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Copyright of Turcology Research is the property of Ataturk University Coordinatorship of Scientific Journals and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Promoting the teaching quality evaluation of curriculum ideology and politics is helpful for colleges and universities to carry out the fundamental mission of cultivating morality and educating people, strengthen the effectiveness of curriculum ideology and politics and stimulate teachers􀆳 main responsibility. Based on the whole process management of curriculum ideological and political teaching of specialized courses, this paper proposed the implementation process and effect evaluation system of "1+3+M" curriculum ideological and political teaching. Taking the course of Safety Law as an example, a comprehensive evaluation index system of ideological and political thinking for the course of Safety Law was constructed. By means of Delphi method, expert consultation and literature research, an evaluation table for the implementation of ideological and political thinking for the course of Safety Law was designed to refine the content and weight score of the evaluation index and divide four evaluation grade standards based on the evaluation results. Put forward the corresponding improvement suggestions. This method is straightforward, intuitive and easy to implement, which is conducive to identifying the weak links in the implementation process of the Civics of the Security Law course in colleges and universities. This, in turn, allows for the optimisation the teaching design, teaching process and teaching effect of the Civics of the course. Furthermore, it also provides useful references for the Civic Teaching and Evaluation of other professional courses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study is to verify the reliability and effectiveness of an educational psychology scale, which is explored by using the methods of literature, interview, questionnaire survey and mathematical statistics. The research object is the education psychology data of undergraduate students in local undergraduate colleges and universities.The data are collected and analyzed through the scale. The results show that the educational psychology scale contains six dimensions, including self-efficacy, learning motivation, hope trait, psychological resilience, physical self-esteem and emotional management, with a total of 27 items. The kmo sampling appropriateness of the scale is 0.800. The load of six dimensions in the total amount table is between 0.58 and 0.73. The fitting coefficient of each item of the structural model is between 0.45–0.73, and the correlation between each dimension and the total table is between 0.24–0.52. Scale cronbach's α The coefficient was 0.83 and the test-retest reliability was 0.90. The content validity of the scale ranged from 0.554 to 0.775. The scale has good reliability and validity, and can be used to evaluate undergraduate students' educational psychology.

The article describes the ways and means of expressing the evaluation of benefit in sentences that have two nouns in combination with a link in the predicative core. The place of utilitarian evaluation in the system of evaluative knowledge is determined. A scale of such evaluation “useful – harmless – indifferent – useless – harmful” is presented, and the identification of a neutral zone on it, formed by the value ‘indifferent’, is justified. The elements of the sentence with the utilitarian evaluation are identified, and the predominant representation of this evaluation in the link-substantive predicate is noted. The structure of the utilitarian evaluation of benefit in bisubstantive sentences is analyzed and described: the subject of evaluation, the subject of benefit or the subject of harm, the object of evaluation and the basis for evaluation, which coincides with the goal. The identification of the subject of harm is motivated. Productive grammatical means of expressing the utilitarian evaluation of benefit in bisubstantive sentences have been established. Cases of combining different subject types in this kind of sentences are characterized. Three groups of possible subjects of benefit were studied: a person (specific and abstract), a group of people (specific and abstract), animals as a special group in which the subjects of evaluation are always combined. The potential of utilitarian benefit evaluation compatibility with other types of evaluation is determined.

This study was designed considering the necessity of a questionnaire (validated on Romanian population and built after consulting the available papers on the subject) for evaluating the resilience of adolescents. It was focused on further developing the ARES ("Adolescents’ Resilience Evaluation Scale”, built in 2018 as a pilot-study, with 62 subjects). This new form (ARES-i25) includes new theoretical aspects, new items and it was completed by 423 subjects. Using factorial exploratory analysis, five factors (which explained 72,1% of the variance of resilience) were identified: tenacity and self-efficiency; self-confidence; learn from life experiences; rapid recovery after trauma; social and familial resources. The reliability was proven by its internal consistency (α= .83 on a general level, and subscales .71 .89), while its concurrent validity was proven by .05 .75 (comparing the results to those of BRS - Smith et al., 2008) thus proving the adequate psychometric qualities of the new form of ARES-i25. Future studies will focus on extending the sample and on applying ARES-i25 in other countries and creating programs for developing resilience.

Copyright of Journal of International Chinese Teaching is the property of Beijing Language & Culture University Press Co. Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Performance evaluation is one of the management processes in the organization, the results of which have a great impact on human resources policies. In the performance evaluation process, the nature of the evaluated phenomenon and the evaluation process are factors that create various types of uncertainty in the evaluation results and affect the accuracy and validity of the results. Since the common performance evaluation scales do not have the appropriate capability of modeling and dealing with uncertainty, in many cases the results obtained from these models have been evaluated as weak and invalid. Among the methods of dealing with uncertainty, the theory of evidence or the theory of belief functions is a suitable structure for gathering inconclusive opinions from evaluators and it can simultaneously face the uncertainty caused by the variability and uncertainty of the lack of knowledge. In this paper, a new way to get opinions from evaluators based on belief functions structure was presented and the advantages and improvements of the presented model were compared to the common metrics used in the performance evaluation process. The results of the implementation of the model in evaluating the performance of university lecturers showed that when simple and clear questions are used in evaluations, there is no significant difference between the results obtained from different evaluation methods. The advantages of the belief functions structure in the face of uncertainty can facilitate the possibility of expressing opinions for evaluators and improve the final results of the evaluation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main aim of this investigation was to determine the effect of high contextual interference (HCI) and low contextual interference (LCI) on motor learning of falling techniques. Thirty-five kinesiology students (21 males and 14 females; mean ± SD, age = 19.4 ± 0.69 years) were randomly assigned to the HCI or LCI practice group. The participants' task was to learn two judo falling techniques on both sides over 3 weeks. The two-way analysis of variance found no difference between LCI and HCI in the performance at the pretest, posttest, retention, and transfer. Both groups improved posttest and retention performance. Finally, differences were found for both groups between the falling performance in the posttest and the application test (except for the right yoko ukemi fall in the HCI). Lower application test scores led to the conclusion that the 3-week treatment was insufficient to reach the application level of the falling techniques. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Balikesir Health Sciences Journal / Balıkesir Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi is the property of Balikesir Health Sciences Journal (BAUN Health Sci J) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Cultivated land provides fundamental land-related resources, and its ecological security is, thus, an important means of protecting it. The ecological security of cultivated land has emerged as an important and challenging area of research in recent years. In this study, we summarize the progress in research on the evaluation of the ecological security of cultivated land through visual analysis. We review the concepts, characteristics, driving factors, scales and methods of evaluation, technologies, and simulations used in the relevant literature. The results show that while the relevant concept has been preliminarily established, research on the ecological security of cultivated land remains in its infancy, and comprehensive work on the subject is lacking. The Prevalent research has mainly focused on analyzing the current situation, but lacks a dynamic analysis of the driving mechanism of the ecological security of cultivated land based on simulations. This has made it difficult to understand the spatiotemporal mechanism of the ecological security of cultivated land. Future research in the area should discuss the complex driving mechanism of interactions between the social economy system and the ecological system and focus on an integrated model to assess its dynamic spatial and multi-scale characteristics of ecological security of cultivated land because this can inform the theory of protecting cultivated land and the design of plans for land use to mitigate global climate change.

The psychological factors, relationships with colleagues and the culture of the target language, play an active role in academic achievement. The main issue of this study is to determine the psychometric properties of the scale of these factors in learning Arabic for Iranian students at the undergraduate level. This study used the mixed exploratory sequential design. The initial items were designed in the form of a qualitative research and semi-structured interviews with specialists in teaching the Arabic language and literature and experts in educational psychology. The final form which contains (83) of items was determined. To ensure its validity and reliability, a sample of (100) students at undergraduate level was conducted through the official virtual educational spaces and the sampling method. Results: (83) essential items were selected based on the Lawshe criterion with (CVR) above (0.6), and the total (CVI), by using software (SPSS), was equal to (0.83) which is acceptable. The internal reliability of the scale was calculated through Cronbach's alpha, and all values were higher than (0.8), which indicates the internal reliability of the scale factors. The (CR) and the (AVE) of the scale factors were higher than (0.8) and (0.5) which Shows the scale’s convergent validity. (CCV) indicates a significant relationship between scale factors and averages of the research sample. In total, the final scale has (32) items with (64.22) of the variance of the total scale. Accordingly, the scale has the appropriate psychometric properties to determine the essential factors that affecting the academic achievement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study is to develop a valid and reliable measurement tool that will enable the teachers to evaluate the polyphonic choir curriculum taught in the 10th grade in Fine Arts High Schools. It has been determined in the field research that there is no measurement tool for the evaluation of the polyphonic choir curriculum. Considering the steps of scale development, "The Evaluation Scale of Polyphonic Choir Lesson Curriculum" was prepared in this study. Teachers working in Fine Arts High Schools throughout Turkey and conducting polyphonic choir lessons participated in the research. The evaluation scale was prepared by taking the opinions of 5 experts in the field of choir education. In the first part of the evaluation scale, the demographic information of the participants, and in the second part, questions about the evaluation of the polyphonic choir curriculum were included, and validity and reliability studies were carried out. First of all, factor analysis was performed during the validity phase of the study. Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin (KMO) sample adequacy and Barlett sphericity test were applied to test its suitability for factor analysis. Within the scope of the validity studies of the study, total item correlations were also calculated with exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). Cronbach's Alpha test statistic was taken into account in determining the reliability of the scale. According to the results obtained, the content validity of the scale items presented to the experts was found to be statistically significant. In the analysis of the validity and reliability of the scale items, it was determined that the validity and reliability of the items were high. In line with the results obtained, it can be said that the "Polyphonic Choir Lesson Curriculum Evaluation Scale" has validity and reliability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Research on music therapy for dementia has taken a variety of measures and has been slow to consolidate evidence. Examining the outcomes that are currently being investigated and the measures that have been used can be useful for future research on music therapy for dementia. Objectives: This study used cited original papers from a review in the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews to determine if there are items that should be measured or scales that should be used in conducting research on music therapy for dementia. The rating scales used and the outcomes examined were extracted. Method: We used Dodd’s criteria to identify (1) the outcome domains examined in music therapy for dementia, (2) the measures used, and (3) the measures capable of detecting significant intervention effects. Result: A search for reviews was conducted, and 7 systematic reviews (78 articles) were identified. Among them, 30 articles met the inclusion criteria. The 30 articles examined 18 of the 38 items in Dodd’s outcome categories, while 20 items were not examined, and 78 different survey methods were used. The items most frequently surveyed in the studies were psychiatric outcomes, cognitive functioning, and global quality of life general outcomes. Conclusions: We found that many studies investigated cognitive function, behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD), and quality of life; compared to BPSD, various types of rating scales were used for cognitive function. By standardizing the rating scales, we can contribute to the accumulation of evidence for music therapy for dementia.

The purpose of this study is to verify the reliability and effectiveness of an educational psychology scale, which is explored by using the methods of literature, interview, questionnaire survey and mathematical statistics. The research object is the education psychology data of undergraduate students in local undergraduate colleges and universities.The data are collected and analyzed through the scale. The results show that the educational psychology scale contains six dimensions, including self-efficacy, learning motivation, hope trait, psychological resilience, physical self-esteem and emotional management, with a total of 27 items. The kmo sampling appropriateness of the scale is 0.800. The load of six dimensions in the total amount table is between 0.58 and 0.73. The fitting coefficient of each item of the structural model is between 0.45-0.73, and the correlation between each dimension and the total table is between 0.24-0.52. Scale cronbach's α The coefficient was 0.83 and the test-retest reliability was 0.90. The content validity of the scale ranged from 0.554 to 0.775. The scale has good reliability and validity, and can be used to evaluate undergraduate students' educational psychology., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024. Published by Elsevier Inc.)

Time preference reversals refers to systematic inconsistencies between preferences and valuations in intertemporal choice. When faced with a pair of intertemporal options, people preferred the smaller-sooner option but assign a higher price to the larger-later one. Different hypotheses postulate that the differences in evaluation scale or output format between the choice and the bid tasks cause the preference reversal. However, these hypotheses have not been distinguished. In the present study, we conducted a hybrid task, which shares the same evaluation scale with the bid task and shares the same output format with the choice task. By comparing these three tasks, we can figure out the key reason for time preference reversal. The eye-tracking measures reflecting attention allocation, cognitive effort and information search pattern were examined. Results showed that participants' time preference and eye-tracking measures in the hybrid task were similar to those in the choice task, but different from those in the bid task. Our findings suggest that the output format is the core reason for time preference reversal and may deepen our understanding of the mechanisms that underlie time preference reversal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Time preference reversals refers to systematic inconsistencies between preferences and valuations in intertemporal choice. When faced with a pair of intertemporal options, people preferred the smaller-sooner option but assign a higher price to the larger-later one. Different hypotheses postulate that the differences in evaluation scale or output format between the choice and the bid tasks cause the preference reversal. However, these hypotheses have not been distinguished. In the present study, we conducted a hybrid task, which shares the same evaluation scale with the bid task and shares the same output format with the choice task. By comparing these three tasks, we can figure out the key reason for time preference reversal. The eye-tracking measures reflecting attention allocation, cognitive effort and information search pattern were examined. Results showed that participants' time preference and eye-tracking measures in the hybrid task were similar to those in the choice task, but different from those in the bid task. Our findings suggest that the output format is the core reason for time preference reversal and may deepen our understanding of the mechanisms that underlie time preference reversal.

Identifying the strategies that help students to study using digital technologies is one of the great challenges for society today. This study sought evidence for the validity of the internal structure of the items of an instrument to measure the learning strategies employed by students when they study using digital information and communication technologies (DICT). Accordingly, the Learning Strategies with the use of DICT Scale (EEA-TDIC) was developed for students in High School and Higher Education. Study participants were 822 students. The three dimensions of the instrument, structured after exploratory factor analysis, were confirmed in the results of the confirmatory analysis. The psychometric properties of the EEA-TDIC were found to be acceptable, establishing the scale as a valid and reliable measure. The scale will be useful for psychoeducational assessment and diagnosis, in order to guide study actions in the educational context. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dry eye disease (DED) is a common disease with multiple etiologies. It can affect the daily activities of patients to reduce their quality of life and interfere with their mental state. At present, for DED patients, the clinical application of Quality-of-Life Assessment Scales are more, but the summary research of professional psychological assessment tools is less. On the basis of extensive review at home and abroad, this paper summarizes and explores the application of Quality-of-Life Assessment Scales and psychological assessment tools to DED patients, in order to provide suggestions and guidance for the clinical diagnosis and treatment and nursing work of DED. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To develop the evaluation scale for Gastrointestinal Heat Retention Syndrome (GHRS) in children. Methods 453 children were enrolled and 38 symptoms and signs of the subjects were collected by medical professionals. Classical Test Theory and Item Response Theory were used to select items. Items were selected through five statistical methods including classical test theory of discrete trends analysis, correlation coefficient analysis, Cronbach's acoefficient analysis and factor analysis, as well as item response theory. The items which were tested to be acceptable according to 4 or 5 methods would be kept and enlisted in the evaluation scale under the guidance of professional knowledge. Results The evaluation scale consisted of 25 items, including red complexion, red lips, pharyngeal redness and swelling, red tongue, yellow tongue fur, feverish feeling in palms and soles, rapid pulse, slippery pulse, aversion to heat, halitosis, thirst with preference for cold drinks, abnormal appetite, abdominal pain, reduced frequency of defecation, dry stool, difficult defecation, smelly stool, yellow urine, sweating at night, restless sleep at night, vexation and irascibility, epistaxis, nasal crust, susceptibility to respiratory tract infection, and symptoms worsened after improper diet. There were 10 binary variables and 15 quadruple variables graded by frequency or severity degree. Conclusion The evaluation scale for GHRS in children is developed, which can be used in the study of GHRS and GHRS-related diseases in children. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study was to develop scale dimensions for evaluating professional convention organizers (PCOs) from the perspective of conference hosts. Based on a literature review of B2B service quality and convention service quality, and in-depth interviews with host organizers in the Korean convention industry, five quality dimensions were identified: potential, process, personal, technical, and outcome qualities. The reliability and validity of the five dimensions were verified using empirical data. The results show that service quality between PCOs and hosts should be considered to be a holistic experience rather than a set of separate factors as discussed in previous studies. This paper also contributes by proposing that the five scales serve as a managerial tool for PCOs to evaluate their own performance and as criteria for hosts to develop effective business relationships with service providers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Scientific and accurate evaluation of architecture is efficient for design optimization and resource conservation of sustainable cities. Complicated and multidisciplinary contents and architecture proposals are difficult to judge with validity and objectivity by current evaluation methods. A scale is a concentrated application of psychometrics that can collect expert knowledge objectively, scientifically, and comprehensively. This paper proposes the development of an architecture design evaluation scale on the natural dimension with the application of a web-based interface system. The evaluation items of the scale were determined by the Delphi process. Offering a broader dimension of information exchange, a web-based interface system was applied in the Delphi process and the scale pretest. Then, following psychometric research methodology, the pretest results were proven to be scientific and accurate by reliability and validity tests (KMO=0.72,P=1.06 × 1 0 − 105 , Cronbach α = 0. 923). This research develops a new evaluation scale of architectural design, aiming to improve the quality of architectural design and the sustainability of cities. • Apply psychometrics and Delphi process in the research of architectural evaluation. • Develop an architecture design evaluation scale on the natural dimension. • Design a web-based system to collect expert knowledge efficiently. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article is defining ways of resolving challenges arising on High School education system as a result of competence approach implementation forming the content and structure of higher professional education. In particular, there are some approaches offered to define integral-differential appraisal of levels of understanding elements and competence parts in the integration with some different forms of class work, students selfwork and it’s evaluation methods. The suggested approaches are in a probation stage of Bachelors and Masters basic education programs on 210700 «The infocommunication technologies and communication systems» designing and realization process at Perm National Research Polytechnical University.

Objective. Acute pain is frequent and underestimated in older persons, especially when they suffer from cognitive impairment. Algoplus is an observational scale for acute pain evaluation, validated in French in older persons with communication disorders. We present the validation by an international expert team of the Algoplus scale in five languages: English, Spanish, Italian, Portuguese, and Turkish. Methods. A total of 181 older consecutive patients were included in five countries (Spain, Australia, Italy, Portugal, and Turkey). Test-retest and interrater reliabilities were determined by weighted kappa coefficient for each item and internal consistency by Kuder-Richardson-20 (KD). Results. Regarding test-retest reliability, the kappa coefficient for the five items ranged from 0.68 to 0.84. Inter-rater reliability kappa values ranged from 0.64 to 0.82. Internal consistency was indicated at a KD-greater than 0.6. Satisfaction was good to excellent for all teams. Results show that reliability tests are good to excellent for all items of Algoplus. Conclusions. This study shows evidence that Algoplus is an acceptable, reproducible, reliable, and easy-to-use tool. It provides a unique opportunity to include the translated Algoplus scale in daily assessment of older persons with communication disorders in many countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present article aims to describe the process of adaptation and validation of the Multidimensional Social Expression Scale - Motor Part (EMES-M) for the Brazilian context. Motor social expression consists of social skills, which are predictors of quality of life and interpersonal relationship quality. The sample consisted of 925 individuals of both sexes, between 18 and 35 years old. Confirmatory factor analyses were performed with a theoretically based eight-factor model. The scale had adequate psychometric properties, with CFI 0.910, TLI of 0.904, RMSEA of 0.049 and internal consistency of the total scale of 0.945. It also presented convergent validity, measured from correlations with scales that evaluate assertiveness and social anxiety. From the results, we conclude that the scale can be used in research contexts to evaluate social skills 7. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Résumé Les méthodes d’évaluation du risque et des besoins des personnes contrevenantes ont grandement évolué au cours des 40 dernières années. Elles sont passées d’une évaluation impressionniste basée sur l’expérience clinique à une procédure systématique basée sur la recherche scientifique. Ce n’est toutefois que très récemment que les professionnels ont été en mesure d’avoir accès à un instrument spécifiquement conçu pour évaluer les facteurs de protection contre la récidive et la récidive violente. La Structured Assessment of Protective Factors for Violence Risk (SAPROF) est un outil utilisant le jugement professionnel structuré afin de documenter les éléments protecteurs chez les auteurs d’infractions. Elle comporte 17 domaines protecteurs répartis en trois grandes catégories de facteurs : les facteurs internes, les facteurs liés à la motivation et les facteurs externes. La SAPROF jouit d’un engouement important tant dans les milieux cliniques que chez les chercheurs et constitue un ajout utile au processus clinique d’évaluations des personnes. Risk assessment has greatly changed over the last 40 years. It has moved from a strictly clinical procedure based on clinical judgement, to a structured approach based on scientific literature. While the main goal of first generation structured methods was to estimate the probability of recidivism, we are increasingly interested in knowing more about the reasons that push delinquents to commit new crimes in order to properly intervene and treat the causes at hand. The last generations of instruments now aim to estimate intervention needs and guide rehabilitation practices. Although practitioners largely resort to protective factors to establish avenues to work on, no tool was available until recently to systematically evaluate protective factors. The present article proposes a description of the different measurement and conceptualization issues surrounding protective factors, in addition to addressing the nature of the effect of these factors on recidivism. This paper describes The Structured Assessment of Protective Factors for Violence Risk (SAPROF), a structural professional judgement tool that focus solely on protective factors for violence risk. The SAPROF investigates internal, motivation and external protective factors and has incremental validity over risk assessment instruments. The paper also discusses validation results of the SAPROF, as well as its limitations. The paper finally addresses the crucial question of interfacing risk and protective factors when it comes to estimating the risk for recidivism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Internacional de Educacion Musical is the property of Sage Publications Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introduction : It is important to prepare a scale for the pedagogical evaluation of distance education, in order to obtain more accurate information in this field. Based on the importance of this issue, the present study aims to prepare pedagogical evaluation scale of synchronous technologies in distance education and determine its psychometric properties. Methods : The research utilized a descriptive-survey method. The statistical population consisted of all virtual students (3915 virtual students) from all universities in Tehran who were undergoing distance education in the 2015 - 2016 academic year. A number of 390 graduate students were chosen by random cluster sampling method. For data collection, a self-made scale was utilized. Data were analyzed through SPSS software, version 21. Construct validity, convergent validity, test retest reliability, and internal reliability of this scale were calculated by the exploratory factor analysis model, Pearson moment correlation coefficient, and Cronbach’s alpha coefficient. Reliability coefficient of the scale was calculated with Cronbach’s alpha method for the total scales and its subscales which was variable from 0.73 to 0.90. Results : After determining the face and content validities, the number of items in Pedagogical evaluation scale were reduced from 55 to 39 items. Construct validity of the scale was calculated by utilizing exploratory factor analysis model by principal component analysis method and varimax rotation, finally, 30 items and seven factors were extracted from it. The maximum overall variance (48.21%) was explained by the first 7 factors and the rest (51.79%) was explained by the other 23 factors. The result of exploratory factor analysis in this scale identified seven factors, including telepresence, interaction, flexibility, motivation, assessment, feedback, and perceived learning. Conclusions : The results of psychometric properties of the pedagogical evaluation scale of synchronous technologies in distance education suggested that the aforementioned scale is a reliable and valid instrument for pedagogical evaluation of synchronous technologies in distance education. Therefore, this scale can has important usage in the instructional design for distance learners’ learning.

In recent years the use of virtual lab software has become ubiquitous in education settings. The purpose of the current study is to de¬velop an Evaluation Scale to allow the easy and fast assessment of virtual lab software. During the development of the Evaluation Scale, theoretical and experimental studies investigating the effects of different software on learn¬ing, particularly in terms of usability, were utilized. The Evaluation Scale was created by adding new attributes to pre-existing scales, and comprises three sections – attributes related to the interface of the software; attributes related to its use as a material in education; and attributes related to product and ser¬vice support – and 79 items. Testing of the Evaluation Scale was carried out using two different virtual lab programmes, with the help of a checklist. The evaluation was carried out by physics teachers and academics that had previ¬ously used similar software, and consistency between the results was consid¬ered to represent inter-rater reliability. At the end of the study, the usability of the Evaluation Scale was tested, and the instructor evaluations regarding the usability characteristics considered sufficient and that require improvement in virtual lab software were also investigated.

This research aims at getting deep into the description and assessment of narcissistic personality disorder (NPD). Firstly, we de.ne NPD by four characteristics: false self-image, lack of empathy, sensitivity to criticism and disturbances in interpersonal relationships. Taking from a sample of 1025 persons, we elaborated a 15items test to measure NPD with three factors: narcissism, Machiavellianism and dominance. At the same time, we elaborated two tests, lack of empathy and exhibitionism, related to narcissistic pathology. The results con.rm the multifactor structure of the concept (NPD), .nding important differences between NPD in the Spanish and the American contexts as well as signi.cant relations with the Mehrabian and Epstein Tests, the Ma4 Scale by Harris and Lingoes and the NPI by Raskin and Hall. In addition, there were signi.cant relations between NPD and different variables such as age and gender

The authors elaborated a new complex methodical approach to the evaluation of necrotic disease of beeches. They used two evaluation scales: a scale for the evaluation of stems and a scale for the evaluation of beech crowns. A four-degree scale for the evaluation of necrotisation of crowns completed the existing five-degree scale for the evaluation of necrotisation of stems. Combination of both these scales into one methodical approach produced the third, complex scale for the evaluation of necrotisation of whole trees. The proposed combined scale is recommended for the monitoring of beech necroses.

The purpose of this study is to determine the language equivalence and the validity and reliability of the Turkish version of the Web-Based Learning Platform Evaluation Scale (Web Tabanlı Öğrenme Ortamı Değerlendirme Ölçeği [WTÖODÖ]) used in the selection and evaluation of web-based learning environments. Within this scope, the validity of the factor structure of this scale is examined on the basis of data collected from 482 students at 11 universities in Turkey. The results of the exploratory factor analysis (EFA) show that the 40- item, four-factor structure of the scale parallels the original scale. To determine whether this structure agrees with the sample data, first-level confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was conducted. The findings indicate that the compliance level of the sample is good. In addition, Cronbach's alpha reliability coefficient for the entire scale was calculated as .95, whereas McDonald's omega coefficient, which is regarded more relevant for congeneric measurements, was calculated as .96. These results indicate that the Turkish version of this scale, with its 40-item, four-factor structure, is a valid and reliable instrument. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Nursing of Integrated Traditional Chinese & Western Medicine is the property of Journal of Clinical Nursing in Practice (Editorial Board, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Press) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This study aimed to verify the Factorial Structure of the Brazilian version of the Social Skills Rating System (SSRS-BR), with an extended sample of participants, and their subsequent Confirmatory Factor Analyses in another subset of data. The analyses were based on a total sample of 942 evaluations of children between six and thirteen years of age, 817 evaluations of teachers and 562 evaluations of parents, residents of four Brazilian states. The exploratory factor analysis performed on half of the data, indicated a five-factor structure for the social skills scale for parents, and a four factor structure for the scales of the teachers and students. For the behavior problems scales, three factors were found in the instrument for parents and two factors in the instrument for the teacher. Confirmatory factor analysis showed satisfactory fit indices for the three instruments, after removing some items and performing some re-specifications.

Copyright of Rigakuryoho Kagaku is the property of International Press Editing Center Incorporation and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)