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Feeding on crude oil and activator in porous medium, microbes remain active on the Oil-water interface under simulated reservoir conditions. At the same time, microbes degrade the residual oil and change the wettability of pore wall. Consequently, the displacement exhibits a decrease of 51.86% in membrane residual oil and an increase of 17.44% in recovery compared with water flooding. The Geobacillus stearothermophilus producing bio-emulsifier and its metabolic products can effectively emulsify reservoir crude oil and reduce the oil-water interfacial tension. In the end and the formed emulsion featured high viscosity can improve the oil flow rate and expanded wave volume of injected fluid. Correspondingly, the cluster-like, columnar residual oil were reduced by 64%, 68% respectively. In the micro porous test cell, the in-situ cultured microbes rely on specific life activities (interfacial tropism and in situ metabolism, etc.) to strip the residual oil off the wall of orifice deep inside the blind-ends, which cannot be achieved by the exogenous injection method. After the in-situ microbial culture process, the residual oil in deep blind-ends was reduced by about 47%, and the recovered oil was increased about 15% compared with exogenous injection method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on a multisectors approach, this document set upaggregated restricted social accounting matrix of 10villages in Mexico. This paper, analyze the effects of anexogenous increase in the product equivalent to 100 pesosper capita onto the rural households’ income and reducingpoverty. Furthermore migration and the salaried work therural households perform five productivity activities:commercial agriculture, livestock, staple crops, forestry andfirewood gathering, and commerce and services. On thebasis of three simulations we are to obtain that the impacton the income and reduction of poverty of the ruralhouseholds of an external injection depends of the activityto which it is applied; the dimension of the accountingmultipliers depends on the participation and of the linkagesof each activity on the local and external economy. The results show that the commerce and services (1.75 to 2.28), staple crops (1.36 to 2.21), and livestock (1.36 to 1.84)present the largest multiplier effects.