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The objective of this study was to assess the quality and consistency of recommendations in clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) and expert consensus on paediatric cow's milk protein allergy (CMPA) to serve as a foundation for future revisions and enhancements of clinical guidelines and consensus documents. We conducted a comprehensive literature search across several databases, including the Chinese Biomedical Literature Database (CBM), PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, UpToDate, ClinicalKey, DynaMed Plus and BMJ Best Practice. We spanned the search period from the inception of each database through October 1, 2023. We integrated subject headings (MeSH/Emtree) and keywords into the search strategy, used the search methodologies of existing literature and developed it in collaboration with a librarian. Two trained researchers independently conducted the literature screening and data extraction. We evaluated methodological quality and recommendations by using the Appraisal of Guidelines for Research & Evaluation II (AGREE II) and AGREE-Recommendations for Excellence (AGREE-REX) tools. Moreover, we compared and summarized key recommendations from high-quality CPGs. Our study included 27 CPGs and expert consensus documents on CMPA. Only four CPGs (14.8%) achieved a high-quality AGREE II rating. The four high-quality CPGs consistently provided recommendations for CMPA. The highest scoring domains for AGREE II were 'scope and purpose' (77 ± 12%) and 'clarity of presentation' (75 ± 22%). The lowest scoring domains were 'stakeholder involvement' (49 ± 21%), 'rigor of development' (34 ± 20%) and 'applicability' (12 ± 20%). Evaluation with AGREE-REX generally demonstrated low scores across its domains. Conclusion: Recommendations within high-quality CPGs for the paediatric CMPA showed fundamental consistency. Nevertheless, the methodology and recommendation content of CPGs and the expert consensus exhibited low quality, thus indicating a substantial scope for enhancement. Guideline developers should rigorously follow the AGREE II and AGREE-REX standards in creating CPGs or expert consensuses to guarantee their clinical efficacy in managing paediatric CMPA. What is Known: • The quality of clinical practice guidelines and expert consensus on paediatric cow's milk protein allergy (CMPA) remains uncertain. • There is a lack of clarity regarding the consistency of crucial recommendations for CMPA management. What is New: • Improving the methodological quality of guidelines and consensus on CMPA requires greater emphasis on stakeholder engagement, rigorous development processes, and practical applicability. • The recommendations from four high-quality guidelines align. However, addressing clinical applicability, integrating values and preferences, and ensuring actionable implementation are critical to improving the quality of all guidelines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Recent developments in esophageal cancer treatment, including studies exploring active surveillance following chemoradiotherapy, have led to a need for clear terminology and definitions regarding different multimodal treatment options. Objective: The aim of this study was to reach worldwide consensus on the definitions and semantics of multimodal esophageal cancer treatment. Methods: In total, 72 experts working in the field of multimodal esophageal cancer treatment were invited to participate in this Delphi study. The study comprised three Delphi surveys sent out by email and one online meeting. Input for the Delphi survey consisted of terminology obtained from a systematic literature search. Participants were asked to respond to open questions and to indicate whether they agreed or disagreed with different statements. Consensus was reached when there was ≥75% agreement among respondents. Results: Forty-nine of 72 invited experts (68.1%) participated in the first online Delphi survey, 45 (62.5%) in the second survey, 21 (46.7%) of 45 in the online meeting, and 39 (86.7%) of 45 in the final survey. Consensus on neoadjuvant and definitive chemoradiotherapy with or without surgery was reached for 27 of 31 items (87%). No consensus was reached on follow-up after treatment with definitive chemoradiotherapy. Conclusion(s): Consensus was reached on most statements regarding terminology and definitions of multimodal esophageal cancer treatment. Implementing uniform criteria facilitates comparison of studies and promotes international research collaborations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

177Lu-labeled prostate-specific membrane antigen radioligand therapy (177Lu-PSMA-RLT) is an innovative treatment approach that precisely delivers β radiation emitted by 177Lu to prostate cancer cells, causing radiation damage to the tumor cells’ DNA and thereby eliminating the tumor. At present, it has been recommended for the treatment of metastatic castrate-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) by many international and national authoritative guidelines and consensuses. However, there are no published clinical practice path and medication specifications for diagnosis and treatment in China. Therefore, the consensus was jointly initiated by Cancer Nuclear Medicine Committee of Chinese Anti-Cancer Association and Chinese Association of Nuclear Medicine Physicians. Physicians from these two committees combined the existing results of 177Lu-PSMA-RLT registration study, real world data domestic and international clinical experience of radionuclide treatment, and gave recommendations in terms of indications, screening adverse reactions, follow-up and radiation safety by taking different levels of evidence as reference according to clinical evidence levels and grades of recommendation from the Oxford Centre for Evidence-based Medicine. The purpose of this consensus was to provide physicians with reference for clinical application in the practice of 177Lu-PSMA-RLT for the treatment of prostate cancer based on existing evidence and lay the foundation for the development of subsequent industry-related guidelines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bone-modifying agents are a class of drugs that alleviate a series of bone-related events such as pain, pathologic fracture, spinal cord compression, and hypercalcemia caused by bone metastases, and currently include bisphosphonates and RANKL inhibitors. Due to the widespread use of bone-modifying agents, the adverse effects of them are gradually increasing and affecting patients' quality of life. The Breast Cancer Group, Chinese Medical Doctor Association, and the International Medical Society, Chinese Anti-Cancer Association have organized relevant experts to focus on the treatment of bone metastases of advanced malignant tumors based on evidence-based medicine, discuss the management of adverse reactions to bone-modifying agents and form the consensus. Based on the first Expert Consensus on Safety Management of Bone-modifying Agents in China, this consensus added the definition of osteonecrosis of the jaw related to bone-modifying agents, the occurrence of adverse reactions of bone-modifying drugs reported in the literature, and summarized the clinical experience of clinicians in the management of adverse reactions in practice in recent years, and ultimately, the expert group members discussed and proposed reasonable suggestions to guide clinicians in the safety management of bone-modifying agents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study is to evaluate and analyze the quality of guidelines and expert consensus on clinical practice regarding metabolically associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) over the past five years. Data from the websites were retrieved using computers. We evaluated guidelines and expert consensus on MAFLD that were officially published between January 1, 2018 and March 24, 2023. Two evaluators independently examined the literature and extracted data. The included literature on guidelines and expert consensus was then subjected to quality review and analysis using assessment tools from Appraisal of Guidelines for Research and Evaluation (AGREE) II and the Joanna Briggs Institute Qualitative Assessment and Review Instrument (JBI-QARI) (2016). The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) values of all items on the AGREE II scale for the two evaluators were greater than 0.75, indicating a high degree of agreement between their assessments. Scope and purpose (48.90%), participants (49.21%), rigor in the formulation process (56.97%), clarity of expression (90.08%), applicability (66.08%), and independence of file compiling (60.12%) were the AGREE II scoring items with the standardized average scores. Apart from the participants, the average scores of all the scoring items in the guidelines from other countries other than China were higher than those from China (|Z|+>+2.272, p+<+0.05). MAFLD guidelines must be revised to enhance their methodological quality. When creating guidelines, it is recommended that the formulators strictly adhere to the formulation and drafting standards of AGREE II and elevate the quality of the guidelines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Penile Augmentation Surgery is a surgery aimed at improving the shape of the penis, improving sexual quality of life, and reducing psychosexual stress. There is currently no unified standard for preoperative evaluation, surgical method, and material selection for penile augmentation surgery- In order to further standardize the indications and methods of penile augmentation surgery, reduce surgical complications, and improve patient satisfaction, the Intimate Plastic Surgery Branch of China Sexology Association initiated and organized experts in the related fields to discuss and designate this consensus based on the relevant literatures published in recent years and clinical practice of China. The consensus involves the surgical indications, preoperative evaluation, surgical methods, postoperative treatment, prevention and treatment of complications, and efficacy evaluation of penile augmentation surgery. It is expected to be a reference for medical personnel engaged in related professions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Perioperative pulmonary rehabilitation may effectively reduce the incidence of postoperative pulmonary complications and improve the quality of life of lung cancer patients and its clinical application value in lung cancer patients has been widely recognized. However, there is still no international consensus or guideline for pulmonary rehabilitation regimen, lacking standardized criteria when pulmonary rehabilitation applied in perioperative clinical practice for lung cancer. The consensus provides implementation regimen and process of pulmonary rehabilitation, aiming to promote the reasonable and standardized application of perioperative pulmonary rehabilitation training in clinical practice, sequentially enable patients to maximize benefits from the rehabilitation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Introduction: Recent advances in the treatment of locally advanced NSCLC have led to changes in the standard of care for this disease. For the selection of the best approach strategy for each patient, it is necessary the homogenization of diagnostic and therapeutic interventions, as well as the promotion of the evaluation of patients by a multidisciplinary oncology team. Objective: Development of an expert consensus document with suggestions for the approach and treatment of locally advanced NSCLC leaded by Spanish Lung Cancer Group GECP. Methods: Between March and July 2023, a panel of 28 experts was formed. Using a mixed technique (Delphi/nominal group) under the guidance of a coordinating group, consensus was reached in 4 phases: 1. Literature review and definition of discussion topics 2. First round of voting 3. Communicating the results and second round of voting 4. Definition of conclusions in nominal group meeting. Responses were consolidated using medians and interquartile ranges. The threshold for agreement was defined as 85% of the votes. Results: New and controversial situations regarding the diagnosis and management of locally advanced NSCLC were analyzed and reconciled based on evidence and clinical experience. Discussion issues included: molecular diagnosis and biomarkers, radiologic and surgical diagnosis, mediastinal staging, role of the multidisciplinary thoracic committee, neoadjuvant treatment indications, evaluation of response to neoadjuvant treatment, postoperative evaluation, and follow-up. Conclusions: Consensus clinical suggestions were generated on the most relevant scenarios such as diagnosis, staging and treatment of locally advanced lung cancer, which will serve to support decision-making in daily practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As a critical activity in occupational risk management, the occupational health and safety risk assessment (OHSRA) aims at assessing occupational hazards in the workplace and prioritizing them to ensure employees' safety and reduce occupational risk to an acceptable level. In this paper, we develop a new integrated OHSRA model for the risk evaluation and prioritization of occupational hazards based on probabilistic linguistic information and social network consensus analysis. The probabilistic linguistic term sets are applied to handle the hesitant risk evaluations of occupational hazards provided by experts. A combinative distance-based assessment technique is introduced for determining the risk priority of the identified occupational hazards. Additionally, the social network consensus analysis with minimum adjustment distance is used to help individual experts reach consensus. Finally, a healthcare case study is implemented for illustrating the developed OHSRA model and its effectiveness is validated with a sensitivity analysis and a comparative analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to establish an expert consensus and enhance the efficacy of decision-making processes by integrating Spherical Fuzzy Sets (SFSs) and Z-Numbers (SFZs). A novel group expert consensus technique, the PHI model, is developed to address the inherent limitations of both SFSs and the traditional Delphi technique, particularly in uncertain, complex scenarios. In such contexts, the accuracy of expert knowledge and the confidence in their judgments are pivotal considerations. This study provides the fundamental operational principles and aggregation operators associated with SFSs and Z-numbers, encompassing weighted geometric and arithmetic operators alongside fully developed operators tailored for SFZs numbers. Subsequently, a case study and comparative analysis are conducted to illustrate the practicality and effectiveness of the proposed operators and methodologies. Integrating the PHI model with SFZs numbers represents a significant advancement in decision-making frameworks reliant on expert input. Further, this combination serves as a comprehensive tool for decision-makers, enabling them to achieve heightened levels of consensus while concurrently assessing the reliability of expert contributions. The case study results demonstrate the PHI model's utility in resolving complex decision-making scenarios, showcasing its ability to improve consensus-building processes and enhance decision outcomes. Additionally, the comparative analysis highlights the superiority of the integrated approach over traditional methodologies, underscoring its potential to revolutionize decision-making practices in uncertain environments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: In the recent decade, there has been substantial progress in the technologies and philosophies associated with diagnosing and treating anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries in China. The therapeutic efficacy of ACL reconstruction in re-establishing the stability of the knee joint has garnered widespread acknowledgment. However, the path toward standardizing diagnostic and treatment protocols remains to be further developed and refined. Objective: In this context, the Chinese Association of Orthopaedic Surgeons (CAOS) and the Chinese Society of Sports Medicine (CSSM) collaboratively developed an expert consensus on diagnosing and treating ACL injury, aiming to enhance medical quality through refining professional standards. Methods: The consensus drafting team invited experts across the Greater China region, including the mainland, Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan, to formulate and review the consensus using a modified Delphi method as a standardization approach. As members of the CSSM Lower Limb Study Group and the CAOS Arthroscopy and Sports Medicine Study Group, invited experts concentrated on two pivotal issues: “Graft Selection” and “Clinical Outcome Evaluation” during the second part of the consensus development. Results: This focused discussion ultimately led to a strong consensus on nine specific consensus terms. Conclusion: The consensus clearly states that ACL reconstruction has no definitive “gold standard” graft choice. Autografts have advantages in healing capability but are limited in availability and have potential donor site morbidities; allografts reduce surgical trauma but incur additional costs, and there are concerns about slow healing, quality control issues, and a higher failure rate in young athletes; synthetic ligaments allow for early rehabilitation and fast return to sport, but the surgery is technically demanding and incurs additional costs. When choosing a graft, one should comprehensively consider the graft's characteristics, the doctor's technical ability, and the patient's needs. When evaluating clinical outcomes, it is essential to ensure an adequate sample size and follow-up rate, and the research should include patient subjective scoring, joint function and stability, complications, surgical failure, and the return to sport results. Medium and long-term follow-ups should not overlook the assessment of knee osteoarthritis.

动脉粥样硬化性脑血管病疾病负担沉重，严重危害我国人民健康，是亟待解决的疾病问题之一，但目前我国尚未对动脉粥样硬化性脑血管病统一术语。《中英文标准化动脉粥样硬化性脑血管病术语中国专家共识》参考国内国际临床指南、本领域国际权威共识等内容，基于动脉粥样硬化性脑血管病的诊断、治疗、分型、并发症等10个类别扩增中英文术语，将为动脉粥样硬化性脑血管病术语的制定提供标准化的建议和指导，以推动我国动脉粥样硬化性脑血管病信息形成统一共识，促进其与国际接轨。 Abstract: Atherosclerotic cerebrovascular disease is one of the problems that need to be solved urgently because of its heavy burden and serious harm to people’s health. However, the academic community in China hasn’t unified terminology for atherosclerotic cerebrovascular disease. The Chinese Expert Consensus on Standardized Bilingual Terminology for Atherosclerotic Cerebrovascular Disease draws upon domestic and international clinical guidelines, and international authoritative consensus statements in the field to expand bilingual terminology based on ten key categories such as the diagnosis, treatment, classification, and complications of atherosclerotic cerebrovascular disease. The development of this consensus will provide standardized recommendations and guidance for the formulation of atherosclerotic cerebrovascular disease terminology, thereby promoting the formation of a unified consensus on atherosclerotic cerebrovascular disease information in China and being geared to international standards.

The innovative integration of treatment and prevention is pivotal for enhancing the healthcare system and advancing Healthy China. Guided by a focus on preventive health policies, it fosters collaboration between treatment and preventive services, ensuring seamless linkage across health promotion, prevention, treatment, rehabilitation, and end-of-life care. Conceptually, this shift involves transitioning from unidirectional intervention to comprehensive health management, from provider-driven to participatory decision-making, and from transient doctor-patient relationships to sustained accountability relationships. Structurally, it emphasizes coordination between medical and public health systems, collaboration among healthcare institutions, and multi-stakeholder governance. Institutionally, it optimizes evaluation, financing, remuneration, and talent development systems while leveraging intelligent means for integration and promoting interoperability across personnel, resources, and information.

Binge-eating disorder (BED) is a type of eating disorder characterized by recurrent episodes of binge eating. Patients with BED have recurrent impulsive and out-of-controlled binge eating behavior, which can lead to gastrointestinal disorders, obesity, and the resulting metabolic and functional disorders of various systems and other physical problems; and it is also often co-morbid with affective disorder, anxiety disorders, substance use disorders, and other mental disorders, which need to be taken seriously. However, the recognition of BED in China was late, and it is difficult to achieve early identification and diagnosis, resulting in a prolonged course of disease. Therefore, under the organization of the Eating Disorders Coordination Group of the Psychosomatic Medicine Society of the Chinese Medical Association, together with the Eating Disorders Research Collaboration Group of the Psychiatric Medicine Society of the Chinese Medical Association, an expert group composed of 15 psychiatrists and evidence-based medicine experts, and 2 internal medicine experts, formulated this expert consensus based on evidence-based medical evidence, domestic and foreign guidelines and expert consensus, and expert experiences. The aim of this study is to improve the recognition, diagnosis and treatment of BED by psychiatrists, internists and general practitioners in China.

177Lu-labeled prostate-specific membrane antigen radioligand therapy (177Lu-PSMA-RLT) is an innovative treatment approach that precisely delivers β radiation emitted by 177Lu to prostate cancer cells, causing radiation damage to the tumor cells’ DNA and thereby eliminating the tumor. At present, it has been recommended for the treatment of metastatic castrate-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) by many international and national authoritative guidelines and consensuses. However, there are no published clinical practice path and medication specifications for diagnosis and treatment in China. Therefore, the consensus was jointly initiated by Cancer Nuclear Medicine Committee of Chinese Anti-Cancer Association and Chinese Association of Nuclear Medicine Physicians. Physicians from these two committees combined the existing results of 177Lu-PSMA-RLT registration study, real world data domestic and international clinical experience of radionuclide treatment, and gave recommendations in terms of indications, screening adverse reactions, follow-up and radiation safety by taking different levels of evidence as reference according to clinical evidence levels and grades of recommendation from the Oxford Centre for Evidence-based Medicine. The purpose of this consensus was to provide physicians with reference for clinical application in the practice of 177Lu-PSMA-RLT for the treatment of prostate cancer based on existing evidence and lay the foundation for the development of subsequent industry-related guidelines.

Perioperative pulmonary rehabilitation may effectively reduce the incidence of postoperative pulmonary complications and improve the quality of life of lung cancer patients and its clinical application value in lung cancer patients has been widely recognized. However, there is still no international consensus or guideline for pulmonary rehabilitation regimen, lacking standardized criteria when pulmonary rehabilitation applied in perioperative clinical practice for lung cancer. The consensus provides implementation regimen and process of pulmonary rehabilitation, aiming to promote the reasonable and standardized application of perioperative pulmonary rehabilitation training in clinical practice, sequentially enable patients to maximize benefits from the rehabilitation.

Expert evidence, expert opinion, and expert consensus are frequently mentioned and used in the process of guideline development. However, due to the lack of clear definitions and standards, there is confusion and misuse among the three in practice. This paper clarifies the meanings, current status, differences, and connections of expert evidence, expert opinion, and expert consensus in the development of guidelines, aiming to provide a reference for guideline developers in China.

Background Lumbar disc herniation is one of the most common causes of low back pain, and the number of cases has been increasing year by year in recent years. High-quality guidelines can standardize clinical diagnosis and treatment behaviors and improve medical quality, and screening and formulating high-quality guidelines are of great significance for standardizing the clinical practice of lumbar intervertebral disc herniation. Objective To systematically evaluate the methodological quality of clinical practice guidelines and expert consensus for lumbar intervertebral disc herniation, and to analyze the high-quality guidelines and consensus recommendations, in order to provide reference for the prevention and treatment of lumbar intervertebral disc herniation. Methods Clinical practice guidelines and expert consensus on lumbar intervertebral disc herniation were searched from the establishment of each database to October 31, 2023. At the same time, Dangdang.com and others were manually searched to obtain the guidelines for lumbar intervertebral disc herniation published in the form of monographs. After the consistency evaluation was passed by two researchers, the methodological quality of the included guidelines and consensus was evaluated using the AGREE Ⅱ tool, and the high-quality guidelines and consensus recommendations were analyzed. Results A total of 15 guidelines and consensus were included, and the final recommendation level of 9 guidelines was B (can be recommended after modification), and 6 guidelines and consensus were C (not recommended for the time being). Recommendations mainly include bed rest, medication, surgical treatment, etc. Conclusion The methodological quality of the clinical practice guidelines and expert consensus for lumbar intervertebral disc herniation needs to be further improved, and some treatment methods are controversial, and the recommendations of the guidelines need to be further improved and unified to optimize clinical practice.

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is prevalent in the elderly population due to the weakened neuromuscular function of the upper airway and unstable respiratory regulation in the elderly. OSA is a risk factor for a variety of common chronic diseases, and affects cognitive function and multi-system organ function in the elderly. Therefore, it is essential to provide effective therapeutic interventions for OSA in the elderly. The Sleep Medicine Branch of the Chinese Geriatrics Society, as the initiator, organized domestic experts in related fields to repeatedly discuss the operation process, requirements, specific ways and methods of noninvasive positive pressure ventilation (NPPV) treatment for elderly OSA patients with reference to domestic and international clinical studies, and finally made this expert consensus, which is aimed at standardizing the treatment of NPPV in elderly OSA patients in China to provide a reference.

Diabetic microvascular disease (DMiVD) is the most common chronic complication of diabetes mellitus, and early identification and effective intervention can significantly improve patients' quality of life and prognosis. The Diabetes and Microcirculation Professional Committee of Chinese Society of Microcirculation and the Primary Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases Group of the Chinese Society of Endocrinology have convened experts in the field to revise the Expert Consensus on Screening and Prevention of Diabetic Microvascular Diseases for Primary Care (2024), based on the 2021 edition, considering the latest research advances and the specific needs of primary care. This consensus elaborates the screening methods, comprehensive management and prevention strategies for DMiVD (diabetic retinopathy, diabetic kidney disease, distal symmetric polyneuropathy and diabetic cardiomyopathy), clarifies the graded diagnosis and treatment and referral processes, emphasizes the importance of preventing and treating DMiVD, and offers guidance and recommendations for physicians, particularly primary care physicians and general practitioners. The aim is to reduce the incidence, progression, and disability associated with DMiVD, ultimately lowering morbidity and mortality rates.

Hypertension, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and dyslipidemia are collectively referred to as the "three highs", which often coexist in the same individual. It significantly increases the risk of hospitalization, death, and relevant burdens for affected people. It is necessary to jointly control the risk and standardize the treatment of hypertension, T2DM and dyslipidemia. Primary healthcare institutions have become the main battlefield for the prevention and treatment of chronic diseases. Existing clinical evidence provides important insights into the prevention, treatment, and management of the "three highs", although norms, consensus, and guidelines for the co-management of the "three highs" in primary healthcare institutions at domestic and foreign are current not available. Four academic organizations led by Beijing Hypertension Association organized primary healthcare workers and invited experts and scholars from medical fields of cardiovascular diseases, endocrine, pharmacy, and public health services to participate in the consensus. Through widely soliciting clinical practice needs of primary healthcare workers, integrating and evaluating the evidence related to the prevention and treatment of the "three highs" in primary healthcare institutions, the consensus for primary healthcare in the prevention and treatment of the "three highs" including 21 opinions was developed after multiple rounds of discussions, revisions, and voting. The recommended opinions of this consensus aim to improve the awareness and ability of primary healthcare workers in the prevention and treatment of the "three highs", provide scientific strategic support, implement management with primary healthcare characteristics, and lay a solid foundation for comorbidity co-management.

To alleviate the medical burden of lung cancer surgery and facilitate the implementation of the national hierarchical diagnosis and treatment policy, it is imperative to establish a hierarchical diagnosis and treatment system for day surgery of lung cancer. Identifying key quality control checkpoints in day surgery of lung cancer is essential to enhance medical quality, ensure safety, and improve the efficiency of medical services. These efforts aim to uphold a safe and well-structured progression of day surgery practices in China. The Chinese Expert Consensus Group on Day Surgery Management of Lung Cancer has convened national experts in relevant fields and integrated the latest research findings from both domestic and international sources to craft the Chinese Expert Consensus on Day Surgery Management of Lung Cancer (2024 Edition). This consensus is founded on the principles of holistic management of lung cancer surgery and comprehensive patient care throughout their medical journey. It encompasses preoperative assessments, anesthesia protocols, surgical procedures, postoperative care, hospital-community collaboration initiatives, and emergency response strategies. The primary objective of this expert consensus is to furnish research assistance and clinical recommendations to advance the practice of day surgery for lung cancer patients in China.

脑出血（intracerebral hemorrhage，ICH）的急性期治疗一直是备受关注的话题。2024年来自多个国家的ICH专家在Stroke杂志上发布了急性自发性ICH的早期综合管理方案——Code ICH。该专家共识围绕ICH的急性期脑损伤机制、早期一体化诊治方案及未来研究方向提出了详细的推荐意见。本文将对该专家共识进行解读。 Abstract: The acute treatment of intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) has long been a focus of attention. In 2024, ICH experts from multiple countries have proposed the early comprehensive management plan for acute spontaneous ICH, termed Code ICH, which was published in Stroke. The expert consensus provided detailed recommendations on the brain injury mechanism of acute phase, early integrated diagnosis and treatment strategies, and future research directions for ICH. This paper will interpret and analyze the expert consensus.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), commonly known as primary liver cancer, is a major cause of malignant tumors and cancer-related deaths in China, accounting for approximately 85% of all cancer cases in the country. Several guidelines have been used to diagnose and treat liver cancer. However, these guidelines provide a broad definition for classifying advanced liver cancer, with an emphasis on a singular approach, without considering treatment options for individual patients. Therefore, it is necessary to establish a comprehensive and practical expert consensus, specifically for China, to enhance the diagnosis and treatment of HCC using the Delphi method. The classification criteria were refined for Chinese patients with HCC, and the corresponding optimal treatment regimen recommendations were developed. These recommendations took into account various factors, including tumor characteristics, vascular tumor thrombus grade, distant metastasis, liver function status, portal hypertension, and the hepatitis B virus replication status of patients with primary HCC, along with treatment prognosis. The findings and recommendations provide detailed, scientific, and reasonable individualized diagnosis and treatment strategies for clinicians.

Radiotherapy represents an essential treatment approach for esophageal cancer. Over recent years, immunotherapy combined with chemotherapy has become the first-line standard treatment for patients with advanced esophageal cancer. Several phase III studies on immunotherapy combined with radiotherapy for locally advanced esophageal cancer are currently underway. Sufficient evidence-based medical data are urgently needed to support the integration of immunotherapy and chemoradiotherapy as a new treatment strategy for patients with locally advanced esophageal cancer. This consensus, formulated based on the latest study results, in-depth research, and thorough discussions, provides a comprehensive set of recommendations. The document extensively covers treatment strategies and evaluation methods for radiotherapy combined with immunotherapy across patients with operable esophageal cancer, inoperable locally advanced esophageal cancer, and advanced esophageal cancer. Moreover, common complications and radiation-related issues associated with radiotherapy combined with immunotherapy are discussed, serving as clinical guidance. Our expert group comprised members from the Professional Committee of Radiation Oncology, China Anti-Cancer Association, the Branch of Radiation Oncology, Chinese Medical Association, and the Branch of Radiation Oncology Treatment Physician, Chinese Medical Doctor Association.

Critically ill patients are at high risk for hospital acquired infections, which can significantly increase the mortality rate and treatment costs for these patients. Therefore, in the process of treating the primary disease, strict prevention and control of new hospital infections is an essential component of the treatment for critically ill patients. The treatment of critically ill patients involves multiple steps and requires a concerted effort from various aspects such as theory, management, education, standards, and supervision to achieve effective prevention and control of hospital infections. However, there is currently a lack of unified understanding and standards for hospital infection prevention and control. To address this, in March 2024, a group of experts in critical care medicine, infectious diseases, and hospital infection from China discussed the current situation and issues of hospital infection control in the intensive care unit together. Based on a review of the latest evidence-based medical evidence from both domestic and international sources, 2024 Expert Consensus on Hospital Acquired Infection Control Principles in the Department of Critical Care Medicine was formed, aiming to provide a basis for the development of hospital infection prevention and control strategies in the field of critical care medicine.

Gastric cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors, and over 70% of patients were diagnosed as advanced stage at the first visit in our country. For patients with locally advanced gastric cancer invading adjacent organs, the diagnosis and surgical treatment are quite difficult, and prognosis is poor. To further standardize the clinical research practice of locally advanced gastric cancer invading adjacent organs, this consensus was guided by evidence-based methodology, focusing on the progress of diagnosis and treatment in locally advanced gastric cancer invading adjacent organs, and the clinical studies with high level of evidence but not approved at present, and exploring the new modes of diagnosis, efficacy evaluation and other aspects. On the basis of literature retrieval, quality evaluation and evidence summary were carried out, and specific issues and hot topics such as the methods of diagnosis, peri-operative treatment, surgical treatment and other common concerns in the clinical application were discussed and investigated through multidisciplinary expert meetings, Delphi methods and other forms. The “Chinese expert consensus on clinical practice of locally advanced gastric cancer invading adjacent organs (2024 edition)” was completed by the investigation and summarization of the opinions of 35 experts from more than 10 different regions and 30 hospitals for 4 times, relying on Professional Committee on Gastric Cancer of Shanghai Anticancer Association, Professional Committee on Gastrointestinal Cancer of China Association for Promotion of Health Science and Technology, with a view to providing evidence reference and normative basis for frontline medical personnel in future clinical practice of locally advanced gastric cancer treatment, and laying a foundation for subsequent development of relevant industry guidelines.

Unexpected red blood cell antibodies refer to antibodies except for anti-A and anti-B in normal ABO blood group, and are widely present in patients with pregnancy, transfusion, transplantation, injection of immunogenic substances, or autoimmune diseases, leading to difficulties in blood type identification and cross matching test, which seriously affect transfusion safety and efficacy. This consensus aims to further standardize the requirements, operating procedures and clinical significance of antibody screening, thus improving the safety and efficacy of blood transfusion.

Tuberculosis （TB） and human immunodeficiency virus infection / acquired immune deficiency syndrome （HIV/AIDS） are both serious global public health threats. Early detection of infected persons and/or patients through TB/HIV bi-directional screening is crucial for prevention and control strategy in China and globally. In recent years， with the promotion and application of new TB and HIV detection technologies worldwide， TB/HIV bi-directional screening technologies and strategies have made remarkable changes. This expert consensus introduces the significance and challenges of TB/HIV bi-directional screening， summarizes important progress of research and applications， and makes recommendations on screening measures and procedures to further strengthen TB/HIV bi-directional screening in China.

Abstract Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) in the elderly is characterized by atypical symptoms, relatively severe esophageal injury, and more complications, and when GERD is treated, it is also necessary to fully consider the general health condition of the elderly patients. This consensus summarized the epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, and diagnosis and treatment characteristics of GERD in the elderly, and provided relevant recommendations, providing guidance for medical personnel to correctly understand and standardize the diagnosis and treatment of GERD in the elderly.

脑小血管病（small vessel disease，SVD）是一类以脑内小血管受损为主的临床影像综合征，可能会导致卒中、血管性认知障碍、神经心理疾病与其他功能障碍等。自2013年血管性神经病变的影像报告标准（standards for reporting vascular changes on neuroimaging，STRIVE）发布以来，SVD的神经影像学特征得到了初步的分类与标准化。然而，在临床实践与科学研究中，对SVD影像特征的认识和应用仍存在诸多不一致和不规范之处。随着对SVD病理生理机制的深入探索与影像技术的不断进步，新的SVD影像特征和定量标志物被相继发现，为SVD的诊断和评估提供了更为全面且精准的信息。在此基础上，STRIVE-2应运而生，以期能更全面地揭示SVD对脑功能与结构的影响。为了规范中国SVD的神经影像学评估和诊断，本共识将在STRIVE-2的基础上，结合中国具体国情，对SVD的神经影像学特征进行深入解读，旨在推动SVD影像学诊断术语的标准化，提高临床诊断的准确性，进一步促进相关领域的研究与进步。 Abstract: Small vessel disease (SVD) is a clinical and imaging syndrome characterized by damage to small blood vessels in the brain, which can lead to stroke, vascular cognitive impairment, neuropsychological diseases, and other functional impairments. Since the publication of the standards for reporting vascular changes on neuroimaging (STRIVE) in 2013, the neuroimaging features of SVD have been preliminarily classified and standardized. However, there are still inconsistencies and lack of standardization in the understanding and application of SVD imaging features in clinical practice and scientific research. With the deepening exploration of the pathophysiological mechanisms of SVD and the continuous advancement of imaging technology, new imaging features and quantitative biomarkers of SVD have been discovered, providing more comprehensive and accurate information for the diagnosis and assessment of SVD. Based on this, the STRIVE-2 has been developed to comprehensively reveal the effects of SVD on brain function and structure. In order to standardize the neuroimaging evaluation and diagnosis of SVD in China, this consensus will provide a detailed interpretation of the neuroimaging features of SVD based on the STRIVE-2, combined with the specific national conditions of China, aiming to promote the standardization of the terms of SVD imaging diagnosis, improve the accuracy of clinical diagnosis, and further promote the research and progress in related fields.

Introduction: The care of people with schizophrenia (PWS) is usually provided in an outpatient setting by community mental health teams. However, PWS frequently require inpatient treatment because of a wide array of clinical, personal and/or social situations. Unfortunately, to our knowledge, there are no guidelines available to help psychiatrists in the decision-making process on hospital discharge for PWS. The aim of this project was to develop an expert consensus on discharge criteria for PWS after their stay in an acute inpatient psychiatric unit. Methods: Using a modified Delphi method a group of 42 psychiatrists throughout Spain evaluated four areas of interest regarding this issue: clinical symptomatology, treatment-related factors, follow-up health care units after discharge, and physical health and monitoring. Results: After two rounds, among the 64 statements, a consensus was reached for 59 (92.2%) statements. In three (17.7%) of the 17 statements on 'clinical symptomatology' and 2 (13.3%) of the 15 statements on 'follow-up health care units after discharge', a consensus was not reached; in contrast, a consensus was reached for all statements concerning 'treatment-related factors' and those concerning 'physical health and monitoring'. The consensus results highlight the importance for discharge of the control of symptoms rather than their suppression during admission and of tolerability in the selection of anantipsychotic. Discussion: Although there is a lack of relevant data for guiding the discharge of PWS after hospitalization in an acute inpatient psychiatric unit, we expect that this consensus based on expert opinion may help cl inicians to take appropriate decisions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Quality of life (QoL) assessments are integral to cancer care, yet their effectiveness in providing essential information for supporting survivors varies. This study aimed to elucidate key indicators of QoL among colorectal cancer survivors from the perspective of healthcare professionals, and to evaluate existing QoL questionnaires in relation to these indicators. Two studies were conducted: a Delphi study to identify key QoL indicators and a scoping review of questionnaires suitable for colorectal cancer survivors. Fifty-four healthcare professionals participated in the Delphi study's first round, with 25 in the second. The study identified two primary QoL domains (physical and psychological) and 17 subdomains deemed most critical. Additionally, a review of 12 questionnaires revealed two instruments assessing the most important general domains. The findings underscored a misalignment between existing assessment tools and healthcare professionals' clinical priorities in working with colorectal cancer survivors. To enhance support for survivors' QoL, efforts are needed to develop instruments that better align with the demands of routine QoL assessment in clinical practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The incidence of malignant tumors has steadily increased year by year in China in recent decades. The emergence of innovative anti-cancer drugs has bolstered the prognosis of cancer patients, making it a chronic disease. Kidney injuries are frequent complications of cancer treatment clinically manifested as acute kidney injury (AKI), chronic kidney disease (CKD), proteinuria, and electrolyte disorders, etc. Although kidney injuries affect up to 50% of the patients, there is a lack of professional management guidance for anti-cancer drug dosage adjustment. The clinical pharmacology branch of the Chinese Medical Association has initiated the "Chinese expert consensus on the guidance of anti-tumor drugs for patients with tumor combined chronic kidney disease (2024 edition)". We unified national multidisciplinary experts to analyze clinical evidence with the Delphi method, and conducted expert interviews and seminars focusing on kidney function assessment, anti-tumor drug dosage adjustment for kidney disease patients. We make recommendations on selection and dose adjustment of anti-tumor drugs (chemotherapy, small molecules and antibodies) according to chemotherapeutic drug classifications, providing practical and feasible scientific guidance for clinicians. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Japan Society of Clinical Oncology Clinical Practice Guidelines 2022 for gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) have been published in accordance with the Minds Manual for Guideline Development 2014 and 2017. A specialized team independent of the working group for the revision performed a systematic review. Since GIST is a rare type of tumor, clinical evidence is not sufficient to answer several clinical and background questions. Thus, in these guidelines, we considered that consensus among the experts who manage GIST, the balance between benefits and harms, patients' wishes, medical economic perspective, etc. are important considerations in addition to the evidence. Although guidelines for the treatment of GIST have also been published by the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) and the European Society for Medical Oncology (ESMO), there are some differences between the treatments proposed in those guidelines and the treatments in the present guidelines because of the differences in health insurance systems among countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

China has entered an aging society. The results of the seventh national population census released in 2021 show that the population aged 60 and above accounts for 18.7%, approximately 264 million people. The prevalence of osteoporosis in the population aged 65 and above in China is as high as 32%, characterized by high incidence, high treatment costs, high disability and mortality rates, seriously endangering the quality of life and life expectancy of the elderly population. At present, there is insufficient specialized construction in osteoporosis in China, which cannot meet the growing demand for osteoporosis prevention and control. There is an urgent need for standardized guidance documents to further meet the social requirements for osteoporosis prevention and control. Based on this, the China Health Promotion Foundation organized domestic experts in osteoporosis, geriatric diseases, and related fields to consult a large number of domestic and foreign literature, as well as the latest research results, reference professional guidelines, and consensus in this field. Combined with specific clinical practices in China, after multiple discussions and revisions, this expert consensus was written with the aim of improving the comprehensive management level and clinical service capacity of osteoporosis specialty construction in medical institutions in China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To review the effectiveness of different physical therapies for acute and sub-acute low back pain supported by evidence, and create clinical recommendations and expert consensus for physiotherapists on clinical prescriptions. Data sources: A systematic search was conducted in PubMed and the Cochrane Library for studies published within the previous 15 years. Review methods: Systematic review and meta-analysis, randomized controlled trials assessing patients with acute and sub-acute low back pain were included. Two reviewers independently screened relevant studies using the same inclusion criteria. The Physiotherapy Evidence Database and the Assessment of Multiple Systematic Reviews tool were used to grade the quality assessment of randomized controlled trials and systematic reviews, respectively. The final recommendation grades were based on the consensus discussion results of the Delphi of 22 international experts. Results: Twenty-one systematic reviews and 21 randomized controlled trials were included. Spinal manipulative therapy and low-level laser therapy are recommended for acute low back pain. Core stability exercise/motor control, spinal manipulative therapy, and massage can be used to treat sub-acute low back pain. Conclusions: The consensus statements provided medical staff with appliable recommendations of physical therapy for acute and sub-acute low back pain. This consensus statement will require regular updates after 5–10 years. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To alleviate the medical burden of lung cancer surgery and facilitate the implementation of the national hierarchical diagnosis and treatment policy, it is imperative to establish a hierarchical diagnosis and treatment system for day surgery of lung cancer. Identifying key quality control checkpoints in day surgery of lung cancer is essential to enhance medical quality, ensure safety, and improve the efficiency of medical services. These efforts aim to uphold a safe and well-structured progression of day surgery practices in China. The Chinese Expert Consensus Group on Day Surgery Management of Lung Cancer has convened national experts in relevant fields and integrated the latest research findings from both domestic and international sources to craft the Chinese Expert Consensus on Day Surgery Management of Lung Cancer (2024 Edition). This consensus is founded on the principles of holistic management of lung cancer surgery and comprehensive patient care throughout their medical journey. It encompasses preoperative assessments, anesthesia protocols, surgical procedures, postoperative care, hospital- community collaboration initiatives, and emergency response strategies. The primary objective of this expert consensus is to furnish research assistance and clinical recommendations to advance the practice of day surgery for lung cancer patients in China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Major trauma centre (MTC) care has been associated with improved outcomes for injured patients. English ambulance services and trauma networks currently use a range of triage tools to select patients for bypass to MTCs. A standardised national triage tool may improve triage accuracy, cost-effectiveness and the reproducibility of decision-making. Methods: We conducted an expert consensus process to derive and develop a major trauma triage tool for use in English trauma networks. A web-based Delphi survey was conducted to identify and confirm candidate triage tool predictors of major trauma. Facilitated roundtable consensus meetings were convened to confirm the proposed triage tool’s purpose, target diagnostic threshold, scope, intended population and structure, as well as the individual triage tool predictors and cut points. Public and patient involvement (PPI) focus groups were held to ensure triage tool acceptability to service users. Results: The Delphi survey reached consensus on nine triage variables in two domains, from 109 candidate variables after three rounds. Following a review of the relevant evidence during the consensus meetings, iterative rounds of discussion achieved consensus on the following aspects of the triage tool: reference standard, scope, target diagnostic accuracy and intended population. A three-step tool comprising physiology, anatomical injury and clinical judgement domains, with triage variables assessed in parallel, was recommended. The triage tool was received favourably by PPI focus groups. Conclusions: This paper presents a new expert consensus derived major trauma triage tool with defined purpose, scope, intended population, structure, constituent variables, variable definitions and thresholds. Prospective evaluation is required to determine clinical and cost-effectiveness, acceptability and usability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Providing adequate and balanced nutrition for preterm infants, especially extremely/very preterm infants, is the material basis for promoting their normal growth and development and improving long-term prognosis. Enteral nutrition is the best way to feed preterm infants. Previous systematic reviews have shown that using evidence-based standardized feeding management strategies can effectively promote the establishment of full enteral feeding, reduce the duration of parenteral nutrition, improve the nutritional outcomes of preterm infants, and not increase the risk of necrotizing enterocolitis or death. Based on relevant research in China and overseas, the consensus working group has developed 20 recommendations in 5 aspects including the goal of enteral nutrition, transitioning to enteral nutrition, stable growth period enteral nutrition, supplementation of special nutrients, and monitoring of enteral nutrition for preterm infants, using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation. The aim is to provide recommendations for healthcare professionals involved in the management of enteral nutrition for preterm infants, in order to improve the clinical outcomes of preterm infants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Chinese Journal of Stroke is the property of Chinese Journal of Stroke Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Technology has played a critical role in enhancing the effectiveness and development of forensic processes. Digitalization and the use of automated biometric technologies, like the Automated Fingerprint Identification Systems (AFIS) for instance, has been a significant step forward, increasing accountability and transparency, and improving the accuracy and efficiency of evidence processing. Traditionally these systems are search systems only, and require the implementation of additional workflow strategies to support forensic processes in best practice approaches. More recently, the introduction of statistical models represents strategies to strengthen the reliability of forensic science by combining human-based methods with computer-assisted approaches. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Gastric cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors, and over 70% of patients were diagnosed as advanced stage at the first visit in our country. For patients with locally advanced gastric cancer invading adjacent organs, the diagnosis and surgical treatment are quite difficult, and prognosis is poor. To further standardize the clinical research practice of locally advanced gastric cancer invading adjacent organs, this consensus was guided by evidence-based methodology, focusing on the progress of diagnosis and treatment in locally advanced gastric cancer invading adjacent organs, and the clinical studies with high level of evidence but not approved at present, and exploring the new modes of diagnosis, efficacy evaluation and other aspects. On the basis of literature retrieval, quality evaluation and evidence summary were carried out, and specific issues and hot topics such as the methods of diagnosis, peri-operative treatment, surgical treatment and other common concerns in the clinical application were discussed and investigated through multidisciplinary expert meetings, Delphi methods and other forms. The "Chinese expert consensus on clinical practice of locally advanced gastric cancer invading adjacent organs (2024 edition)" was completed by the investigation and summarization of the opinions of 35 experts from more than 10 different regions and 30 hospitals for 4 times, relying on Professional Committee on Gastric Cancer of Shanghai Anticancer Association, Professional Committee on Gastrointestinal Cancer of China Association for Promotion of Health Science and Technology, with a view to providing evidence reference and normative basis for frontline medical personnel in future clinical practice of locally advanced gastric cancer treatment, and laying a foundation for subsequent development of relevant industry guidelines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Indians develop ASCVD about a decade earlier than Western populations. • Subclinical ASCVD reflects the susceptibility to develop adverse CV events. • LAI recommends coronary artery calcium scoring to stratify ASCVD risk in selected patients. • LDL-C goals recommended by the LAI are more aggressive than other guidelines. • Extreme risk category C patients require the most intensive LDL-C lowering. In 2016, the Lipid Association of India (LAI) developed a cardiovascular risk assessment algorithm and defined low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) goals for prevention of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) in Indians. The recent refinements in the role of various risk factors and subclinical atherosclerosis in prediction of ASCVD risk necessitated updating the risk algorithm and treatment goals. The LAI core committee held twenty-one meetings and webinars from June 2022 to July 2023 with experts across India and critically reviewed the latest evidence regarding the strategies for ASCVD risk prediction and the benefits and modalities for intensive lipid lowering. Based on the expert consensus and extensive review of published data, consensus statement IV was commissioned. The young age of onset and a more aggressive nature of ASCVD in Indians necessitates emphasis on lifetime ASCVD risk instead of the conventional 10-year risk. It also demands early institution of aggressive preventive measures to protect the young population prior to development of ASCVD events. Wide availability and low cost of statins in India enable implementation of effective LDL-C-lowering therapy in individuals at high risk of ASCVD. Subjects with any evidence of subclinical atherosclerosis are likely to benefit the most from early aggressive interventions. This document presents the updated risk stratification and treatment algorithm and describes the rationale for each modification. The intent of these updated recommendations is to modernize management of dyslipidemia in Indian patients with the goal of reducing the epidemic of ASCVD among Indians in Asia and worldwide. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Transnasal humidified rapid-insufflation ventilatory exchange (THRIVE) is a safe, effective, and novel technique that is currently being used in electroconvulsive therapy (ECT). This study aimed to summarize the clinical practices of THRIVE use in ECT to aid physicians and institutions in implementing the best practice guidelines for ECT. Thus, we reviewed the current literature and presented our consensus on the application of THRIVE in ECT in daily clinical practice. This consensus provides information regarding THRIVE use in ECT, including its safety, effectiveness, procedures, precautions, special case management, and application in special populations. Moreover, it guides the standardized use of THRIVE in ECT. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recombinant human coagulation factor Ⅷ is the first-line treatment for hemophilia A recommended by authoritative guidelines. Various recombinant human coagulation factor Ⅷ have the same mechanism of action, which can temporarily replace the missing clotting factor Ⅷ that is needed for effective hemostasis in patients. There are differences in economy, pharmaceutical characteristics and other attributes. Therefore, pharmaceutical and clinical experts are organized by the Pharmacovigilance Professional Committee of Guangdong Pharmaceutical Association to formulate the Expert Consensus on Evaluation and Selection of Recombinant Human Coagulation Factor Ⅷ in Guangdong. Multi-dimensional evaluation on 6 kinds of recombinant human coagulation factor Ⅷ marketed in China are carried out from five aspects: pharmaceutical characteristics, efficacy, safety, economy and other attributes, so as to provide scientific basis for drug selection in medical institutions and promotes rational drug use in clinic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ocular adnexal extranodal marginal zone lymphoma of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (OAML) is a common malignant tumor that affects the ocular adnexal region. The incidence of OAML is increasing due to the aging population. The tumor invades the ocular adnexal region, which can result in abnormal ocular appearance and function, thereby reducing the quality of life. Currently, there is no standardized diagnosis and management guideline for OAML. To enhance the standardization of diagnosis and management in OAML, a collaborative effort was undertaken by esteemed organizations in China. The Cellular Immune Therapy Committee of China Association for Promotion of Health Science and Technology, the Ocular Tumor Committee of Chinese Medical Doctor Association for Ophthalmologist Branch, the Imaging Medicine Branch of Chinese International Exchange and Promotion Association for Medical and Healthcare, the Tumor and Microecology Professional Committee of China Anti-cancer Association, and the Lymphoma Immunotherapy Committee of Beijing Cancer Prevention Society jointly convened a panel of experts to develop the inaugural "Chinese Expert Consensus on the Diagnosis and Management of ocular adnexal extranodal marginal zone mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma (2023 edition)". [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) in the elderly is characterized by atypical symptoms, relatively severe esophageal injury, and more complications, and when GERD is treated, it is also necessary to fully consider the general health condition of the elderly patients. This consensus summarized the epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, and diagnosis and treatment characteristics of GERD in the elderly, and provided relevant recommendations, providing guidance for medical personnel to correctly understand and standardize the diagnosis and treatment of GERD in the elderly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Mexicana de Endocrinología, Metabolismo y Nutrición is the property of Publicidad Permanyer SLU and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)