapı, dinsel faktörler, doğurganlık oram, yönetim şekli, sağlık, enflasyon ve yatırım oram gibi faktörlerin, uzun dönemde ekonomik büyüme üzerinde etkileri söz konusudur ve ekonomide optimalitenin sağlanabilmesi için devletin ekonomik hayata müdahalesi kaçınılmazdır. Bu çalışmanın amacı, ekonomik büyüme teorilerindeki son gelişmeleri incelemek ve bu teorilerin Türkiye ekonomisi için uygulanabilirliğini araştırmaktır. Bu amaçla, içsel büyüme teorilerinin ortaya koymuş olduğu kavramların daha iyi anlaşılabilmesi için öncelikle dışsal büyüme teorileri hakkında kısa bir bilgi sunulmuştur. Ardından, içsel büyüme teorilerinin ortaya çıkışı ve teorik altyapısı ile bu konuda literatürde sıkça rastlanan çalışmalar ele alınmıştır. Son olarak da, 1963-1999 verileri kullanılarak özel ve kamu sektörü yatırım harcamaları ile ekonomik büyüme arasındaki kısa ve uzun dönemli ilişkiler Türkiye örneği için test edilmiştir. Çalışmada elde edilen bulgulara göre, özel ve kamu sektörü yatırım harcamaları ekonomik büyümenin arttırılmasında önemli bir role sahiptir. Ancak, özel sektör yatırım harcamalarının ekonomik büyüme üzerindeki etkisi, kamu sektörü yatırım harcamalarına kıyasla daha büyüktür. Ayrıca, özel ve kamu sektörü yatırım harcamalarından ekonomik büyümeye, ekonomik büyümeden de özel ve kamu sektörü yatırım harcamalarına doğru bir nedensellik ilişkisinin söz konusu olduğu da çalışmadan elde edilen bulgular arasındadır. VII 03. Summary According to the neo-classical growth theory, which was presented by Solow (1956) and Swan (1956), economic policies have no effect on the process of economic growth in the long run. It is, therefore, unnecessary for governments to interfere with the economy to increase to economic growth by some economic policies, and this interference has an effect which can upset the optimal distribution of resources. Unlike neo-classical growth theories, in the endogenous growth theory by Romer (1986) and Lucas (1988), economic growth can be effected in the long run by factors such as level of education, government policies and services, foreign trade, tax, income distribution, regional factors, cultural structure, religion factors, fertility rate, way of administration, health, inflation and investment rate. Consequently, it is inevitable for government to interfere with the economic life to provide the optimality. This study covers the latest developments in the economic theory of growth to find out how applicable they are. Firs of all, short explanation is provided here regarding external growth theories to enable readers to understand the concepts brought up by the economic growth theories. Next, it also includes the appearance and theoretical infrastructure of endogenous growth theory and papers which are often seen in literature. Finally, in the short and long run, relations between investment expenditure of public and private sectors and economic growth are tested for Turkish case the period of 1963 and 1969. According to the results from this study, investment expenditure for public and private sectors has an important role to increase the economic growth. However, the effects of private sector's investment expenditure on economic growth is larger than that of public's. Furthermore, this study reaches a causality relation from investment expenditure of public and from private sectors to economic growth to investment expenditure of those sectors. VIII tCYteStttttrriNKDMILO 98
- Published
- 2000
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