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This research aimed to find out the influence of students’ interests in choosing the mechanical engineering vocational program. The research method used was descriptive quantitative. The population in this study were all Grade X students in Yogyakarta which total number were 180 respondents. The data collecting technique was using questionnaires which then was analyzed using descriptive analysis and regression. The results of this study were (1) Students’ interests in choosing mechanical engineering vocational program was high. (2) There was a positive and significant influence from students’ own understanding, family, school, and society towards students’ interests in choosing the mechanical engineering vocational program, (3) The four variables, together, have positive and significant influences towards vocational high school students’ interests in choosing the mechanical engineering vocational program in Yogyakarta..

M (Environmental Management), North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus The Section 24G administrative fine which provides for the ex post facto authorisation of illegal development is unique to South Africa since it is enacted into legislation. This retrospective authorisation is seldomly practised internationally except in South Africa, India, Papua New Guinea and Lesotho. In India, the instruction only comes as a directive by which is given time frames and is only applicable to certain activities. In Lesotho, it is only done for projects that have already untaken the Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) and such a directive will be from the government, whereas in South Africa it is applicable to all the listed or specified activities for which authorisation should have been obtained prior to the commencement of the activity. In all the countries, this has been controversial and being challenged as it is viewed that it undermines the purpose of the EIA. South Africa has a plethora of environmental management legislation, which is used to manage and conserve the environment. Over and above the legislation, environmental impact assessment (EIA) is one of the environmental assessment tools used and adopted internationally to manage the environmental impacts. It has its own challenges but still comes out to be one of the widely accepted and used tools worldwide. In South Africa things started to change when amendments for Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) regulations of Environment Conservation Act, no. 73 of 1989 were effected to introduce the National Environmental Management Act, No. 107 of 1998, which requires the calculator. The administrative fine is determined by using a prescribed administrative calculator. The calculator was never published, and it was criticised as the developers alleged that the competent authorities are not consistent when determining the quantum fines. In addressing such criticism, the Minister of Environmental Affairs publicised the calculator in July 2017 to enable the stakeholders to make meaningful inputs in determining the administrative fines. Drawing from this, the study aims at critically analysing the NEMA S24G administrative fine calculator. To achieve the study’s aim, the study evaluated the use of S24G calculator, assessed challenges experienced using the fine calculator, and finally investigated ways that can be used to improve the fine calculator. The study adopted the qualitative research approach embedded within the interpretivism research tradition. Competent Authorities (CAs) and Environmental Assessment Practitioners (EAPs) formed the basis of the population of the study and its sample thereof. Data was gathered using questionnaire from both CAs and EAPs, and the gathered data was analysed using thematic data analysis. This enabled the researcher to develop codes and to classify the findings. The findings of this study revealed that the competent authorities (CA) and the EAPs have adequate knowledge of EIA regulations and the application of fine calculator in Section 24G. The results further revealed that the application of a calculator is perceived to be an appropriate instrument in environmental management tools. It was recommended that there be a room to improve the calculator and expand some of the indexes, such as the pollution index, to take into consideration the cumulative impacts. Another noble suggestion was that the fine must take into consideration the profit made with the illegal activities and that be factored into the calculator. It was also recommended that a National Environmental Trust Fund (NETF) be considered as it would help realizing ‘the polluter pays’ principles and rehabilitation of impacted areas as contemplated in section 28 on NEMA. Finally, the weighting of the calculator should be investigated further to comprehend the weighting and the description of the variables. Masters

Jenis penelitian adalah ex post facto. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh metode Kumon terhadap hasil belajar matematika siswa kelas VII MTsN 2 Konkep tahun ajaran 2019/2020 dengan jumlah sampel penelitian 21 siswa. Teknik pengumpulan data yakni Observasi dan tes tertulis. Data yang dianalisis menggunakan regresi linier sederhana. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah terdapat pengaruh yang negatif antara Kumon terhadap hasil belajar matematika siswa dengan koefisien korelasi (𝑟) sebesar -0,437, artinya pengaruh metode Kumon terhadap hasil belajar matematika siswa termasuk dalam kategori negatif yang sedang dengan kontribusi metode Kumon dilihat pada koefisien determinasi sebesar 19,1% menyatakan besar pengaruh Kumon terhadap hasil belajar yang dapat dijelaskan selebihnya di luar penelitian. Metode Kumon juga mempengaruhi hasil belajar matematika siswa ditunjukkan dengan persamaan regresi Ŷ = 130,639 - 0,869 X. Koefisien X -0,420 menyatakan bahwa setiap, setiap kenaikan satu satuan skor metode Kumon maka akan diikuti dengan penurunan kemampuan hasil belajar matematika sebesar -0,869.

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mendeskripsikan pengaruh langsung dan tidak langsung phobia matematika, self-efficacy , Adversity Quotient dan motivasi berprestasi terhadap prestasi belajar matematika siswa kelas VII di Kabupaten Gowa. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian ex post facto . Subjek penelitian adalah 217 siswa SMP kelas VII yang berasal dari 8 sekolah di 8 kecamatan yang berbeda. Data dianalisis dengan metode analisis deskriptif dan analisis jalur dengan bantuan program pengolahan data statistik SPSS 21 dan AMOS. Selain itu dilakukan uji Sobel untuk menguji hipotesis variabel intervening. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan phobia matematika, self-efficacy , Adversity Quotient dan motivasi berprestasi memiliki pengaruh langsung dan tidak langsung terhadap prestasi belajar matematika siswa. Kata Kunci : ex post facto, phobia matematika, self-efficacy, Adversity Quotient, motivasi berprestasi, prestasi, analisis jalur The effect of math phobia, self-efficacy, adversity quotient and achievement motivation on mathematics learning achievement of junior high school students Abstract This research aimed to describe direct and indirect influences of mathematics phobia, self-efficacy, Adversity Quotient, and achievement motivation on student achievement of class VII in Gowa district. This research was an ex post facto research. The subjects were 217 junior high school students of class VII derived from eight schools in eight different districts. The data obtained were analyzed by using the descriptive analysis and path analysis with statistical data processing program SPSS and AMOS. Moreover, Sobel test was used to examine the hypothesis of intervening variables. The result showed math phobia, self-efficacy, Adversity Quotient and achievement motivation has a direct and indirect influence on students mathematics learning achievement. Keywords : ex post facto, math phobia, self-efficacy, Adversity Quotient, achievement motivation, achievement, path analysis

Introducción. ¿Cómo influye el acogimiento residencial en los menores en desamparo? Esta es la cuestión a la que intenta dar respuesta este trabajo partiendo de dos trabajos previos en los cuales se dibujan las dos perspectivas contrapuestas de abordar esta temática. En la primera investigación, los resultados muestran que la duración del acogimiento no perjudica a la integración social posterior, mientras que la segunda interpreta estos resultados de forma distinta.Método. Para ello, se han evaluado a través de distintos cuestionarios (BAS-1, BAS-3, EPC, Autoconcepto P-H, CBCL) variables como socialización, problemas de conducta y autoconcepto en una muestra de 182 menores entre 4 y 18 años de edad, sobre los que se ha tomado la medida del acogimiento residencial, realizándose un estudio ex post facto entre estas variables de edad y el tiempo institucionalizado.Resultados. El análisis estadístico muestra que la variable tiempo de acogimiento covaría de forma positiva con las variables: comportamientos agresivos y con problemas escolares y, negativamente, con la variable adaptación social. También aparece una mejora en la autoestima, aunque esta covariación es más débil.Discusión y Conclusión. De los resultados de la investigación puede concluirse que la estancia en régimen de acogida en un centro se relaciona con una peor adaptación social, en el aumento de problemas escolares y en la aparición de conductas disruptivas de carácter agresivo.

Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh kondisi keberagaman kemampuan guru Pendidikan Anak Usi Dini (PAUD) sebagai peserta Pendidikan dan Latihan Profesi Guru (PLPG). Dalam waktu yang sama mereka dihadapkan pada target yang sama, yaitu harus lulus uji kompetensi untuk mendapatkan legalitas sertifikasi sebagai pendidik profesional. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui keberhasilan PLPG dalam meningkatkan kompetensi akademik dan pedagogik guru. Populasi penelitian adalah semua guru PAUD peserta PLPG tahun 2013 dengan menggunakan metode ex post facto. Teknik analisis data menggunakan t-test. Hasil penelitian membuktikan bahwa pada tingkat signifikansi 95% ternyata PLPG dapat meningkatkan kompetensi pedagogik guru PAUD tetapi tidak berhasil untuk meningkatkan kompetensi akademik.Kata kunci: kompetensi akademik, kompetensi pedagogik, ex post facto, t-tes

La calidad de vida ha sido objeto de investigación en padecimientos crónicos, sin embargo no se considera por sí mismo el efecto de perder la salud, especialmente en el contexto de los padecimientos agudos. En Latinoamérica continúan siendo frecuentes, recurrentes y contribuyen de manera importante a las tasas de mortalidad. En el presente estudio se abordaron las diferencias en calidad de vida a partir de la condición crónica o aguda del padecimiento. Se utilizó el Inventario de Calidad de Vida y Salud (InCaViSa) que incluye áreas poco consideradas en la literatura como la interacción médico-paciente. Respondieron el inventario un total de 449 participantes divididos en tres grupos: enfermos crónicos, agudos y aparentemente sanos, como grupo de contraste. Los resultados revelaron propiedades psicométricas sólidas en el inventario y diferencias en Calidad de Vida entre los tres grupos, destacando las áreas relativas a la interacción con el médico, y preocupaciones. Se concluye que hay un efecto diferencial por la condición, en el que los padecimientos curables también impactan la calidad de vida. Quality of Life (QOL) has been a research subject in chronic diseases mainly. However, research on health loss is relatively scarce, especially in the realm of acute diseases, those in Latin American are frequent, recurrent, and increases notably the mortality burden. The present study evaluated the QOL differences by disease duration. Health Inventory (INCAVISA for its initials in Spanish) was used, including some variables unattended at literature as patientphysician interaction. A total of 449 participants separated in three groups defined by their type of health condition or status: chronic, acute or apparently healthy. Results revealed solid psychometrical properties of the Inventory as well as QOL differences among the three groups, specially patient-physician relationship related and concerns. Conclusions point out that exist a differential effect by condition and recoverable diseases also has an impact on QOL.

The present work of research was a study applied of type cases and controls with data prospective, carried out in the Hospital of support "San José"-Callao during the year 1995; in order to identify the maternal risk factors associated to the newborn (RN) with retardation of intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) and determine what would be the change in the study population, if the risk factor is controlled. The design was used for this purpose "Ex post facto" correlation type, which took a group of cases (A) and a group control (B). A total of 1863 births, of which 104 infants presented intrauterine growth delay, at a frequency of 5 were served. 58%, whose mothers were part of the study. After performing the respective verification of hypotheses is came to the conclusion that maternal risk factors associated with RN with IUGR are: Preconceptional: weight of the last child (0R = 9.80), age (OR = 2 99), degree of instruction (OR...) El presente trabajo de investigación fue un estudio aplicado de tipo casos y controles con datos prospectivos, realizado en el Hospital de Apoyo "San José"- Callao durante el año 1995; con el fín de identificar los factores de riesgo materno asociados al recién nacido (RN) con retardo de crecimiento intrauterino (RCIU) y determinar cuál sería el cambio en la población de estudio, si el factor de riesgo es controlado. Para tal efecto se usó el diseño "Ex post facto" tipo correlacional, en el que se tomó un grupo de casos (A) y un grupo control (B). Fueron atendidos un total de 1863 partos, de los cuales 104 recién nacidos presentaron retardo de crecimiento intrauterino, en una frecuencia de 5. 58%, cuyas madres formaron parte del estudio. Después de realizar la respectiva contrastación de las hipótesis se llegó a la conclusión de que los factores de riesgo materno asociados a RN con RCIU son: Preconcepcionales: Peso del último hijo (0R=9.80), edad ( OR=2. 99) , grado de instrucción ( OR=2. 67 ) , período intergenésico (0R=2.56), antecedente de aborto (0R=2.24), estado civíl (OR=2.08), procedencia (0R=2.03). Concepcionales: Indice placentario (0R=29.17), hemoglobina (0R=4.00), control prenatal (0R=03.64),hematocrito (0R=3.63), ganancia total de peso gestacional (0R=2.84). -7- Los factores de riesgo que al ser modificados producirían una disminución de los RN con RCIU son: Indice placentario, peso dltimo hijo, control prenatal, período intergenésico, hemoglobina, ganancia total de peso gestacional, edad, hematocrito, antecedentes de aborto, procedencia, estado civíl y grado de instrucción.

This Article contends that bankruptcy courts had no power to order the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) to allocate funds to trust fund taxes or non-trust fund taxes by granting designation orders ex post facto. It argues that Deer Park was wrong not just in extending the Energy Resources rule to a Chapter 11 bankruptcy liquidation case, but also by doing so ex post facto. It is suggested that the Energy Resources rule is properly applied only when the designation order is proposed before a Chapter 11 plan is approved or before the plan has been completed. This Article also suggests that Deer Park illustrates the limits and the weakness of Energy Resources rule which gives bankruptcy courts the discretion to allow or disallow proposed designations of tax payments to trust fund taxes or non-trust fund taxes. Designation orders of tax payments should not be allowed ex post facto or in liquidation plans, but should be restricted to true rehabilitation plans where the designation order is requested before the plan has failed, and the designation order of tax funds should apply only to future plan payments.

Examines the United States Supreme Court’s decision in Dobbert v. Florida. In Dobbert, Dobbert was convicted under a death penalty statute that the Court held unconstitutional. After the Florida Legislature changed the statute, Dobbert was convicted and sentenced to death again, this time under a constitutional statute. Dobbert appealed, claiming that this application of the new statute violated the ex post facto clause of the United States Constitution. The Court, in affirming Dobbert’s conviction, held that it did not.