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Substantiation and development of technology elements for obtaining a sustainable productivity of lupine grain is an important and urgent task for expanding the area under this grain crop. There have been considered the study results of the effect of fertilizers ‘Aquamix ST’, ‘Metaborat Kaliya’, ‘Tiaton’ on productivity and grain quality of white lupine. The study was carried out at the All-Russian Research Institute of Lupine – a branch of the FWRC FPA, in the soil and climatic conditions of the southwestern part of the Non-Chernozem zone in 2018-2019. The purpose of the current study was to estimate the efficiency of these innovative micro- and macrofertilizers and the methods of their application on a number of indicators that improve productivity and grain quality of white lupine. The application of fertilizers ‘Aquamix ST’ and ‘Metaborat Kaliya’ contributed to an increase of white lupine grain productivity on 37.5 and 35.4%. There has been determined protein increase from 5.0 to 5.8% in grain of the white lupine variety ‘Piligrim’ in all application variants of ‘Aquamix ST’. The use of ‘Aquamix ST’ and ‘Metaborat Kaliya’ in the vegetation period of plants reduced alkaloid content of lupine grain on 24.7-34.6%. Application of ‘Aquamix ST’ and ‘Metaborat Kaliya’ in white lupine budding stage increased carotene content in grain on 34.3 and 25.0%, respectively. The analysis of the data showed that the variant including pre-seeding treatment with ‘Aquamix ST’ and subsequent treatment in the budding stage of plants was characterized by the maximum amount of lysine and carotene. There was noted that the application of micro- and macrofertilizers resulted in an increase in feed units and digestible protein. Application of ‘Aquamix ST’, including pre-seeding treatment and two treatments in the vegetation period of plants provided the largest yield of digestible protein (1.26 t/ha), 6.0 t/h of feed units, and 54.8 GJ/ha of exchangeable energy. ‘Metaborat Kaliya’, used in the treatment of plants in their budding phase, showed almost the same results. The options that combined high productivity with high grain quality were more valuable according their feed value.

Annual and perennial grasses are important not only as a source of green fodder, hay, silage, grass meal and haylage in feed production, but also as good forecrops, due to the ability to accumulate biological nitrogen in the soil (since it decreases the cost of mineral fertilizers), to disinfect the soil from micro zoo pests, to improve the physical condition of the soil (since it decreases soil density). Perennial grasses are also an important component of biologized crop rotations, since the amount of crop residues remaining in the soil after harvesting is several times greater than after winter crops. The field trials were conducted in 2009–2016 by the staff of the laboratory of row crop cultivation technology of the FSBSI “Agricultural Research Center “Donskoy”. The experimental plot is located in the southern soil-climatic zone of the Rostov region (with insufficient and unstable moisture). The soil of the experimental plot is ordinary heavy loamy chernozem on loesslike loams, with 3.2% humus, neutral pH, and a high content of movable phosphorus and exchange potassium according to Machigin. The current paper has presented a bioenergetic estimation of grain (4-crop rotation sequence with annual grasses included) and biologized (8-crop rotation sequence with 25% perennial grasses) crop rotations. It has been established that nutrients’ amount per 1 ha of crop rotation area of biologized crop rotation is higher than in grain crop rotation on 22% of dry matter, on 40% of raw protein and on 39% of metabolic energy. Energy consumption per 1 kg of raw protein is lower on 27%.

The production of food for people and fodder for animals, their quality and quantity must be guaranteed in any economic situation as it provides security of the country. In the south ofRussiathe efficient fodder production becomes impossible without a versatile use and increase of the arable lands for the main fodder crop alfalfa. In the field trials of ARRIGC after I.G. Kalinenko we carried out study of green chop, dry matter and fodder value of the alfalfa hay variety ‘Rostovskaya90’according to the time of cutting. The variety ‘Rostovskaya90’was introduced into the State List of the breeding achievements and accepted to the State Variety Testing as a standard variety in the North-Caucasus region. In the experiment the time of cutting were connected with the main vegetation phases of alfalfa, i.e. stem formation, bud formation and blooming. The alfalfa plants of the variety ‘Rostovskaya90’which were cut in different time differed a lot in a plant height, leaf formation, productivity of green chop and dry matter, contents of raw protein, fiber, fodder units and exchangeable energy in dry matter, the amount of nutrients per hectare. The productivity of green chop and dry matter in the period of cutting and at the early stages of stem and bud formation had a slight difference. The largest differences in the productivity increase were seen during the cutting at the beginning of blooming. The productivity of ‘Rostovskaya90’naturally increased in the period from stem formation to the beginning of blooming and on average produced 15.2, 22.6, 27.1 and 27.3 t/ha of green chop during the first cutting and 9.8, 12.5, 14.1 and 13.8 t/ha during the second cutting. The productivity of dry matter was 2.1, 3.5, 6.8 and 6.2 t/ha during the first cutting and 1.3, 2.4, 3.4 and 3.1 t/ha during the second cutting. The largest productivity of green mass and dry matter was obtained at the beginning of blooming. On average during the years of study the amount of raw protein in the plant was the largest in the period of stem formation both during the first cutting (25.24%) and during the second one (24.11%). In the period of full blooming the index significantly reduced and was 16.3% during the first cutting and 17.09% during the second one. The similar regularity was seen with exchangeable energy and fodder units per kg of dry matter. During the stem formation there was 0.94f.u. in one kg of dry matter during the first cutting and 0.91f.u. during the second one. The content of exchangeable energy was 10.76 and 10.51 MJ respectively. During the full blooming the content of exchangeable energy in dry matter and fodder units was 8.63 MJ and 0.56f.u. during the first cutting; and 8.21 MJ and0.52 f.u. during the second one. The decrease of fodder value is caused by the increase of fiber contents in the plants. During the full blooming it significantly surpassed the quantity required for cattle. The fodder amount of alfalfa, cut during the period of stem and bud formation, allows yielding the fodder with 0.84 –0.94 f.u. and 10.05 – 10.76 MJ in one kg of dry matter. The largest yield of fodder units (5304 and 2846), raw protein (1457 and792 kg) and exchangeable energy (64260 and 30838 MJ) per one hectare was noticed at the beginning of blooming both during the first cutting of green mass of alfalfa and during the second one.

The share of concentrated forage is constantly increasing in the forage balance of the country. The main kind of grain used in husbandry feeding is wheat and it places high demands on soil fertility. Thus the use of such grain crop as triticale is of great importance. It produces stable yields that surpass wheat yields on 25-45% under similar growing conditions. The prime cost of triticale production is on 1.4-1.7% less in comparison with the initial parent forms and barley. Triticale being a hybrid of rye and wheat, inherited not only positive but also negative traits (presence of anti-nutritious substances) that hinders its use in animal feeding. The article gives the results of the study of triticale use instead of barley in the feeding of lactating (dairy) cows. The experiments have been carried out on black-motley cows chosen as similar pairs and divided into two groups with 12 of them each. The animals of the control group received barley bran and the animals of the experimental group received bran of winter triticale of the variety 'Doktrina 110' in the amount of5.5 kgper head a day. There were no other differences in the rations of the animal feeding. The amount of raw protein in the experimental group was higher than that in the control group. It depended on its larger content in triticale (14.5%) than in wheat (11.1%). The replacement of barley on triticale in the ration of lactating cows did not affect greatly on digestion of dry matter, raw oil, but promoted the increase of digestion of raw protein on 5.5%, raw fiber on 1.8% and organic substance on 1.2%. The balance of nitrogen in the control group was negative and in the experimental group it was positive. The replacement of barley on triticale in the ration of lactating cows promoted the increase of average daily milk of natural fat on 7.5% and the decrease of use of dry matter, exchangeable energy and concentrated forage per one kg of milk.

The research was conducted in 2011-2015 in Kirov region. Three-time cutting use of trefoil-timothy mix while harvesting at branching, bud formation and flowering stages of trefoil development had been planned. Possibility of durable (up to 5 years) growing of this grass mixture has been established. The productivity of lotus-timothy grass mixture depended largely on weather conditions. Under favorable weather conditions of 2012 the productivity of lotus-timothy grass mixture reached 115.4 GJ/ha; under dry conditions of 2013 it was lower than 41.8 GJ/ha. The best mode of grass mixture use is two-cutting at the first and the second hay cutting harvesting at lotus flowering stage when output of exchangeable energy equals to 65.3 GJ/ha in average for 2...5 years of life; as a variant - the first hay cutting - at flowering stage, the second one - at budding stage - 69.5 GJ/ha. Productivity of grass mixture was significantly lower at early harvesting of the first and the second hay cutting; the same is true for three-cutting use in some years. Meadow timothy as a moisture-loving crop fell out of the grass stand by the fourth year of life because of drought in all variants of the experiment. Infestation of crops with dandelion was marked since the fourth year of life in all variants of the experiment; its portion in the yield increased by the fifth year of life; the least infestation was noted in variants with two-cutting mode use.

He nutritional value of grain sorghum Grain sorghum is an ecologically adaptive, heat and drought resistant culture. Sorghum grain is good concentrated forage for domestic animals and poultry which has a positive effect on their growing and development and produces high yields and good quality of husbandry products. The purpose of the work is to determine the content of exchangeable energy and fodder units in sorghum kernels in the process of feeding of different animals and birds. The objects of the study were 307 collection samples and varieties of grain sorghum developed by FSBSI ARRIGC named after I.G. Kalinenko, namely ‘Khazine 28’, ‘Zernogradskoe 53’, ‘Luchistoe’, ‘Orlovskoe’, ‘Velikan’, ‘Zernogradskoe 88’. The conducted study has showed that sorghum grain with 189 f.u. (min=187 f.u., max=193 f.u.) is the most nutritional one for poultry. Grain with 176-181 f.u. (average=178 f.u.) per 100 kg is the best for pig raising and grain with 124 f.u. is the best for cattle breeding. The forage produced from sorghum grain possessed the least nutrition in feeding sheep (120 f.u. (min=118 f.u., max=123 f.u.)). According to the study, it has been established that 100kg of sorghum grain contain 1491-1523 mJ (average=1507 mJ) of exchangeable energy in feeding poultry; 1457-1484 mJ (average=1472 mJ) in feeding pigs; 1282-1309 mJ (average=1295 mJ) in feeding sheep and 1264-1286 mJ (average=1276 mJ) in feeding cattle. Among the grain sorghum varieties developed in ARRIGC named after I.G. Kalinenko and approved to use, the white kernelled varieties ‘Velikan’ and ‘Zernogradskoe 88’ possess the largest nutritional value. The content of fodder units and exchangeable energy of these varieties is 123-193 f.u. and 1291-1529 mJ in dependence of the kinds of domestic animals.

The article considers the study results of the sainfoin variety ‘Sudar’, introduced into the State List of Breeding Achievements and approved to use in the North-Caucasus region and the sainfoin variety ‘Shuravi’, sent to the State Variety Testing in the same year. The productivity of both new sainfoin varieties largely depended on the conditions in the period of sowing. During the first cycle of sowing the variety ‘Sudar’ produced 27.4 t/ha of green chop, the variety ‘Shuravi’ produced 29.4 t/ha, that exceeded the standard on 7.8% and 15.7% respectively. On average during two cycles of sowing the standard variety ‘Zernogradsky 2’ produced 27.9 t/ha of green chop, the variety ‘Sudar’ 30.8 t/ha and ‘Shuravi’ produced 31.5 t/ha. On average during two cycles of sowing the variety ‘Sudar’ produced 7.68 t/ha of dry matter and the variety ‘Shuravi’ produced 8.32 t/ha that is on 14% and 23% higher than of the standard variety. The variety ‘Sudar’’s productivity of seeds was 0.75 t/ha, that is on 27% higher than of the standard variety. The variety ‘Shuravi’’s productivity of seeds was 0.80 t/ha, that is on 36% higher than of the standard variety. The comparison of biochemical composition of vegetative mass of sainfoin varieties showed that the largest significant differences among new sainfoin varieties and the standard variety occurred in the content of protein and ash. The study of forage value of the sainfoin varieties established that these varieties exceed the standard variety in the amount of fodder units per hectare, amount of raw and digestible protein and ash. The variety ‘Shuravi’ surpasses the variety ‘Sudar’ in all these traits and in the amount of gross exchangeable energy as well. The leaching of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium differed through the cycles among the varieties. The standard variety ‘Zernogradsky 2’ leached 174.5-212.1 kg/ha of nitrogen, 39.5-47.7 kg/ha of phosphorus and 100.3-123.3 kg/ha of potassium. The varieties ‘Sudar’ and ‘Shuravi’ exceed the standard on 15-30% in nitrogen leaching, on 14-27% in phosphorus leaching and on 15-28% in potassium leaching. The variety ‘Shuravi’ showed the largest leaching of the elements. The use of vegetative mass of sainfoin varieties as green fertilizer mixed with a ton of dry matter can supply the soil with 28.7-32.9 g/ha of nitrogen, 6.5-7.2 kg/ha of phosphorus and 16.5-18.7 kg/ha of potassium.

Sweet sorghum is used for silage, grass flour, hay and grain haylage, green fertilizing and grazing. Now the Agricultural Research Center ‘Donskoy’ developing varieties and hybrids of sweet sorghum for forage with reduced amount of fiber and increased amount of protein in dry matter of green chop. The purpose of the work is to give economic-and-biological characteristics and evaluation of economic efficiency of cultivation of sorghum varieties and hybrids developed in ARC ‘Donskoy’, and to study nutritional value of sorghum forage. The researches were carried out in ARC ‘Donskoy’ in 2014-2016. The objects of the study were three varieties ‘Zernogradsky Yantar’, ‘Debyut’ and ‘Listvenit’, a new variety ‘SV-44’ and three hybrids of grain sorghum ‘Zersil’, ‘Elisey’ and ‘Start’. The green chop productivity of the varieties ranged from 38 to 49 t/ha, the green chop productivity of the hybrids ranged from 51 to 58 t/ha. The content of dry matter in the green chop of the varieties and hybrids varied from 32.6 to 35.5%, the content of raw protein varied from 7.2 to 7.7%, the content of fiber varied from 37.7 to 39.6%.Green chop for silage obtained from sweet sorghum possesses highest nutritional value at swine feeding. Dry matter of green chop obtained from the variety ‘Debyut’ and the hybrid ‘Start’ possessed the largest content of fodder units (122.4 kg and 122.3 kg respectively) and exchangeable energy (1327 MJ and 1336 MJ respectively). All the varieties and hybrids of sweet sorghum meet the requirements in amount of digestible protein (105-110 g). The largest amount of digestible protein per fodder unit was seen in green chop of the hybrids ‘Elisey’ and ‘Start’ (138 g and 135 g respectively).