273 results on '"expérimentations"'
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2. Chapter eight - Mathematical and numerical investigations of hybrid nanofluid applications in the industrial heat exchangers
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Malika, Manjakuppam, Gongloves, Clara, and Sonawane, Shriram S.
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- 2025
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3. AI Experimentation Policy for Libraries: Balancing Innovation and Data Privacy.
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Gupta, Varun
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LANGUAGE models , *DATA privacy , *LIBRARIANS , *ARTIFICIAL intelligence , *ACADEMIC libraries , *PUBLIC libraries - Abstract
This paper presents a strategic framework for librarians to ethically experiment with AI technologies, emphasizing data privacy and compliance. Developed through a consulting project, it categorizes library tasks based on frequency and data sharing needs, resulting in four AI experimentation strategies: Proactive Optimization, Controlled Experimentation, Opportunistic Experimentation, and Conservative Approach. Practical examples, like AI-assisted reference services for entrepreneurs, illustrate responsible experimentation without sensitive data sharing. The framework recommends documenting outcomes for evaluations and integrating Monitoring & Evaluation (M&E) to align AI experiments with library objectives, ensuring AI’s ethical and effective use in enhancing library services. This article suggests that to enhance the practical implementation of the proposed AI experimentation framework and policy in libraries, it is crucial to help librarians become familiar with identifying sensitive data, converting real data into synthetic data, and understanding the implications of sharing information with commercial large language model (LLM) service providers. It highlights the need for foundational training on data privacy, ethical AI practices, and risk assessment, offering solutions such as checklists, training programs, and knowledge-sharing platforms to empower library professionals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2025
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4. Synchronizing innovation: unveiling the synergy of need-based and curiosity-based experimentation in AI technology adoption for libraries
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Gupta, Varun and Gupta, Chetna
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- 2023
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5. Media Effects Research in Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly.
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Oliver, Mary Beth and Raney, Arthur A.
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MEDIA effects theory (Communication) - Abstract
This article presents an analysis of media effects articles published in JMCQ from 1954 to 2020. Although the primary focus of our sample of articles focused on news, a wealth of additional topics were also examined, including attitude change, media selection, and sharing of media content. While some of this body of scholarship reflects more "traditional" conceptualizations of media effects research, others point to a broader conceptualization that reflects individuals as active in their selection, processing, evaluation, and even creation of media content. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2023
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6. Actors' Contribution to an Updated Understanding of the Challenges to E-health Healthcare Access.
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GRANDCLAUDE, Sabrina, NOBRE, Thierry, and GRANDCLAUDE, Didier
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HEALTH services accessibility ,DIGITAL technology ,INFORMATION & communication technologies ,PROJECT managers - Abstract
Copyright of Gestion et Management Public is the property of Association Internationale de Recherche en Management Public (AIRMAP) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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- 2023
7. Chapter Digital synesthesia in product design. Building a vocabulary of physical interactions for a sensible quantified self
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Malakuczi, Viktor, Saviano, Miriam, Muscolo, Sara, Cipollone, Patrizio, Gironi, Camilla, and Angelini, Marco
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Sensorial quality ,haptics ,kinematic objects ,experimentations ,bic Book Industry Communication::A The arts::AK Industrial / commercial art & design::AKP Product design - Abstract
Industrial / commercial art & design
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- 2023
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8. Optimisation of the concurrent product and process configuration: an approach to reduce computation time with an experimental evaluation.
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Pitiot, Paul, Monge, Luis Garces, Aldanondo, Michel, Vareilles, Elise, and Gaborit, Paul
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CONSTRAINT satisfaction ,EVOLUTIONARY algorithms ,MANUFACTURING processes ,MANUFACTURED products ,STRUCTURAL optimization ,TARDINESS - Abstract
Concurrent configuration of a product and its associated production process is a challenging problem in customer/supplier relations dealing with customisable or configurable products. It gathers in a single model multiple choices and constraints which come simultaneously from products (choices of components or functionalities), from processes (choices of resources and quantities) and from their mutual interrelations. Considering this problem as a Constraint Satisfaction Problem (CSP), the aim of this article is to improve its optimisation, while considering multiple objectives. Using an existing evolutionary optimisation algorithm as a basis, we propose an approach that reduces the computation time required for optimisation. The idea is first to quickly compute a rough Pareto of solutions, then ask the user to select an area of interest, and finally to launch a second computation on this restricted area. After an introduction to the problem, the approach is explained and the algorithm adaptations are presented. Then various computation experiments results demonstrate that computation times are significantly reduced while keeping the optimality level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2020
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9. Greening the Chinese financial system through experimentations? Assessing the effectiveness of green finance business experimentations in Guangdong, China.
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Wei, Qianqian and Xiao, Sirui
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The necessity of greening the financial system for sustainability transition has been widely acknowledged and advocated. Experimentation is recognised as an important approach to transforming the financial system and includes promoting innovative practices, building capacity and forming networks. In the real-world settings, the designing and the implementation of experimentations are diverse processes. This study argues that lacking critical reflection and evaluation of the nature of experimentations can jeopardise its role as an agent for transformative changes. By mobilising insights from financial innovation literature and using data drawn from interviews and from financial institutions' self-reported green finance innovation practices, this study shows that experimentations can be manipulated to validate business-as-usual actions rather than being used as an approach to pursuing more radical innovations. Moreover, we also found that some financial institutions have participated in green finance experimentation in a passive manner, which represents a missed opportunity to build capacities and accumulate knowledge through the experimental process. This study addresses research demands for a more critical empirical re-assessment of the positive narratives regarding inducing transformative changes through experimentations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2022
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10. PRODUZINDO LADRILHOS HIDRÁULICOS: CONEXÕES E EXPERIMENTAÇÕES EM PERNAMBUCO E NA BAHIA.
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Brito Vasconcelos, Camila and Rodrigues da Silva, Maria das Graças
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CITIES & towns ,POSSIBILITY - Abstract
Copyright of Revista Foco (Interdisciplinary Studies Journal) is the property of Revista Foco and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
11. The Metal Dome of the Paris 'Halle au Blé', a Mechanical Architecture
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Jean-Roch Dumont Saint-Priest
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dome ,collaborations ,experimentations ,metals ,challenges ,Architecture ,NA1-9428 ,History (General) ,D1-2009 - Abstract
The construction of the metal framework of the former Paris's corn exchange building was a strategical issue for the city’s flour supply. This monument, also called the “Louvre of the people” by Napoleon himself, had to be lastingly protected. Erected at the dawn of the French industrial Revolution, this cupola foreshadows a century of iron architecture in Europe. Its yard (1808-1813) ushers pioneering collaborations and new professional practices in the art of building. The architect François-Joseph Bélanger and the controller François Brunet follow an original process, where the calculation become a tool to measure accurately the prefabricated parts of the structure. Together, they offer an innovating solution to cover the monument built by Nicolas Le Camus de Mézières in 1783 and to replace the wooden dome realized by Jacques-Guillaume Legrand and Jacques Molinos in 1783, destroyed by fire in 1802. Mention the different stages of the elaboration of this metallic dome, «accomplished with the accuracy of a clockwork», allow to define the complex realization of this architectural achievement.
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- 2020
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12. Catholic Responses to the Vulnerability of the French Parish Church: Continuities, Disruptions and Hopes.
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Robert, Marie-Hélène
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CATHOLICS , *PSYCHOLOGICAL vulnerability , *PARISHES , *CHURCH , *CHRISTIANITY - Abstract
Parishes in France, especially in rural areas, seem to have difficulties in existing, renewing themselves, and being missionaries in the 21st Century. To address this challenge, some of these parishes are developing original initiatives emerging from the laity that are generating new movements. We will describe some examples of these initiatives and analyze the ecclesiological issues in three directions. The laity can exercise their charisms in movements, parishes, professional, or family settings. The ordained ministries are gifts of God, uncompetitive, and articulated to each other by the Holy Spirit in the aim of communion. The parish is a central and singular locus but it is neither isolated nor exclusive, but rather in relation to other ecclesial places or mission territories. 摘要: 法国的教区,特别是在农村地区,似乎在21世纪对存在、更新和成为宣教士方面有困难。为了应对这一挑战,其中一些教区正在平信徒中制定原创倡议,这些倡议 正产生出新的运动。我们将介绍这些倡议的一些例子,并从三个方向分析教会问题。平信徒可以在运动、教区、专业或家庭环境中锻炼他们的能力。按立了的侍奉是上帝的礼物,没有竞争,透过圣灵为了交流而相互表达。教区是一个中心和奇 异之地,但它既不是孤立的也不是排他性的,而是相对于其他教会场所或宣教领土而言的。 Resumen: Las parroquias en Francia, especialmente las que están en zonas rurales, parecen tener dificultades para existir, renovarse y misionar en el siglo XXI. Para hacer frente a este desafío, algunas de estas parroquias están desarrollando iniciativas originales que surgen de los laicos y generan nuevos movimientos. Describiremos algunos ejemplos de estas iniciativas y analizaremos las cuestiones eclesiológicas en tres direcciones. Los laicos pueden ejercer sus carismas en los movimientos, las parroquias, los entornos profesionales o familiares. Los ministerios ordenados son dones de Dios, no competitivos y articulados entre sí por el Espíritu Santo con el propósito de lograr la comunión. La parroquia es un lugar central y singular, pero no está aislada ni es exclusiva, sino que se relaciona con otros lugares eclesiales o zonas de misión. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2020
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13. From Vitalism to Animal Magnetism: The Mesmerist Experiments of Dr Jean-Emmanuel Gilibert (1741-1814).
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Parent, Arnaud
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FLOATING bodies , *HEALING , *SCHOOL principals , *EIGHTEENTH century , *HUMAN body , *NATURAL history - Abstract
In 1766, the German physician Franz Anton M esmer (1734-1815) presented at the faculty of medicine in Vienna his doctoral thesis O n the Influence of the Planets on the Human Body (De planetarum influxu in corpus humanum), which was inspired by the De imperio solis ac lunae (1704), a work by Richard Mead (1673-1754), a disciple of Newton. In the thesis, Mesmer asserted that the cosmos and bodies floated in a universal fluid, which he called 'animal magnetism'. Diseases resulted from disorders of animal magnetism within individuals, and he proposed brand-new treatments to cure these disorders. Around 1775, M esmer sent his small monograph to different academies of science in Europe and to selected scientists. Only the Berlin Academy answered, but dismissed his work. In February 1778, he arrived in Paris, where he began to cure patients. A French physician from Lyon, Dr Jean-Emmanuel Gilibert (1741-1814), started to show interest in this mesmerist doctrine. Gilibert was a renowned physician and botanist. In 1775, he went to the Grand Duchy of Lithuania where he founded a medical school and a hospital in the town of Grodno (in present-day Belarus), where he worked from 1775 until 1781. He then moved to Vilnius to teach natural history at the Principal School of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania (Schola Princeps Magni Ducatus Lithuaniae, today Vilnius University), before returning to France in 1783. Gilibert was a strong believer in vitalism, a medical doctrine which stated that the physician should intervene as little as possible in healing the sick and letting nature do the healing. He saw animal magnetism as an expression of vitalism and carried out numerous experiments, which he described in letters addressed to his friend Antoine François Prost de Royer (1729-1784). In 1784, Gilibert published these letters in his Outline on Animal Magnetism, or findings of the observations made in Lyon about this new agent (Apperçu sur le magnétisme animal, ou résultat des observations faites à Lyon sur ce nouvel agent). These letters are of utmost interest because they show how a scientist of the last quarter of the 18th century regarded science and scientific research, at a time when science and pseudoscience were still intermingled. This article will present the way in which Gilibert devised and carried out his mesmerist experiments, and the conclusions he reached. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
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14. EXPERIMENTS ON THE DEPHOSPHORIZATLON OF HIGHLY ALLIED MANGANESE STEEL WITH HIGH PHOSPHORUS
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Imre Kiss, Vasile Alexa, Vasile Cioată, and Sorin Raţiu
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manganese austenitic steel ,dephosphorization ,experimentations ,Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) ,TA1-2040 - Abstract
The practical application of dephosphorization is discussed in the paper. Using the method of austenitic manganese steel waste re-melting, we get inevitable, phosphorus contents that exceed the admissible limits. The phosphorus increases the hardness and tensile strength of steel and it seriously affects the ductility and resistance to shock or impact. Experiments on the dephosphorization of highly allied manganese steel containing high phosphorous was made in laboratory conditions and the experimental results showed that the content of phosphorous in the steel can be lowered quickly and considerably. The industrial conditions allowed us to obtain similar results with those obtained in the laboratory. The only difference between the two experiments is the dephosphorization level, which was higher in the laboratory compared to the level obtain on an industrial scale, even if the experiments were done in similar conditions.
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- 2017
15. Corps animaux et poisons
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Bouliau, Damien
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Francia ,locura ,sorcellerie ,veneno ,expérimentations ,folie ,virilité ,historia ,Edad moderna ,poison ,genre ,animaux ,histoire ,gender ,virility ,experimentos ,witchcraft ,masculinities ,virilidad ,Early modern period ,experiments ,madness ,masculinidades ,animals ,masculinités ,animales ,brujería ,France ,history ,époque moderne ,género - Abstract
Un lien entre poisons et corps animaux est effectué durant toute l’époque moderne. Les traités toxicologiques du xvie siècle montrent l’ambiguïté des corps animaux en matière de poison et associent animaux familiers et légendaires comme le basilic. À partir du xviie siècle, les savoirs toxicologiques et juridiques se naturalisent avec un double processus de mutation des savoirs toxicologiques et de sécularisation du crime de sorcellerie. Les savants italiens, anglais et français expérimentent les poisons sur les animaux afin d’en déterminer les effets. Le cas du parlement de Toulouse permet d’observer les différentes transformations des poisons dans les procédures pour sorcellerie et la place des corps animaux. Avec la dédiabolisation du poison, il devient possible de trouver les signes de l’empoisonnement dans le cadavre de la victime ou en testant la toxicité des substances ingérées sur des animaux. Les sources présentent la marginalité de ces pratiques en France. La médecine légale et la toxicologie n’en sont encore qu’à leur protohistoire. A link between poisons and animal bodies is made throughout the modern era. The toxicological treatises of the 16th century show the ambiguity of animal bodies as regards poison and associate familiar and legendary animals such as the basilisk. From the 17th century, toxicological and legal knowledge became naturalized with a double process of mutation of toxicological knowledge and secularization of the crime of witchcraft. Italian, English, and French scientists experimented with poisons on animals to determine their effects. The case of the parliament of Toulouse allows us to observe the different transformations of poisons in witchcraft proceedings and the place of animal bodies. With the dediabolization of poison, it became possible to find signs of poisoning in the victim’s corpse or by testing the toxicity of ingested substances on animals. The sources show the marginality of these practices in France. Forensic medicine and toxicology are still in their protohistory. A lo largo de toda la Edad Moderna se establece un vínculo entre los venenos y los cuerpos animales. Los tratados toxicológicos del siglo XVI muestran la ambigüedad de los cuerpos animales en términos de veneno y asocian animales familiares y legendarios como el basilisco. A partir del siglo XVII, el saber toxicológico y jurídico se naturaliza con un doble proceso de mutación del saber toxicológico y de secularización del delito de brujería. Científicos italianos, ingleses y franceses experimentaron con venenos en animales para determinar sus efectos. El caso del parlamento de Toulouse permite observar las diferentes transformaciones de los venenos en los procesos de brujería y el lugar de los cuerpos de animales. Con la desdiabolización del veneno, se hizo posible encontrar signos de envenenamiento en el cadáver de la víctima o probando en animales la toxicidad de las sustancias ingeridas. Las fuentes muestran la marginalidad de estas prácticas en Francia. La medicina legal y la toxicología se encuentran aún en su protohistoria.
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- 2023
16. Des microlithes sauveterriens, témoins de l’armement des derniers chasseurs-cueilleurs dans les Alpes du Nord
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Chesnaux, Lorène
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armature ,emmanchement ,Mésolithique ,tracéologie ,expérimentations ,chasse ,typologie - Abstract
Cet article s’interroge sur l’interprétation des stigmates de fabrication (observation des méthodes de retouche) et d’utilisation (observation des endommagements d’impact et de résidus de colle d’emmanchement) de microlithes et hypermicrolithes (armatures de flèche) du Mésolithique moyen sauveterrien. Les premiers résultats que nous avons obtenus sur les sites de la Grande Rivoire, du Pas de la Charmate (Vercors, Isère) et de Sinard (Trièves, Isère) permettent d’ores et déjà de proposer une reconstitution des modes d’emmanchement de ces outils. Les perspectives d’un premier test expérimental sont exposées à la fin de cet article.
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- 2023
17. Signalisation cellulaire pour la detection des fraudes de contournement
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Kouam, Anne Josiane, Carneiro Viana, Aline, Martins, Philippe, Adjih, Cédric, Tchana, Alain, Institut Polytechnique de Paris (IP Paris), inTeRnet BEyond the usual (TRiBE ), Inria Saclay - Ile de France, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria), Département Informatique et Réseaux (INFRES), Télécom ParisTech, Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), and Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)
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Latence de signalisation ,[INFO]Computer Science [cs] ,Expérimentations ,Fraude à la SIMBox - Abstract
Best Paper Award; International audience; La fraude de contournement, également connue sous le nom de fraude à la SIMBox, est l'une des plus sévères dans les réseaux cellulaires, générant des pertes annuelles de 3,11 milliards de dollars et des menaces pour la sécurité nationale. Un challenge majeur à sa détection est l'évolution constante de la fraude en vue de contourner les solutions publiées dans la littérature. Ce papier explore une nouvelle source de données résiliente à l'évolution de la fraude: la signalisation cellulaire. Au travers d'expérimentations avec des appareils SIMBox nous montrons son potentiel à distinguer les équipements SIMBox des téléphones ordinaires en temps-réel et avant que la fraude ne soit commise.
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- 2023
18. In situ experimentations for the compatibility and durability of the restorations: the case study of the Sassi of Matera
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Ippolita Mecca
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Durability ,compatibility ,experimentations ,traditional and innovative materials ,recovery project ,Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering ,TD1-1066 ,Architectural engineering. Structural engineering of buildings ,TH845-895 - Abstract
The research intends to make a study of the interventions of restoration realized in a sample area, (“Sassi of Matera”), so as to establish an operating methodology with interpretative and implementable rules for the assessment of the concept of durability and service life in recovery interventions, starting from the preliminary phases of intervention, therefore that is from the project It is intended, in particular, to assess durability of the recovery intervention, analysing the aspects of subject compatibility, performance harmony and programmed maintenance. Starting from an initial check based on validation of the choices made by means of on site experiments and laboratory tests that conform to the regulations in force, and from predictions of the useful life of the utilised components, technological and subject compatibility and maintainability of these components, the objective is to formulate implementable technical intervention sheets which are an indispensable means for intervention planning and programming. Need underline that the durability of interventions must necessarily undergo the control and mastery of the traditional building techniques and a “programmed” design that is coherent with such interventions, guaranteeing a linguistic continuity of the landscape of the Sassi between its past and future, humbly respecting an environmental heritage of great value.
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- 2016
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19. Experimentações, leitura, projeto
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Matilde Maria Magalhães Corrêa
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Projects ,Experimentations ,Education - Abstract
This book deals with the experiences of many teachers with “work projects”, a bold new “methodology”, which lets you work with multiple languages to the students: music, body, oral and writing, mathematics, among others, in different times and spaces of the Traditional Education with intent, records and evaluations that are theirs. The explicitness of these student experiments carried out on site School, located in Campinas/SP, is based on sociointeractionists theories, and aim transdisciplinary knowledge, teamwork, and self-knowledge, valuing them in learning that leads to autonomy, reflection and social transformation.
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- 2016
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20. Les expérimentations de coopératives énergétiques citoyennes face à leur viabilité
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Hamman, Philippe
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territoire ,coopératives citoyennes ,renewable energies ,viability ,transition ,territory ,expérimentations ,individualisation ,écologie ,citizen cooperatives ,France-Allemagne-Suisse ,experimentation ,France-Germany-Switzerland ,individualization ,viabilité ,ecology ,énergies renouvelables - Abstract
Les coopératives énergétiques citoyennes sont significatives d’expérimentations locales de transition écologique en Europe. Elles permettent de penser ensemble la dimension d’alternative sociétale incarnée dans des projets concrets sur un territoire, et celle de leur viabilité, entre conditions économiques, justification environnementale et rapports renouvelés à l’individualisation des systèmes énergétiques. Les enjeux de viabilité sont ainsi étudiés dans leur triple dimension économique, écologique et systémique. Mobiliser l’outillage des transactions sociales permet de saisir les compromis pratiques qui s’opèrent territorialement et qui relativisent les grandes divisions entre systèmes énergétiques industriel et centralisé versus citoyen et décentralisé. D’un point de vue empirique, le propos se fonde sur l’étude sociologique de coopératives photovoltaïques ou éoliennes conduite entre 2019 et 2021 dans la région du Rhin supérieur, entre la France, l’Allemagne et la Suisse. Citizen energy cooperatives are significant local experiments in ecological transition in Europe. They allow us to understand how social alternatives can be embodied in concrete territorial projects and raise the question of the viability of these experiments, characterized by economic conditions, environmental justification and a renewed relationship to the individualization of energy systems. The issues of viability are therefore studied in their triple economic, ecological and systemic dimensions. Using the social transactions paradigm, we are able to understand the practical compromises that take place at the territorial level and relativize the so-called major divisions between industrial and centralized energy systems and citizen and decentralized systems. From an empirical point of view, this paper is based on the sociological study of photovoltaic and wind energy cooperatives conducted between 2019 and 2021 in the Upper Rhine region, between France, Germany and Switzerland.
- Published
- 2023
21. Attacking Image Recognition Captchas : A Naive but Effective Approach
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Fritsch, Christoph, Netter, Michael, Reisser, Andreas, Pernul, Günther, Hutchison, David, Series editor, Kanade, Takeo, Series editor, Kittler, Josef, Series editor, Kleinberg, Jon M., Series editor, Mattern, Friedemann, Series editor, Mitchell, John C., Series editor, Naor, Moni, Series editor, Nierstrasz, Oscar, Series editor, Pandu Rangan, C., Series editor, Steffen, Bernhard, Series editor, Sudan, Madhu, Series editor, Terzopoulos, Demetri, Series editor, Tygar, Doug, Series editor, Vardi, Moshe Y., Series editor, Weikum, Gerhard, Series editor, Katsikas, Sokratis, editor, Lopez, Javier, editor, and Soriano, Miguel, editor
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- 2010
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
22. Le « lâcher-prise » : mutations numériques des gestes architecturaux
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Sébastien Bourbonnais
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Simondon ,Architectures numériques ,Expérimentations ,Milieux ,Philosophy (General) ,B1-5802 ,Sociology (General) ,HM401-1281 - Abstract
The emergence of digital technologies has led to many transformations in architectural practices, mainly by creating a new space for design. It is also possible to identify a mutation of the design gesture, among some architects, which offer them a new “grasp” on the generation of objects and projects. Learning this digital grasping was done gradually, in phases, where the action of “let go” can be considered as the starting point. The difference between this special “let go” and the “let do by the machine”, is that the first one contains the moment of grasping; where the architects integrate the digitally simulated form into their own design concerns.The experiments of “let go-grasp” destabilize the design rhythms and gestures, forcing a series of adjustments, in order to be integrated in the architectural practices. This adoption of the digital technologies was not done at once, and unfortunately led to formal productions often below the initial expectations. To address this singular production, we need to focus on the digital experiments that raised new interactions between architects and software, instead of analyzing the spatial qualities of the future buildings.As in all explorations, the new medium has its own limits and loses its novelty, in waves. Therefore, it attracts less attention. This decreased attention is certainly one of the major problems showing the limits of the sensitivity of “let go-grasp”. As “the marks of a letting go”, an expression used by Jean-Luc Nancy in his works on the initial moment of painting in the cave, this “let go-grasp” describes one of the singular and original connection offered by the digital mutations of architectural gestures and architectural environments.
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- 2017
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23. Transformer collectivement et localement le service public des déchets : expérimentations dans des tiers-lieux-ressourceries franciliennes
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Marion Boespflug and Thomas Lamarche
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service public ,gestion des déchets ,tiers-lieux ,third places ,experimentation ,second-hand shops ,commons ,expérimentations ,waste management ,communs ,ressourceries ,public service - Abstract
Dans une dynamique « par le bas » et à une échelle locale, des structures du tiers-secteur mettent en place des services autour du réemploi, de la réutilisation et de la réparation des objets, présentés comme des alternatives au modèle de gestion des déchets en place et impliquant souvent la recherche d’une gouvernance collective. De nouveaux acteurs se mêlent au service public, créant de nouvelles interactions avec celui-ci. Parmi ces initiatives, des tiers-lieux se construisent sous la forme de ressourceries, présentant des modèles expérimentaux et hybridés. Cet article s’interroge sur les apports de leurs expérimentations dans l’activité des ressourceries, ainsi que sur les processus d’expérimentation et la place qu’y prennent les tiers-lieux. In a bottom-up dynamic and at a local level, third sector organisations develop services promoting the reuse and repair of second-hand objects. They are seen as an alternative to the dominant model and often involve the exploration of collective governance. New operators are joining the public service, generating new types of interaction with it. Among these projects, third places are emerging in the form of second-hand shops, or « ressourceries », creating experimental and hybrid models of them. This article explores the contributions of their experimentations in the « ressourcerie » activity. It also reviews the experimentation processes and the place that third places take in them.
- Published
- 2022
24. The Needs for Developing Experiments on Reservoirs in Hantavirus Research: Accomplishments, Challenges and Promises for the Future
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Sarah Madrières, Guillaume Castel, Séverine Murri, Johann Vulin, Philippe Marianneau, and Nathalie Charbonnel
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hantavirus ,experimentations ,reservoirs ,transmission ,spill-over ,persistence ,immunity ,super-spreader ,evolutionary ecology ,virology ,Microbiology ,QR1-502 - Abstract
Due to their large geographic distribution and potential high mortality rates in human infections, hantaviruses constitute a worldwide threat to public health. As such, they have been the subject of a large array of clinical, virological and eco-evolutionary studies. Many experiments have been conducted in vitro or on animal models to identify the mechanisms leading to pathogenesis in humans and to develop treatments of hantavirus diseases. Experimental research has also been dedicated to the understanding of the relationship between hantaviruses and their reservoirs. However, these studies remain too scarce considering the diversity of hantavirus/reservoir pairs identified, and the wide range of issues that need to be addressed. In this review, we present a synthesis of the experimental studies that have been conducted on hantaviruses and their reservoirs. We aim at summarizing the knowledge gathered from this research, and to emphasize the gaps that need to be filled. Despite the many difficulties encountered to carry hantavirus experiments, we advocate for the need of such studies in the future, at the interface of evolutionary ecology and virology. They are critical to address emerging areas of research, including hantavirus evolution and the epidemiological consequences of individual variation in infection outcomes.
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- 2019
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25. Polycentric urban climate governance: Creating synergies between integrative and interactive governance in Oslo
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Trond Vedeld, Solli Hilde, Hege Hofstad, and Hanssen Gro Sandkjær
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Co-creation ,Corporate governance ,Geography, Planning and Development ,Integrative governances ,Polycentric urban climate governances ,Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law ,Scaling ,Leadership ,Experimentations ,Political science ,Interactive governance ,Urban climate ,Interactive governances ,Regional science - Abstract
Cities have emerged as important agents and sites in climate governance interventions, experimentations and networks. Drawing upon two strains of climate governance and collaborative governance literature, respectively, this article adopts a polycentric approach to the analysis of Oslo's urban climate governance. It unpacks the relationships between urban leadership, climate goal-setting and institutional design, and reveals how these variables condition the employment of a combination of integrative and interactive governing instruments that foster both self-governance and co-creation in climate responses. The article argues that broad and long-term political support facilitates the adoption of ambitious climate goals, utilization of regulatory powers, and the design and operations of innovative hybrid mixes of integrative and interactive governing instruments. The hybrid combination of instruments is what provides the basis for synergistic, predictable and dynamic forms of self-governance and co-created linkages among public and private ‘units’ within the wider urban climate governance ecosystem. Trans-local and transnational networks play an important role in building such capacities for urban climate governance. Local processes of co-creation and networked experimentations are ‘scaling up’ to change policies at city, national and international levels. The empirical observations from Oslo have implication for theories of polycentric urban climate governance and for the promise and limitations of cocreation in the climate arena. The analysis draws upon qualitative interviews with close to 50 public and private stakeholders and policy document studies. KEYWORDS co-creation, experimentations and scaling, integrative and interactive governance, leadership, polycentric urban climate governance
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- 2021
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26. Transformer collectivement et localement le service public des déchets : expérimentations dans des tiers-lieux-ressourceries franciliennes
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Boespflug, Marion, Lamarche, Thomas, Laboratoire Dynamiques Sociales et Recomposition des Espaces (LADYSS), and Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris 8 Vincennes-Saint-Denis (UP8)-Université Paris Nanterre (UPN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)
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service public ,gestion des déchets ,tiers-lieux ,third places ,experimentation ,second-hand shops ,commons ,expérimentations ,waste management ,communs ,ressourceries ,public service ,[SHS]Humanities and Social Sciences - Abstract
International audience; "In a bottom-up dynamic and at a local level, third sector organisations develop services promoting the reuse and repair of second-hand objects. They are seen as an alternative to the dominant model and often involve the exploration of collective governance. New operators are joining the public service, generating new types of interaction with it. Among these projects, third places are emerging in the form of second-hand shops, or « ressourceries », creating experimental and hybrid models of them. This article explores the contributions of their experimentations in the « ressourcerie » activity. It also reviews the experimentation processes and the place that third places take in them." (source éditeur); "Dans une dynamique « par le bas » et à une échelle locale, des structures du tiers-secteur mettent en place des services autour du réemploi, de la réutilisation et de la réparation des objets, présentés comme des alternatives au modèle de gestion des déchets en place et impliquant souvent la recherche d’une gouvernance collective. De nouveaux acteurs se mêlent au service public, créant de nouvelles interactions avec celui-ci. Parmi ces initiatives, des tiers-lieux se construisent sous la forme de ressourceries, présentant des modèles expérimentaux et hybridés. Cet article s’interroge sur les apports de leurs expérimentations dans l’activité des ressourceries, ainsi que sur les processus d’expérimentation et la place qu’y prennent les tiers-lieux." (source éditeur)
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- 2022
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27. Chest response assessment of post-mortem swine under blast loadings.
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Boutillier, Johanna, De Mezzo, Sébastien, Deck, Caroline, Magnan, Pascal, Naz, Pierre, and Willinger, Rémy
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- *
BLAST effect , *CHEST (Anatomy) , *BIOMECHANICS , *KINEMATICS , *SHOCK waves - Abstract
To better protect soldiers from blast threat, that principally affect air-filled organs such a lung, it is necessary to develop an adapted injury criterion and, prior to this, to evaluate the response of a biological model against that threat. The objective of this study is to provide some robust data to quantify the chest response of post-mortem swine under blast loadings. 7 post-mortem swine (54.5 ± 2.6 kg), placed side-on to the threat and against the ground, were exposed to 5 shock-waves of increasing intensities. Their thorax were instrumented with a piezo-resistive pressure sensor, an accelerometer directly exposed to the shock-wave and a target was mounted on the latter in order to track the chest wall displacement. For incident impulses ranging from 47 kPa ms ± 2% to 173 kPa ms ± 6%, the measured maximum of linear chest wall acceleration (Γmax) goes from 5800 m/s 2 ± 16% to 41,000 m/s 2 ± 8%, with a duration of 0.8 ms. Chest wall displacements ranging from 5 mm ± 20% to 20 mm ± 15%, with a duration of 9 ms, are reached. These reproducible data were used to find simple relations (linear, 2nd and 3rd order polynomials) between the kinematic parameters (plus the viscous criterion) and the incident and reflected impulses. Correlating the new reproducible data with the prediction from the Bowen curves showed a lung injury threshold in terms of Γmax similar to that of Cooper (10,000 m/s 2 ). However, the limits defined for the viscous criterion in the automobile field and for non-lethal weapons seems not adapted for the blast threat. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2017
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28. Characterization of hygrothermal transfers in the unfired earth.
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Medjelekh, Dalel, Ulmet, Laurent, and Dubois, Frédéric
- Abstract
In front of the building energy issues and environmental impact bound, it appears that the earth envelopes are a promising track in terms of improving thermal comfort, indoor air quality, energy consumption and indoor humidity regulation. For this purpose, a characterization of hygrothermal transfers in the unfired earth was been conducted with experimental and numerical approaches. Thus, the studies at the material and wall scales were necessary to check dissociate and coupled hygrothermal behaviour. The material scale has been used to characterize properties related to heat and mass transfers. The hygrothermal coupling has been the subject of a specific study via a dual-climate test chamber at an earth wall scale. Finite Differences (FD) and Finite Elements (FE) implementations have resulted in a detailed analysis of transfers across the tested earth wall with a reduction work of order required to limit the calculation time. Emphasis is placed on the effects of moisture in the hygrothermal transfer in order to validate a digital tool developed in this work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2017
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29. Quand l'anthropologie rencontre l'art. Entretien avec Arnd Schneider
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Baracchini, Leïla, Guillaume-Pey, Cécile, and Baracchini, Leila
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art and science ,experimentation ,interdisciplinarity ,interdisciplinarité ,écriture ethnographique ,ethnographic writing ,art et science ,expérimentations ,[SHS] Humanities and Social Sciences ,collaboration - Abstract
When anthropology meets art. An interview with Arnd Schneider original version in English In this interview, Arnd Schneider reflects on his work at the crossroads of art and anthropology. Among the topics mentioned are his trajectory (starting from his first fieldwork experiences in Argentina), his reflections on alternatives modes of representation, his encounters with artists and the questions opened up by artistic dialogue in postcolonial situations. Based on these experiences, he also discusses the importance of serendipity in the research process. Finally, the interview calls for a rethinking of the epistemological and political scope of interdisciplinary dialogue between artists and anthropologists., Dans cet entretien, Arnd Schneider revient sur ses travaux consacrés aux croisements entre art et anthropologie. Y sont ainsi successivement évoqués son parcours (à partir de ses premiers terrains en Argentine), ses réflexions sur les modalités alternatives de recherche et d'écriture ethnographique, les enjeux académiques, institutionnels et éthiques de ce type d'explorations créatives, ses rencontres avec des artistes, et les questionnements que le dialogue créatif en situation postcoloniale peut ouvrir. Partant de ses expériences, il évoque également l'importance de la sérendipité dans le processus de recherche. L'entretien appelle, enfin, à repenser la portée épistémologique et politique des dialogues interdisciplinaires qui peuvent se nouer entre artistes et anthropologues.
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- 2022
30. Performances et Gestion de l'itinérance dans les réseaux LoRaWAN
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Hamnache, Mohamed and Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - Toulouse INP (FRANCE)
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itinérance ,liaison descendante ,expérimentations ,allocation de paramètres de transmission ,LoRaWAN - Abstract
LoRaWAN est l’un des principaux protocoles de communication sans fil déployés pour répondre aux exigences des applications IoT (Internet of Things) nécessitant une communication à longue portée avec une faible consommation d’énergie. On compte actuellement plus d’un milliard de dispositifs IoT utilisés dans le monde et LoRaWAN apparaît comme l’une des solutions les plus prometteuses pour de nombreuses applications. Bien que l’étude de ces réseaux, des mécanismes associés et de leurs performances soit un sujet particulièrement brûlant, certains aspects restent peu explorés, notamment la gestion de la mobilité et de l’itinérance (roaming). De même, de nombreux travaux reposent exclusivement sur des approches de simulation pour leur validation ou manquent d’outils et de bancs de test pour conduire des expérimentations réelles. Dans cette thèse, nous proposons d’apporter des solutions `a des problèmes bien connus au sein de la communauté LoRaWAN, notamment l’allocation des paramètres de transmission pour augmenter les performances du réseau. Nous proposons alors L3SFA et L3SFA-TPC pour améliorer le taux de délivrance, la capacité du réseau et la consommation énergétique des terminaux. Par la suite, nous nous sommes concentrés sur des sujets moins explorés. Nous proposons LoRaRoam, le premier système prenant en charge l’itinérance active ou itinérance Handover dans les réseaux LoRaWAN. Face au manque ou `a l’absence d’outils de référence, nous nous sommes attachés au développement de solutions et au déploiement de bancs de test pour la validation des solutions proposées et pour l’analyse de leurs performances à large échelle. Nous avons conçu LoRa Roaming Emulator (LDE), le premier émulateur d’itinérance dédié à l’évaluation des réseaux LoRaWAN itinérant. De plus, nous avons proposé LoRaDL, un framework pour prendre en charge les communications sur la liaison descendante (commandes MAC, trames de données) facilitant ainsi la mise en oeuvre des solutions centrées sur les passerelles (gateway-centric) et l’évaluation des performances de la liaison descendante.
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- 2022
31. Le maillage territorial comme levier de la transition socio-écologique : Mise en récit d’expérimentations en Bourgogne Franche-Comté
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Marie-Laure Brunet, Ferreux, Marie-Pierre, Lancement, Karine, Lapostolle, Dany, Mangin, Gaëtan, Nicogossian, David, Rollet, Marjorie, Roy, Alex, and Roy, Alex
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Démocratie du faire ,Transition écologique ,[SHS] Humanities and Social Sciences ,Maillage territorial ,Expérimentations ,Mobilisation citoyenne - Abstract
Ce document constitue une mise en récit du projet de recherche action participative Bourgogne-Franche-Comté (BFC) en transition coordonné par la Direction régionale de l’environnement, de l’aménagement et du logement BFC, la Maison des sciences de l’homme de Dijon, le Centre d’études et d’expertise sur les risques, l’environnement, la mobilité et l’aménagement, l’association Belfortaine In’Terre ActiV et l’expérimentation Territoire zéro chômeur de longue durée des Bertranges.Retrouvez également l'article scientifique :https://doi.org/10.4000/norois.12812
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- 2022
32. Tubi Dalmine. Sperimentazioni e brevetti per edifici a struttura metallica - Dalmine's tubes. Experimentations and patents for steel buildings
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Tosone, A., Abita, M., Di donato, D., and Morganti, R.
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Dalmine company ,experimentations ,patents ,Steel tubes, building structure, Dalmine company, experimentations, patents ,Steel tubes ,building structure - Published
- 2022
33. Armes et Guerriers: Continuités et changements dans l'équipement du guerrier en Europe, Proche et Moyen-Orient de l'âge du Bronze à l’époque Moderne : Actes du colloque de l'Institut d'Art et d'Archéologie, Paris, le 29 octobre 2019
- Author
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Bombled, Pauline, Sauvageot, Prune, Solazzo, Rita, Archéologies et Sciences de l'Antiquité (ArScAn), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris 8 Vincennes-Saint-Denis (UP8)-Université Paris Nanterre (UPN)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Institut national de recherches archéologiques préventives (Inrap)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Archéologie de la Gaule : structures économiques et sociales (GAMA), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris 8 Vincennes-Saint-Denis (UP8)-Université Paris Nanterre (UPN)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Institut national de recherches archéologiques préventives (Inrap)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris 8 Vincennes-Saint-Denis (UP8)-Université Paris Nanterre (UPN)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Institut national de recherches archéologiques préventives (Inrap)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and TranSphères
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Méditerranée ,Moyen Âge ,[SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory ,Fortification ,Iron age archaeology ,Période moderne ,Weapon ,Middle Age ,âge du Fer ,Conflit ,Armée ,Experimentation ,Bronze age period ,Egypte ,[SHS.ART]Humanities and Social Sciences/Art and art history ,Expérimentations ,Roman period ,Europe ,âge du Bronze ,Iconografy -- Europe ,Armement ,Période romaine ,Army ,Egypt ,War ,[SHS.HIST]Humanities and Social Sciences/History ,Epigraphie ,Iconographie - Abstract
This manuscript is the result of a colloquium devoted to armament, theme at the heart of several international research but sometimes lacking in visibility. It aims to propose a renewed vision and innovative approaches for the study of Weapons and Warriors in Europe and the Near East for ancient societies. Through "classical" approaches and the implementation of new methodologies, the various authors open up to military issues, but also more societal ones, like the way of making war, the warrior elites, the composition of armies, the status of the warrior, the soldier, etc. In short, how, through the study of armaments can we understand societies and their mode of their mode of organisation? The various presentations in this manuscript address several aspects of the research to characterise the factors that could be at the origin of modifications or, on the contrary, of a continuance in the equipment of the warrior and in his modes of combat. Through these different articles, the reader is invited to compare and contrast the methods employed to study the military panoply and the results obtained. Thus, the evolution of weaponry is approached from a technological, typological, sociological and identity-based point of view.; Ce livre est le résultat d’un colloque consacré à l’armement, thématique au coeur de nombreuses recherches internationales, mais manquant parfois de visibilité. Il vise à proposer une vision renouvelée et des approches originales pour l’étude des Armes et des Guerriers en Europe et au Proche-Orient pour les sociétés anciennes. Au travers d’approches “classiques” et de la mise en place de nouvelles méthodologies, les différents auteurs s’ouvrent à des problématiques militaires, mais aussi plus sociétales, comme la façon de faire la guerre, les élites guerrières, la composition des armées, le statut du guerrier, du soldat, etc. En résumé, comment, au travers de l’étude de l’armement, peut-on comprendre les sociétés et leur mode d’organisation ? Les différents exposés de ce manuscrit abordent plusieurs aspects de la recherche afin de caractériser les facteurs qui pourraient être à l’origine de modifications ou au contraire d’une pérennisation dans l’équipement du guerrier et dans ses modes de combat. Par ces différents articles, le lecteur est invité à confronter et comparer les méthodes employées pour étudier la panoplie militaire et lesrésultats obtenus. Ainsi, l’évolution de l’armement est abordée d’un point de vue technologique autant que typologique, sociologique et identitaire.
- Published
- 2022
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34. Optimisation of the concurrent product and process configuration: an approach to reduce computation time with an experimental evaluation
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Michel Aldanondo, Élise Vareilles, Paul Pitiot, Paul Gaborit, Luis Garces Monge, Centre Génie Industriel (CGI), IMT École nationale supérieure des Mines d'Albi-Carmaux (IMT Mines Albi), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), Institut d’ingénierie informatique de Limoges, and Instituto Tecnologico de Costa Rica (COSTA RICA)
- Subjects
0209 industrial biotechnology ,Mathematical optimization ,021103 operations research ,Configuration optimization ,Computer science ,configuration optimization ,Strategy and Management ,Computation ,0211 other engineering and technologies ,Evolutionary algorithm ,ComputerApplications_COMPUTERSINOTHERSYSTEMS ,process configuration ,02 engineering and technology ,Process configuration ,Management Science and Operations Research ,Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering ,[SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics] ,020901 industrial engineering & automation ,Product (mathematics) ,experimentations ,evolutionary algorithms ,product configuration - Abstract
International audience; Concurrent configuration of a product and its associated production process is a challenging problem in customer/supplier relations dealing with customisable or configurable products. It gathers in a single model multiple choices and constraints which come simultaneously from products (choices of components or functionalities), from processes (choices of resources and quantities) and from their mutual interrelations. Considering this problem as a Constraint Satisfaction Problem (CSP), the aim of this article is to improve its optimisation, while considering multiple objectives. Using an existing evolutionary optimisation algorithm as a basis, we propose an approach that reduces the computation time required for optimisation. The idea is first to quickly compute a rough Pareto of solutions, then ask the user to select an area of interest, and finally to launch a second computation on this restricted area. After an introduction to the problem, the approach is explained and the algorithm adaptations are presented. Then various computation experiments results demonstrate that computation times are significantly reduced while keeping the optimality level.
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- 2019
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35. Uso de animales de experimentación en la investigación biomédica en Costa Rica Using Experimental Animal in Biomedical Research in Costa Rica
- Author
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Jorge Granados-Zúñiga
- Subjects
animales ,experimentación ,investigación biomédica ,Costa Rica ,animals ,experimentations ,biomedical investigation ,Medicine - Abstract
El progreso en la investigación médica y biológica ha dependido en gran medida del uso de animales experimentales Dada la importancia que históricamente han tenido los animales como reactivos biológicos en la investigación biomédica se consolidó la ciencia del animal de experimentación. Ésta persigue la obtención de animales biológicamente estandarizados mediante la selección colectiva de características anatómicas, fisiológicas, ecológicas y sanitarias.The progress in medical and biological research has relied heavily on the use of experimental animals. Given the importance animals have had historically as biological reagents, the science of experimental animals was created and is consolidated in biomedical research. It seeks to obtain biologically standardized animals by selecting their collective anatomical, physiological, ecological and health characteristics.
- Published
- 2010
36. Le temps en urbanisme ? Récits d'expériences
- Author
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Mège, Arnaud, Mallet, Sandra, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA), Institut d'Aménagement des Territoires, d'Environnement et d'Urbanisme de l'Université de Reims (IATEUR), HABITER - EA 2076 (HABITER), Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Maison des Sciences Humaines de Champagne-Ardenne (MSH-URCA), Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA), ANR-18-CE22-0006,UrbaTime,Les temps de l'urbanisme durable(2018), Mège, Arnaud, and APPEL À PROJETS GÉNÉRIQUE 2018 - Les temps de l'urbanisme durable - - UrbaTime2018 - ANR-18-CE22-0006 - AAPG2018 - VALID
- Subjects
[SHS.ARCHI]Humanities and Social Sciences/Architecture, space management ,expérimentations ,[SHS.GEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Geography ,[SHS.ARCHI] Humanities and Social Sciences/Architecture, space management ,urbanisme temporaire ,ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS ,Temporalités ,[SHS]Humanities and Social Sciences - Abstract
International audience; Pourquoi travailler sur les temps en urbanisme ? Dans le cadre des travaux de l'ANR «UrbaTime», Sandra Mallet et Arnaud Mège ont interrogé cinq théoriciens sur les pratiques qui se construisent autour des temporalités. Avant d'entrer dans le vif du sujet, quelques prérequis relatifs au temps et à la fabrique urbaine, mais aussi aux changements de paradigmes à l'oeuvre.
- Published
- 2021
37. Experimental and Numerical Analysis of Forced Convection Heat Transfer in Turbulent Flows.
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Kummitha, Obula Reddy and Pandey, K.M.
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FORCED convection ,REYNOLDS number ,MATHEMATICAL models of turbulence ,HEAT transfer coefficient ,COMPUTER simulation - Abstract
In this paper an attempt has been made with experimental as well as theoretical analysis to find the variation in heat transfer coefficient with Reynolds number and numerical simulation attempt has also been done with different turbulence models in forced convection turbulent flows. Experimental analysis was carried out by using forced convection experimental setup at constant power supply to the heater and by varying the different flow rates of air with the help of a blower. The tube heat exchanger is fully insulated. In turbulent flows, the heat transfer coefficient is greatly affected by the turbulence, hence in this paper numerical analysis was carried out with different turbulence models and analysis has been done with both experimental and theoretical values to find the best turbulence model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2015
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38. Retour d'expérience des études empiriques dans l'ingénierie de langages de modélisation: Application aux langages de chorégraphie.
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Cortes-Cornax, Mario, Dupuy-Chessa, Sophie, Rieu, Dominique, and Mandran, Nadine
- Abstract
Copyright of Ingénierie des Systèmes d'Information is the property of International Information & Engineering Technology Association (IIETA) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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- 2015
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39. [formula omitted] Adaptive depth and pitch control of an underwater vehicle with real-time experiments.
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Maalouf, Divine, Chemori, Ahmed, and Creuze, Vincent
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- *
SUBMERSIBLES , *REAL-time control , *NONLINEAR theories , *DEGREES of freedom , *ROBUST control , *FEEDBACK control systems - Abstract
This paper proposes a new control scheme for underwater vehicles. These systems are highly nonlinear and they often operate in a varying environment. A robust controller is therefore needed to deal with these challenges. The recently developed L 1 adaptive controller is proposed to be designed and implemented in real time for the first time on an underwater vehicle. Different experimental scenarios are then conducted to test the performance of the closed-loop system in two degrees of freedom. An interesting particularity of this controller lies in its architecture where robustness and adaptation are decoupled enabling thus high adaptation gains. This would result in a fast adaptation with a guaranteed smooth transient response without any persistency of excitation. In order to validate the choice of this controller, a comparative study is proposed to be conducted with the well proven adaptive nonlinear state feedback controller (ANSF). Real-time experimental results are proposed for different scenarios including nominal case, external disturbances rejection and robustness towards parameters uncertainties. This comparative study highlights clearly the superiority of the L 1 adaptive controller. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
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40. From sooty speleothems analysis to the study of occupation dynamics in caves by prehistoric societies
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Ségolène Vandevelde, Jacques Élie Brochier, PETIT Christophe, Ludovic Slimak, Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne - UFR Histoire de l'art et archéologie (UP1 UFR03), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1), Archéologies environnementales, Archéologies et Sciences de l'Antiquité (ArScAn), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris 8 Vincennes-Saint-Denis (UP8)-Université Paris Nanterre (UPN)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris 8 Vincennes-Saint-Denis (UP8)-Université Paris Nanterre (UPN)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire méditerranéen de préhistoire Europe-Afrique (LAMPEA), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ministère de la Culture (MC), Travaux et recherches archéologiques sur les cultures, les espaces et les sociétés (TRACES), École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Julie Bachellerie, Margot Louail, Emilie Berlioz, Ana Belén Galán López, Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris Nanterre (UPN)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris Nanterre (UPN)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris 8 Vincennes-Saint-Denis (UP8)-Université Paris Nanterre (UPN)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Institut national de recherches archéologiques préventives (Inrap)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris 8 Vincennes-Saint-Denis (UP8)-Université Paris Nanterre (UPN)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Institut national de recherches archéologiques préventives (Inrap)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
- Subjects
[SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory ,high resolution ,experimentations ,prehistory ,mobility ,fuliginochronology ,[SHS]Humanities and Social Sciences - Abstract
International audience; During this presentation, the method will be presented as well as the experiments carried out to better understand the formation of these archives of anthropogenic activities that fuliginous speleothems are. The use of this method to document the mobility patterns of past societies will also be presented through case study.Privileged axes: new methods and methodologies; experimentation, referential frameworks and actualist approaches; occupation of territories and population mobility
- Published
- 2021
41. Um ambiente-escola entre poéticas, narrativas e experimentações
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Daniel Ganzarolli Martins and Shaula Maíra Vicentini de Sampaio
- Subjects
School ,Experimentações ,Escola ,Narrative ,Experimentations ,Difference ,Educação ambiental ,Theory and practice of education ,Environmental education ,Narrativa ,LB5-3640 ,Diferença - Abstract
RESUMO Na busca de repensar os clichês que circundam tanto o espaço escolar quanto a educação ambiental, perguntamo-nos: quais as potências que pulsam no que poderíamos chamar de ambiente-escola? Ao propormos uma porosidade de fronteiras entre os termos “ambiente” e “escola”, referimo-nos a um ambiente escolar que existe na sua diversidade de afetos, encontros e acontecimentos. Escola que atualmente é alvo de discursos ultraconservadores que visam suprimir sua potencialidade inventiva de espaços-tempos outros. No percurso dessa pesquisa, abrimo-nos às possibilidades de educações ambientais inventivas e nos movimentamos também rumo a uma ressignificação do espaço escolar, adentrando nas narrativas, poéticas e diferenças que o habitam. Em uma escola pública municipal situada em Florianópolis (SC), convidamos estudantes do nono ano do ensino fundamental e distintos trabalhadores a participarem de oficinas que possibilitaram experimentações em educação ambiental em torno das seguintes perguntas: quais narrativas e poéticas povoam este ambiente-escola? De que forma estes narrares se relacionam com as diferenças e multiplicidades presentes neste ambiente-escola? O diário de campo foi um importante dispositivo para o delineamento dessas questões. Num processo coletivo de criação de outros modos de nos relacionarmos com tal espaço, ao realizarmos diferentes experimentações com narrativas e poéticas junto a essa diversidade de sujeitos escolares, mobilizaram-se as dimensões do afeto e do encontro em distintas práticas em educação ambiental. ABSTRACT To rethink the clichés that surround both the school space and the environmental education field, we ask ourselves: what are the potentialities that flourish in what we could call the school-environment? By proposing an intersection of boundaries between the terms "environment" and "school", we refer to a school environment that exists in its diversity of affections, encounters and events. Schools are currently the target of ultraconservative discourses that aim to suppress their inventive potential of creating other spaces and temporalities. In the course of this research, we opened ourselves up to the possibilities of inventive environmental forms of education and we also moved towards a resignification of the school space, while we experience the narratives, poetics and differences that inhabit it. In a municipal public school located in Florianópolis (SC), we invited ninth grade students and a group of workers to participate in workshops that enabled experimentations in environmental education on the following questions: what narratives and poetics populate this school-environment? How do these narratives relate to the differences and multiplicities present in this school-environment? The field diary was an important device for delineating these issues. In a collective process of creating other ways of relating to such a space, we carried out different experimentations with narratives and poetics along with this diversity of collectives that exist inside a school.
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
42. Coupole : expérimentation du charbon de bois dans la construction
- Author
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Repussard, Charly, École nationale supérieure d'architecture de Versailles (ENSA-V), Gilles Ebersolt, and Stéphane Berthier
- Subjects
Carbone ,[SHS.ARCHI]Humanities and Social Sciences/Architecture, space management ,Matériaux ,Assemblage ,Techniques constructives ,Recherche ,Bio-sourcé ,Coupole ,Charbon de bois ,Architecture légère ,Expérimentations ,Centre art architecture paysage patrimoine (CAAPP) - Abstract
Ce mémoire a pour objet l’expérimentation du charbon de bois dans la construction et pour démonstration la réalisation d’une coupole suspendue. Au travers de cet objet, l'auteur aborde les raisons qui l’ont guidé à choisir ce matériau, sa mise en œuvre, la forme de l’objet ainsi que les choix techniques pour sa fabrication. Tout d’abord attiré par l’esthétique singulière du charbon de bois, d’un noir à la fois mat et brillant, l'auteur de ce mémoire s'est ensuite intéressé à ses propriétés physiques qui en font un matériau rigide, léger et isolant grâce à sa structure alvéolaire en carbone. Après avoir fait un tour d’horizon des documentations sur le sujet, des techniques d’assemblages ont été recherchées pour en faire un matériau techniquement exploitable à l’échelle d’une construction. Cela a progressivement amené au composite suivant : un aggloméré de charbon et colle à bois.
- Published
- 2021
43. Raymond Federman et l'art d'exprimer l'indicible.
- Author
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Maziarczyk, Anna
- Abstract
The originality of Raymond Federman's La Voix dans le Cabinet de Débarras resides in both its graphic form, close to some artistic projects, and its narrative content, which engenders and motivates the former, thus revealing the deep sense of literary devices, which only appear to be purely formal experiments. Exploring the trauma experienced during the Second World War, the text delves into the issue that the writer's whole literary oeuvre obsessively returns to: the impotence of language in the face of a complex and dramatic reality. The aim of this article is to analyse the narrative mechanism, which rejects the conventional transmission of a story in favour of discursive strategies exploiting the materiality of text. The extensive semantic correlation of these two aspects creates a double drama, resulting from the actually experienced tragedy and an inability to verbalise it. Referring to the theory of an artistic text and philosophical reflections on the Holocaust, this article seeks to demonstrate that La Voix dans le Cabinet de Débarras embodies Federman's search for new forms of expression of trauma in a literary text. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2015
44. Faire territoire pour la jeunesse. Le cas d'un programme à vocation innovante au sein de la Métropole européenne de Lille (France)
- Author
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Kergosien, Eric, Ferchaud, Flavie, Boone, Damien, Dumont, Marc, Groupe d'Études et de Recherche Interdisciplinaire en Information et COmmunication - ULR 4073 (GERIICO ), Université de Lille, LAB'URBA (LAB'URBA), Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Université Gustave Eiffel, Centre d'Etudes et de Recherches Administratives, Politiques et Sociales - UMR 8026 (CERAPS), Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Territoires, Villes, Environnement & Société - ULR 4477 (TVES), Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale (ULCO)-Université de Lille, ANRU, Métropole Européenne de Lille, Collège international des sciences territoriales (CIST), Sciences Po Lille - Institut d'études politiques de Lille (IEP Lille)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Sciencesconf.org, CCSD
- Subjects
[SHS.ARCHI]Humanities and Social Sciences/Architecture, space management ,Youth ,[SHS.INFO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Library and information sciences ,réseaux ,expérimentations ,acteurs ,[SHS.INFO] Humanities and Social Sciences/Library and information sciences ,Metropolis ,innovation ,[SHS.SCIPO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Political science ,[SHS]Humanities and Social Sciences ,métropole ,Stake-holders ,Lille ,[SHS] Humanities and Social Sciences ,jeunesse ,[SHS.ARCHI] Humanities and Social Sciences/Architecture, space management ,Networks ,Experiments ,[SHS.SCIPO] Humanities and Social Sciences/Political science - Abstract
This work has its origin in the evaluation of a experimental programme carried out in favour of young people and supported by the European Metropolis of Lille. As part of an "Innovative Project for Youth" (PIA) launched by the State in 2015, the implementation of this programme also corresponds to the transfer of competence, from the department to the Metropolis, of the Youth Support Fund (FAJ) following the NOTRE law in 2015. In this context, the study of the territorial effects of the PIA is stimulating in the light of the literature in political science and planning on the recomposition of public action under the effect of territorial reforms on the one hand, and the multiplication of calls for projects and short-lived programmes on the other. We thus wonder to what extent the arrival of a programme of experimentation launched by the State leads metropolitan actors to “make territory" in the field of social action and youth? To do this, we are developing an original methodological approach, combining social network mapping and geographic mapping. The results make it possible to highlight the ability of metropolitan institutions to take advantage of the opportunities presented to them to organize and structure a youth strategy, even though they do not have the youth expertise. However, the short time frame of the experimental programme does not make it possible to "make territory", as the network of actors, actions and young people affected by these actions are not sufficiently integrated at the metropolitan level., Ce travail s’inscrit dans l’évaluation du projet PIA porté par la Métropole européenne de Lille (MEL), entrant dans un programme d’expérimentations menées en faveur de la jeunesse lancé par l’État en 2015. Sa mise en œuvre correspond aussi au transfert de compétence du fonds d’aide aux jeunes du département à la MEL à la suite de la loi NOTRe en 2015. Nous nous demandons ici dans quelle mesure sa mise en œuvre amène les acteurs métropolitains à « faire territoire » dans le champ de l’action sociale et de la jeunesse. Nous développons une approche combinant cartographie des réseaux sociaux et cartographie géographique. Nos résultats mettent en avant la capacité de la MEL à structurer une stratégie en matière de jeunesse alors même qu’elle ne dispose pas de la compétence jeunesse. Reste que la temporalité courte du programme ne permet pas de faire territoire, tant le réseau d’acteurs, les actions et jeunes touchés ne s’inscrivent pas suffisamment à l’échelle métropolitaine.
- Published
- 2020
45. Reconstruction de l'évolution temporelle de la puissance thermique dégagée par un foyer d'incendie par une méthode d'optimisation
- Author
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MOLE-ANTONIAZZA, Renato, Institut universitaire des systèmes thermiques industriels (IUSTI), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Aix-Marseile Université, Fabien Candelier, Olivier Vauquelin (co-directeur), Jean Luc Paillat (co-encadrant), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU), and MOLE-ANTONIAZZA, Renato
- Subjects
Source term ,Incendie ,Terme source ,[SPI.MECA.THER]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Mechanics [physics.med-ph]/Thermics [physics.class-ph] ,Optimization method ,Méthode d'optimisation ,Fire ,CFD ,Experiments ,Expérimentations ,[SPI.MECA.THER] Engineering Sciences [physics]/Mechanics [physics.med-ph]/Thermics [physics.class-ph] - Abstract
This thesis falls in the field of fire sciences and finds its applications in fire safety engineering and in fire investigation. In these two fields of application, using numerical simulation is more and more a common task. To carry out these simulations, the prescription of the source term of the fire (i.e. what burned) is a crucial element. Here, we propose a method which allows a source term(temporal evolution of the heat release rate and spatial extension) to be characterized from indirect physicalmeasurements that are simple to perform, such as for example temperaturemeasurements at given points in the nearby vicinity of the fire. This method involves algorithms commonly used in optimization problems and is based on the use of a CFD code (Fire Dynamics Simulator). The idea is to adjust at different times in the simulation an input data, in this case the heat release rate of the fire, in order to minimize the difference, at a later time, between the simulated quantities and the same quantities measured experimentally.In order to validate our approach, real scale experiments were carried out, involving a gas burner (whose heat release rate evolution over time is imposed). The method was then used to characterize fire of increasing complexity : pool fire, wood pallets fire, and vehicle fire.Beyond the initial objective of numerically reconstructing the temporal evolution of a fire source in its real environment, this method turns out to be also an interesting alternative to experimental techniques, such as the real-scale calorimeter, usually used to characterize the heat release rate emitted by a fire., Cette thèse s’inscrit dans le domaine des sciences du feu et trouve ses applications dans l’Ingénierie de la Sécurité Incendie (ISI) et de l’expertise post-incendie. Dans ces deux domaines d’application, le recours à la simulation numérique est de plus en plus courant. Pour réaliser ces simulations, la prescription du terme source de l’incendie (i.e. ce qui a brûlé) constitue un élément crucial.Nous proposons ici une méthode permettant de caractériser un terme source (évolution temporelle du dégagement de chaleur et extension spatiale) à partir de mesures physiques indirectes simples à réaliser, telles que par exemple celles de la température en certains points de l’environnement proche du foyer. Elle fait appel aux algorithmes couramment employés dans les problèmes d’optimisation et s’appuie sur l’utilisation d’un code CFD (Fire Dynamics Simulator). L’idée est d’ajuster à différents instants dans le code de calcul une donnée d’entrée, en l’occurrencela puissance du foyer, afin de minimiser l’écart, à un instant ultérieur, entre les grandeurs simulées et les mêmes grandeurs mesurées expérimentalement.Pour valider notre approche, des expériences ont été réalisées à l’échelle réelle, impliquant des foyers étalons (i.e. dont l’évolution temporelle de la puissance est imposée). La méthode a ensuite été employée pour caractériser des foyers de complexité croissante : feu de bacs d’hydrocarbure en milieu ouvert, feu de palettes de bois, et feu de voiture.Au-delà de l’objectif initial visant à reconstruire numériquement l’évolution temporelle d’un terme source dans son environnement réel, cette méthode se présente également comme une alternative intéressante aux techniques expérimentales, telles que la hotte calorimétrique, habituellement utilisées pour caractériser la puissance émise par un foyer.
- Published
- 2020
46. MARIS : Modélisation et Analyse des Risques d'une espèce invasive dans le contexte du changement climatique
- Author
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Delmotte, Sebastien, Gonzalez, Maya, Arrignon, Florent, MAD-Environnement, Bordeaux Sciences Agro [Gradignan], Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Agronomiques de Bordeaux-Aquitaine (Bordeaux Sciences Agro), and GBONSOU, Moriaque Gaël
- Subjects
[SDE] Environmental Sciences ,[SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics] ,[SPI] Engineering Sciences [physics] ,Espèce invasive ,Analyse des Risques ,Système complexe ,[SDE]Environmental Sciences ,Expérimentations ,Modélisation dynamique - Abstract
International audience; Cette communication illustre l'approche globale adoptée dans le projet ANR MARIS et fondée sur la complémentarité des approches expérimentales, de modélisation spatialement explicite, d'analyse de risques et d'enquêtes sociologiques.
- Published
- 2020
47. Vers une co-production de l’habitat au sein des espaces périurbains, entre exploration et régulation : les apprentissages de deux démarches entre Nantes et Saint-Nazaire
- Author
-
Kévin Chesnel, Centre de recherche nantais Architectures Urbanités (CRENAU ), Ambiances, Architectures, Urbanités (AAU), École Centrale de Nantes (ECN)-École nationale supérieure d'architecture de Nantes (ENSA Nantes)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École nationale supérieure d'architecture de Grenoble (ENSAG ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-École Centrale de Nantes (ECN)-École nationale supérieure d'architecture de Nantes (ENSA Nantes)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École nationale supérieure d'architecture de Grenoble (ENSAG ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), and Réseau RAMAU
- Subjects
Habitat ,[SHS.ARCHI]Humanities and Social Sciences/Architecture, space management ,Experimentations ,[SHS.SOCIO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Sociology ,Housing ,Periurban ,Périurbain ,Expérimentations - Abstract
National audience; Les démarches de co-production de l’habitat au sein des territoires périurbains font florès : Idées d’habitat pour un idéal habité, Habitat périurbain, Premier réinventer rural, Démonstrateurs pour l’habitat individuel. Ces démarches se caractérisent par une double hétérogénéité à la fois des objectifs et des acteurs à mobiliser. Elles cherchent à dépasser des logiques sectorielles en aménagement en les interrogeant de manière transversale dans des situations périurbaines où l’habitat – à dominante individuel- est produit selon des logiques séquentielles et privées.Dans ce cadre, comm ent les acteurs publics concernent, agrègent et coordonnent tout le monde ? Quels effets observent on sur les professionnels ? A partir de la mise en discussion de deux cas d’expérimentations –entre Nantes et Saint-Nazaire- proposant un renouvellement des méthodes (Ateliers, workshops), cette communication vise à identifier et analyser les dispositifs mis en place dans le cadre du concernement et de la coopération entre acteurs. Si le mode projet domine les modalités de production de la ville, nous faisons l’hypothèse que ces dispositifs révèlent une logique d’action expérimentale, s’instaurant comme un nouvel horizon pour l’aménagement, mais aussi une fabrique de l’expertise en régime exploratoire. Notre analyse s’appuie sur une observation participante et des entretiens avec les équipes projets. D’un point de vue théorique, nous nous inscrivons dans une approche pragmatique de la fabrique urbaine privilégiant une entrée par les situations d’interactions révélant une mise à l’agenda des enjeux de l’expérimentation. De plus, l’articulation entre enjeu de mobilisation d’acteurs variés et réalisation de projets expérimentaux nous renvoi aux travaux de sociologie de la traduction et nous invite à mettre l’accent sur les réseaux d’interactions ainsi que sur le rôle des intermédiaires et notamment des non-humains dans la mise en relation des acteurs et leur coordination. Si les dynamiques observées s’inscrivent dans le cadre d’actions collectives, elles s’organisent moins en réseaux sociotechniques que socio-politiques autour de programme d’actions publiques ce pourquoi nous mobiliserons plutôt des travaux de politistes. Ainsi, le premier temps identifie le passage d’une logique de condamnation du développement résidentiel périurbain à une logique de renouvellement des cadres d’actions orientés vers la construction de méthodologies expérimentales mobilisant une diversité d’acteurs. Le second temps décline les dispositifs d’actions organisationnels et cognitifs mobilisés pour publiciser et intéresser les acteurs, entre continuité et transformation. Enfin, la dernière partie décline les dispositifs d’actions visant à diffuser, articuler et évaluer les programmes d’actions dans une logique de prolongement des expérimentations.
- Published
- 2020
48. Optimization algorithms for graph layout problems
- Author
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Ren, Jintong, Laboratoire d'Etudes et de Recherche en Informatique d'Angers (LERIA), Université d'Angers (UA), Université d'Angers, and Jin-Kao Hao
- Subjects
Problèmes de disposition des graphes ,[INFO.INFO-DS]Computer Science [cs]/Data Structures and Algorithms [cs.DS] ,Graph layout problems ,Local search ,Metaheuristics ,Computational experiments ,Recherche locale ,Expérimentations - Abstract
This thesis considers two graph layout problems: the cyclic bandwidth problem (CBP) and the minimum linear arrangement problem (MinLA). The CBP is a natural extension of the bandwidth minimization problem (BMP) and the MinLA is a min-sum problem. These problems are widely applied in the real life. Since they are NP-hard problems, it is computational difficult to solve them in the general case. Therefore, this thesis is dedicated to developing effective heuristic algorithms to deal with these challenging problems.Specifically, we introduce two iterated local search algorithms, a memetic algorithm with different recombination operators for the CBP and a set based neighborhood heuristic algorithm to solve the MinLA. The two iterated local search algorithms are experimentallydemonstrated to be able to compete favourably with state-of-the-art methods, the feature of a suitable crossover for the memetic algorithm is identified for the CBP and the set based neighborhood heuristic algorithm is proven to be more efficient than the traditional 2-flip neighborhood algorithm.; Cette thèse considère deux problèmes de disposition des graphes : le problème de la bande passante cyclique (CBP) et le problème de l’agencement linéaire minimum (MinLA). Le CBP est une extension naturelle du problème de minimisation de la bande passante (BMP) et le MinLA est un problème de somme minimale. Ces problèmes sont largement appliqués dans la vie réelle. Puisqu’ils sont NP-difficile, il est difficile de les résoudre dans le cas général. Par conséquent, cette thèse est consacrée au développement d’algorithmes heuristiques efficaces pour faire face à ces problèmes. Plus précisément, nous introduisons deux algorithmes de recherche locale itétée, un algorithme mémétique avec différents opérateurs de recombinaison pour le CBP et une heuristique de voisinage basée sur un ensemble pour résoudre le MinLA. On montre expérimentalement que pour le CBP, les deux algorithmes de recherche locale itéré pouvaient concurrencer favorablement les méthodes de l’état de l’art, le croisement approprié est identifié pour l’algorithme mémétique. On montre également que pour le MinLA, l’heuristique de voisinage basée sur l’ensemble s’est avérée plus efficace que des algorithmes avec voisinage traditionnel à 2-flip.
- Published
- 2020
49. Algorithmes d’optimisation pour deux problèmes de disposition des graphes
- Author
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Ren, Jintong, Laboratoire d'Etudes et de Recherche en Informatique d'Angers (LERIA), Université d'Angers (UA), Université d'Angers, Jin-Kao Hao, and STAR, ABES
- Subjects
Problèmes de disposition des graphes ,[INFO.INFO-DS]Computer Science [cs]/Data Structures and Algorithms [cs.DS] ,Graph layout problems ,Local search ,[INFO.INFO-DS] Computer Science [cs]/Data Structures and Algorithms [cs.DS] ,Metaheuristics ,Computational experiments ,Recherche locale ,Expérimentations - Abstract
This thesis considers two graph layout problems: the cyclic bandwidth problem (CBP) and the minimum linear arrangement problem (MinLA). The CBP is a natural extension of the bandwidth minimization problem (BMP) and the MinLA is a min-sum problem. These problems are widely applied in the real life. Since they are NP-hard problems, it is computational difficult to solve them in the general case. Therefore, this thesis is dedicated to developing effective heuristic algorithms to deal with these challenging problems.Specifically, we introduce two iterated local search algorithms, a memetic algorithm with different recombination operators for the CBP and a set based neighborhood heuristic algorithm to solve the MinLA. The two iterated local search algorithms are experimentallydemonstrated to be able to compete favourably with state-of-the-art methods, the feature of a suitable crossover for the memetic algorithm is identified for the CBP and the set based neighborhood heuristic algorithm is proven to be more efficient than the traditional 2-flip neighborhood algorithm., Cette thèse considère deux problèmes de disposition des graphes : le problème de la bande passante cyclique (CBP) et le problème de l’agencement linéaire minimum (MinLA). Le CBP est une extension naturelle du problème de minimisation de la bande passante (BMP) et le MinLA est un problème de somme minimale. Ces problèmes sont largement appliqués dans la vie réelle. Puisqu’ils sont NP-difficile, il est difficile de les résoudre dans le cas général. Par conséquent, cette thèse est consacrée au développement d’algorithmes heuristiques efficaces pour faire face à ces problèmes. Plus précisément, nous introduisons deux algorithmes de recherche locale itétée, un algorithme mémétique avec différents opérateurs de recombinaison pour le CBP et une heuristique de voisinage basée sur un ensemble pour résoudre le MinLA. On montre expérimentalement que pour le CBP, les deux algorithmes de recherche locale itéré pouvaient concurrencer favorablement les méthodes de l’état de l’art, le croisement approprié est identifié pour l’algorithme mémétique. On montre également que pour le MinLA, l’heuristique de voisinage basée sur l’ensemble s’est avérée plus efficace que des algorithmes avec voisinage traditionnel à 2-flip.
- Published
- 2020
50. Visionary Architecture
- Author
-
FRANCESCA SIBILIO
- Subjects
contemporary ,experimentations ,idealization - Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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